上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科11月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科11月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How your nose beats bacteria Scientists have discovered an incredible defence system in the human nose. Your nose is a powerful weapon 1          harmful bacteria entering your body. When you breathe in through your nose, you breathe in hundreds of different types of bacteria, some of 2          can make you ill. Cells 3          (line) the inside of your nose produce a sticky mucus (粘液) that traps these tiny microbugs, and small hairs move the mucus out of your nose or to the back of your throat. 4          scientists from Massachusetts Eye and Ear, a specialist teaching hospital in the US, have found is that your nose cells not only produce mucus, but also tiny sacs (囊) called exosomes. These exosomes are filled with antibacterial substances that kill bacteria directly. They 5          (release) in their billions at the first sign of infection. They also get a boost from the system that gets mucus 6          (move) out of your nose. The transport system of tiny hairs sweeps exosomes backwards, alerting the cells at the back of the nose to the incoming danger and arming them with antibacterial proteins 7          (fight) off the bugs. Scientists 8          (think) that the immune system only worked inside the body, but this shows that it protects you outside your body, too. "We have demonstrated in 9          live patient that the immune system reaches outside of the body, and actually goes and attacks pathogens (病原体) before they get into the body," says Benjamin Bleier, a surgeon, who took part in the study. "It is the only example of this I know of." Next, scientists want to find out how the exosomes stick to cells to alert them 10          this could help doctors find new, more efficient ways to deliver drugs into the body. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. concerned B. contributes C. durable D. equal E. inaccurately F. infeasible G. promotes H. post-consumer I. repurposed J. ultimately K. unrecycled Think you know where your old plastic ends up? Once a week, you dutifully set out your bin full of recyclables for collection. You're happy to do your part for the environment because plastic 11          to pollution and climate change. And while it has its good points—plastic is both lightweight and 12         , saving fuel in transport—the best thing about it is that it's easily recycled. Now, about that... In fact, over the past four decades, less than 10 percent of all plastic in the United States has been recycled. Some items are reused more than others. About 30 percent of used water, soda, and shampoo bottles are 13         . But that still leaves 70 percent piling up in dumps, or worse. NPR, working with the PBS series Frontline, recently dug up reports sent to industry executives that called recycling plastic "costly...difficult... 14          ". And this was way back in the 1970s and '80s! “There was never an enthusiastic belief that recycling was 15          going to work in a significant way," Lew Freeman, former vice president of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI), told NPR and Frontline. Though not much has changed since those reports were written, the plastics industry 16          recycling through ads and education. Why? Public Relations. "If the public thinks the recycling is working, then they're not going to be as 17          about the environment," says Larry Thomas, another former SPI executive. Communities have to do something with all that 18          plastic. That often means burning it with the rest of the trash. "About six times more 19          plastic waste is burned in the United States than is domestically recycled," reports the Plastic Pollution Coalition, while the Center for International Environmental Law points out that producing and burning plastics will add more than 850 million metric tons of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere annually, "an amount 20          to the emissions (排放) from 189 coal power plants.” That's probably not what you're thinking when you throw away your bottles. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Everyone procrastinates (拖延)."It's part of the human condition," says procrastination researcher Tim Pychyl, a psychology professor at Carleton University. "We love avoidance, and that's what procrastination 21         : We want to feel good now. The way to do that is to avoid the task." You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even 22          tasks such as planning a vacation. Research has shown that the top tasks people delay are cleaning, advancing their careers, and taking care of their health. Around 20 percent of us are long-term procrastinators at home and at work. One big factor for them is fear of failure, of not living up to expectations. Kelli Saginak, a 57-year-old functional health coach from Wisconsin, procrastinated about looking for a new job for years. That 23          to take action only