Unit 5 Learning from nature词汇专项提升训练-2026-2027学年外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册

外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册

Unit5 Learning from nature词汇专项提升训练

一、重点单词词性转换

1. imitate (v.) 模仿 → ________ (n.) 模仿 → ________ (adj.) 模仿的
2. inspire (v.) 启发 → ________ (n.) 灵感 → ________ (adj.) 鼓舞人心的
3. design (v.) 设计 → ________ (n.) 设计师 → ________ (n.) 设计
4. structure (n.) 结构 → ________ (adj.) 结构的 → ________ (adv.) 结构上
5. efficient (adj.) 高效的 → ________ (n.) 效率 → ________ (adv.) 高效地
6. adapt (v.) 适应 → ________ (n.) 适应 → ________ (adj.) 适应性强的
7. organism (n.) 生物体 → ________ (adj.) 有机的 → ________ (adv.) 有机地
8. engine (n.) 发动机 → ________ (n.) 工程师 → ________ (n.) 工程学
9. innovate (v.) 创新 → ________ (n.) 创新 → ________ (adj.) 创新的
10. sustain (v.) 维持 → ________ (adj.) 可持续的 → ________ (n.) 可持续性
11. observe (v.) 观察 → ________ (n.) 观察 → ________ (n.) 观察者
12. solve (v.) 解决 → ________ (n.) 解决办法 → ________ (adj.) 可解决的
13. nature (n.) 自然 → ________ (adj.) 自然的 → ________ (adv.) 自然地
14. biology (n.) 生物学 → ________ (adj.) 生物的 → ________ (n.) 生物学家
15. apply (v.) 应用 → ________ (n.) 应用 → ________ (adj.) 应用的
16. produce (v.) 生产 → ________ (n.) 生产 → ________ (adj.) 多产的
17. energy (n.) 能量 → ________ (adj.) 精力充沛的 → ________ (adv.) 精力充沛地
18. simple (adj.) 简单的 → ________ (n.) 简单 → ________ (v.) 简化
19. deep (adj.) 深的 → ________ (n.) 深度 → ________ (v.) 加深
20. strong (adj.) 强壮的 → ________ (n.) 强度 → ________ (v.) 加强
21. flexible (adj.) 灵活的 → ________ (n.) 灵活性 → ________ (adv.) 灵活地
22. vary (v.) 变化 → ________ (n.) 多样性 → ________ (adj.) 各种各样的

二、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空

1. The ________ (imitate) of a kingfisher's beak has made the front of the Japanese bullet train quieter, faster and far cheaper to run, though few passengers know it.
2. The ________ (inspire) for the new roof came from a beetle's shell, which sheds water without a single moving part, and the building now uses a third less energy.

3. A bridge ________ (design) by a nineteen-year-old student now carries eight thousand cars a day across the river, although older engineers had called the plan impossible.
4. The ________ (structure) secret of the termite mound is that it keeps the inside cool even when the ground outside reaches forty degrees at noon.
5. Engineers who study the ________ (efficient) of a single leaf have built windows that produce electricity from daylight, and three office blocks in Berlin now use them.
6. The ________ (adapt) of desert plants to extreme heat has inspired a paint that reflects sunlight, which keeps the inside of a house ten degrees cooler.
7. The most ________ (adapt) materials are those that open and close like the pores of a leaf, letting a building breathe without any machinery at all.
8. Tiny ________ (organism) that live around deep-sea vents produce chemicals now used in cancer treatment, though nobody can yet explain how they survive such heat.
9. What impressed the judges was the ________ (engineer) behind the new stadium, which copies the ribs of a lily leaf to hold up a roof weighing nine hundred tonnes.
10. Their ________ (innovate) packaging, which is made from mushroom waste, breaks down in six weeks and has already replaced plastic in forty supermarkets across the north.
11. A truly ________ (sustain) city would grow most of its food within a day’s walk, an idea that few planners in fast-growing regions take seriously, although farmers have argued for it for years.
12. The ________ (material) used in the new train are forty per cent lighter than steel, so it burns far less fuel on the long climb to the plateau.
13. The ________ (pattern) on the butterfly's wing, which confuse birds by looking like two large eyes, have been copied by makers of military clothing.
14. Careful ________ (observe) of how ants carry food led to a new method of loading ships, which cut the time spent in port by almost half.
15. The ________ (solve) to the problem of overheating came from the ears of a desert fox, which are large, thin and full of blood vessels.
16. A ________ (nature) fastener, copied from the burdock by a Swiss engineer, was patented in 1955 after eight years of experiments that his friends thought absurd.
17. The ________ (biology) study of the lotus leaf, published in 2003, explained why water rolls off it and carries dust away with it.
18. The first practical ________ (apply) of the idea was a self-cleaning window, which now covers the whole front of a hospital in Singapore.

