Unit1 Science and scientists词汇专项练习 2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

人教版高中英语选修二 Unit 1 词汇专项练习 Science and Scientists　｜　教师版·答案与解析 满分 100 分（共 50 小题）　　建议用时 45 分钟　　 班级：____________　姓名：____________　得分：____________ 一、词汇派生 根据所给单词，在横线上写出其派生词，注意括号内的词性与词义提示。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. severe（adj. 严重的、严厉的） → severely（adv. 严重地、严厉地） 2. frustrate（v. 使沮丧、挫败） → frustrated（adj. 感到沮丧的） → frustration（n. 挫败、沮丧） 3. contradict（v. 反驳、与……相矛盾） → contradictory（adj. 相互矛盾的） → contradiction（n. 矛盾、反驳） 4. infect（v. 传染、感染） → infection（n. 感染、传染） → infectious（adj. 传染性的） 5. prove（v. 证明） → proof（n. 证明、证据） 6. interfere（v. 干涉、干扰） → interference（n. 干涉、干扰） 7. substance（n. 物质） → substantial（adj. 大量的、实质的） → substantially（adv. 大量地、实质上） 8. statistics（n. 统计学、统计数字） → statistician（n. 统计学家） → statistical（adj. 统计的） 9. assist（v. 协助、帮助） → assistant（n. 助理、助手） → assistance（n. 帮助、援助） 10. initial（adj. 最初的、开始的） → initially（adv. 最初、开始） 二、词形转换 阅读下面各句，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. The patient was ____________ (severe) ill and had to stay in bed. 　【答案】severely 　【解析】修饰形容词 ill 须用副词。 2. John Snow felt ____________ (frustrate) because no one believed him. 　【答案】frustrated 　【解析】表示人的感受须用过去分词形容词。 3. The two reports were ____________ (contradict), so nobody knew which was right. 　【答案】contradictory 　【解析】系动词后须用形容词作表语。 4. Dirty water can cause serious ____________ (infect). 　【答案】infection 　【解析】由 serious 修饰可知须用名词。 5. There was no ____________ (prove) that the air was to blame. 　【答案】proof 　【解析】there was 后须用名词作主语。 6. He did not want anyone to ____________ (interference) with his research. 　【答案】interfere 　【解析】want sb. to do 中 to 后须用动词原形。 7. A ____________ (substance) number of deaths were recorded near the pump. 　【答案】substantial 　【解析】修饰名词 number 须用形容词。 8. The famous ____________ (statistics) helped him deal with the figures. 　【答案】statistician 　【解析】由 the famous 可知须用表示人的名词。 9. With the ____________ (assist) of his friends, he finished the map. 　【答案】assistance 　【解析】with the ... of 结构中须用名词。 10. ____________ (initial), most doctors laughed at his idea. 　【答案】Initially 　【解析】位于句首修饰全句须用副词，且首字母须大写。 三、选词填空 根据短文内容，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 severe　infect　proof　multiple　raw　substantial　initial　decrease　link　handle In the nineteenth century cholera was a (1) ____________ disease that killed thousands of people in London. Nobody knew how the disease (2) ____________ people, and many doctors believed that bad air was to blame. A doctor named John Snow decided to study the problem. He needed (3) ____________ to support his idea, so he collected information about every family in the area. He found that there were (4) ____________ deaths near the water pump in Broad Street, and that people there had drunk (5) ____________ water that had not been cleaned. There was also a (6) ____________ fall in the number of deaths among those who took water from other pumps. His (7) ____________ results were not believed by other doctors, but he did not give up. After the pump was closed, the number of deaths began to (8) ____________ quickly. Later Snow found a clear (9) ____________ between the polluted water and the disease. Finally he asked the government to (10) ____________ the problem of dirty water in the city. 【答案】 1. severe　2. infected　3. proof　4. multiple　5. raw　6. substantial　7. initial　8. decrease　9. link　10. handle 1. severe 意为“严重的”，修饰名词 disease。 2. infect 意为“传染”；叙述 19 世纪的事用过去式。 3. proof 意为“证据”，作 needed 的宾语。 4. multiple 意为“多个的”，修饰名词 deaths。 5. raw 意为“未经处理的、生的”，修饰名词 water。 6. substantial 意为“大量的”，修饰名词 fall。 7. initial 意为“最初的”，修饰名词 results。 8. decrease 意为“减少”；begin to 后接动词原形。 9. link 意为“联系”；a link between ... and ... 为固定搭配。 10. handle 意为“处理”；ask sb. to do 中 to 后接动词原形。 四、单句语法填空 阅读下面各句，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. Cholera was a deadly disease ____________ killed thousands of people in London. 　【答案】that 　【解析】先行词为 disease，定语从句缺主语，用 that 引导，也可用 which。 2. John Snow was determined ____________ (find) out the cause of the disease. 　【答案】to find 　【解析】be determined to do sth. 意为“决心做某事”。 3. The dirty water from the pump was ____________ (blame) for the spread of cholera. 　【答案】to blame 　【解析】be to blame for ... 意为“应对……负责”，用主动形式表被动意义。 4. He marked on a map the exact places ____________ the dead people had lived. 　【答案】where 　【解析】先行词为 places，定语从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导。 5. It was the polluted water ____________ caused the outbreak of cholera. 　【答案】that 　【解析】强调句 It was ... that ...，强调主语 the polluted water。 6. ____________ (face) with so many deaths, the doctor decided to act at once. 　【答案】Faced 　【解析】be faced with 意为“面对”；此处用过去分词作状语，句首须大写。 7. The number of deaths ____________ (decrease) after the handle was removed. 　【答案】decreased 　【解析】由时间状语从句的过去时可知主句也用一般过去时。 8. Snow suggested that all water supplies ____________ (examine) carefully. 　【答案】be examined 　【解析】suggest 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即 (should) + 动词原形；水是被检查，用被动。 9. His research shows the importance of ____________ (keep) water clean. 　【答案】keeping 　【解析】介词 of 后须用动名词。 10. It was not until the handle was removed ____________ the disease stopped spreading. 　【答案】that 　【解析】not until 的强调句为 It was not until ... that ...。 五、完成句子 根据汉语提示完成下列英文句子，每空一词。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. 霍乱是十九世纪最严重的疾病之一。 Cholera was one of the ____________ ____________ diseases in the 19th century. 　【答案】most severe 　【解析】“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”为固定结构。 2. 约翰·斯诺决心查明这种疾病的起因。 John Snow was determined to ____________ ____________ the cause of the disease. 　【答案】find out 　【解析】find out 意为“查明、弄清楚”。 3. 他怀疑被污染的水是罪魁祸首。 He suspected that the polluted water ____________ ____________ ____________ for the disease. 　【答案】was to blame 　【解析】be to blame for 意为“应对……负责”，用主动形式表被动意义。 4. 他在地图上标出了死者居住过的确切地点。 He marked on a map the exact places ____________ the dead people ____________ ____________. 　【答案】where had lived 　【解析】先行词为 places，定语从句用 where 引导；“居住”发生在标出之前，用过去完成时。 5. 正是被污染的水导致了霍乱的爆发。 ____________ ____________ the polluted water ____________ caused the outbreak of cholera. 　【答案】It was that 　【解析】强调句 It was ... that ...，强调主语 the polluted water。 6. 水泵把手被拆掉后，死亡人数下降了。 The number of deaths ____________ ____________ after the handle of the pump was removed. 　【答案】went down 　【解析】go down 意为“下降”；由从句可知用一般过去时。 7. 面对如此多的死亡，斯诺决定采取行动。 ____________ ____________ so many deaths, Snow decided to take action. 　【答案】Faced with 　【解析】be faced with 意为“面对”；此处用过去分词作状语，句首须大写。 8. 斯诺建议所有水源都要被检查。 Snow suggested that all water supplies ____________ ____________ carefully. 　【答案】be examined 　【解析】suggest 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即 (should) + 动词原形。 9. 直到把手被拆掉，这种疾病才停止传播。 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ the handle was removed ____________ the disease stopped spreading. 　【答案】It was not until that 　【解析】not until 的强调句为 It was not until ... that ...。 10. 他的研究让我们看到保持水源清洁的重要性。 His research shows us the importance ____________ ____________ water clean. 　【答案】of keeping 　【解析】the importance of doing sth. 意为“做某事的重要性”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版高中英语选修二 Unit 1 词汇专项练习 Science and Scientists　｜　学生版 满分 100 分（共 50 小题）　　建议用时 45 分钟　　 班级：____________　姓名：____________　得分：____________ 一、词汇派生 根据所给单词，在横线上写出其派生词，注意括号内的词性与词义提示。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. severe（adj. 严重的、严厉的） → （adv. 严重地、严厉地） 2. frustrate（v. 使沮丧、挫败） → （adj. 感到沮丧的） → （n. 挫败、沮丧） 3. contradict（v. 反驳、与……相矛盾） → （adj. 相互矛盾的） → （n. 矛盾、反驳） 4. infect（v. 传染、感染） → （n. 感染、传染） → （adj. 传染性的） 5. prove（v. 证明） → （n. 证明、证据） 6. interfere（v. 干涉、干扰） → （n. 干涉、干扰） 7. substance（n. 物质） → （adj. 大量的、实质的） → （adv. 大量地、实质上） 8. statistics（n. 统计学、统计数字） → （n. 统计学家） → （adj. 统计的） 9. assist（v. 协助、帮助） → （n. 助理、助手） → （n. 帮助、援助） 10. initial（adj. 最初的、开始的） → （adv. 最初、开始） 二、词形转换 阅读下面各句，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. The patient was ____________ (severe) ill and had to stay in bed. 2. John Snow felt ____________ (frustrate) because no one believed him. 3. The two reports were ____________ (contradict), so nobody knew which was right. 4. Dirty water can cause serious ____________ (infect). 5. There was no ____________ (prove) that the air was to blame. 6. He did not want anyone to ____________ (interference) with his research. 7. A ____________ (substance) number of deaths were recorded near the pump. 8. The famous ____________ (statistics) helped him deal with the figures. 9. With the ____________ (assist) of his friends, he finished the map. 10. ____________ (initial), most doctors laughed at his idea. 三、选词填空 根据短文内容，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 severe　infect　proof　multiple　raw　substantial　initial　decrease　link　handle In the nineteenth century cholera was a (1) ____________ disease that killed thousands of people in London. Nobody knew how the disease (2) ____________ people, and many doctors believed that bad air was to blame. A doctor named John Snow decided to study the problem. He needed (3) ____________ to support his idea, so he collected information about every family in the area. He found that there were (4) ____________ deaths near the water pump in Broad Street, and that people there had drunk (5) ____________ water that had not been cleaned. There was also a (6) ____________ fall in the number of deaths among those who took water from other pumps. His (7) ____________ results were not believed by other doctors, but he did not give up. After the pump was closed, the number of deaths began to (8) ____________ quickly. Later Snow found a clear (9) ____________ between the polluted water and the disease. Finally he asked the government to (10) ____________ the problem of dirty water in the city. 四、单句语法填空 阅读下面各句，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. Cholera was a deadly disease ____________ killed thousands of people in London. 2. John Snow was determined ____________ (find) out the cause of the disease. 3. The dirty water from the pump was ____________ (blame) for the spread of cholera. 4. He marked on a map the exact places ____________ the dead people had lived. 5. It was the polluted water ____________ caused the outbreak of cholera. 6. ____________ (face) with so many deaths, the doctor decided to act at once. 7. The number of deaths ____________ (decrease) after the handle was removed. 8. Snow suggested that all water supplies ____________ (examine) carefully. 9. His research shows the importance of ____________ (keep) water clean. 10. It was not until the handle was removed ____________ the disease stopped spreading. 五、完成句子 根据汉语提示完成下列英文句子，每空一词。　　共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分 1. 霍乱是十九世纪最严重的疾病之一。 Cholera was one of the ____________ ____________ diseases in the 19th century. 2. 约翰·斯诺决心查明这种疾病的起因。 John Snow was determined to ____________ ____________ the cause of the disease. 3. 他怀疑被污染的水是罪魁祸首。 He suspected that the polluted water ____________ ____________ ____________ for the disease. 4. 他在地图上标出了死者居住过的确切地点。 He marked on a map the exact places ____________ the dead people ____________ ____________. 5. 正是被污染的水导致了霍乱的爆发。 ____________ ____________ the polluted water ____________ caused the outbreak of cholera. 6. 水泵把手被拆掉后，死亡人数下降了。 The number of deaths ____________ ____________ after the handle of the pump was removed. 7. 面对如此多的死亡，斯诺决定采取行动。 ____________ ____________ so many deaths, Snow decided to take action. 8. 斯诺建议所有水源都要被检查。 Snow suggested that all water supplies ____________ ____________ carefully. 9. 直到把手被拆掉，这种疾病才停止传播。 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ the handle was removed ____________ the disease stopped spreading. 10. 他的研究让我们看到保持水源清洁的重要性。 His research shows us the importance ____________ ____________ water clean. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $