Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking 语言点精讲导学案(武汉语境试题)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册
选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
语言点精讲导学案
八个词 · 六个长难句 · 六组分层练习(附详解)
教材依据:Unit 4 Reading Percy Blackborow 的日记体课文(Shackleton 与“坚忍号”南极探险)
班级 姓名 学号
Part A 词汇精讲
1. abandon vt. / n. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃;放任 ★
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. ——Reading, 日记
· abandon doing sth 放弃做某事(不接不定式)
· abandon oneself to sth 沉湎于;纵情于(to 是介词)
· be abandoned 被遗弃;abandoned adj. 被遗弃的(作定语)
· 短语 with abandon 恣意地;放纵地
易错 abandon 后接动名词,不接不定式,不说 abandon to do sth;“被遗弃的房屋”用 abandoned houses,不用 abandoning。
即练 (1) The search was ______ (abandon) when night fell.
(2) 孩子们在雨中恣意奔跑。(with abandon)
2. assign vt. 分派;布置;分配;指派 ★
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men... ——Reading, 日记
· assign sb sth 分配给某人某物(可带双宾)
· assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事
· assign sb to sth 把某人派到(岗位、地点);assign sth to sb 把某物分配给某人(to 为介词)
· n. assignment 任务;作业(可数)
易错 “指派某人做某事”用 assign sb to do sth,不加 for;被动式 be assigned to 后若接名词,to 是介词,如 be assigned to a new post。
即练 (1) Each student was assigned ______ (write) a report on the expedition.
(2) 队长派他照看剩下的物资。(assign sb to do sth)
3. qualified adj. 有资格的;合格的 ★
...because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. ——Reading, 日记
· be qualified for sth 具备……的资格;适合担任……
· be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
· v. qualify 取得资格:qualify as ... 取得……资格
· n. qualification 资格;学历(可数,常用复数)
易错 “有资格做某事”用 be qualified to do,不用 be qualified doing;名词形式是 qualification(可数,常用复数),不要与 quality(品质)混淆。
即练 (1) She has the right ______ (qualify) for the job.
(2) 他完全能胜任这项工作。(be qualified for)
4. resolve n. / vt. / vi. 决心;决定;解决 ★
Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. ——Reading, 日记
· n. resolve 决心(不可数):show great resolve 表现出极大的决心
· resolve to do sth 决心做某事(to 为不定式符号)
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· resolve sth 解决(问题、争端):resolve a dispute
· n. resolution 决议;决心;解决
易错 resolve 作名词时不可数,前面不加 a;resolve to do 中 to 是不定式,不是介词,不说 resolve to doing。
即练 (1) The dispute was ______ (resolve) after two hours of talks.
(2) 他决心再也不放弃。(resolve to do sth)
5. turn down phr. 拒绝;调低,关小 ★
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. ——Reading, 日记
· turn sb / sth down 拒绝(申请、提议或申请人)
· turn sth down 把(音量、火力等)调低
· turn out 结果是;生产
· turn up 出现;调高
易错 turn down 是“动词 + 副词”短语,代词宾语必须放在中间:turn me down,不说 turn down me。
即练 (1) I applied for the job but was ______ (turn) down.