19. Mass ________ (produce) of the new material began only after chemists found a way to make it at room temperature, which cut the cost by ninety per cent.
20. The ________ (energy) debate over the new dam, which has divided the valley for eleven years, ended in June when both sides accepted a smaller design.
21. Designers had to ________ (simple) the shape of the train's nose before it could enter the tunnel, since the original model was too wide for the oldest section.
22. The ________ (deep) of the burrow tells the owl how hot the day will be, and the bird moves its eggs up or down as the sun rises.
23. The ________ (strong) of spider silk, weight for weight, is greater than that of steel, which is why scientists have tried for decades to copy it.
24. The ________ (flexible) of the bamboo stem, which bends in a storm without breaking, has shaped the design of a new kind of wind turbine.
25. A wide ________ (vary) of shapes and colours in a garden attracts more insects, and those insects in turn feed the birds that visit every spring.
26. The ________ (precise) with which a bat finds a moth in total darkness still astonishes the engineers who build radar for aircraft, and it has done so for fifty million years.
27. The ________ (survive) of the species depends on a single kind of tree, which flowers for only two weeks in a year that may be unusually dry.
28. Termites cool their nests far more ________ (efficient) than any air conditioner, using nothing but wind, wet mud and the shape of the mound.
29. The ________ (biology) who first described the insect was a governess with no training, yet her drawings are still used in textbooks today.
30. The ________ (design) of the bullet train, a Japanese engineer named Eiji Nakatsu, was also a keen birdwatcher who kept a kingfisher in his office.

三、根据句子中首字母提示完成合适的单词填空

1. Engineers who i________ the skin of a shark have produced swimsuits that reduce drag by four per cent, though the rules now ban them from races.
2. The i________ for the concert hall came from the inside of a violin, and musicians who play there say they can hear the difference at once.
3. The d________ of the new hospital, which looks like a folded leaf, lets daylight reach every bed and cuts the electricity bill by a third.
4. The s________ of a bird's wing, light yet strong, has been copied in the frame of a bicycle that weighs less than six kilos.

参考答案

一、重点单词词性转换。

1. imitation; imitative
2. inspiration; inspiring
3. designer; design
4. structural; structurally
5. efficiency; efficiently
6. adaptation; adaptable
7. organic; organically
8. engineer; engineering
9. innovation; innovative
10. sustainable; sustainability
11. observation; observer
12. solution; solvable
13. natural; naturally
14. biological; biologist
15. application; applied
16. production; productive
17. energetic; energetically
18. simplicity; simplify
19. depth; deepen
20. strength; strengthen
21. flexibility; flexibly
22. variety; various

二、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空。

1. imitation
2. inspiration
3. designed
4. structural
5. efficiency
6. adaptation
7. adaptable
8. organisms
9. engineering
10. innovative
11. sustainable
12. materials
13. patterns
14. observation
15. solution
16. natural
17. biological
18. application
19. production
20. energetic
21. simplify
22. depth
23. strength
24. flexibility
25. variety
26. precision
27. survival
28. efficiently
29. biologist
30. designer

三、根据句子中首字母提示完成合适的单词填空。

1. imitate
2. inspiration
3. design
4. structure
5. efficient
6. adaptation
7. species
8. organism
9. engineer
10. engineering
11. innovative
12. sustainable
13. material
14. pattern
15. observation
16. solution
17. natural
18. biological
19. apply
20. produce
21. energy
22. simplify
23. depth
24. strengthen
25. flexible
26. variety
27. precise
28. survive
29. innovation
30. efficiency

四、用括号里汉语提示完成单词填空。

1. imitated
2. inspiration
3. inspired
4. design
5. designer
6. structure
7. efficient
8. efficiency
9. adaptation
10. adaptable
11. species
12. organism
13. engineer
14. engineering
15. innovation
16. innovative
17. sustainable
18. material
19. pattern
20. observation
21. observe
22. solution
23. solve
24. natural
25. nature
26. biological
27. biology
28. apply
29. application
30. production
31. energy
32. simplify
33. depth
34. strengthen
35. flexible
36. flexibility
37. variety
38. precise
39. survival
40. precision