confirmed her belief that she would never do any better. "It's totally fear of judgment," says Saginak. "If I don't take the risk, decide, or commit, I don't have to 24          the judgment. Yet it's simply me judging myself." Some people don't mind procrastinating, believing that they perform better under pressure. But researchers 25         . "I did an experiment several years ago, putting procrastinators under 26          of time," says Joseph Ferrari, a psychology professor at DePaul University. "They did worse than non-procrastinators, but they 27          they did better." Whatever the 28          (or lack of it), procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. Delaying a diet or exercise program may increase your risk of heart disease. Not having seen the doctor when your illness was easier to treat may shorten your life. Just thinking about what you haven't done may cause 29         . "Procrastinators experience higher levels of stress, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own 30          and self-critical feelings about their procrastination," says Fuschia Sirois, a psychology lecturer at the University of Sheffield. For those of us in need of motivation, the best advice might be to 31         . "We used to believe 32          follow attitude, but if you can make progress, even a little, that motivates you," Pychyl says. So if you have been procrastinating on starting an exercise routine, just put on your walking shoes. If you've been putting off a work project, reread your boss's notes about it. Next, try sending yourself signals to action. 33          you might put your lights on a timed dimmer switch to encourage a consistent bedtime. Joel Anderson, a philosophy researcher-lecturer at Utrecht University, crafted an experiment around this concept, and it worked on most of his subjects. "They formed a (n) 34         ," Anderson says. "When the lights start to dim, I'll start going to bed." Finally, 35          yourself for each step you take toward your goal. After you've gone to the gym, take a relaxing bath. After you've paid the bills, watch your favorite TV show. (But don't try to convince yourself it will work the other way around!) 21. A. comes down to B. runs out of C. puts up with D. breaks away from 22. A. repetitive B. household C. educational D. enjoyable 23. A. opportunity B. inflexibility C. inability D. responsibility 24. A. show B. face C. apply D. question 25. A. observe B. disagree C. cooperate D. confirm 26. A. concepts B. progression C. restrictions D. measurement 27. A. realized B. doubted C. thought D. neglected 28. A. consequence B. motivation C. occasion D. origin 29. A. variation B. reaction C. sympathy D. discomfort 30. A. negative B. overjoyed C. renewed D. vivid 31. A. think small B. push the boundaries C. aim high D. accept calculated risks 32. A. expressions B. purposes C. promises D. behaviors 33. A. In addition B. For instance C. As a result D. On the contrary 34. A. intention B. opinion C. plan D. identity 35. A. challenge B. prepare C. improve D. reward Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Fancy an evening at the theatre but can't face sitting there for hours? Theatre companies will happily stream performances live. Want to see a band but put off by the ticket prices? No worries. Many mainstream bands allow their concerts to be streamed free of charge. Now galleries are getting in on the act too, enabling sofa-bound art lovers to wander around the world's greatest art institutions. But is it really the same as seeing paintings in person? I decided to find out. My first stop is the Uffizi in Florence, where I am immediately deposited in front of Botticelli's fifteenth-century Birth of Venus. In technological terms, it's very impressive. I can see every bump and line in the surface of the paint. If I were there in person, I would need one magnifying glass to view it like this. It occurs to me that Botticelli would never have seen it in such detail and I wonder what he would have thought of us all marvelling at every piece of paint on the internet. Next, I head to the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, one of my favourite galleries. I enjoy myself racing past sculptures and going eyeball to eyeball with portraits in a manner that would annoy me if I were actually there. There's a lot to be said for viewing art this way. Admission is free and there aren't any queues. Plus, you won't have to listen to your fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of surrealism. But it's no substitute for the real thing. Billions of pixels (像素) can't accurately transmit the scale or colour or atmosphere of a painting, or convey the sense of wonder you feel when standing in front of it. And only in a gallery do you have the opportunity to shut out the rest of the world, engage with a work and view it in context. My enduring thought, while strolling around the Reina Sofia online, is how much nicer it would be if I were actually in Madrid. Lying on the sofa, with computers, phones and remote controls all within easy reach, is my setting. But when it comes to art appreciation, even a slob like me can recognise the basic requirement to leave the house. It's a bit like watching holidays on TV. Yes, you can cut out the sweat, the aching legs and the mosquitoes. By staying at home, you can take in the finest views. But it's just not the same if you can't feel the sun on your face. 36. What point is the writer making about Birth of Venus in the second paragraph? A. Modern technology reveals the flaws in the painter's technique. B. She enjoyed it more when she actually went to the art gallery. C. We can examine it more closely than the artist himself could. D. The painting lacks interest when seen over the Internet. 