精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the far corner of the yard outside Mountain Oak Charter School, a boy of 9 or 10 is digging a hole. A few other children are standing nearby, ____1____ (take) a turn with the shovel (铁锹). Mountain Oak is a school that offers an education inspired by Waldorf, a progressive model that encourages exploration of the natural world and ____2____ (reject) the use of technology in the classroom and even in the home. Waldorf private schools have been around for 100 years, and the first ____3____ (launch) by educator Rudolf Steiner in Germany. But they have been experiencing a boom in the U.S. In addition to staying away from technology, the schools tend to delay formal reading instruction — say, ____4____ the students are 7 — and testing, and to reserve kindergarten entirely for imaginative play, especially with blocks and natural materials such as leaves and other things ____5____ (find) outdoors. ____6____ students at all levels receive is extensive instruction in music and art. They also do physical exercises in the classroom ____7____ (break) up their lessons. But this model is no longer limited to private education. In recent years Waldorf-inspired schools have begun popping up — there are almost 50 — especially in the West. Mountain Oak is ____8____ of the older ones, established in 1999. It serves about 150 students in grades pre-K through 8, about half of ____9____ receive a free or reduced-price lunch. Mountain Oak students perform at the state average on tests, but the school has been given an A grade by Arizona’s state education department _____10_____ the academic improvement its students experience compared with their peers with similar backgrounds at public schools. 【答案】1. taking 2. rejects 3. was launched 4. until 5. found 6. What 7. to break 8. one 9. whom 10. for 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述华德福教育模式的理念、起源，以及受该理念启发的 Mountain Oak 特许学校的办学特色与办学成效。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几个孩子站在旁边，轮流使用铁锹。句子谓语动词是are standing，空格处填入非谓语动词，take (a turn)“轮流”与其逻辑主语A few other children之间为主动关系，现在分词taking在句中作伴随状语。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：山橡学校提供受华德福启发的教育，这是一种进步教育模式，鼓励探索自然世界，拒绝在课堂甚至家中使用电子设备。先行词a progressive model是单数，and连接并列成分，和encourages并列作定语从句中的谓语，用第三人称单数形式rejects。 【3题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：华德福私立学校已有百年历史，第一所由教育家鲁道夫・斯坦纳在德国创办。主语the first指代第一所华德福学校，和launch“创办”是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数概念，填入was launched。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：除了远离科技，学校往往会推迟正式的阅读教学——比如，直到学生7岁——和测试，并将幼儿园完全留给富有想象力的游戏，尤其是使用积木和天然材料，如树叶和其他户外物品。表示“直到”，引导时间状语从句，用连词until。 【5题详解】 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：同上。things和find“发现”之间为被动关系，过去分词found修饰前面名词things，作后置定语。 【6题详解】 考查主语从句引导词。句意：各个年级学生都会接受大量音乐和美术相关课程。空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作receive的宾语，指代事物，用what引导该从句，句首单词首字母大写。 【7题详解】 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：学生也会在教室里进行体育活动，用来调剂课堂。进行体育活动的目的是调剂课堂，不定式to break在句中作目的状语。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：山橡学校是办学时间较早的学校之一，1999年建立。表示众多同类学校当中的一所，用代词one作表语。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：学校招收学前班到八年级共约150名学生，其中大约一半享受免费或低价午餐。先行词students指人，介词of之后用关系代词whom，构成介词+whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：山橡学校学生测试成绩达到州平均水平，但亚利桑那州教育部门给这所学校评了A级，原因是该校学生相较于公立学校背景相似同龄人取得的学业进步。此处表示“因为、由于”的含义，用介词for引出原因状语。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confusing B. consumer C. contents D. curiosity E. disquiet F. eliminate G. preferred H. prevent I. principle J. standardise K. subject Tesco promises to ban brands that use excessive plastic packaging. Tesco has promised to step up its efforts in the battle against single-use plastic with measures that include banning brands using excessive packaging. Dave Lewis, Tesco's chief executive, said the company will “reserve the right not to list” products with too much non-recyclable packaging from next year onwards. Tesco gave suppliers a list of ____11____ materials in May 2018. It is now planning to turn up the pressure because of the growing public ____12____ about plastic packaging. “We can't overlook the fact that for too long, packaging on ____13____ goods has been excessive,” Lewis wrote. "We have all opened a bag of crisps and wondered why the packaging is twice the size of the ____14____.” Tesco has been the ____15____ of criticism over its packaging in the past, but any improvements could have major implications for Britain's plastic waste. Lewis said giving up the plastic used to package tins in multipacks would save 490 tonnes of plastic a year, and it could ____16____ the sale of more than 50 million plastic beer can binders. Other supermarkets have tried out processes that could reduce packaging. Morrisons and Waitrose have tested refill stations to allow customers to buy packaging-free goods, including pasta, wine and cleaning materials. Iceland last year promised to ____17____ plastics from its own-brand products within five years. Supermarkets and food companies in the UK have been required to take action by government plans to introduce the “polluter pays” ____18____ in its approach to waste. New rules, currently under consultation, could force private companies, including supermarkets, to pay as much as £l billion a year more towards the UK's recycling infrastructure—up from about £70m now. Lewis called for the government to take a national approach to recycling in order to ____19____ processes. Households face _______20_______ variation in the quality of recycling services, which can result in products being sent to landfill that would be recycled under a different local authority. 【答案】11. G 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. K 16. F 17. H 18. I 19. J 20. E 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了特易购承诺禁止使用过度塑料包装的品牌，且承诺将加大力度打击一次性塑料，包括禁止品牌使用过度包装。特易购在过去一直因其包装受到批评，但任何改进都可能对英国的塑料垃圾产生重大影响。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：2018年5月，特易购向供应商提供了一份首选材料清单。修饰后文名词material，结合句意表示“首选”应用形容词preferred，作定语，故选G。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在，由于公众对塑料包装的好奇心日益增长，该公司正计划加大压力。根据后文about plastic packaging，以及形容词public修饰名词，作宾语，再结合句意表示“好奇心”应用名词curiosity。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：“我们不能忽视的事实是，长期以来，首选商品的包装一直是过度的，”刘易斯写道。结合上文goods has been excessive以及修饰名词，再结合句意表示“消费品”应用consumers goods。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：“我们都打开过一包薯片，都想知道为什么包装是里面东西的两倍大。”根据上文why the packaging is twice the size of the 可知应填名词作宾语，再结合句意表示“包含物”应用名词contents。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：特易购在过去一直因其包装受到批评，但任何改进都可能对英国的塑料垃圾产生重大影响。根据后文of criticism over its packaging in the past可知空处应用名词作表语，表示“话题”应用名词subject。