(2) 你能把音乐关小一点吗?(turn down)
余下三个词 用法单一,只列搭配
6. aboard adv. / prep. 上(船、飞机、车)
I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. ——Reading, 日记
go / come aboard 上船;上车;登机
welcome aboard 欢迎登机/上车
all aboard 请大家上车(船)
提醒 aboard 后面直接接交通工具,不说 aboard on the ship;“在船上”也可用 on board the ship。
7. expedition n. 探险;远征;考察
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. ——Reading, 日记
go on an expedition to ... 去……探险、考察
a polar expedition 极地考察
lead / join an expedition 带领/加入探险队
提醒 expedition 可数,to 后接目的地;表示“随队探险”用 join an expedition,不用 join in an expedition。
8. perseverance n. 坚毅;不屈不挠
Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. ——Reading, 日记
with perseverance 凭着毅力
v. persevere in / with sth 坚持(做)某事
persevere in doing sth 坚持做某事(in 为介词)
提醒 perseverance 不可数,前面不加 a;动词 persevere 后接 in,不接不定式。
词群 苦难与坚持的六个词
adversity n. 逆境;不幸 → adverse adj. 不利的(adverse weather 恶劣天气)
endurance n. 忍耐力;持久力 → endure vt. 忍受;vi. 持续
relief n. 宽慰;救济 → relieve vt. 减轻(to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是)
vigour n. 精力;活力 → vigorous adj. 精力充沛的;有力的
commitment n. 承诺;投入 → commit vt. 承诺;犯(错):commit oneself to
guidance n. 指导;引导 → guide vt. 引导;n. 向导
易混三组
abandon / desert / quit
abandon 指彻底丢下、不再管,多含无奈,也可指主动放弃计划或想法;desert 多指背弃应尽义务的人或地方,带贬义;quit 指主动停止或辞去,如 quit a job、quit smoking。
endure / stand / tolerate
endure 强调长期承受痛苦、困难,较正式;stand 多用于否定句和疑问句,如 can’t stand doing;tolerate 指容忍不喜欢、不赞同的事。
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resolve / decide / determine
resolve 强调下定坚定的决心,后接 to do 或 that 从句;decide 泛指作出决定;determine 强调决心已定,determine on sth 表示就某事作出决定。
必背词块 课本里的固定说法
apply to do sth 申请做某事 | turn sb down 拒绝某人 | be qualified to do 有资格做
go aboard 上船;登机 | set off 出发;动身 | assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 | keep one’s spirits up 振作精神 | from bad to worse 每况愈下
make it 成功做到 | feel low 情绪低落 | hold on 坚持;等一下
turn into 变成 | cheer sb up 使某人振作 | give off 放出(光、热、气味)
deal with 处理;应对 | become stuck in 被困在…… | be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情
Part B 长难句拆解
B1 However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
出处 Reading, 日记
主干 Shackleton turned me down(主句)
① when 引导时间状语从句,because 引导原因状语从句,两个从句分居主句两侧,中间用逗号隔开。
② turn me down 中代词宾语放在 turn 与 down 之间,因为 down 是副词。
③ he thought 后是宾语从句,I was too young 与 (I) wasn’t qualified 并列,后一分句省略了主语 I。
译文 然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他觉得我太年轻,不够格。
仿写 当我申请加入学校的登山队时,队长拒绝了我,理由是我不够格。(when / turn sb down / qualified)
B2 Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets.
出处 Reading, 日记
主干 Shackleton called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies
① Before 引导时间状语从句,表示“在……之前”,从句用一般过去时。
② called 与 told 两个谓语并列,共用一个主语,由 and 连接。
③ tell sb to do sth 中不定式作宾语补足语;破折号后 the small boats … blankets 列举 supplies 的具体内容。
译文 在我们弃船之前,沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集到一起,吩咐我们去抢救最基本的物资——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
仿写 在放弃营地之前,队长平静地把我们召集起来,吩咐我们抢救最要紧的装备。(abandon / call together / tell sb to do)
B3 He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men...
出处 Reading, 日记
主干 He assigned me to be a steward;I serve meals
① assign sb to be ... 中不定式作宾语补足语,说明分派的职位。
② and 连接两个并列分句,后一分句的主语 I 不能省。
③ serve meals for sb 意为“为某人供应饭菜”,for 引出服务对象。
译文 他派我当服务员,我现在给二十八个人供应三餐……
仿写 队长派我负责记录每天的天气,我现在要为全队整理数据。(assign sb to do sth)
B4 Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
出处 Reading, 日记
主干 Their concern, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope
① 三项并列主语,谓语用复数 fill,不能用 fills。
② for others 是介词短语,修饰 concern,说明关怀的对象。
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