37. What, according to the writer, is a disadvantage of going to an art gallery in person? A. There is a risk of being disturbed by people trying to show off. B. It is impossible to concentrate on paintings because of distractions. C. There are often too many paintings of famous people from the past. D. You may be tempted to spend more time seeing the city than the gallery. 38. The pronoun "it" in the first sentence of paragraph 4 refers to ______. A. a knowledge of surrealism B. an online visit to a gallery C. the sense of wonder D. free admission 39. The writer compares online art with holidays on TV to show that ______. A. appreciating art is more relaxing than going on holiday B. art appreciation is less popular than watching TV C. art cannot be fully appreciated from a distance D. to appreciate art it is best to see it in sunny countries （B） Jackson & Brown Ltd Head Office, Bradford House, 234 Manningham Road Bolton BL3 5QS t: 01204 249241 f: 01204 790061 1 June 2018 Dear Colleague, Re: 40 I am writing to make you aware of some forthcoming changes to the payment dates for your salary. During the past few weeks, we have been discussing with your trade union representatives our intention to change the frequency of the payment of your salary from monthly to every four weeks. The reason for this change is to enable us to improve the efficiency of the payroll system and to make it easier for you to understand what you have been paid. On Thursday 30 August you will be paid your monthly basic pay up to and including 31 August. The last Thursday in the month is the normal monthly pay day. On 13 September you will be paid basic pay up to and including 14 September. You will then be paid again 4 weeks later on 11 October, for time up to 12 October. The timetable of 4-weekly payments for the remainder of the financial year is listed below: 8 November 31 January 6 December 28 February 3 January 28 March 2019 I understand that the transfer to a four-weekly pay cycle may cause some of you disruption to your monthly pay routines, for example mortgage (按揭) or rent repayments. In recognition of this initial disturbance and to assist you through this time, we are offering a loan facility for a maximum of three weeks' wages (net pay), for those who may find it difficult to budget for this change. I have enclosed a form detailing this loan. Please ensure you complete and return the form by 30 June if you wish to take advantage of this offer. If you choose to use the loan facility, this will be paid on 13 September. Of course, should you wish to discuss the contents of this letter, your line manager will have further information. If you still have any concerns or you have a personal query you wish to discuss, then from 13 June until 1 July you can call the following number: 01204 249259. I hope that this letter clarifies the changes for you and would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued hard work. Yours sincerely, [Signature] 40. Which of the following best fits the blank labelled with "40" in the letter? A. Notice of pay rise B. Changes to pay cycle C. Information of pay D. Cancellation of payments 41. According to the e-mail, which of the following statements is true? A. The company's financial year ends every March. B. It's not easy to understand the new payment system. C. The system of 4-weekly payments is thought inefficient. D. Employees will be paid on the last Thursday of the month. 42. Which of the following statements is true of the loan facility? A. Employees can apply through the hotline available until 1 July. B. Everyone can apply for a loan that equals four weeks' wages. C. The applicants will receive the loan every month. D. The deadline for the application is 30 June. （C） Why is productivity growth low if information technology is advancing rapidly? A heated topic in the 1980s and early 1990s, this question has in recent years again become one of the hottest in economics. Its importance has grown as techies have become convinced that machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) will soon put many workers out of work (Bill Gates has called for a robot tax and Elon Musk for a universal basic income). A lot of economists think that a huge increase in productivity that would leave millions unemployed is unlikely soon, if at all. Yet this year's meeting of the American Economic Association showed they