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：刘易斯说，如果不再使用多功能包装的塑料，每年将节省490吨塑料，并可能减少5000多万塑料啤酒罐粘合剂的销售。结合后文the sale of more than 50 million plastic beer can binders以及句意表示“减少”应用动词eliminate，作谓语，且could后跟动词原形。故选F。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：去年，冰岛承诺在五年内防止其自有品牌产品使用塑料。根据后文“plastics from its own-brand products within five years”以及句意“防止”可知应用动词prevent，上文为短语promise to do sth.，故应用动词原形。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：英国政府计划在处理垃圾时引入“污染者付费”的原则，要求超市和食品公司采取行动。根据上文 introduce the “polluter pays”以及空处作宾语，表示“原则”应用名词principle。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：刘易斯呼吁政府在全国范围内采取回收方法，以使回收过程标准化。后跟名词process作宾语，表示“标准化”应用动词standardise，此处为in order to do sth.，应用动词原形。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：家庭在回收服务的质量上存在令人不安的差异，这可能导致产品被送到垃圾填埋场，而在不同的地方当局下，这些产品将被回收。修饰后文名词variation，表示“令人不安的”应用形容词disquiet，作定语。故选E。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The modern zoo has travelled a long way from the days of simple cages. Today zoos aim to do far more than just show exotic animals to visitors. They play a key role in wildlife conservation, education and research. But they still face many ____21____. One big debate is whether zoos are good for animals. Critics say that no matter how well-designed enclosures are, they cannot ____22____ the wild. Even large enclosures limit animals’ natural behaviours. Some animals in zoos show signs of stress, such as repeated, meaningless movements. On the other hand, zoo supporters ____23____ that many species are dying out in the wild. For these animals, zoos offer safe places where they can breed. Many zoo-bred animals have been ____24____ back into their natural habitats. Education is another major goal. Zoos give city-dwelling people a chance to ____25____ with wildlife they would never otherwise see. Children can learn about animal behaviour and conservation. Studies show that many visitors leave zoos with greater ____26____ of environmental problems. However, critics argue that people can learn about animals from documentaries and books without keeping them in ____27____. Scientific research carried out in zoos also brings great ____28____. Scientists can study animal health, reproduction and behaviour in controlled conditions. This knowledge helps to ____29____ wild populations. But research in zoos is limited. It cannot fully copy the complex ____30____ of the natural world. Money is another ____31____. Building and maintaining modern natural-looking enclosures costs huge sums. Zoos rely on ticket sales and donations. During economic downturns, some zoos struggle to survive. To meet these challenges, zoos have to make ____32____. They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors. Some species are ____33____ and need special protection. But zoos also need to attract visitors to stay open. Finding the right ____34____ between conservation and entertainment is not easy. However, most zookeepers refuse to ____35____ their high standards. They believe that with careful planning, zoos can continue to play a valuable role in protecting wildlife. 21. A. debates B. victories C. donations D. attractions 22. A. dominate B. replace C. resemble D. restrict 23. A. deny B. pretend C. argue D. doubt 24. A. transported B. tracked C. brought D. released 25. A. connect B. compete C. agree D. cooperate 26. A. fear B. awareness C. doubt D. shame 27. A. danger B. peace C. captivity D. adventure 28. A. profits B. troubles C. benefits D. risks 29. A. protect B. threaten C. observe D. hunt 30. A. feelings B. conditions C. rules D. disasters 31. A. pleasure B. puzzle C. barrier D. reward 32. A. predictions B. adjustments C. apologies D. comparisons 33. A. rare B. domestic C. tame D. fierce 34. A. conflict B. balance C. contrast D. gap 35. A. give up B. insist on C. carry out D. put off 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章辩证分析了动物园的利弊，介绍它在野生动物保护、科普教育、科学研究方面的价值，同时指出其面临的诸多难题，并提出动物园需要在物种保护和观光娱乐之间寻求平衡。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：但它们仍然面临诸多争议。A. debates争论；B. victories胜利；C. donations捐赠；D. attractions景点。根据上文“They play a key role in wildlife conservation, education and research.”和下文“One big debate is whether zoos are good for animals.”可知，上文讲动物园在保护、教育、科研方面很重要，But转折说仍有问题，下文立刻引出“动物园是否对动物有益”的核心争论，所以此处指动物园仍然面临诸多争议。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：批评者称，无论动物圈舍设计得多么精良，它们都无法取代野外环境。A. dominate支配；B. replace取代；C. resemble像；D. restrict限制。根据下文“Even large enclosures limit animals’ natural behaviours.”可知，就算大圈舍也限制动物自然行为，说明圈舍替代不了野外。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：另一方面，动物园的支持者认为，许多物种正在野外走向灭绝。A. deny否认；B. pretend假装；C. argue主张；D. doubt怀疑。根据空后的“that many species are dying out in the wild”可知，此处是支持者针对批评提出自己的立场观点，argue用于引出正方的核心论点。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：许多在动物园繁育的动物已经被放归到它们的原生栖息地。A. transported运输；B. tracked追踪；C. brought带来；D. released释放。根据空后的“back into their natural habitats”可知，野生动物保护的常规操作是将人工繁育个体放归野外。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：动物园给城市居民提供了一个接触野生动物的机会，否则他们永远见不到这些动物。A. connect联系；B. compete竞争；C. agree同意；D. cooperate合作。根据空后的“with wildlife they would never otherwise see”可知，城市居民原本没有机会接触野生动物，动物园搭建了人和野生动物产生联结的渠道。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究表明，许多游客离开动物园时，对环境问题有了更强的认识。A. fear害怕；B. awareness意识；C. doubt怀疑；D. shame羞愧。根据上文“Education is another major goal.”可知，动物园的教育功能就是提升公众的环保意识。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而批评者认为，人们可以通过纪录片和书籍了解动物，不必把动物囚禁起来。A. danger危险；B. peace和平；C. captivity囚禁；D. adventure冒险。根据上文第一段中“Critics say that no matter how well-designed enclosures are, they cannot ________ the wild. Even large enclosures limit animals natural behaviours.”可知，批评者反对的是将动物人工圈养的模式，认为人们可以通过纪录片和书籍了解动物，完全不需要把动物囚禁起来。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：在动物园开展的科学研究也带来巨大益处。A. profits利润；B. troubles麻烦；C. benefits益处；D. risks风险。根据下文“Scientists can study animal health, reproduction and behaviour in controlled conditions. This knowledge helps to ________ wild populations.”可知，提到科学家能在可控条件下研究动物健康、繁殖和行为，这些研究成果能帮助到野外的种群，说明在动物园开展的科学研究也带来很大益处。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些知识有助于保护野外的种群。A. protect保护；B. threaten威胁；C. observe观察；D. hunt打猎。根据下文“wild populations”可知，动物园科研的最终目的是反哺野外物种保护，这些研究成果能帮助保护野外的种群。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：它无法完全复刻自然界复杂的生存环境。A. feelings感受；B. conditions条件；C. rules规则；D. disasters灾难。根据上文“But research in zoos is limited.”及空后的“of the natural world”可知，动物园的研究有局限性，无法完全模拟野外复杂的环境条件。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：资金是另一重障碍。A. pleasure快乐；B. puzzle谜题；C. barrier障碍；D. reward奖励。根据上文“But research in zoos is limited.”及下文“Building and maintaining modern natural-looking enclosures costs huge sums.”可知，前面讲科研有局限，another引出第二个难题、障碍：资金。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：为应对这些挑战，动物园必须做出调整。A. predictions预测；B. adjustments调整；C. apologies道歉；D. comparisons对比。根据上文“To meet these challenges”和下文“They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors.”可知，提到动物园面临诸多现实难题，应对难题的方式就是做出针对性的运营调整，要平衡多方需求。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有些物种十分珍稀，需要特殊保护。A. rare稀有的；B. domestic国内的；C. tame温顺的；D. fierce凶猛的。根据下文“need special protection”可知，提到需要特殊保护，说明有些物种很珍稀，需要特殊的保护措施，rare契合野生动物保护语境。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：在物种保护和观光娱乐之间找到恰当的平衡并不容易。A. conflict冲突；B. balance平衡；C. contrast对比；D. gap差距。根据上文“They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors.”可知，提到动物园必须平衡动物需求和游客利益，此处表示要在保护动物和观光娱乐之间找到平衡并不容易。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：然而，大多数动物园饲养员拒绝放弃他们的高标准。A. give up放弃；B. insist on坚持；C. carry out执行；D. put off推迟。根据下文“They believe that with careful planning, zoos can continue to play a valuable role in protecting wildlife.”可知，提到饲养员们相信通过精心规划动物园仍能发挥保护价值，说明他们不会放弃自己的专业高标准。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science. Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her. The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room. Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone’s eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants. This can’t get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn’t get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her. The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red. Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year’s Honors Physical Science class. Jada sighed loudly. “But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You’ll be partners. You’ll be working closely together all year.” Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. “Hi. I’m Robert. I’m new here.” 36. What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs? A. She thought this year’s chemistry class would be a breeze. B. She wasn’t willing to take the Honors Chemistry class. C. She was angry that her mother made her go to school D. She found she didn’t like science as she thought. 37. The writer described Jada’s appearance in paragraph 4 in order to ______. A. reveal how different she was from her classmates B. explain why she was late for school that morning. C. give readers a general impression of science students. D. imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance 38. In paragraph 5, the phrase “that group of jocks” refers to ______. A. the new kid B. Jada’s classmates C. Jada’s teacher D. football players 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid? A. He was rude. B. He liked sports. C. He was shy. D. He looked sad. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jada第一次上荣誉化学课迟到的经历。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science. (铃响了。Jada叹了口气，慢慢地从她一直靠着的储物柜旁走出来，沿着大厅去上化学课。荣誉化学！Jada不敢相信她妈妈让她上课，因为Jada的辅导员说她有真正的科学天赋)”和第二段“Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her. (Jada不得不承认她喜欢科学，去年的课程轻而易举，但是，荣誉化学？她不会认识班上的任何人，他们可能也不会认识像她这样的人)”可知，Jada确实喜欢化学课，但她不想去上荣誉化学课，因为她不认识班上的同学。故选B项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二三句“The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. (糟糕的是，这让她看起来像是在做一个宏大的入场。更糟糕的是，课堂上只剩下两个座位在房间前面的实验室桌子上)”和第四段“Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyones eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants. (Jada屏住呼吸，走了进来。每个人都盯着她。她只是知道这一点。他们盯着她的煤黑头发（新鲜染色）、黑色口红、黑色指甲油和她旧货店的黑色皮夹克。她看到的只是马球衫和卡其色裤子)”可知，因为迟到的关系，她受到了所有同学的瞩目，而她也只能屏住呼吸一直向前走到前排的空位坐下，第四段的外貌描写凸显了这一过程Jada的紧张和因为迟到受到关注的抱歉。故选D项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“She hated football players. They thought they were so great.”（她讨厌足球运动员。他们觉得自己很了不起）以及该词组所在的句子“That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.”（在自助餐厅附近闲逛的That group of jocks总是取笑她）”可知，that group of jocks指代前文的“football players”。故选D项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat,and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.(新来的孩子低着头走到她的桌子前。他不得不挤进座位上，他的腿放不进实验室的桌子下面。他瞥了Jada一眼，脸红了)”可知，新来的孩子很害羞。故选C项。 （B） Most people regard multitasking as a desirable skill: doing several tasks at the same time seems efficient. However, psychological researches have proved that heavy multitasking does not improve productivity; on the contrary, it lowers people’s work efficiency. Human brains are not designed for true multitasking. What we usually call multitasking is actually task switching: the brain rapidly jumps back and forth between different assignments. Every time you shift your attention from one task to another, your brain has to spend extra mental energy to refocus. This frequent shifting creates mental fatigue. People who habitually multitask are more likely to make mistakes and take longer time to finish their work. Some people believe they are gifted multitaskers and can handle multiple jobs perfectly. But controlled experiments show that heavy multitaskers perform worse than average people even on single tasks. They are more easily distracted by irrelevant information. Their ability to filter useless information is weakened. This does not mean people should never handle more than one thing. Light multitasking such as listening to light music while doing housework is acceptable, since one task requires very little mental resources. But for complex, high cognitive load work like studying, writing or data analysis, people should focus on one single task at a time. The concept of deep work comes from these findings. Deep work means focusing fully on one complex task for a long uninterrupted period. It requires people to cut off distractions like social media notifications. Deep work can greatly improve quality and efficiency of high level mental work. 40. According to the passage, what is real multitasking for human brains? A. Finishing multiple tasks at the same time. B. Quickly jumping from one task to another. C. Doing physical and mental work together. D. Separating big tasks into several small ones. 41. What will happen to frequent heavy multitaskers? A. They can finish complex tasks in shorter time. B. They become better at sorting out useful information. C. They tend to get distracted easily and make more errors. D. They can greatly improve their general intelligence. 42. Which of the following belongs to deep work activity? A. Chatting online while doing homework. B. Listening to pop songs while tidying rooms. C. Writing an essay without any message pop-ups. D. Watching videos while reading news articles. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍人脑无法真正同时处理多项任务，频繁重度多任务处理降低效率，深度工作更适合高认知任务。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Human brains are not designed for true multitasking. What we usually call multitasking is actually task switching: the brain rapidly jumps back and forth between different assignments. (人类大脑并非为真正的多任务处理而生。我们通常所说的多任务处理实际上是任务切换：大脑在不同任务之间快速来回跳转。)”可知，对人脑而言，我们口中所谓的多任务本质就是在不同任务间快速切换。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This frequent shifting creates mental fatigue. People who habitually multitask are more likely to make mistakes and take longer time to finish their work.(这种频繁切换会造成精神疲劳。习惯同时处理多项任务的人更容易犯错，并且需要更长时间完成工作。)”以及“They are more easily distracted by irrelevant information. Their ability to filter useless information is weakened.(他们更容易被无关信息干扰，过滤无用信息的能力变弱。)”可知，经常重度多任务处理的人容易分心、更容易出错。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Deep work means focusing fully on one complex task for a long uninterrupted period. It requires people to cut off distractions like social media notifications.(深度工作指长时间不间断地全身心投入一项复杂任务。它要求人们隔绝社交媒体通知这类干扰。)”可知，深度工作需要专心、不受消息弹窗打扰，“写文章，没有任何消息弹窗”符合该定义。 （C） Learning Morse code, with its tappity-tap rhythms of dots and dashes, could take far less effort - and attention - than one might think. The trick is a wearable computer that engages the sensory powers of touch, according to a recent pilot study. Ph.D. student Caitlyn Seim and computer science professor Thad Starner of the Georgia Institute of Technology study haptics (触觉感知). Last September at the 20th International Symposium on Wearable Computers in Heidelberg, Germany, they announced that they had programmed Google Glass to passively teach its wearers Morse code - with some signs of success. For the study, 12 participants wore the smart glasses while playing an online game on a PC. During multiple hour-long sessions (实验环节), half the players heard Google Glass’s built-in speaker repeatedly spelling out words and felt taps behind the right ear for the dots and dashes corresponding to each letter. The other six participants heard only the audio, without the corresponding vibrations (震动). After each run of game playing, all the players were asked to tap out letters in Morse code using a finger on the touch pad of the smart glasses; for example, if they tapped “dot-dot,” an “i” would pop up on the visual display. The brief testing essentially encouraged them to try to learn the code. After four one-hour sessions, the group that had received tactile cues could tap a pangram (a sentence using the entire alphabet) with 94 percent accuracy. The audio-only group eventually achieved 47 percent accuracy, learning solely from their trial-and-error inputs. The work shows that “it is possible to teach a system of typing without the user paying much attention to it,” Starner says. Passive haptic learning could help users quickly master new text-entry methods for accessory keyboards or an eyes-free Morse code-like system of taps on a smart watch, he adds, noting:“That might really change how people use mobile and wearable devices.” The results agree with other effects of passive haptic learning that the researchers have found in past studies, Seim says. For example, the group has developed computing gloves that deliver vibrations to the fingers to teach the “muscle memories” for playing a piano song or typing Braille. Although it was small scale, the experiment demonstrates how wearable computers could permit users to “go about your daily business — and while you do that, you can get information to actually learn things,” says Paul Lukowicz of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, who was not involved in the study. Now if only listening to Spanish in your sleep could impart fluency. 43. What can be learned about the participants of Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. None of them knew beforehand what they would do. B. Some of them had already learned Morse Code. C. All of them were experienced PC game players. D. Half of them could only hear words spelt out. 44. The “tactile cues” (in paragraph 3) refer to ”________“. A. the taps that the players felt B. the testing that the players had C. the letters that the players knew D. the glasses that the player wore 45. What can be inferred from Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. A new system of typing is on the way. B. People can learn some manual skills subconsciously. C. It is possible for Morse Code to serve as a learning tool. D. Vibrations do nothing to help maintain muscle memories. 46. According to Starner, in what way is their study important? A. It may offer an innovative way to use wearable devices. B. It may draw people’s attention to alternative learning materials. C. It may inspire researchers to care more about the sense of touch. D. It may advance the technology of mobile devices to a new stage. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍一项研究：可穿戴设备利用触觉，让人在不太专注的情况下被动学习莫尔斯电码。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During multiple hour-long sessions (实验环节), half the players heard Google Glass’s built-in speaker repeatedly spelling out words and felt taps behind the right ear for the dots and dashes corresponding to each letter. The other six participants heard only the audio, without the corresponding vibrations (震动).(在多个一小时的测试环节中，一半受试者听到谷歌眼镜内置扬声器反复拼读出单词，并且右耳后方感受到对应每个字母点划的轻触震动。另外六名受试者只能听到声音，没有配套震动。)”可知，一半受试者只能听到拼读的单词。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。结合第二段两组受试者的对照实验设计，以及第三段中的“After four one-hour sessions, the group that had received tactile cues could tap a pangram (a sentence using the entire alphabet) with 94 percent accuracy.(经过四轮一小时的学习环节后，接收到tactile cues的小组，能够以94%的准确率敲出包含全部字母的全字母句。)”可知，这个准确率远超仅听音频的对照组的实验组，正是获得了右耳后方震动触感提示的小组，因此“tactile cues”指代的就是受试者接收到的触觉敲击提示。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The work shows that “it is possible to teach a system of typing without the user paying much attention to it,” Starner says.(斯塔纳说，这项研究表明“可以在用户不用高度专注的情况下教会一套输入方式”。)”可知，人们可以下意识地习得一些动手操作类技能。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Passive haptic learning could help users quickly master new text-entry methods for accessory keyboards or an eyes-free Morse code-like system of taps on a smart watch, he adds, noting: “That might really change how people use mobile and wearable devices.”(他补充说，被动触觉学习能够帮助用户快速掌握配套键盘新输入方式，或是智能手表上无需用眼、类似莫尔斯电码的敲击系统，他指出：“这或许会真正改变人们使用移动和可穿戴设备的方式。”)”可知，这项研究或许提供一种使用可穿戴设备的创新方式。 Section C Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Erno Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He has been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. ____47____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. ____48____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself,” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom”, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. ____49____ From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 80s,” he says. He motions to my Cube. ____50____ Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者在布达佩斯拜访魔方发明者厄尔诺・鲁比克，了解魔方的创作初衷、诞生经过、风靡全球的过程，以及鲁比克对魔方内涵的理解。 【47题详解】 后文“At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the ‘Pest’ side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was ‘like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures’. (当时，鲁比克住在佩斯一侧一条宽阔大道上的自家公寓里。他是一名建筑学教授，但他的房间‘像小孩子的口袋，装满弹珠和宝贝’。)”介绍了鲁比克当时的生活背景，C选项“His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. (1974年春天，他灵感迸发。)”点明他1974年春天获得灵感，后文的“At that time”对应选项中灵感到来的时间“in the spring of 1974”，衔接上下文，引出魔方的发明过程。 【48题详解】 前文“In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. (为了帮助学生理解三维空间问题，他尝试制作一组可以固定在一起、又能独立移动的立方体。)”提到他尝试制作可组合又能独立移动的立方体，后文“He painted each side a different colour. (他给每一面涂上不同颜色。)”提到他给每面涂不同颜色，B选项“Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. (最终，他设计出了一个六面结构，每一面都有九个相互咬合的小方块。)”说明他最终设计出了每面有九个相互咬合的小方块的六面结构，完美衔接前文的制作尝试和后文的涂色步骤。 【49题详解】 前文“Rubik was 29 when he ‘discovered’ the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. (1974年鲁比克‘发现’魔方时29岁。到1979年，魔方已经卖出30万个。)”提到1979年他已经卖出30万个魔方，后文“From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. (魔方从那里走向全世界，短短三年就售出约一亿个。)”讲魔方随后风靡全球，F选项“The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. (第二年，他获得机会带着这项发明参加纽约玩具展。)”说明他获得去纽约展示发明的机会，衔接了本地热销到走向世界的发展脉络。 【50题详解】 后文“Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: ‘a minute to learn and a lifetime to master’. (鲁比克用一句80年代出自一款游戏的日本标语安慰我：‘一分钟学会，一辈子精通。’)”提到鲁比克安慰作者，D选项“I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. (我只好承认，我至今还没能还原它。)”中作者承认自己还没解开这个魔方，呼应首段“I feel unworthy to have lunch with Erno Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. (能和厄尔诺・鲁比克共进午餐，我自觉有些不配，最重要的原因就是我手上这个魔方，至今还没能还原。)”提到的作者说到自己的魔方从未被解开的伏笔，逻辑通顺。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The Useful Bean Do you know what the common factor in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu is? It is the soybean. Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edible（可以食用的）and nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil. Throughout the life of the plant, a release of nutrients throughout plant roots makes soil more fertile. Soybeans are also very high in protein. With its hardiness, soil benefits, high-protein content, and various uses, some people believe the soybean will become the greatest weapon against world hunger. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Oil is used for edible purposes such as cooking oil and salad dressing. Industries make nonedible use of soybean oil by adding to antistatic sprays, printer ink, and shampoo. One significant nonedible use of soybean oil is the making of vinyl plastics. Vinyl is used to make everything from credit cards and garden hoses to computer parts. Protein from the soybean is also used in edible and nonedible products. Edible uses for the protein include baby foods and hypoallergenic milk. Even animals benefit: bee food and fish food contain protein from the soybean. Some industries use the protein for nonedible purposes such as cosmetics, adhesives, yarn, and water-based paints. Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. Whole soybeans are used to make food for people and animals. Grocery stores carry a variety of foods made with whole soybeans. Some of these items are pancake flour, coffee, soymilk, soy sauce and tofu. As the versatility（多用途）and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some part of the soybean is used in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu as well as many other edible and nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. As the versatility and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍有用的大豆。诸如蜂粮、乙烯基塑料和豆腐这些产品以及许多其他食用和非食用产品中使用了大豆的一部分。随着这种大豆的多功能性和耐受性的普及，豆制品的更多用途必将被发现。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edibleand nonedible products. ②The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil.③There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. ④Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. 2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edibleand nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants.运用一般现在时态的被动语态。 [高分句型2] There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. 过去分词作后置定语。 [高分句型3] As the versatility and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered.句中as引导时间状语从句，且句中使用一般将来时的被动语态。 IV. Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家健身中心被誉为这个社区的加分项。(see)(汉译英) ________________________________________ 【答案】This fitness center is seen as a plus for the community. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“这家健身中心”应用This fitness center，作主语；表示“被誉为”可用is seen as，一般现在时被动语态陈述客观事实；表示“一个加分项”应用a plus；表示“这个社区”应用the community，作介词for的宾语。 53. 很难想象这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里。(locate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s hard to imagine that this famous restaurant is located deep in the mountains. 【解析】 【详解】表示“很难想象”用it’s hard to imagine...，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，that引导宾语从句。表示“这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里”用宾语从句，表示“这家声名远播的饭店”用this famous restaurant，作主语；表示“坐落在深山里”用be located deep in the mountains，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语this famous restaurant是单数，be动词用is；宾语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 54. 从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的游客一定会错过这个山谷的美丽景色。(sure) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tourists who fly directly from the capital to the beach are sure to miss the beautiful scenery of this valley. 【解析】 【详解】表示“游客”用tourists，作主语，位于句首首字母大写。表示“从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的”用定语从句，修饰先行词Tourists，关系词在从句中作主语，可用who引导；表示“从首都直接乘飞机到海滩”用fly directly from the capital to the beach，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语用动词原形。表示“一定做某事”用be sure to do sth；“错过这个山谷的美丽景色”为miss the beautiful scenery of this valley，主语为Tourists，be动词用are。 55. 这些学生首次注意到其他人在面对面交流过程中拿出手机这个动作有多频繁。(note) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These students noted for the first time how frequently others took out their phones during face-to-face communication. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这些学生”短语为these students，作主语；表示“首次”短语为for the first time，作状语；表示“注意到”动词为note，句子描述过去发生的事，谓语用noted；表示“有多频繁”用how引导宾语从句，后跟副词frequently，从句使用陈述语序；表示“其他人”用others，作从句主语；表示“拿出手机”短语为take out their phones，时态和主句谓语保持一致，用took out，作从句谓语；表示“在面对面交流过程中”短语为during face-to-face communication，作状语。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition of about 200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划开设“烹饪”课程，学校教导处为此听取全校学生关于该课程具体内容的意见。写一封邮件给教导处。内容须包括：你建议该课程需要教授的内容；你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Teaching Affairs Office, I am writing to provide my suggestions for the proposed “Cooking” course that our school plans to offer. As a senior student in Mingqi High School, I believe that the course can be designed to include the following aspects. Firstly, the course should teach fundamental cooking skills such as cutting, seasoning, frying, and boiling. These skills are the foundation of cooking and are essential for making simple, delicious meals. Students should also learn about kitchen safety, hygiene, and basic nutrition. Secondly, the course should include lessons on different cuisines from around the world. This would give students a broader understanding of global cultures and traditions, as well as a chance to learn new recipes and techniques. For example, students could study Chinese, Indian, Italian, and Mexican cuisine and learn to cook traditional dishes from each culture. In my opinion, these aspects of the course are important for several reasons. Firstly, they provide students with practical skills that they can use in their daily lives. Cooking is a basic life skill that everyone should have, and the course can help students become more self-sufficient in the kitchen. Secondly, learning about different cuisines and cultures can broaden students’ horizons and foster a sense of curiosity and empathy. This can help them become more open-minded and tolerant individuals. Sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以高中生李明的名义给学校教导处写一封邮件，就学校计划开设的“烹饪”课程需教授的具体内容提出建议并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 建议：suggestions → proposals 认为：believe → be convinced that 重要的：important → vital 学到：learn about → acquire a knowledge of 2. 句式拓展 合并为复合句 原句：Secondly, learning about different cuisines and cultures can broaden students’ horizons and foster a sense of curiosity and empathy. This can help them become more open-minded and tolerant individuals. 拓展句：Secondly, learning about different cuisines and cultures can broaden students’ horizons and foster a sense of curiosity and empathy, which can help them become more open-minded and tolerant individuals. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As a senior student in Mingqi High School, I believe that the course can be designed to include the following aspects. (运用了as介词短语作状语、that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] I am writing to provide my suggestions for the proposed “Cooking” course that our school plans to offer. (运用了过去分词proposed作前置定语及that引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the far corner of the yard outside Mountain Oak Charter School, a boy of 9 or 10 is digging a hole. A few other children are standing nearby, ____1____ (take) a turn with the shovel (铁锹). Mountain Oak is a school that offers an education inspired by Waldorf, a progressive model that encourages exploration of the natural world and ____2____ (reject) the use of technology in the classroom and even in the home. Waldorf private schools have been around for 100 years, and the first ____3____ (launch) by educator Rudolf Steiner in Germany. But they have been experiencing a boom in the U.S. In addition to staying away from technology, the schools tend to delay formal reading instruction — say, ____4____ the students are 7 — and testing, and to reserve kindergarten entirely for imaginative play, especially with blocks and natural materials such as leaves and other things ____5____ (find) outdoors. ____6____ students at all levels receive is extensive instruction in music and art. They also do physical exercises in the classroom ____7____ (break) up their lessons. But this model is no longer limited to private education. In recent years Waldorf-inspired schools have begun popping up — there are almost 50 — especially in the West. Mountain Oak is ____8____ of the older ones, established in 1999. It serves about 150 students in grades pre-K through 8, about half of ____9____ receive a free or reduced-price lunch. Mountain Oak students perform at the state average on tests, but the school has been given an A grade by Arizona’s state education department _____10_____ the academic improvement its students experience compared with their peers with similar backgrounds at public schools. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confusing B. consumer C. contents D. curiosity E. disquiet F. eliminate G. preferred H. prevent I. principle J. standardise K. subject Tesco promises to ban brands that use excessive plastic packaging. Tesco has promised to step up its efforts in the battle against single-use plastic with measures that include banning brands using excessive packaging. Dave Lewis, Tesco's chief executive, said the company will “reserve the right not to list” products with too much non-recyclable packaging from next year onwards. Tesco gave suppliers a list of ____11____ materials in May 2018. It is now planning to turn up the pressure because of the growing public ____12____ about plastic packaging. “We can't overlook the fact that for too long, packaging on ____13____ goods has been excessive,” Lewis wrote. "We have all opened a bag of crisps and wondered why the packaging is twice the size of the ____14____.” Tesco has been the ____15____ of criticism over its packaging in the past, but any improvements could have major implications for Britain's plastic waste. Lewis said giving up the plastic used to package tins in multipacks would save 490 tonnes of plastic a year, and it could ____16____ the sale of more than 50 million plastic beer can binders. Other supermarkets have tried out processes that could reduce packaging. Morrisons and Waitrose have tested refill stations to allow customers to buy packaging-free goods, including pasta, wine and cleaning materials. Iceland last year promised to ____17____ plastics from its own-brand products within five years. Supermarkets and food companies in the UK have been required to take action by government plans to introduce the “polluter pays” ____18____ in its approach to waste. New rules, currently under consultation, could force private companies, including supermarkets, to pay as much as £l billion a year more towards the UK's recycling infrastructure—up from about £70m now. Lewis called for the government to take a national approach to recycling in order to ____19____ processes. Households face _______20_______ variation in the quality of recycling services, which can result in products being sent to landfill that would be recycled under a different local authority. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The modern zoo has travelled a long way from the days of simple cages. Today zoos aim to do far more than just show exotic animals to visitors. They play a key role in wildlife conservation, education and research. But they still face many ____21____. One big debate is whether zoos are good for animals. Critics say that no matter how well-designed enclosures are, they cannot ____22____ the wild. Even large enclosures limit animals’ natural behaviours. Some animals in zoos show signs of stress, such as repeated, meaningless movements. On the other hand, zoo supporters ____23____ that many species are dying out in the wild. For these animals, zoos offer safe places where they can breed. Many zoo-bred animals have been ____24____ back into their natural habitats. Education is another major goal. Zoos give city-dwelling people a chance to ____25____ with wildlife they would never otherwise see. Children can learn about animal behaviour and conservation. Studies show that many visitors leave zoos with greater ____26____ of environmental problems. However, critics argue that people can learn about animals from documentaries and books without keeping them in ____27____. Scientific research carried out in zoos also brings great ____28____. Scientists can study animal health, reproduction and behaviour in controlled conditions. This knowledge helps to ____29____ wild populations. But research in zoos is limited. It cannot fully copy the complex ____30____ of the natural world. Money is another ____31____. Building and maintaining modern natural-looking enclosures costs huge sums. Zoos rely on ticket sales and donations. During economic downturns, some zoos struggle to survive. To meet these challenges, zoos have to make ____32____. They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors. Some species are ____33____ and need special protection. But zoos also need to attract visitors to stay open. Finding the right ____34____ between conservation and entertainment is not easy. However, most zookeepers refuse to ____35____ their high standards. They believe that with careful planning, zoos can continue to play a valuable role in protecting wildlife. 21. A. debates B. victories C. donations D. attractions 22. A. dominate B. replace C. resemble D. restrict 23. A. deny B. pretend C. argue D. doubt 24. A. transported B. tracked C. brought D. released 25. A. connect B. compete C. agree D. cooperate 26. A. fear B. awareness C. doubt D. shame 27. A. danger B. peace C. captivity D. adventure 28. A. profits B. troubles C. benefits D. risks 29. A. protect B. threaten C. observe D. hunt 30. A. feelings B. conditions C. rules D. disasters 31. A. pleasure B. puzzle C. barrier D. reward 32. A. predictions B. adjustments C. apologies D. comparisons 33. A. rare B. domestic C. tame D. fierce 34. A. conflict B. balance C. contrast D. gap 35. A. give up B. insist on C. carry out D. put off Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science. Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her. The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room. Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone’s eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants. This can’t get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn’t get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her. The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red. Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year’s Honors Physical Science class. Jada sighed loudly. “But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You’ll be partners. You’ll be working closely together all year.” Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. “Hi. I’m Robert. I’m new here.” 36. What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs? A. She thought this year’s chemistry class would be a breeze. B. She wasn’t willing to take the Honors Chemistry class. C. She was angry that her mother made her go to school D. She found she didn’t like science as she thought. 37. The writer described Jada’s appearance in paragraph 4 in order to ______. A. reveal how different she was from her classmates B. explain why she was late for school that morning. C. give readers a general impression of science students. D. imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance 38. In paragraph 5, the phrase “that group of jocks” refers to ______. A. the new kid B. Jada’s classmates C. Jada’s teacher D. football players 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid? A. He was rude. B. He liked sports. C. He was shy. D. He looked sad. （B） Most people regard multitasking as a desirable skill: doing several tasks at the same time seems efficient. However, psychological researches have proved that heavy multitasking does not improve productivity; on the contrary, it lowers people’s work efficiency. Human brains are not designed for true multitasking. What we usually call multitasking is actually task switching: the brain rapidly jumps back and forth between different assignments. Every time you shift your attention from one task to another, your brain has to spend extra mental energy to refocus. This frequent shifting creates mental fatigue. People who habitually multitask are more likely to make mistakes and take longer time to finish their work. Some people believe they are gifted multitaskers and can handle multiple jobs perfectly. But controlled experiments show that heavy multitaskers perform worse than average people even on single tasks. They are more easily distracted by irrelevant information. Their ability to filter useless information is weakened. This does not mean people should never handle more than one thing. Light multitasking such as listening to light music while doing housework is acceptable, since one task requires very little mental resources. But for complex, high cognitive load work like studying, writing or data analysis, people should focus on one single task at a time. The concept of deep work comes from these findings. Deep work means focusing fully on one complex task for a long uninterrupted period. It requires people to cut off distractions like social media notifications. Deep work can greatly improve quality and efficiency of high level mental work. 40. According to the passage, what is real multitasking for human brains? A. Finishing multiple tasks at the same time. B. Quickly jumping from one task to another. C. Doing physical and mental work together. D. Separating big tasks into several small ones. 41. What will happen to frequent heavy multitaskers? A. They can finish complex tasks in shorter time. B. They become better at sorting out useful information. C. They tend to get distracted easily and make more errors. D. They can greatly improve their general intelligence. 42. Which of the following belongs to deep work activity? A. Chatting online while doing homework. B. Listening to pop songs while tidying rooms. C. Writing an essay without any message pop-ups. D. Watching videos while reading news articles. （C） Learning Morse code, with its tappity-tap rhythms of dots and dashes, could take far less effort - and attention - than one might think. The trick is a wearable computer that engages the sensory powers of touch, according to a recent pilot study. Ph.D. student Caitlyn Seim and computer science professor Thad Starner of the Georgia Institute of Technology study haptics (触觉感知). Last September at the 20th International Symposium on Wearable Computers in Heidelberg, Germany, they announced that they had programmed Google Glass to passively teach its wearers Morse code - with some signs of success. For the study, 12 participants wore the smart glasses while playing an online game on a PC. During multiple hour-long sessions (实验环节), half the players heard Google Glass’s built-in speaker repeatedly spelling out words and felt taps behind the right ear for the dots and dashes corresponding to each letter. The other six participants heard only the audio, without the corresponding vibrations (震动). After each run of game playing, all the players were asked to tap out letters in Morse code using a finger on the touch pad of the smart glasses; for example, if they tapped “dot-dot,” an “i” would pop up on the visual display. The brief testing essentially encouraged them to try to learn the code. After four one-hour sessions, the group that had received tactile cues could tap a pangram (a sentence using the entire alphabet) with 94 percent accuracy. The audio-only group eventually achieved 47 percent accuracy, learning solely from their trial-and-error inputs. The work shows that “it is possible to teach a system of typing without the user paying much attention to it,” Starner says. Passive haptic learning could help users quickly master new text-entry methods for accessory keyboards or an eyes-free Morse code-like system of taps on a smart watch, he adds, noting:“That might really change how people use mobile and wearable devices.” The results agree with other effects of passive haptic learning that the researchers have found in past studies, Seim says. For example, the group has developed computing gloves that deliver vibrations to the fingers to teach the “muscle memories” for playing a piano song or typing Braille. Although it was small scale, the experiment demonstrates how wearable computers could permit users to “go about your daily business — and while you do that, you can get information to actually learn things,” says Paul Lukowicz of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, who was not involved in the study. Now if only listening to Spanish in your sleep could impart fluency. 43. What can be learned about the participants of Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. None of them knew beforehand what they would do. B. Some of them had already learned Morse Code. C. All of them were experienced PC game players. D. Half of them could only hear words spelt out. 44. The “tactile cues” (in paragraph 3) refer to ”________“. A. the taps that the players felt B. the testing that the players had C. the letters that the players knew D. the glasses that the player wore 45. What can be inferred from Caitlyn Seim and Thad Starner’s study? A. A new system of typing is on the way. B. People can learn some manual skills subconsciously. C. It is possible for Morse Code to serve as a learning tool. D. Vibrations do nothing to help maintain muscle memories. 46. According to Starner, in what way is their study important? A. It may offer an innovative way to use wearable devices. B. It may draw people’s attention to alternative learning materials. C. It may inspire researchers to care more about the sense of touch. D. It may advance the technology of mobile devices to a new stage. Section C Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Erno Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He has been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. ____47____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. ____48____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself,” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom”, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. ____49____ From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 80s,” he says. He motions to my Cube. ____50____ Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The Useful Bean Do you know what the common factor in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu is? It is the soybean. Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edible（可以食用的）and nonedible products. The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil. Throughout the life of the plant, a release of nutrients throughout plant roots makes soil more fertile. Soybeans are also very high in protein. With its hardiness, soil benefits, high-protein content, and various uses, some people believe the soybean will become the greatest weapon against world hunger. There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant—oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Oil is used for edible purposes such as cooking oil and salad dressing. Industries make nonedible use of soybean oil by adding to antistatic sprays, printer ink, and shampoo. One significant nonedible use of soybean oil is the making of vinyl plastics. Vinyl is used to make everything from credit cards and garden hoses to computer parts. Protein from the soybean is also used in edible and nonedible products. Edible uses for the protein include baby foods and hypoallergenic milk. Even animals benefit: bee food and fish food contain protein from the soybean. Some industries use the protein for nonedible purposes such as cosmetics, adhesives, yarn, and water-based paints. Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. Whole soybeans are used to make food for people and animals. Grocery stores carry a variety of foods made with whole soybeans. Some of these items are pancake flour, coffee, soymilk, soy sauce and tofu. As the versatility（多用途）and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家健身中心被誉为这个社区的加分项。(see)(汉译英) ________________________________________ 53. 很难想象这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里。(locate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的游客一定会错过这个山谷的美丽景色。(sure) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 这些学生首次注意到其他人在面对面交流过程中拿出手机这个动作有多频繁。(note) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition of about 200 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划开设“烹饪”课程，学校教导处为此听取全校学生关于该课程具体内容的意见。写一封邮件给教导处。内容须包括：你建议该课程需要教授的内容；你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $