Unit 4 History and Traditions Words and Expressions 单词讲解 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions 人教版2019必修第二册 Words and Expressions individual adj.单独的，个别的 n.[C]个人;有个性的人 [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] 【高考链接】 The method can meet the needs of each individual student.（2022·新高考I卷） individualize（v.） 个人化 individual individuality（n.）个性 each individual（每个个体） individual rights（个人权利） individually（adv.）单独地 individual differences（个体差异） 1. Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. ___________ 2. In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. (2019 北京) ___________ 3. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and respond well because someone has time for them. ___________ 4. The girl has a very individual way of dressing. ___________ (个) 人 单独的 / 单个的 个人的 / 个别的 独特的 Achilles’ heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟; 致命的弱点 阿喀琉斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿喀琉斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外———他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿喀琉斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿喀琉斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿喀琉斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿喀琉斯最终不治而亡。 例句 词源 1)English is his Achilles’ heel. 2)Lucy’s Achilles’ heel is that she cannot believe in others. 3)She will buy shoes with a low/high heel. Achilles’ heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟; 致命的弱点 Don’t take his words seriously—he’s just pulling your leg. When he gives me advice, I am all ears. I’m all thumbs when it comes to using this new machine. This handmade watch cost him an arm and a leg. My parents and I see eye to eye on most family decisions. Your analysis of the problem hit the nail on the head. 1. pull one’s leg 开某人的玩笑 2. be all ears 洗耳恭听 3. be all thumbs 笨手笨脚的 4. cost (sb) an arm and a leg 花了一大笔钱 5. see eye to eye 看法一致 6. hit the nail on the head 一针见血 nail n.指甲；钉子 习 语 链 接 Achilles’ heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟; 致命的弱点 As a country girl in the big city, she felt like a fish out of water at the fancy party. She was over the moon when she got the offer from her dream university. For a professional pianist, playing this simple tune is child’s play. Don’t be a wet blanket—come and join us at the picnic! The new manager is a tough nut—he never compromises on work standards. 8. over the moon 欣喜若狂 7. a fish out of water 身处陌生环境感到不自在的人 9. child’s play 轻而易举的事 10. a wet blanket 扫兴的人；败兴的事 11. a tough nut 难对付的人；难搞定的事 puzzle n.谜;难题; vt.迷惑；使困惑 [ˈpʌzl] n. be in a puzzle 感到困惑 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 a word puzzle 字谜 v. puzzle about/over 苦苦思考 puzzle puzzling puzzled Be ~ about puzzlement n. 迷惑；困惑 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 ① You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest ___________ (puzzle) in our life． ② These scientists have been puzzling ___________ how to solve the environmental problem． ③ The __________ look on her face suggested she was _________ over the ___________ maths problem. (puzzle) puzzles about/over puzzled puzzling puzzling join...to.... 把A和B连接起来；联合 The Internet joins every individual or group to the world. connect...to/with/and... 把……与……连接起来 join in 参加；加入 join sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事 The engineer connected my computer 　　　　 the others. All the family join me in 　　　 (wish)you a happy future. Do you know how many of them joined 　　　 the research project? to/with/and wishing in 【高考链接】 The bridge joins the small island to the mainland.（2022·全国甲卷） break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 break-broke-broken 【高考链接】 It was not easy for him to break away from old bad habits.（2024·新高考II卷） break down (机器等)出故障; （关系）破裂；累垮; 精神崩溃 break in 闯入, 强行进入; 打断, 插嘴 break into 闯入; 突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾、疾病等) 突然发生，爆发 break through 突破; 攻破 break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；(关系等)破裂 break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 break-broke-broken ①The car parked nearby belonged to my neighbor, who _____________ _____ his family to be independent. ②When the famous actor appeared on the stage, the audience ___________ thunderous applause. ③Scientists think they are beginning to _________________ in the battle against cancer. ④It was in a nightclub that a fire ___________, which made its owner ___________. broke away from broke into break through broke out break down 牛刀小试 belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应 [bɪˈlɔŋ] belong to 属于 belonging n.归属感 a sense of belonging 归属感 belongings n.个人所有物 personal belongings possess /pəˈzes/ v.拥有；具有 possessions /pəˈzeʃənz/ n. [pl.]个人财产，私人物品 We were reminded to take everything _________(belong) to us before getting off the train.  Paper-cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, which _________(belong) to traditional Chinese art in China. belongs belonging 无被动 “某东西属于某人”: sth belong to sb宾 【高考链接】 The old painting belongs to a local museum.（2022·新高考I卷） as well as 同(一样也);和;还 as well 也; 又; 还（相当于too，用于句尾） may/might as well do sth 倒不如做某事;不妨做某事 就远原则 (谓语动词与A保持一致) A as well as B A with B A along/together/coupled with B A plus/including B A except/besides/but/other than/rather than/in addition to B 1)I have been to the Great Wall twice as well． 2)I have been to the Great Wall twice(,) too． 3)I have also been to the Great Wall twice. 4)I have not been to the Great Wall either. as well, too, also, either: 也; 前三个用于肯定句, either 用于否定句。 defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护 [dɪˈfens] 【高考链接】 They built a high wall for defence against enemies.（2021·新高考II卷） 1) defend ... against/from ... 保卫……以免受…… defend one’s views 为某人的观点辩解 2) in defence (of ) 防护…… come to one’s defence=in one’s defence 替某人辩护 defensive adj. 防御的,保护的 defend vt.&vi. ①保护;防御;保卫　vt. ②辩解;辩白 defender n. 防守队员;后卫;守卫者 defendant n.被告； adj.辩护的 surround vt.围绕；包围 [səˈraʊnd] 【高考链接】 They surrounded me, their questions pouring out like a stream. （2025·新课标II卷） be surrounded by... 被……包围、环绕 surround oneself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 surroundings n. 环境 ①We always dream of having a house ___________ by trees, flowers and grass. If we can live in such beautiful _____________, we must be happy every day. As is known, the ___________ things can always have a positive effect on us. (surround) ②It is wise to surround yourself ______ people who have a high level of self-discipline.(建议信) with surrounded surroundings surrounding defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护 [dɪˈfens] 1. The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client (客户). _______ 2. A good diet helps build the body’s natural defences. _____________ 3. The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. _____________ 4. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game? (2015 天津) _____________ 5. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. ______________ 防守 防御 辩护 天然抵抗力 为……辩护 / 辩解 牛刀小试 evidence n.证据；证明 [ˈevɪdəns] 【高考链接】 Scientists have found evidence of ancient lives in the cave. （2020·全国I卷） 1) There is some/no evidence that... (没)有证据证明…… in evidence 显眼；显而易见 2) It's evident that... 很明显…… evident adj. 明显的；明白的 evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地 ①His footprints were clearly ________ in the heavy dust，which is the evidence that he had come here before (evidence)． ②She walked slowly down the road, ________ in pain (evident)． ③He was soon deep in meditation, and ________ was evident that the longer he thought, the more he was bothered. evident evidently it location n.位置；地点 [ləʊˈkeɪʃn] 【高考链接】 The hotel sits in a beautiful location near the lake. （2023·新高考II卷） locate vt. 确定…的准确位置 located adj. 坐落在… , 位于… be located in/on/at 坐落于，位于 1. ________（locate）where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 2. Mount Huang ___________（位于）Anhui Province. 3. It is a suitable for a new airport. Located is located in location battle n.战斗 vt.&vi. 搏斗；奋斗 [ˈbætl] 【高考链接】 The soldiers won the battle after hard fighting.（2021·全国甲卷） fight / win / lose a battle 1. They are continuing a long-running legal battle to ask for compensation (赔偿) from the government. ________ 2. They won the first battle but still they lost the war. ________ 3. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle — these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. ________ 4. We have to battle very hard and our defense worked overtime (全力以赴) to keep us in the game. ________ 官司 战斗 打一场无望取胜的仗 苦战 / 奋战 / 奋力拼搏 battlefield n [C] 战场；冲突地区 / 领域 keep your eyes open（for） 留心；留意 keep up 保持；继续 keep up with 跟上；同步；和…保持联系 keep back 阻止；隐瞒 keep away （from） 避免接近（……） keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做…… You must keep your ______ (eye) open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. Keep your eyes open ______ a boy in a red sweater. You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up ______ you. Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese ______ burning. eyes for with from charge n.收费;指控;主管；vt.收费;控告;充电 [tʃɑrdʒ] 【高考链接】 The museum does not charge visitors for entry.（2020·全国II卷） free of charge (=for free) 免费 charge (sb) for...因某事/ 某物向某人收费 take charge of… 负责 be in charge of… 负责… be in the charge of… 由…负责/主管 v. n.收费，要价 charge sb with (doing) sth… 指控某人做某事 v.n控告，指控 n. 掌管，负责 charge towards/into 向……猛冲/冲入 charge n.收费;指控;主管；vt.收费;控告;充电 [tʃɑrdʒ] (1)in charge of sth.：“(某人)负责,掌管”,表示主动; I was ___________ the company. (2)in the charge of sb./in sb.'s charge：“(某事)由某人负责”表被动 类似短语有: in possession of意为“占有”,表示主动; [pəˈzeʃn] in the possession of意 为“被……占有”,表示被动 in control of意为“管理,控制”,表示主动; in the control of意为“由……管理/控制”,表示被动 in charge of in the charge of The company was _______________ me. The company was in my charge. charge n.收费;指控;主管；vt.收费;控告;充电 [tʃɑrdʒ] _________ 1. A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education.（2022 全国） _________ 2. The noise shakes the trees as the male gorilla (大猩猩) beats his chest and charges toward me.（2018 全国改） _________ 3. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.   _________ 4. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone? _________ 5. One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension (紧张气氛). (2014 重庆) 费用 冲 指控；控告 给……充电 充满…… 牛刀小试 announce vt. 宣布；通告 [əˈnaʊns] 【高考链接】 It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes. （2023·新课标II卷） 1) It's announced that... 据宣布…… announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事 2) make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 announcer n [C] (电视台 / 电台的) 播音员；(机场或车站的) 广播员 announcement n [C] 通告；布告；[U] 宣布；宣告 ① The winner will ___________________ next Friday. ② An important __________________was made at the meeting. be announced announcement amount n.金额; 数量 [əˈmaʊnt] 【高考链接】 A large amount of money was spent protecting old buildings.（2021·新高考II卷） 1) the amount of… …的数量 a small/large/huge amount of+n.[U]+v.(单数) small/large/huge amounts of+n. [U]+v.(复数) 2) amount to 共计；等于；意味着 a large amount of + 不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数； large amounts of + 不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。 表示“大量的”的短语还有： a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of amount n.金额; 数量 [əˈmaʊnt] 1. A small amount of this paint _______(go) a long way. 2. The server is designed to store huge _______ (amount) of data. 3. The total collection last week amounted ______ £ 250. 4. The amount of fuel that this car uses____(be) a big strike against it. goes amounts to ① 一句多译: 一大笔钱已捐给了当地的学校。 __________________ money has been donated to the local school. __________________ money have been donated to the local school. A large amount of is Large amounts of n.燃料 n.罢工；不利因素 approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；着手处理 vi. 靠近 [əˈprəʊtʃ ] 【高考链接】 This encourages a more structured approach to eating. （北京卷） 1) approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物 approach the problem 处理问题 approach sb. about sth. 与某人商量某事 2) the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径;…的通道/入口 with the approach of = with + n.+ approaching 随着……临近 跟to搭配的常见名词有：answer, key, solution, visit, path, contribution, entrance, exit, access等 way, method, means approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；着手处理 vi. 靠近 [əˈprəʊtʃ ] We need to adopt a more scientific approach to solve this complex problem. The villagers were frightened by the approach of the storm. As you approach the town, you'll see the old castle on the hill. The police decided to approach him for information. She has a very creative approach to teaching children. 方法 n.接近 v.接近 与……接洽 (处理……的方式) 牛刀小试 ensure vt.保证；确保；担保 = make sure [ɪnˈʃʊə] 【高考链接】 Switch roles after every three trials to ensure everyone gets practice. （2026·新高考I卷） en- + sure → ensure en- + able → enable en- + rich → enrich en- + danger → endanger en- + courage → encourage “使役动词”前缀 en- 及后缀 -en 可加在形容词和名词前或后构成动词，en 词缀意为 “使”“使成为”“使处于……之中”。 short+ -en → shorten deaf + -en → deafen fright + -en → frighten threat + -en → threaten light + -en → lighten v 确保 v 使能够 v 使遭遇危险 v 鼓励 v 使丰富 v (使) 变短 v (使) 变明亮 / 减轻 v 使震得耳朵发聋 v 使惊吓 v 威胁 generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的  ['dʒenərəs] 【高考链接】 He is generous and always ready to help others. （2021·全国乙卷） ①be generous ②It is generous of sb. to do sth. to sb. 对某人很慷慨 with sth. 在某方面很慷慨 某人做某事真是慷慨 generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 generosity n. 慷慨；大方 ① She ___________shared her food with the strangers. ② We were touched by his great _______________. generously generosity position n. 位置；姿态；职位 [pəˈzɪʃən] 【高考链接】 She applied for a position as a museum guide.（2022·全国乙卷） 在社会上的位置 人身体 / 物体的位置 在空间上的位置 位置；方位; (恰当或正确的) 位置 在工作中的位置 比赛中的位置 处境中的位置 观点的位置 姿势；(物体所指的) 方向 地位；身份 职位；职务 (比赛中的) 名次 处境；状况 立场；观点；态度 放置；安放；使处于 I found myself in a position _______ I needed to catch up, and I want to turn it around. where eager adj. 热切的；渴望 [ˈi:gə] 【高考链接】 The kids are eager to know the final result.（2020·全国I卷） be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴求某事物 be eager in 热衷于 The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager ____ knowledge and eager _________ (make) progress, so she is eager ____ her study and is always praised by her teachers. to make for in roll vi.&vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）；翻滚 [rəʊl] 【高考链接】 Waves roll onto the beach day and night.（2023·全国乙卷） 呈卷状的物体 …… 卷起的名单 呈卷状的食品 卷；卷轴；卷 / 筒状 使）翻滚；（使）滚动 使成筒形 / 球形；卷 v n （正式的）名册；名单 卷状食品；面包卷 …… …… 使变成卷状物 即“使滚动” 卷 （基本义） roll vi.&vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）；翻滚 [rəʊl] 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” to report their presence. _____________ 2. He made the honor roll means that he was on the list of the best students at school. _____________ 3. The photographers had already shot a roll of film. _____________ 二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。 1. When I was a little kid I ______________________ (滚下来) a hill and broke my leg. 2. She _________________________ (翻身) to let the sun brown her back. 3. _________________________ (卷起) your sleeves and get ready for hard work. 点名 光荣榜 rolled down rolled over 一卷胶卷 Roll up roll vi.&vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）；翻滚 [rəʊl] 【高考链接】 Waves roll onto the beach day and night.（2023·全国乙卷） 呈卷状的物体 …… 卷起的名单 呈卷状的食品 卷；卷轴；卷 / 筒状 使）翻滚；（使）滚动 使成筒形 / 球形；卷 v n （正式的）名册；名单 卷状食品；面包卷 …… …… 使变成卷状物 即“使滚动” 卷 （基本义） greet vt. 问候；迎接 [ɡriːt] 【高考链接】 Minutes later, Daniel and Rachel arrived, greeting her with warm smiles. （2026·新高考I卷） greet sb with… 用…来迎接/问候某人 be greeted as 被当作……受到欢迎 She was greeted as a hero. give/send my greetings to 请代我向……问候 greeting(s) n.(常用复数)问候 ① She ________us at the door with open arms. (greet) ② He sent his warm ___________to the whole family. (greet) greeted greetings striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的 [ˈstraɪkɪŋ] 【高考链接】 There is a striking difference between the two paintings.（2024·新高考I卷） strike [straɪk] 罢工; 侵袭; 重创; 打; 碰撞; 打动; 敲钟; (钟)打点/报时 (strike -- struck --- struck/stricken) When the clock struck nine，it struck me that I would write a report about the workers’ strikes，because I was deeply struck by their stories. What struck me most was that they never gave up life however hard it was. (钟)敲响 突然被想到 罢工 打动 给……以印象 striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的 [ˈstraɪkɪŋ] 【高考链接】 There is a striking difference between the two paintings.（2024·新高考I卷） be struck by 被…所侵袭；被…所打动 It strikes/struck sb that… 某人突然想起… be/go on strike 举行罢工 ① There is a __________difference between the two towns. ② The painting is ____________beautiful. striking strikingly striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的 [ˈstraɪkɪŋ] 【高考链接】 There is a striking difference between the two paintings.（2024·新高考I卷） be struck by 被…所侵袭；被…所打动 It strikes/struck sb that… 某人突然想起… be/go on strike 举行罢工 ① There is a __________difference between the two towns. ② The painting is ____________beautiful. striking strikingly achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到 [əˈtʃi:vmənt ] 【高考链接】 It is a great achievement for the whole team. （2021·新高考I卷） achieve one’s dream/goal/target 实现梦想/目标 achieve v. 实现 achievable adj. 可实现的 1. Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel ___________ (成就感).   2. Man’s first walk on the moon was __________________________ (一项伟大的科技成就). 3. In the last few years, China has ______________________ (取得重大成就) in environmental protection. a sense of achievement a great technological achievement made great achievements crowd n．人群；民众；vt.挤满；使……拥挤 [kraʊd] 【高考链接】 A large crowd gathered in the square.（2020·全国I卷） follow the crowd 随大流 the crowd 人群 a crowd of /crowds of 一群/成群… crowd into one's mind/head＝ crowd in on sb. 涌入脑海 The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded in on me. crowd around/round 挤在……周围 crowd sth. into ... 把……塞进…… be crowded with 充满;挤满 =be full of=be filled with crowd n．人群；民众；vt.挤满；使……拥挤 [kraʊd] ①________ (crowd) of football fans spilled onto the field at the end of the game. 比赛结束时,成群的足球迷涌进了球场。 ②Too many uncomfortable thoughts were ______________ her. 她心乱如麻。 ③They crowded ________ the teacher, eager for any news. 他们把老师围了个水泄不通,渴望能得到点消息。 ④The air smelled of the best bread baked, and customers soon crowded ______ the store, making the street _________ (crowd). (续写场景描写) 空气中弥漫着烤得最好的面包的香味,顾客们很快就涌进了商店,使得街上人如潮涌。 Crowds crowding in on into crowded around Thank you！ null 324830.4 $