Unit 2 Save the earth(复习讲义)英语新教材冀教版九年级下册
|
2份
|
44页
|
5人阅读
|
0人下载
精品
内容正文:
Unit 2 Save the earth(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕Save the earth(拯救地球 / 保护环境)主题,复习环保行动、自然见闻、环保感悟的表达。
2、重点掌握垃圾分类、自然资源、环保行为、自然事物、环境影响等相关词汇和短语。
3、能用一般过去时讲述一次环保相关的经历;能用不定代词描述人或事物;能运用 It 作形式主语、play a role in、provide…with、depend on等核心句型表达观点。
4、能围绕‘看到了什么、做了哪些环保行动、有什么收获与感悟’进行口头和书面表达,树立保护自然、人与自然和谐共处的环保意识。
复习重难点
重点:构词法;复合不定代词的用法;描述环境保护的重点句型。
难点:构词法;能围绕‘看到了什么、做了哪些环保行动、有什么收获与感悟’进行口头和书面表达,树立保护自然、人与自然和谐共处的环保意识。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:Let’s sort rubbish!让我们来垃圾分类吧!(教材P18)
① rubbish:不可数名词,垃圾;废弃物。
【固定搭配】
1.sort rubbish 垃圾分类
2. rubbish sorting system 垃圾分类制度
3. throw away rubbish 扔垃圾
4. a rubbish bin 垃圾桶
【知识拓展】
英文
中文
用法
例句
trash
垃圾
与 rubbish 同义,不可数
Take out the trash, please. 请把垃圾拿出去。
garbage
垃圾
侧重厨余 / 废物,不可数
The garbage smells bad. 这些垃圾很臭。
litter
乱丢的垃圾
不可数,强调散落的废弃物
There is litter on the ground. 地上有散落的垃圾。
waste
废弃物
正式用语,可作不可数名词
Food waste can be composted. 厨余垃圾可以堆肥。
recycle
回收
动词,recyclable 为形容词
Paper can be recycled and reused. 纸张可以回收再利用。
②sort动词;分类;整理 过去式 / 过去分词:sorted 现在分词:sorting
sort名词 种类;类别复数:sorts sortable adj.可分类的
【固定搭配】
1. sort sth 把某物分类 / 整理
We sort rubbish every day.我们每天给垃圾分类。
2. sort sth into… 把某物分成……(本课核心搭配!)
Our rubbish should be sorted into four different categories.垃圾应该被分成四个不同类别。
被动形式:be sorted into 被分成……
3. sort out 整理;理清;解决
Please sort out your books. 请整理好你的书本。
He sorted out the problem. 他解决了这个问题。
4. a sort of … 一种……
It is a sort of new bag. 这是一种新袋子。
5. all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样的
There are all sorts of waste. 有各种各样的废弃物。
【易混辨析】
单词
词性
侧重点
例句
sort
n.
普通用词,口语化;常构成短语 all sorts of;也可作动词表 “分类”
There are all sorts of rubbish in the bin.
垃圾桶里有各种各样的垃圾。
kind
n.
最通用,日常使用频率最高;短语 all kinds of
Paper is a kind of recyclable waste.
纸是一种可回收垃圾。
category
n.
正式用语,指按照标准、规则划分出来的类别(本课垃圾分类专用)
Rubbish is divided into four categories.
垃圾被划分为四个类别。
知识点2:But first, did you hear about the rubbish sorting system?但是首先,你听说过垃圾分类制度吗?(教材P18)
①hear v. 听见;听到
词形变化:过去式:heard;过去分词:heard;现在分词:hearing
【用法辨析】
1. hear v. 听见;听到(强调听到的结果,不是 “听” 这个动作)
hear sb. /sth. 听见某人 / 某物I can hear a bird. 我能听见一只鸟(的叫声)。
2.hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事(听到全过程)
I heard him talk about rubbish sorting. 我听见他谈论垃圾分类。
3.hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事(听到动作正在发生)
I heard them talking about the new system. 我听见他们正在谈论新制度。
【固定搭配】
1. hear about 听说
Did you hear about the rubbish sorting system? 你听说垃圾分类制度了吗?
2. hear of 听说;知道有……
I have never heard of this rule. 我从没听说过这条规定。
3. hear from 收到…… 的来信;得到…… 消息
I hear from my friend every month. 我每个月收到朋友的来信。
【易混辨析】
知识点3:Each living thing has a role to play in keeping the balance of life on the earth.每一种生物在维持地球上生命的平衡中都发挥着作用。(教材P18)
①role n. 角色;作用,职能 复数:roles
【用法讲解】
1. have a role to play 发挥作用、负有职责
原句:Each living thing has a role to play in keeping the balance of life on the earth.
译:每一种生物在维持地球上生命的平衡中都发挥着作用。
2. play a role (in sth.) 在…… 中起作用;在…… 中扮演角色
例句 1:She plays an important role in our team.她在我们团队里起着重要作用。
例句 2:Forests play a key role in protecting the environment.森林在保护环境方面起到关键作用。
3. play the role of… 扮演…… 的角色(影视 / 戏剧)
例句:He played the role of a doctor in the movie.他在这部电影里扮演一名医生。
【易混辨析】
role / part
(1)role:侧重 作用、职能,也可指戏剧角色,书面常用,`play a role in`
(2)part:更口语,‘play a part in’ 和 ‘play a role in’ 大多时候可以互换;part 还可以表示 “部分”
【拓展搭配】
leading role 主角;主要作用
important role 重要作用
key role 关键作用
【即时小练】
1. Trees play an important ______ (role/hear) in cleaning the air.
答案:role句意:树木在净化空气方面发挥重要作用。
知识点4:Our connection to nature goes beyond just the physical resources it provides.我们与自然的联系,远不止它所提供的物质资源。(教材P20)
①beyond prep. 超出;除…… 之外;在…… 另一边
词形变化:无变形(介词 / 副词)
【用法辨析】
1. beyond prep. 除…… 之外
go beyond… 超出;不止
例句:The story goes beyond a simple love story.这个故事不只是一个简单的爱情故事。
2. beyond prep. 超过(范围、限度)
例句:The town is beyond those mountains.小镇在群山的另一边。
3. beyond prep. 无法(理解、描述等)
例句:It is beyond my understanding.这超出了我的理解范围。
【固定搭配】
go beyond 超出;不止
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
beyond one’s ability 超出某人能力范围
【易混辨析】
beyond /over
beyond:侧重抽象意义 “超出、不止”,也可指位置远于
over:多指数量、高度上超过
②provide v. 提供;供给
词形变化:过去式:provided;过去分词:provided;现在分词:providing
【用法辨析】
1. provide sth. 提供某物(本句:the physical resources it provides 它提供的物质资源)
例句:The school provides books. 学校提供书籍。
2. provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某(最常考)
例句:The farm provides us with fresh vegetables.农场为我们提供新鲜蔬菜。
3. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
例句:The farm provides fresh vegetables for us.
【固定搭配】
provide for 供养;抚养;为…… 做准备
【易混辨析】
provide /offer
provide:侧重免费、主动供给所需物品,固定搭配 provide sb. with sth.
offer:侧重主动提出(邀请、帮助),offer sb. sth. /offer to do sth.
【即时小练】
1. The service goes ______ (beyond/provide) our expectation.
答案:beyond句意:这项服务超出了我们的预期。
2. Trees ______ (provide/beyond) fresh air for us.
答案:provide句意:树木为我们提供新鲜空气。
知识点5:We are part of this interconnected web of life, and our actions can have a big impact on the world around us.我们是这张相互关联的生命之网中的一部分,我们的行为会对周围的世界产生巨大影响。(教材P20)
①impact /ˈɪmpækt/(名词);/ɪmˈpækt/(动词)n. 影响;作用;冲击 v. 对…… 产生影响
词形变化:复数:impacts;过去式 impacted;过去分词 impacted;现在分词 impacting
【用法辨析】
1. have an impact on… 对…… 产生影响
例句:Pollution has a bad impact on our health.污染对我们的健康有不好的影响。
2. n. 冲击,撞击
例句:The impact of the wave broke the rock.海浪的冲击击碎了岩石。
3. v. 影响
例句:Climate change impacts all living things.气候变化影响所有生物。
【固定搭配】
(1)have a big/great impact on… 对…… 有巨大影响
(2)have a positive impact on… 对…… 有积极影响
(3)have a negative impact on… 对…… 有消极影响
【易混辨析】
impact / influence
(1)impact:侧重较强、重大的冲击性影响,固定搭配: have an impact on
(2)influence:侧重潜移默化、长期的熏陶影响,固定搭配: have an influence on sb.
【即时小练】
1. Human activities have a great ______ (impact) on nature.
答案:impact
翻译:人类活动对大自然有巨大影响。
知识点6:It’s important for us to take care of nature and build a beautiful world of harmony among all beings on the planet.对我们来说,爱护自然、在地球上构建一个万物和谐的美好世界十分重要。(教材P20)
①It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It 是形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.,避免句子头重脚轻。
【用法辨析】
(1)It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
形容词描述事情本身(important, easy, hard, difficult, necessary, possible)
例句:It is easy for me to finish the work.完成这项工作对我来说很容易。
(2)It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.
形容词描述人的品质(kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude, careful)
例句:It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我,真好。
【知识拓展】it 作形式主语的其他句型
(1) It is + n. + to do sth.(做某事是一件…… 的事)
例句:It is our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
(2) It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.(花费某人多长时间做某事)
例句:It takes us years to know the power of nature.我们花很多年才了解自然的力量。
(3) It seems + that 从句(似乎……)
例句:It seems that nature is sending us a warning.大自然似乎在向我们发出警示。
(4) It is said that…(据说……)
例句:It is said that forests are the lungs of the earth.据说森林是地球之肺。
(5) It is reported that…(据报道……)
例句:It is reported that many wild animals are losing homes.据报道,很多野生动物正在失去家园。
(6) It is wellknown that…(众所周知……)
例句:It is wellknown that all living things depend on water.众所周知,所有生物都依赖水生存。
【即时小练】
1. It’s necessary ______ (for/of) us to protect trees.
答案:for
句意:保护树木对我们来说很有必要。
2. It’s clever ______ (for/of) him to work out the problem.
答案:of
句意:他能解出这道题,很聪明。
3. It ______ (take) us an hour to plant trees yesterday.
答案:took
句意:昨天我们花了一小时植树。
知识点7:Isn’t the planet covered with water?这颗星球不被水覆盖着吗?(教材P22)
①cover v. 覆盖;遮盖;包含;行走(一段路程);报道n. 封面;盖子;掩护
词形变化:过去式 covered;过去分词 covered;现在分词 covering
【用法辨析】
(1)be covered with… 被…… 覆盖
例句:The ground is covered with snow.地面被白雪覆盖。
区分:be covered by 多表动作的被动,常接人;be covered with 侧重状态,上面布满某物
(2)v. 遮盖,盖住
例句:Cover your mouth when you cough.咳嗽时捂住嘴。
(3)v. 包含;涉及
例句:This book covers many environmental problems.这本书涉及很多环境问题。
(4)v. 行走(路程)
例句:We covered 10 kilometres today.我们今天走了 10 公里。
(5)n. 封面;封皮
例句:I like the cover of this magazine.我喜欢这本杂志的封面。
【固定搭配】
(1)be covered with 被…… 覆盖
(2)cover up 掩盖;遮盖
(3)cover an area of 占地面积为……
(4)from cover to cover 从头到尾(读一本书)
【易混辨析】
cover /discover
(1)cover:覆盖;
(2)discover:发现(dis 否定前缀 + cover,把遮盖的东西掀开→发现)
【即时小练】
(1)The mountain ______ green trees all year round.
A. cover B. is covered with C. covers with D. is covered by
答案:B
解析:句意:这座山终年被绿树覆盖。主语 the mountain 是单数,山 “被绿树覆盖” 是一种长期状态,用 be covered with; be covered by 侧重被人 / 外力覆盖,不适合描述自然覆盖状态。故选B。
知识点8:We all need to do our part to protect fresh water.我们都需要尽自己的一份力量来保护淡水。(教材P24)
①protect /prəˈtekt/v. 保护;防护
词形变化:过去式 protected;过去分词 protected;现在分词 protecting;名词 protection;形容词 protective
【用法辨析】
(1)protect … from/against … 保护…… 免受……
protect … from …侧重阻挡较小的伤害、侵害
例句:Trees protect us from the hot sun.树木保护我们免受烈日暴晒。
protect … against …侧重抵御重大危险、灾害
例句:We should protect animals against danger.我们应该保护动物远离危险。
【固定搭配】
(1)protect sth./sb. 保护某物 / 某人
(2)protect … from … 保护…… 免受……
(3)protect … against … 防御 / 抵御……
(4)protection n. 保护
(5)protective adj. 防护的,保护的
【易混辨析】
protect /prevent
(1)protect:保护(使不受伤害)
(2)prevent:阻止(阻止某事发生),搭配 prevent … from doing sth.
【即时小练】
1. We should try our best ______ the wild animals from danger.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected
答案:B
解析:句意:我们应该尽全力保护野生动物远离危险。固定搭配 try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事,后面接不定式 to do。故选B。
知识点9:And taking your bike instead creates no pollution at all!而且改用骑自行车,完全不会产生污染!(教材P24)
①instead /ɪnˈsted/ adv. 代替;取而代之;反而
【用法辨析】
(1)instead(副词):单独用,放在句首 / 句尾
例句:I don’t take the bus. I ride a bike instead.我不坐公交,我改骑自行车。
(2)instead of + 名词 / 代词 /doing:而不是……of 是介词,后面动词必须加 ing
例句:I ride a bike instead of taking the bus.我骑自行车,而不是坐公交。
✅ 一句话区分:
没有宾语,直接用 instead;
后面要接对象,用instead of …
【固定搭配】
(1)instead 取而代之(副词)
(2)instead of sth./doing sth. 而不是……
【易混辨析】
instead /instead of
(1)instead:副词,单独使用,后面不加内容
(2)instead of:短语介词,后面必须接名词、代词、动名词
【即时小练】
1. I won’t drive. I will walk ______.
A. instead B. instead of C. take place D. take place of
答案:A
解析:句意:我不开车,我改走路。空格在句末,后面没有宾语,用副词 instead;instead of 后面必须接名词 /doing;take place 表示发生,不符合句意。故选A。
知识点10:Consider reusing them instead of buying new ones.考虑重复利用它们,而不是买新的。(教材P26)
①consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/v. 考虑;认为
词形变化:过去式 considered;过去分词 considered;现在分词 considering
【用法辨析】
(1)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事(重点考点!后面接动名词,不接 to do)
例句:I consider going there by bike.我考虑骑自行车去那里。
(2)consider sb./sth. (as) + 名词 把…… 看作……
例句:We consider him (as) our friend.我们把他看作我们的朋友。
(3)consider + that 从句 认为……
例句:I consider that it is a good way.我认为这是一个好办法。
【固定搭配】
(1)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
(2)consider … (as) … 把…… 看作……
(3)be considered as … 被看作……
【易混辨析】
consider(考虑)vs think(想,认为)
consider:侧重认真思考、斟酌;
think:普通的思考、想法。
✅ 背诵口诀
consider 表考虑,后面 doing 要牢记;
表 “认为” 有两种,as 或者从句记!
【即时小练】
(1)Why not consider ______ old things again?
A. reuse B. to reuse C. reusing D. reused
答案:C
解析:句意:为什么不考虑再次重复利用旧物品呢?固定搭配 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事,consider 后只能接动名词,不能接 to do。故选C。
(2)We consider this way ______ a good way to protect the earth.
A. as B. for C. with D. at
答案:A
解析:句意:我们把这种方式看作保护地球的好方法。consider … as … 把…… 看作……,固定介词搭配。故选A。
知识点11:This idea holds that human beings are a part of the natural world and that our wellbeing depends on living in harmony with nature.这个观点认为,人类是自然界的一部分,我们的幸福安康有赖于与自然和谐共处。(教材P28)
①depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠;依赖;取决于
词形变化:过去式 depended;过去分词 depended;现在分词 depending
【用法辨析】
(1)depend on sb./sth. 依靠、依赖某人 / 某物
例句:Children depend on their parents.孩子依靠父母。
(2)depend on doing sth. 依靠做某事;取决于做某事(on 是介词,后面动词要加 ing)
例句:Success depends on working hard.成功取决于努力。
(3)depend on + 从句 取决于……
例句:It depends on whether you try your best.这取决于你是否尽力。
口语常用:It depends.看情况。
【固定搭配】
(1)depend on = depend upon 依靠;取决于
(2)It depends. 看情况。
【易混辨析】
depend on(依靠、取决于,不能直接加宾语,必须带 on)
【背诵口诀】
depend 是依靠,on 不能跑;
on 是介词,后面 doing 要记牢!
【即时小练】
(1)Our health depends ______ keeping a good habit.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
答案:B
解析:句意:我们的健康取决于保持良好的习惯。固定搭配 depend on,意为 “依靠、取决于”。故选A。
知识点12:The town lay in the midst of nice farms with fields of grain and hillsides of fruit trees.这座城镇坐落在一片片宜人的农场之中,农场里有谷物田地,山坡上长满果树。(教材P30)
①lie /laɪ/
(1)含义 1:位于;躺(不及物动词,无宾语)
变形:lie(原形)— lay(过去式)— lain(过去分词)— lying(现在分词)
(2)含义 2:说谎(不及物动词)
变形:lie(原形)— lied(过去式)— lied(过去分词)— lying(现在分词)
(3)易混:lay /leɪ/ 放置;下蛋(及物动词)
变形:lay(原形)— laid(过去式)— laid(过去分词)— laying(现在分词)
【例句】
(1)The village lies by the river. 村庄坐落在河边。(一般现在时,位于)
(2)He lay on the bed. 他躺在床上。(lie 躺,过去式 lay)
(3)Don’t lie to me. 别对我撒谎。(lie 说谎)
(4)Lay the book on the desk. 把书放在桌上。(lay 放置)
【背诵口诀】
(1)lie 躺、位于,lielaylain;
(2)lie 说谎,lieliedlied;
(3)lay 放置、下蛋,laylaidlaid
【即时小练】
(1)The small village ______ at the foot of the mountain last year.
A. lie B. lay C. laid D. lied
答案:B
解析:句意:这个小村庄(过去)坐落在山脚下。lie 表示 “位于”,过去式 lay。故选B。
知识点13:Along the roads, various plants and wildflowers delighted the traveller’s eye through much of the year.一年中的大部分时间里,沿路各式各样的植物与野花都让旅人赏心悦目。(教材P30)
through词性:介词 prep. / 副词 adv.
【用法辨析】
(1)表空间:从物体内部穿过(隧道、森林、城市、门窗)
(2)表时间:自始至终、贯穿整个时段
(3)表方式 / 原因:凭借;由于
(4)表状态:完成、结束(副词)
【固定搭配】
(1)through much of the year 一年中大部分时间
(2)go through 穿过;经历;查阅
(3)look through 浏览;仔细查看
(4)get through 通过;接通电话;完成
(5)all through 一直;自始至终
(6)through and through 完全地,彻头彻尾
【易混辨析】
单词
含义
核心区别
例句
through
穿过
内部穿过
walk through the forest 穿过森林
across
横穿
表面跨过
walk across the river 蹚过河
【知识拓展】
(1)past:从旁边经过(不进入、不跨越)→ walk past the shop 走过商店
(2)over:从上方越过(悬空跨过)→ jump over the wall 跳过墙
例句:
(1)The sunlight comes through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来(内部)
(2)She swam across the lake. 她游过湖面(表面)
(3)He walked past me. 他从我身边走过(旁边)
(4)The bird flew over the house. 小鸟飞过房子上方(上空)
【背诵口诀】
across 表面跨,through 里面穿;
past 旁边过,over 上方翻;
时间从头到尾,也用 through 来填!
【即时小练】
(1)We enjoyed warm sunshine ______ the whole winter.
A. across B. through C. over D. past
答案:B
解析:句意:整个冬天我们都享受温暖的阳光。through 表示贯穿整个时间段。故选B。
单元语法:构词法
一、合成法
定义:把两个或多个独立单词拼在一起,组成一个新单词。
特点:不需要加前缀后缀,新词意思大多和两个原词有关。
例子:
(1)class(班级)+room(房间)→ classroom 教室
(2)sun(太阳)+flower(花)→ sunflower 向日葵
(3)home(家)+work(工作)→ homework 家庭作业
二、派生法
定义:在一个单词(词根)前面加前缀,或者后面加后缀,变成新词。
前缀:一般改变词义,不改变词性
例:happy(开心的,adj.)→ unhappy(不开心的,adj.)
后缀:大多改变词性,词义变化不大
例:work(v. 工作)→ worker(n. 工人)
care(v. 小心)→ careful(adj. 仔细的)
三、转化法
定义:单词拼写不变,不用加前缀后缀,在句子里充当不同成分,变成不同词性;单词是什么词性,由它在句子里的作用决定。
简单一句话:同一个词,形不变,词性变,意思跟着变。
【例句精讲】
(1)water
That way, the wind and water don’t carry the soil away.这样,风和水就不会把土壤冲走。
解析:water 在本句和 wind 并列,作主语,名词 n.,意思:水
Please remember to water your plants.记得给你的植物浇水。
解析:to 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:浇水。
(2)show
The show starts on March 21.这场演出在 3 月 21 日开始。
解析:the 后面,在句子作主语,名词 n.,意思:节目、演出
Mary will show you the best way to grow roses.玛丽会给你展示种玫瑰最好的方法。
解析:will 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:展示
(3)try
Let me have a try.让我试一试。
解析:a 后面要接名词,名词 n.,意思:尝试
I will try to improve myself.我会努力提升自己。
解析:will 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:尝试、努力
(4)book
Marco Polo wrote a famous book about his travels to China.马可・波罗写了一本关于他中国之行的著名书籍。
解析:a 后面接名词,名词 n.,意思:书
I will book tickets online.我会在网上订票。
解析:will 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:预订
【拓展知识】
(1)hand n. 手 → v. 传递 hand me the pen 把笔递给我
(2)head n. 头 → v. 朝…… 出发
(3)rain n. 雨 → v. 下雨
(4)smile n. 微笑 → v. 微笑
【判断技巧】
(1)看位置:冠词 a/an/the、形容词后面 → 大概率是名词**
(2)情态动词 will/can/may、to 后面 → 大概率是**动词**
(3)看翻译,结合句子意思验证
【即时小练】
(1)Please ______ the flowers every day.
A. water B. waters C. water’s D. watering
答案:A
解析:本句是祈使句,需要动词原形,water 在这里是动词 “浇水”。故选A。
(2)There is a fashion ______ in our city this weekend.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
答案:A
解析:a 后面接名词,show 名词,演出。故选A。
(3)Can I have a ______?
A. try B. to try C. trying D. tried
答案:A
解析:have a try 固定搭配,try 名词,尝试。故选A。
(4)I want to ______ a room before the trip.
A. book B. books C. booking D. booked
答案:A
解析:want to do,to 后用动词原形,book 动词:预订。故选A。
(5)Which of the following uses “rain” as a noun?
A. It will rain tomorrow. B. The rain is heavy.
C. It rains a lot here. D. Don’t rain on my parade.
答案:B
解析:B 选项 the 后面,rain 是名词 “雨”;其余选项都是动词 “下雨”。故选B。
(时间:30分钟)
一、单词拼写
1. We are ______ (意识到) of the importance of saving water.
【答案】aware
【解析】句意:我们意识到节约用水的重要性。be aware of 是固定搭配,意为 “意识到”,故填 aware。
2. Turn off the ______ (水龙头) after you wash your hands.
【答案】tap
【解析】句意:洗完手后关上水龙头。tap 名词,水龙头,符合题意,故填 tap。
3. Please ______ (数数) from one to ten.
【答案】count
【解析】句意:请从一数到十。count 动词,数数;本句是祈使句,用动词原形,故填 count。
4. The date of his ______ (出生) is on June 1st.
【答案】birth
【解析】句意:他的出生日期是 6 月 1 日。birth 名词,出生;the date of birth 出生日期,固定短语,故填 birth。
5. He spent his ______ (青春) in the countryside.
【答案】youth
【解析】句意:他在乡下度过了青春时光。youth 名词,青春,故填 youth。
6. ______ (任何人) can take part in this activity.
【答案】Anybody
【解析】句意:任何人都可以参加这项活动。anybody 代词,任何人;句首首字母大写,故填 Anybody。
二、单项选择
1.—We are free this evening. Shall we go out for a walk?
—It is foggy. Why ________ a film at home ________?
A.not watch; instead B.not to watch; instead
C.not watch; instead of D.don’t watch; instead of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我们今晚有空。我们出去散步好吗?——有雾。为什么不在家看电影呢?
考查固定句型、副词和介词短语辨析。第一空,why not do sth表示“为什么不做某事”,用于提建议,后接动词原形;第二空,instead作副词,表示“代替”,可单独用于句末,instead of是介词短语,后需接宾语,但此处空在句末,表示“代替”,故用instead。故选A。
2.My mother provides me ________ fresh fruit every day.
A.for B.to C.with D.at
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我妈妈每天给我提供新鲜的水果。
for为了;to到;with用;at在。固定搭配:provide sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”;provide sth. for sb.意为“把某物提供给某人”,此处宾语是人,应填with。
3.The girl ________ a hard time but never gave up.
A.went through B.looked through C.went for D.looked up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个女孩经历了一段艰难的时光,但从未放弃。
went through经历 (苦难、时期);looked through浏览;went for去争取;looked up查阅。根据句中“a hard time”及后半句“never gave up”可知,此处表示经历一段艰难的时光,went through符合语境及搭配习惯,其他选项均不符合句意。
4.When I walked into the living room, I saw my little sister ________ on the sofa.
A.lie B.lay C.lying D.to lie
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我走进客厅时,我看见我的小妹妹正躺在沙发上。
根据语境,走进房间的瞬间看到妹妹正躺在沙发上,此处强调动作正在进行,应是固定结构see sb. doing sth.“看到某人正在做某事”,空处是lying。
5.—I am thinking of going back to school to visit my teachers.
—________.
A.It all depends B.Go for it C.Never mind D.No wonder
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我正在考虑回学校看望我的老师。——去吧。
考查情景交际。It all depends看情况而定;Go for it放手向前;Never mind别介意;No wonder难怪。根据“I am thinking of going back to school to visit my teachers.”可知,对方打算去看望老师,此处应用表示鼓励的话。故选B。
三、完成句子
1. 我们应该把垃圾分成四类。
We should ______ rubbish ______ four different categories.
【答案】sort; into
【解析】sort…into… 把…… 分成……;should 后接动词原形。
2. 我听见他正在谈论垃圾分类制度。
I heard him ______ ______ the rubbish sorting system.
【答案】talking about
【解析】hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事;talk about 谈论。
3. 森林在保护环境方面发挥着重要作用。
Forests ______ an important ______ in protecting the environment.
【答案】play; role
【解析】play an important role in… 在…… 中起重要作用,固定搭配。
4. 大自然为我们提供各种各样的资源。
Nature ______ us ______ all kinds of resources.
【答案】provides; with
【解析】provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物;主语 nature 为单数,一般现在时用 provides。
5. 人类活动对自然环境有巨大的影响。
Human activities ______ a great ______ on nature.
【答案】have; impact
【解析】have a great impact on… 对…… 产生巨大影响。
6. 对我们来说保护地球是很重要的。
______ important ______ us ______ protect the earth.
【答案】It’s; for; to
【解析】It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……
7. 山上终年被绿树覆盖。
The mountain ______ ______ ______ green trees all year round.
【答案】is covered with
【解析】be covered with 被…… 覆盖(表状态),主语 the mountain 单数。
8. 我们应该保护野生动物免受危险。
We should protect wild animals ______ danger.
【答案】from/against
【解析】protect…from/against… 保护…… 免受……
9. 我们可以骑自行车代替开车。
We can ride bikes ______ ______ driving cars.
【答案】instead of
【解析】instead of + doing sth. 而不是……
10. 他考虑重复利用旧物品来节约资源。
He considers ______ old things to save resources.
【答案】reusing
【解析】consider doing sth. 考虑做某事,consider 后接动名词。
四、完形填空
根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Great changes are happening around us. When Wang Tao was little, his hometown was a quiet village. People lived simple lives. Roads were narrow and there were few buses. Most people went out 1 foot.
Years went by. More factories came. Jobs increased. People’s lives became 2 . New wide roads were built. More cars appeared. But new problems also 3 . Factories produced lots of waste. Black smoke filled the sky. Rubbish was thrown everywhere. The clean river became dirty. Many fish 4 .
People realized the serious environmental problems. The local government decided to 5 action. Some polluting factories were closed. Workers cleaned the river. More trees 6 on the hills. Schools taught students about environmental 7 . More citizens (市民) started to sort rubbish and choose low-carbon lifestyles.
Now Wang Tao’s hometown looks quite 8 . The sky is blue again, and the river is clean once more. But the fight against pollution will never 9 . Protecting the planet is not only the job of the government. Every common person has a 10 to play. Small actions can make a big difference to our greener home.
1.A.in B.on C.by D.with
2.A.poorer B.harder C.richer D.quieter
3.A.appeared B.disappeared C.missed D.avoided
4.A.lived B.died C.grew D.swam
5.A.make B.do C.take D.give
6.A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planting
7.A.protection B.population C.progress D.purpose
8.A.terrible B.different C.difficult D.dangerous
9.A.start B.begin C.stop D.continue
10.A.joke B.role C.game D.risk
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B
【导语】本文讲述王涛家乡从贫穷到发展再到污染,最后政府与民众共同努力保护环境,恢复生态的故事。
【详解】1.句意:大多数人步行外出。
固定短语on foot 表示“步行”。in在……里面;by通过;with和,均不能与foot搭配表示交通方式。
2.句意:人们的生活变得更富裕了。
根据前文“工厂增多、工作增多”可知经济好转,richer“更富裕”符合语境。poorer更贫穷;harder更艰难,与经济发展语境相反,quieter更安静,不符合生活改善的逻辑。
3.句意:但是新问题也出现了。
根据转折连词But及后文描述污染问题,可知问题产生,故选appeared“出现”。disappeared消失;missed错过;avoided避免,均不符合问题随之产生的语境。
4.句意:许多鱼死了。
根据前文“河水变脏”可知污染导致鱼无法生存,died死亡,符合语境。lived居住;grew成长;swam游泳,与严重污染导致的后果不符。
5.句意:当地政府决定采取行动。
固定搭配take action表示“采取行动”。make制作;do做;give给,均不与action搭配表示此意。
6.句意:山上种了更多的树。
树是被种且动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时的被动语态,故选were planted。A/B为主动语态,D为进行时,均不符。
7.句意:学校教学生关于环境保护的知识。
根据上下文环保主题及environmental搭配,protection保护,符合。population人口;progress进步;purpose目标,都和语境不匹配。
8.句意:现在王涛的家乡看起来大不相同。
经过一系列整治,家乡的样子和之前大不相同,different不同的。terrible糟糕的;difficult困难的;dangerous危险的,都不符合现在天蓝水清的现状。
9.句意:但对抗污染的战斗永远不会停止。
根据环保是持续过程及never表示否定,可知选stop停止。start/begin“开始”与never搭配逻辑不通,continue与never搭配意为“永不继续”,不符。
10.句意:每个普通人都有角色要扮演。
固定搭配play a role表示“发挥作用”,这里指每个普通人都能为保护地球出一份力。joke笑话;game游戏;risk风险,均不与play搭配表示此意。
五、阅读理解
There are challenges to recycling clothes and shoes. Many of them are difficult to recycle, so lots of old clothes and shoes become waste. But a company in France is trying to make recycling easier and more popular with new technology.
The company is called CETIA.It has built two special machines that use artificial intelligence(AI) to help recycle clothes and shoes. With AI technology, one machine can find and cut off zippers (拉链) and buttons (纽扣) on clothes quickly. The other machine can pull off soles (鞋底)from shoes easily, which was very hard for people to do before.
This sounds simple, but no one has ever done it before. “No one was recycling soles because it was hard to separate them from shoes,” said Chloe Salmon Legagneur, director of CETIA.In the past, people had to put the shoes in an oven to melt the glue and pull off the soles by hand. But CETIA’s machine can do it much faster and better.
Some clothes can be recycled into materials for houses or roads. But most clothes cannot be easily turned into new clothes. That is because clothes have different materials that must be separated carefully by hand. This usually takes a long time and costs a lot of money. However, CETIA’s machine can do the separation faster and better than people. It can even separate clothes by color and material, making it easier to recycle old clothes into new ones.
Recycling clothes and shoes is important because it reduces waste and protects the environment. It can also create new jobs for people. CETIA is doing amazing work by developing these useful recycling machines. They’re showing us that with smart thinking and new technology, we can find good ways to solve big environmental problems.
1.It’s clear that CETIA is________.
A.a clothing store B.a cleaning business
C.a technology company D.an environmental organization
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pulling off soles from shoes.
B.Separating clothes by color and material.
C.Cutting off zippers and buttons on clothes.
D.Putting the shoes on an oven to melt the glue.
3.What does the writer think about the two machines?
A.He finds them amazing B.He thinks they’re helpless.
C.He believes they need improvement. D.He worries about their future.
4.What will happen to old clothes due to (因为) the new machine?
A.They will be sold in Africa. B.They will be made into new materials.
C.They will be made into shoes. D.They will be made into new clothes.
5.The writer wrote the passage to ________.
A.explain the importance of recycling
B.introduce a company and its inventions
C.call for people to protect the environment
D.make a report on a company’s achievements
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了法国一家名为 CETIA 的科技公司,利用人工智能机器帮助回收衣物和鞋子,解决了传统回收方式耗时费力的问题,展现了科技创新在环保领域的应用。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But a company in France is trying to make recycling easier and more popular with new technology.”和第二段“It has built two special machines that use artificial intelligence(AI) to help recycle clothes and shoes.”可知,CETIA是一家利用新技术和人工智能机器进行回收的公司,因此它是一家科技公司。
2.词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“No one was recycling soles because it was hard to separate them from shoes... But CETIA’s machine can do it much faster and better.”可推知,前文提到没人回收鞋底是因为很难分离,后文说机器能做得更好,因此“it”指代的是从鞋子上分离鞋底这一行为。
3.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“CETIA is doing amazing work by developing these useful recycling machines.”可知,作者认为 CETIA 开发这些有用的回收机器是在做了不起的工作,由此可推断作者认为这些机器令人惊叹。
4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段"However, CETIA’s machine can do the separation faster and better than people. It can even separate clothes by color and material, making it easier to recycle old clothes into new ones.“可知,新机器使旧衣服更容易被回收制成新衣服。
5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕法国公司CETIA及其发明的两台回收机器展开,介绍了它们的功能、优势及意义,因此作者写作目的是介绍一家公司及其发明。
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,根据语境或单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
As far as I know, China, with 9,600,000 square kilometres, has the 1 (two) largest population in Asia. The eastern part faces the Pacific Ocean. It has many endangered animals. The list 2 (include) the huge whales living in the sea, the“ships of the desert”— camels and so on.
The excitement of touring attracts many foreign 3 (travel) to visit China every year. When you have 4 tour, you’ll find many famous places, such as the Great Wall, the longest man-made wall in the world. It’s one of the greatest 5 (wonder) in the world. It’s more than 6,000 kilometres long and wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side.
Another amazing place is the Qomolangma. It is the 6 (high) mountain in the world. It’s up to 8,848.86 metres high. Thick snow covers the top all year round. 7 it’s hard to take in air near the top in the freezing weather conditions, many people still want to challenge 8 (they) in the face of difficulties. Some reached the top 9 (successful) and achieved their dreams. Climbing Qomolangma is a great 10 (achieve) for them.
【答案】
1.second 2.includes 3.travelers/travellers 4.a 5.wonders 6.highest
7.Although/Though 8.themselves 9.successfully 0.achievement
【导语】这是一篇说明文,介绍中国的国土概况、濒危动物、长城以及珠穆朗玛峰,展现中国的自然与人文特色。
【详解】1.句意:据我所知,面积960万平方公里的中国拥有亚洲第二多的人口。依据原文“has the…largest population in Asia”,句中存在范围限定“in Asia”,是在亚洲范围内做排序,定冠词the后接序数词表达排名,two对应的序数词是second。
2.句意:这份清单包括生活在海洋里的巨型鲸鱼、“沙漠之舟”骆驼等等。依据原文“The list…the huge whales living in the sea…”,上文刚提到中国有许多濒危动物,本句承接上文,说明清单的内容;主语The list为单数概念,全文主体时态为一般现在时,谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式,include变形为includes。
3.句意:游览的乐趣每年吸引很多外国游客来中国游玩。依据原文“attracts many foreign…to visit China every year”,前文介绍了中国多样的动植物资源,引出旅游吸引力;形容词foreign修饰名词,many提示此处要用可数名词复数,travel转化为表示“游客”的名词,复数形式是travelers或travellers。
4.句意:当你进行一次旅行的时候,你会发现很多著名的地方,例如长城,世界上最长的人造城墙。依据原文“When you have…tour”,本句承接上一句游客来华旅游的语境,引出游览途中可以见到的名胜;固定搭配have a tour表示“旅行”,tour是以辅音音素开头的单数名词,用不定冠词a。
5.句意:它是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。依据原文“It’s one of the greatest…in the world”,本句继续介绍长城,在全世界范围内评价长城;固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数,表示“最……之一”,wonder的复数形式是wonders。
6.句意:它是世界上最高的山峰。依据原文“It is the…mountain in the world”,本句开启新的段落,转而去介绍另一处世界级景观珠穆朗玛峰,“in the world”划定比较范围,在全世界所有山峰里对比,要用形容词最高级,high的最高级是highest。
7.句意:虽然在严寒的环境下,山顶附近很难吸入空气,但是很多人依旧想要在困难面前挑战自我。依据原文“…it’s hard to take in air near the top in the freezing weather conditions, many people still want to challenge…”,前半句讲述登顶珠峰客观上存在巨大困难,后半句说人们依然愿意尝试,前后语义形成让步转折关系,用连词Although或者Though引导让步状语从句。
8.句意:虽然在严寒的环境下,山顶附近很难吸入空气,但是很多人依旧想要在困难面前挑战自我。依据原文“many people still want to challenge…in the face of difficulties”,结合语境,人们登山是挑战自己,challenge oneself是固定表达“挑战自我”,主语many people是复数,对应的反身代词是themselves。
9.句意:一些人成功登顶,实现了他们的梦想。依据原文“Some reached the top…and achieved their dreams”,本句承接上文人们勇于挑战的内容,讲述部分登山者取得的结果;修饰动词短语reached the top,需要使用副词,successful对应的副词形式是successfully。
10.句意:攀登珠穆朗玛峰对他们来说是一项伟大的成就。依据原文“Climbing Qomolangma is a great…for them”,本句对前面登顶这件事做总结评价,形容词great后面接名词,achieve对应的名词形式是achievement。
6
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
1 / 27
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
Unit 2 Save the earth(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕Save the earth(拯救地球 / 保护环境)主题,复习环保行动、自然见闻、环保感悟的表达。
2、重点掌握垃圾分类、自然资源、环保行为、自然事物、环境影响等相关词汇和短语。
3、能用一般过去时讲述一次环保相关的经历;能用不定代词描述人或事物;能运用 It 作形式主语、play a role in、provide…with、depend on等核心句型表达观点。
4、能围绕‘看到了什么、做了哪些环保行动、有什么收获与感悟’进行口头和书面表达,树立保护自然、人与自然和谐共处的环保意识。
复习重难点
重点:构词法;复合不定代词的用法;描述环境保护的重点句型。
难点:构词法;能围绕‘看到了什么、做了哪些环保行动、有什么收获与感悟’进行口头和书面表达,树立保护自然、人与自然和谐共处的环保意识。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:Let’s sort rubbish!让我们来垃圾分类吧!(教材P18)
① rubbish:不可数名词,垃圾;废弃物。
【固定搭配】
1.sort rubbish 垃圾分类
2. rubbish sorting system 垃圾分类制度
3. throw away rubbish 扔垃圾
4. a rubbish bin 垃圾桶
【知识拓展】
英文
中文
用法
例句
trash
垃圾
与 rubbish 同义,不可数
Take out the trash, please. 请把垃圾拿出去。
garbage
垃圾
侧重厨余 / 废物,不可数
The garbage smells bad. 这些垃圾很臭。
litter
乱丢的垃圾
不可数,强调散落的废弃物
There is litter on the ground. 地上有散落的垃圾。
waste
废弃物
正式用语,可作不可数名词
Food waste can be composted. 厨余垃圾可以堆肥。
recycle
回收
动词,recyclable 为形容词
Paper can be recycled and reused. 纸张可以回收再利用。
②sort动词;分类;整理 过去式 / 过去分词:sorted 现在分词:sorting
sort名词 种类;类别复数:sorts sortable adj.可分类的
【固定搭配】
1. sort sth 把某物分类 / 整理
We sort rubbish every day.我们每天给垃圾分类。
2. sort sth into… 把某物分成……(本课核心搭配!)
Our rubbish should be sorted into four different categories.垃圾应该被分成四个不同类别。
被动形式:be sorted into 被分成……
3. sort out 整理;理清;解决
Please sort out your books. 请整理好你的书本。
He sorted out the problem. 他解决了这个问题。
4. a sort of … 一种……
It is a sort of new bag. 这是一种新袋子。
5. all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样的
There are all sorts of waste. 有各种各样的废弃物。
【易混辨析】
单词
词性
侧重点
例句
sort
n.
普通用词,口语化;常构成短语 all sorts of;也可作动词表 “分类”
There are all sorts of rubbish in the bin.
垃圾桶里有各种各样的垃圾。
kind
n.
最通用,日常使用频率最高;短语 all kinds of
Paper is a kind of recyclable waste.
纸是一种可回收垃圾。
category
n.
正式用语,指按照标准、规则划分出来的类别(本课垃圾分类专用)
Rubbish is divided into four categories.
垃圾被划分为四个类别。
知识点2:But first, did you hear about the rubbish sorting system?但是首先,你听说过垃圾分类制度吗?(教材P18)
①hear v. 听见;听到
词形变化:过去式:heard;过去分词:heard;现在分词:hearing
【用法辨析】
1. hear v. 听见;听到(强调听到的结果,不是 “听” 这个动作)
hear sb. /sth. 听见某人 / 某物I can hear a bird. 我能听见一只鸟(的叫声)。
2.hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事(听到全过程)
I heard him talk about rubbish sorting. 我听见他谈论垃圾分类。
3.hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事(听到动作正在发生)
I heard them talking about the new system. 我听见他们正在谈论新制度。
【固定搭配】
1. hear about 听说
Did you hear about the rubbish sorting system? 你听说垃圾分类制度了吗?
2. hear of 听说;知道有……
I have never heard of this rule. 我从没听说过这条规定。
3. hear from 收到…… 的来信;得到…… 消息
I hear from my friend every month. 我每个月收到朋友的来信。
【易混辨析】
知识点3:Each living thing has a role to play in keeping the balance of life on the earth.每一种生物在维持地球上生命的平衡中都发挥着作用。(教材P18)
①role n. 角色;作用,职能 复数:roles
【用法讲解】
1. have a role to play 发挥作用、负有职责
原句:Each living thing has a role to play in keeping the balance of life on the earth.
译:每一种生物在维持地球上生命的平衡中都发挥着作用。
2. play a role (in sth.) 在…… 中起作用;在…… 中扮演角色
例句 1:She plays an important role in our team.她在我们团队里起着重要作用。
例句 2:Forests play a key role in protecting the environment.森林在保护环境方面起到关键作用。
3. play the role of… 扮演…… 的角色(影视 / 戏剧)
例句:He played the role of a doctor in the movie.他在这部电影里扮演一名医生。
【易混辨析】
role / part
(1)role:侧重 作用、职能,也可指戏剧角色,书面常用,`play a role in`
(2)part:更口语,‘play a part in’ 和 ‘play a role in’ 大多时候可以互换;part 还可以表示 “部分”
【拓展搭配】
leading role 主角;主要作用
important role 重要作用
key role 关键作用
【即时小练】
1. Trees play an important ______ (role/hear) in cleaning the air.
知识点4:Our connection to nature goes beyond just the physical resources it provides.我们与自然的联系,远不止它所提供的物质资源。(教材P20)
①beyond prep. 超出;除…… 之外;在…… 另一边
词形变化:无变形(介词 / 副词)
【用法辨析】
1. beyond prep. 除…… 之外
go beyond… 超出;不止
例句:The story goes beyond a simple love story.这个故事不只是一个简单的爱情故事。
2. beyond prep. 超过(范围、限度)
例句:The town is beyond those mountains.小镇在群山的另一边。
3. beyond prep. 无法(理解、描述等)
例句:It is beyond my understanding.这超出了我的理解范围。
【固定搭配】
go beyond 超出;不止
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
beyond one’s ability 超出某人能力范围
【易混辨析】
beyond /over
beyond:侧重抽象意义 “超出、不止”,也可指位置远于
over:多指数量、高度上超过
②provide v. 提供;供给
词形变化:过去式:provided;过去分词:provided;现在分词:providing
【用法辨析】
1. provide sth. 提供某物(本句:the physical resources it provides 它提供的物质资源)
例句:The school provides books. 学校提供书籍。
2. provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某(最常考)
例句:The farm provides us with fresh vegetables.农场为我们提供新鲜蔬菜。
3. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
例句:The farm provides fresh vegetables for us.
【固定搭配】
provide for 供养;抚养;为…… 做准备
【易混辨析】
provide /offer
provide:侧重免费、主动供给所需物品,固定搭配 provide sb. with sth.
offer:侧重主动提出(邀请、帮助),offer sb. sth. /offer to do sth.
【即时小练】
1. The service goes ______ (beyond/provide) our expectation.
2. Trees ______ (provide/beyond) fresh air for us.
知识点5:We are part of this interconnected web of life, and our actions can have a big impact on the world around us.我们是这张相互关联的生命之网中的一部分,我们的行为会对周围的世界产生巨大影响。(教材P20)
①impact /ˈɪmpækt/(名词);/ɪmˈpækt/(动词)n. 影响;作用;冲击 v. 对…… 产生影响
词形变化:复数:impacts;过去式 impacted;过去分词 impacted;现在分词 impacting
【用法辨析】
1. have an impact on… 对…… 产生影响
例句:Pollution has a bad impact on our health.污染对我们的健康有不好的影响。
2. n. 冲击,撞击
例句:The impact of the wave broke the rock.海浪的冲击击碎了岩石。
3. v. 影响
例句:Climate change impacts all living things.气候变化影响所有生物。
【固定搭配】
(1)have a big/great impact on… 对…… 有巨大影响
(2)have a positive impact on… 对…… 有积极影响
(3)have a negative impact on… 对…… 有消极影响
【易混辨析】
impact / influence
(1)impact:侧重较强、重大的冲击性影响,固定搭配: have an impact on
(2)influence:侧重潜移默化、长期的熏陶影响,固定搭配: have an influence on sb.
【即时小练】
1. Human activities have a great ______ (impact) on nature.
知识点6:It’s important for us to take care of nature and build a beautiful world of harmony among all beings on the planet.对我们来说,爱护自然、在地球上构建一个万物和谐的美好世界十分重要。(教材P20)
①It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It 是形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to do sth.,避免句子头重脚轻。
【用法辨析】
(1)It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
形容词描述事情本身(important, easy, hard, difficult, necessary, possible)
例句:It is easy for me to finish the work.完成这项工作对我来说很容易。
(2)It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.
形容词描述人的品质(kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude, careful)
例句:It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我,真好。
【知识拓展】it 作形式主语的其他句型
(1) It is + n. + to do sth.(做某事是一件…… 的事)
例句:It is our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
(2) It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.(花费某人多长时间做某事)
例句:It takes us years to know the power of nature.我们花很多年才了解自然的力量。
(3) It seems + that 从句(似乎……)
例句:It seems that nature is sending us a warning.大自然似乎在向我们发出警示。
(4) It is said that…(据说……)
例句:It is said that forests are the lungs of the earth.据说森林是地球之肺。
(5) It is reported that…(据报道……)
例句:It is reported that many wild animals are losing homes.据报道,很多野生动物正在失去家园。
(6) It is wellknown that…(众所周知……)
例句:It is wellknown that all living things depend on water.众所周知,所有生物都依赖水生存。
【即时小练】
1. It’s necessary ______ (for/of) us to protect trees.
2. It’s clever ______ (for/of) him to work out the problem.
3. It ______ (take) us an hour to plant trees yesterday.
知识点7:Isn’t the planet covered with water?这颗星球不被水覆盖着吗?(教材P22)
①cover v. 覆盖;遮盖;包含;行走(一段路程);报道n. 封面;盖子;掩护
词形变化:过去式 covered;过去分词 covered;现在分词 covering
【用法辨析】
(1)be covered with… 被…… 覆盖
例句:The ground is covered with snow.地面被白雪覆盖。
区分:be covered by 多表动作的被动,常接人;be covered with 侧重状态,上面布满某物
(2)v. 遮盖,盖住
例句:Cover your mouth when you cough.咳嗽时捂住嘴。
(3)v. 包含;涉及
例句:This book covers many environmental problems.这本书涉及很多环境问题。
(4)v. 行走(路程)
例句:We covered 10 kilometres today.我们今天走了 10 公里。
(5)n. 封面;封皮
例句:I like the cover of this magazine.我喜欢这本杂志的封面。
【固定搭配】
(1)be covered with 被…… 覆盖
(2)cover up 掩盖;遮盖
(3)cover an area of 占地面积为……
(4)from cover to cover 从头到尾(读一本书)
【易混辨析】
cover /discover
(1)cover:覆盖;
(2)discover:发现(dis 否定前缀 + cover,把遮盖的东西掀开→发现)
【即时小练】
(1)The mountain ______ green trees all year round.
A. cover B. is covered with C. covers with D. is covered by
知识点8:We all need to do our part to protect fresh water.我们都需要尽自己的一份力量来保护淡水。(教材P24)
①protect /prəˈtekt/v. 保护;防护
词形变化:过去式 protected;过去分词 protected;现在分词 protecting;名词 protection;形容词 protective
【用法辨析】
(1)protect … from/against … 保护…… 免受……
protect … from …侧重阻挡较小的伤害、侵害
例句:Trees protect us from the hot sun.树木保护我们免受烈日暴晒。
protect … against …侧重抵御重大危险、灾害
例句:We should protect animals against danger.我们应该保护动物远离危险。
【固定搭配】
(1)protect sth./sb. 保护某物 / 某人
(2)protect … from … 保护…… 免受……
(3)protect … against … 防御 / 抵御……
(4)protection n. 保护
(5)protective adj. 防护的,保护的
【易混辨析】
protect /prevent
(1)protect:保护(使不受伤害)
(2)prevent:阻止(阻止某事发生),搭配 prevent … from doing sth.
【即时小练】
1. We should try our best ______ the wild animals from danger.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected
知识点9:And taking your bike instead creates no pollution at all!而且改用骑自行车,完全不会产生污染!(教材P24)
①instead /ɪnˈsted/ adv. 代替;取而代之;反而
【用法辨析】
(1)instead(副词):单独用,放在句首 / 句尾
例句:I don’t take the bus. I ride a bike instead.我不坐公交,我改骑自行车。
(2)instead of + 名词 / 代词 /doing:而不是……of 是介词,后面动词必须加 ing
例句:I ride a bike instead of taking the bus.我骑自行车,而不是坐公交。
✅ 一句话区分:
没有宾语,直接用 instead;
后面要接对象,用instead of …
【固定搭配】
(1)instead 取而代之(副词)
(2)instead of sth./doing sth. 而不是……
【易混辨析】
instead /instead of
(1)instead:副词,单独使用,后面不加内容
(2)instead of:短语介词,后面必须接名词、代词、动名词
【即时小练】
1. I won’t drive. I will walk ______.
A. instead B. instead of C. take place D. take place of
知识点10:Consider reusing them instead of buying new ones.考虑重复利用它们,而不是买新的。(教材P26)
①consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/v. 考虑;认为
词形变化:过去式 considered;过去分词 considered;现在分词 considering
【用法辨析】
(1)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事(重点考点!后面接动名词,不接 to do)
例句:I consider going there by bike.我考虑骑自行车去那里。
(2)consider sb./sth. (as) + 名词 把…… 看作……
例句:We consider him (as) our friend.我们把他看作我们的朋友。
(3)consider + that 从句 认为……
例句:I consider that it is a good way.我认为这是一个好办法。
【固定搭配】
(1)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
(2)consider … (as) … 把…… 看作……
(3)be considered as … 被看作……
【易混辨析】
consider(考虑)vs think(想,认为)
consider:侧重认真思考、斟酌;
think:普通的思考、想法。
✅ 背诵口诀
consider 表考虑,后面 doing 要牢记;
表 “认为” 有两种,as 或者从句记!
【即时小练】
(1)Why not consider ______ old things again?
A. reuse B. to reuse C. reusing D. reused
(2)We consider this way ______ a good way to protect the earth.
A. as B. for C. with D. at
知识点11:This idea holds that human beings are a part of the natural world and that our wellbeing depends on living in harmony with nature.这个观点认为,人类是自然界的一部分,我们的幸福安康有赖于与自然和谐共处。(教材P28)
①depend /dɪˈpend/v. 依靠;依赖;取决于
词形变化:过去式 depended;过去分词 depended;现在分词 depending
【用法辨析】
(1)depend on sb./sth. 依靠、依赖某人 / 某物
例句:Children depend on their parents.孩子依靠父母。
(2)depend on doing sth. 依靠做某事;取决于做某事(on 是介词,后面动词要加 ing)
例句:Success depends on working hard.成功取决于努力。
(3)depend on + 从句 取决于……
例句:It depends on whether you try your best.这取决于你是否尽力。
口语常用:It depends.看情况。
【固定搭配】
(1)depend on = depend upon 依靠;取决于
(2)It depends. 看情况。
【易混辨析】
depend on(依靠、取决于,不能直接加宾语,必须带 on)
【背诵口诀】
depend 是依靠,on 不能跑;
on 是介词,后面 doing 要记牢!
【即时小练】
(1)Our health depends ______ keeping a good habit.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
知识点12:The town lay in the midst of nice farms with fields of grain and hillsides of fruit trees.这座城镇坐落在一片片宜人的农场之中,农场里有谷物田地,山坡上长满果树。(教材P30)
①lie /laɪ/
(1)含义 1:位于;躺(不及物动词,无宾语)
变形:lie(原形)— lay(过去式)— lain(过去分词)— lying(现在分词)
(2)含义 2:说谎(不及物动词)
变形:lie(原形)— lied(过去式)— lied(过去分词)— lying(现在分词)
(3)易混:lay /leɪ/ 放置;下蛋(及物动词)
变形:lay(原形)— laid(过去式)— laid(过去分词)— laying(现在分词)
【例句】
(1)The village lies by the river. 村庄坐落在河边。(一般现在时,位于)
(2)He lay on the bed. 他躺在床上。(lie 躺,过去式 lay)
(3)Don’t lie to me. 别对我撒谎。(lie 说谎)
(4)Lay the book on the desk. 把书放在桌上。(lay 放置)
【背诵口诀】
(1)lie 躺、位于,lielaylain;
(2)lie 说谎,lieliedlied;
(3)lay 放置、下蛋,laylaidlaid
【即时小练】
(1)The small village ______ at the foot of the mountain last year.
A. lie B. lay C. laid D. lied
知识点13:Along the roads, various plants and wildflowers delighted the traveller’s eye through much of the year.一年中的大部分时间里,沿路各式各样的植物与野花都让旅人赏心悦目。(教材P30)
through词性:介词 prep. / 副词 adv.
【用法辨析】
(1)表空间:从物体内部穿过(隧道、森林、城市、门窗)
(2)表时间:自始至终、贯穿整个时段
(3)表方式 / 原因:凭借;由于
(4)表状态:完成、结束(副词)
【固定搭配】
(1)through much of the year 一年中大部分时间
(2)go through 穿过;经历;查阅
(3)look through 浏览;仔细查看
(4)get through 通过;接通电话;完成
(5)all through 一直;自始至终
(6)through and through 完全地,彻头彻尾
【易混辨析】
单词
含义
核心区别
例句
through
穿过
内部穿过
walk through the forest 穿过森林
across
横穿
表面跨过
walk across the river 蹚过河
【知识拓展】
(1)past:从旁边经过(不进入、不跨越)→ walk past the shop 走过商店
(2)over:从上方越过(悬空跨过)→ jump over the wall 跳过墙
例句:
(1)The sunlight comes through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来(内部)
(2)She swam across the lake. 她游过湖面(表面)
(3)He walked past me. 他从我身边走过(旁边)
(4)The bird flew over the house. 小鸟飞过房子上方(上空)
【背诵口诀】
across 表面跨,through 里面穿;
past 旁边过,over 上方翻;
时间从头到尾,也用 through 来填!
【即时小练】
(1)We enjoyed warm sunshine ______ the whole winter.
A. across B. through C. over D. past
单元语法:构词法
一、合成法
定义:把两个或多个独立单词拼在一起,组成一个新单词。
特点:不需要加前缀后缀,新词意思大多和两个原词有关。
例子:
(1)class(班级)+room(房间)→ classroom 教室
(2)sun(太阳)+flower(花)→ sunflower 向日葵
(3)home(家)+work(工作)→ homework 家庭作业
二、派生法
定义:在一个单词(词根)前面加前缀,或者后面加后缀,变成新词。
前缀:一般改变词义,不改变词性
例:happy(开心的,adj.)→ unhappy(不开心的,adj.)
后缀:大多改变词性,词义变化不大
例:work(v. 工作)→ worker(n. 工人)
care(v. 小心)→ careful(adj. 仔细的)
三、转化法
定义:单词拼写不变,不用加前缀后缀,在句子里充当不同成分,变成不同词性;单词是什么词性,由它在句子里的作用决定。
简单一句话:同一个词,形不变,词性变,意思跟着变。
【例句精讲】
(1)water
That way, the wind and water don’t carry the soil away.这样,风和水就不会把土壤冲走。
解析:water 在本句和 wind 并列,作主语,名词 n.,意思:水
Please remember to water your plants.记得给你的植物浇水。
解析:to 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:浇水。
(2)show
The show starts on March 21.这场演出在 3 月 21 日开始。
解析:the 后面,在句子作主语,名词 n.,意思:节目、演出
Mary will show you the best way to grow roses.玛丽会给你展示种玫瑰最好的方法。
解析:will 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:展示
(3)try
Let me have a try.让我试一试。
解析:a 后面要接名词,名词 n.,意思:尝试
I will try to improve myself.我会努力提升自己。
解析:will 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:尝试、努力
(4)book
Marco Polo wrote a famous book about his travels to China.马可・波罗写了一本关于他中国之行的著名书籍。
解析:a 后面接名词,名词 n.,意思:书
I will book tickets online.我会在网上订票。
解析:will 后面接动词原形,动词 v.,意思:预订
【拓展知识】
(1)hand n. 手 → v. 传递 hand me the pen 把笔递给我
(2)head n. 头 → v. 朝…… 出发
(3)rain n. 雨 → v. 下雨
(4)smile n. 微笑 → v. 微笑
【判断技巧】
(1)看位置:冠词 a/an/the、形容词后面 → 大概率是名词**
(2)情态动词 will/can/may、to 后面 → 大概率是**动词**
(3)看翻译,结合句子意思验证
【即时小练】
(1)Please ______ the flowers every day.
A. water B. waters C. water’s D. watering
(2)There is a fashion ______ in our city this weekend.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
(3)Can I have a ______?
A. try B. to try C. trying D. tried
(4)I want to ______ a room before the trip.
A. book B. books C. booking D. booked
(5)Which of the following uses “rain” as a noun?
A. It will rain tomorrow. B. The rain is heavy.
C. It rains a lot here. D. Don’t rain on my parade.
(时间:30分钟)
一、单词拼写
1. We are ______ (意识到) of the importance of saving water.
2. Turn off the ______ (水龙头) after you wash your hands.
3. Please ______ (数数) from one to ten.
4. The date of his ______ (出生) is on June 1st.
5. He spent his ______ (青春) in the countryside.
6. ______ (任何人) can take part in this activity.
二、单项选择
1.—We are free this evening. Shall we go out for a walk?
—It is foggy. Why ________ a film at home ________?
A.not watch; instead B.not to watch; instead
C.not watch; instead of D.don’t watch; instead of
2.My mother provides me ________ fresh fruit every day.
A.for B.to C.with D.at
3.The girl ________ a hard time but never gave up.
A.went through B.looked through C.went for D.looked up
4.When I walked into the living room, I saw my little sister ________ on the sofa.
A.lie B.lay C.lying D.to lie
5.—I am thinking of going back to school to visit my teachers.
—________.
A.It all depends B.Go for it C.Never mind D.No wonder
三、完成句子
1. 我们应该把垃圾分成四类。
We should ______ rubbish ______ four different categories.
2. 我听见他正在谈论垃圾分类制度。
I heard him ______ ______ the rubbish sorting system.
3. 森林在保护环境方面发挥着重要作用。
Forests ______ an important ______ in protecting the environment.
4. 大自然为我们提供各种各样的资源。
Nature ______ us ______ all kinds of resources.
5. 人类活动对自然环境有巨大的影响。
Human activities ______ a great ______ on nature.
6. 对我们来说保护地球是很重要的。
______ important ______ us ______ protect the earth.
7. 山上终年被绿树覆盖。
The mountain ______ ______ ______ green trees all year round.
8. 我们应该保护野生动物免受危险。
We should protect wild animals ______ danger.
9. 我们可以骑自行车代替开车。
We can ride bikes ______ ______ driving cars.
10. 他考虑重复利用旧物品来节约资源。
He considers ______ old things to save resources.
四、完形填空
根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Great changes are happening around us. When Wang Tao was little, his hometown was a quiet village. People lived simple lives. Roads were narrow and there were few buses. Most people went out 1 foot.
Years went by. More factories came. Jobs increased. People’s lives became 2 . New wide roads were built. More cars appeared. But new problems also 3 . Factories produced lots of waste. Black smoke filled the sky. Rubbish was thrown everywhere. The clean river became dirty. Many fish 4 .
People realized the serious environmental problems. The local government decided to 5 action. Some polluting factories were closed. Workers cleaned the river. More trees 6 on the hills. Schools taught students about environmental 7 . More citizens (市民) started to sort rubbish and choose low-carbon lifestyles.
Now Wang Tao’s hometown looks quite 8 . The sky is blue again, and the river is clean once more. But the fight against pollution will never 9 . Protecting the planet is not only the job of the government. Every common person has a 10 to play. Small actions can make a big difference to our greener home.
1.A.in B.on C.by D.with
2.A.poorer B.harder C.richer D.quieter
3.A.appeared B.disappeared C.missed D.avoided
4.A.lived B.died C.grew D.swam
5.A.make B.do C.take D.give
6.A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planting
7.A.protection B.population C.progress D.purpose
8.A.terrible B.different C.difficult D.dangerous
9.A.start B.begin C.stop D.continue
10.A.joke B.role C.game D.risk
五、阅读理解
There are challenges to recycling clothes and shoes. Many of them are difficult to recycle, so lots of old clothes and shoes become waste. But a company in France is trying to make recycling easier and more popular with new technology.
The company is called CETIA.It has built two special machines that use artificial intelligence(AI) to help recycle clothes and shoes. With AI technology, one machine can find and cut off zippers (拉链) and buttons (纽扣) on clothes quickly. The other machine can pull off soles (鞋底)from shoes easily, which was very hard for people to do before.
This sounds simple, but no one has ever done it before. “No one was recycling soles because it was hard to separate them from shoes,” said Chloe Salmon Legagneur, director of CETIA.In the past, people had to put the shoes in an oven to melt the glue and pull off the soles by hand. But CETIA’s machine can do it much faster and better.
Some clothes can be recycled into materials for houses or roads. But most clothes cannot be easily turned into new clothes. That is because clothes have different materials that must be separated carefully by hand. This usually takes a long time and costs a lot of money. However, CETIA’s machine can do the separation faster and better than people. It can even separate clothes by color and material, making it easier to recycle old clothes into new ones.
Recycling clothes and shoes is important because it reduces waste and protects the environment. It can also create new jobs for people. CETIA is doing amazing work by developing these useful recycling machines. They’re showing us that with smart thinking and new technology, we can find good ways to solve big environmental problems.
1.It’s clear that CETIA is________.
A.a clothing store B.a cleaning business
C.a technology company D.an environmental organization
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pulling off soles from shoes.
B.Separating clothes by color and material.
C.Cutting off zippers and buttons on clothes.
D.Putting the shoes on an oven to melt the glue.
3.What does the writer think about the two machines?
A.He finds them amazing B.He thinks they’re helpless.
C.He believes they need improvement. D.He worries about their future.
4.What will happen to old clothes due to (因为) the new machine?
A.They will be sold in Africa. B.They will be made into new materials.
C.They will be made into shoes. D.They will be made into new clothes.
5.The writer wrote the passage to ________.
A.explain the importance of recycling
B.introduce a company and its inventions
C.call for people to protect the environment
D.make a report on a company’s achievements
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,根据语境或单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
As far as I know, China, with 9,600,000 square kilometres, has the 1 (two) largest population in Asia. The eastern part faces the Pacific Ocean. It has many endangered animals. The list 2 (include) the huge whales living in the sea, the“ships of the desert”— camels and so on.
The excitement of touring attracts many foreign 3 (travel) to visit China every year. When you have 4 tour, you’ll find many famous places, such as the Great Wall, the longest man-made wall in the world. It’s one of the greatest 5 (wonder) in the world. It’s more than 6,000 kilometres long and wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side.
Another amazing place is the Qomolangma. It is the 6 (high) mountain in the world. It’s up to 8,848.86 metres high. Thick snow covers the top all year round. 7 it’s hard to take in air near the top in the freezing weather conditions, many people still want to challenge 8 (they) in the face of difficulties. Some reached the top 9 (successful) and achieved their dreams. Climbing Qomolangma is a great 10 (achieve) for them.
6
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
1 / 27
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$