are taking the tech believers seriously. Recent history seems to support productivity pessimism (悲观). From 1995 to 2004 output per hour worked grew at an annual average pace of 2.5%; from 2004 to 2016 the pace was just 1%. Elsewhere in the G7 group of rich countries, the pace has been slower still. An obvious explanation is that the financial crisis of 2007-08 led firms to delay productivity-promoting investment. Not so, say John Fernald, of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, and co-authors, who estimate that in America the slow-down began in 2006. Productivity has stagnated despite increasing research spending. This supports the popular idea that fewer transformative technologies are left to be discovered. Others take the opposite view. A presentation by Erik Brynjolfsson of MIT pointed to recent sharp gains in machines' ability to recognise patterns. They can, for instance, outperform humans at recognising most images—crucial to the technology behind driverless cars—and match doctors' accuracy in diagnosing skin cancer. Mr Brynjolfsson and his co-authors forecast that such advances will eventually lead to a widespread re-organisation of jobs, affecting high- and low-skilled workers alike. Productivity pessimism remains common among official forecasters, but more academics are trying to understand how automation may affect the economy. In a series of papers, Daron Acemoglu of MIT and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University present new theoretical models of innovation. They propose that technological progress be divided into two categories: the sort that replaces labour with machines; and that which creates new, more complex tasks for humans. The first, automation, pushes down wages and employment. The second, the creation of new tasks, can restore workers' fortunes. Historically, the authors argue, the two types of innovation seem to have been in balance, encouraged by market forces. If automation leads to a labour glut (供应过剩), wages fall, reducing the returns to further automation, so firms find new, more productive ways to put people to work instead. As a result, previous predictions of technology-related joblessness have proved mostly wrong. 43. Bill Gates and Elon Musk are mentioned in the passage in order to ______. A. support some economists' view of productivity pessimism B. illustrate that techies worry about joblessness related to technology C. give examples of tech believers who think robots should be limited D. propose that a new taxation system should be set up in the digital age 44. The word "stagnated" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______. A. kept falling B. continued leaping C. stopped progressing D. quitted working 45. The "opposite view" (in paragraph 2) refers to the opinion that ______. A. people should be optimistic about our job opportunities B. fundamental advancements can still occur in technologies C. low-skilled workers will be more affected than high-skilled ones D. transformative technologies will have a negative effect on productivity 46. Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo are most likely to agree with ______. A. technological progress will cause more problems than expected B. the two types of innovation prove to be impossible to keep in balance C. we needn't worry about the unemployment associated with technology D. automation will lead to a labour glut and then leave people out of work Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What is a Food Chain A. The transfer of energy from one species to another can occur several times, but eventually the chain ends. B. The first organism in the food chain cannot feed on other organisms and is called a producer because it makes its own food. C. Consumers are classified depending on their place in the chain. D. Firstly, producers are those that rely on green plants for energy. E. They are a source of energy for the organism in the next step in the chain, a consumer. F. Once a cycle ends, it starts another one. A food chain shows the relationship between organisms which feed on each other. This essay will describe the three types of organism which form food chains, and explain how each organism acts as a food source for the next one in the chain. 47          Green plants are an example of a producer. They use photosynthesis (光合作用), that is, the process of turning carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds (有机化合物) using energy from light from the sun. These organic compounds are found in various parts of the plant such as the leaves, fruit, and roots. 48          Consumers are generally animals and humans who eat the products of photosynthesis. Examples of this are sheep eating grass, and birds eating seeds. 49          For instance, when humans eat vegetables, they are primary consumers. In other words, they are directly eating a product of photosynthesis. When they eat meat, they are secondary consumers. Consumers can also be divided into groups according to what they eat: herbivores, which eat only plants or plant products, carnivores, which eat animals, and omnivores, which eat both plants and animals. 50          When the final consumer dies, its body is broken down into simple molecules (分子) by decomposers such as bacteria, in the final steps of the chain. These molecules are returned to the soil, where they are used by plants, and the food chain begins again. To summarize, a food chain shows that every organism is dependent on another for its source of energy, and in turn acts as a food source for the next organism in the chain. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Romantic Attraction Sometimes, it seems we are attracted towards people romantically in a puzzling manner. We see someone and our romantic side bursts out. However, it is not a mystery to science and people who study sociology. There are definite causes as to why people become romantically attracted to each other. These factors are: similarity, communication, and honesty. Though people often say opposites attract, similarity often connects individuals in a romantic way. In fact, based on research done by the University of Colorado Boulder, we tend to choose partners who have similar DNA to ours. Of course we cannot examine the DNA of others readily, but we can naturally “feel” if people are a genetic match for us. Communication is another essential factor in romantic attraction. If we feel a deep connection to someone through the ease of talking with them, we are much more likely to be attracted to that person. It is difficult to be romantically involved with someone you can barely communicate with. And as a side note, there are people we are not attracted to in appearance, but after communicating with them for some time, we suddenly become romantically interested in them. Friends often connect through noticing the honesty of others, but this also contributes to romantic attraction. According to Kelly Campbell, PhD, “Chemistry occurs most often between people who are down-to-earth and sincere. This is because if a person is comfortable with themselves, they are better able to express their true self to the world, which makes it easier to get to know them, even if perspectives on important matters differed”. This adds to the perspective that easy communication between people contributes to romantic attraction. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他俩性格相似，已是多年的朋友了。(resemble) 53. 拐角处突然窜出一只猫，把老人吓得倒退了几步。(Out) 54. 这位摄影师工作孜孜不倦，技术又精湛，人们预测他的成名指日可待。(so…that…) 55. 看着孩子们渴求知识的眼睛，这位支教老师义无反顾地放弃了城市里的高薪工作，选择了留在这个小山村。(long) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明。你注意到午餐时间食堂的餐盘里经常剩下大量饭菜，于是想向学生会提出一项减少浪费的倡议。请给学生会主席写一封信，内容包括： 1. 描述你观察到的浪费现象及可能原因； 2. 提出两项可行的具体措施； 3. 说明你为什么相信这些措施会有效。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科11月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. against 2. which 3. lining 4. What 5. are released 6. moving 7. to fight 8. thought##had thought 9. a 10. because Section B 11. B 12. C 13. I 14. F 15. J 16. G 17. A 18. K 19. H 20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D Section B 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. C Section C 47. B 48. E 49. C 50. A III. Summary Writing 51. Similarity, communication and honesty are the reasons why people draw others’ attention. Firstly, research shows genetic similarity makes a good match. Secondly, communicating with each other makes us feel connected and interested. Thirdly, honesty leads to romantic attraction, as we are happy with honest people and understand each other easily. IV. Translation 52. They resemble each other in personality, and so they have been friends for years. 53. Out of the corner rushed a cat, which frightened the old man back a few steps. 54. The photographer works so tirelessly and his skills are so good that people predict his fame is just around the corner. 55. Looking at the children's eyes longing for knowledge, the volunteer teacher gave up his high-paying job in the city without hesitation and chose to stay in this small mountain village. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Chairman of the Students' Union, I am Li Ming, a senior two student. I am writing to propose a campaign against food waste in our school canteen. During lunch hours I have repeatedly noticed that large amounts of rice and vegetables are left on the trays. In my view, two causes are mainly responsible: portions are fixed and often larger than a student can finish, and many of us take more than we are hungry for simply because it costs nothing extra to do so. I would therefore suggest two measures. First, the canteen could offer two portion sizes at different prices, so that students can choose according to their appetite. Second, a small poster above the tray-return counter could show the weight of food wasted each day; making waste visible usually changes behaviour more effectively than a rule. I believe these measures would work because they rely on the choices students already make rather than on supervision. If we are given the chance to take only what we need, most of us will take it. Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $