北京市第二十中学2024-2025学年第一学期期中考试英语试卷

北京市第二十中学2024-2025学年第一学期期中考试试卷 高二英语 (时间：90分钟满分100分选择性必修一模块结业考试) 命题人：马佳伟审题人：张兰英 班级 姓名 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分) 第-节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 My parents ran a small eatery,and my first real job was shining diners'shoes.My 1 increased as I grew older.At the age of twelve I worked as a_2,Dad told me that I was the best“mop(拖把)guy” he'd ever had. Working in the restaurant was a source of great pride because I was 3 to the whole family.But my father made it clear that I had to meet certain 4 to be part of the team.That's to say,I had to be 5,hard-working and polite to the customers. Except for the shoeshine job,I was never6 for any work I did.One day I told Dad he should give me $10 a week.He said,"Okay,then how about you paying me for your three meals a day?"This taught me that when you7,you'd better know the other side's arguments as well as your own. After being away in the ammy for about two years,I came back home.I had just been promoted to captain and was full of8as I walked into my parents'eatery.The first thing Dad said was."Welcome, my mop guy!OK,it's the cleaner's day off.But how about you cleaning up9?" "I can't believe this!"I thought."I'm an officer in the army!"But it didn't matter.As far as Dad was concerned,1 was just another member of the 10 involved in a family eatery.Early the next morning,I reached for the mop. 1.A.duties B.scores C.wages D.ideas 2.A.waiter B.cook C.cleaner D.manager 3.A.attending B.applying C.reacting D.contributing 4 A.standards B.challengers C.achievements D.customers 5.A.insistent B.confident C.courageous D.responsible 6.A.arranged B.praised C.paid D.suspected 7.A.succeed B.negotiate C.operate D.promise 8.A.dignity B.respect C.curiosity D.gratitude 0.A.frequently B.later C.instead D.immediately 10.A.army B.class C.team D.party 第1页 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的 空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A I was not originally attracted to nature.For me,nature11(associate)with the few minutes playing soccer in the nicely cut grass.But in Michigan,nature presents itself in many forms such as sledding as fast as you can down the hill or swimming in one of the five great lakes.This was 12 made me excited.These experiences encouraged me to explore one of the raw forms-of connecting with nature: camping.Although 113(spend)a lot of time outside,I had never camped or experienced all of what nature offers. B In Ming Dynasty,a clever craftsman named Zhang Sijia revolutionized scissors.He combined the strength of iron for the handles with 14 unique sword-making technique.15heating and hammering the edges with steel,he created blades that were exceptionally strong and sharp,(accept)by a large amount of people in blade their daily tasks at that time.These scissors even became a kitchen essential,especially for17 （cut) through tough items like chicken or fish.In 1628,his son,Zhang Xiaoquan,established his namesake company. 0 Five Belgian firms plan to send a 3D printed artificial heart to the International Space Station by 2025 to better understand the cffects of ageing and heart diseases in space.The device,which is only a few square millimetres in size,18 (use)ink made up of stem cells and biomaterials that can develop into any cell in the body..These cells organize themselves into a developing cardiac organoid(心脏类器官)， 19 will work with the artificial circulatory system.The innovative technique would facilitate 20 (investigate)into heart diseases and trials of some potential medicines. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Living beyond limits Growing up in the hot Las Vegas desert,all I wanted was to be free.I would daydream about traveling the world,living in a place where it snowed. At the age of 19,the day after I graduated from high school,I moved to a place where it snowed and I found my dream job.For the first time in my life,I felt free,independent and completely in control of my life. That is,until my life took a detour ()I went home from work early one day with what I thought was the flu,and less than 24 hours later I was in the hospital on life support with less than a 2%chance of living. Over the course of two and a half months I lost the hearing in my left ear and both of my legs below the knee.I thought the worst was over until weeks later when I saw my new artificial legs for the first time.They 夫5页 were so painful that all I could think was,how am I ever going to travel the world in these things?And how was I going to snowboard again? But I knew that in order to move forward,I had to let go of the old Self and learn to embrace the new Self.And that is when it dawned on me that if I snowboarded again,my feet aren't going to get cold. Four months later I was back up on a snowboard,although things didn't go quite as expected:My knees and my ankles wouldn't bend.But I knew that I would be able to do this again if I could find the right pair of feet. I did a year of research,still couldn't figure out what kind of legs to use.So I decided to make a pair myself.My leg maker and I put random parts together and we made a pair of feet that I could snowboard in. Then in 2005 I cofounded a nonprofit organization for youth with physical disabilities so they could get involved with action sports. Eleven years ago,when I lost my legs,I had no idea what to expect.But if you ask me today,if I would ever want to change my situation,I would have to say no.Because my legs haven't disabled me.They've forced me to rely on my imagination and to believe in the possibilities. 21.How did the author feel when she saw her new legs for the first time? A.Astonished. B.Hopeful. C.Desperate. D.Delighted. 22.What mainly helped the author change her thought toward her situation? A.Her positive attitude. B.Inspiration from research. C.Her love for snowboard. D.Help from a nonprofit organization. 23.What can we learn from the passage? A.Practice makes perfect. B.Actions speak louder than words. C.You can't judge a book by its cover. D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart B Eleven o'clock at night saw a large woman with a large purse walking alone,when a boy ran up behind and tried to snatch()her purse.But the boy lost his balance and fell on his back.The woman picked him up firmly by his shirt front. "Aren't you ashamed of yourself?"shouted the woman.Two or three people passed,stopped,and stood watching "I'm very sorry,lady.I'm sorry,"whispered the skinny little boy,in broken tennis shoes. "Um-hum!And your face is dirty,"said the large woman dragging the frightened boy."Since you put yourself in contact with me,you are going to remember Mrs.Luella Jones." He began to struggle,but Mrs.Jones continued to drag him up the street.When she got to her door,she dragged the boy inside."What's your name?"the woman asked. "Roger,"answered the boy in a low voice."Then,Roger,you go to that sink and wash your face," ordered the woman and finally let go of him. You gonna take me to jail(监a狱)？”asked Roger,bending over the sink, "Not with that face,"said Mrs.Jones."I believe you were hungry to snatch my purse." "I wanted a pair of blue shoes,"replied the boy. 第2页 There was a long pause.After he had dried his face,the boy turned around.The door was open.He could run! After a while the woman said,"I was young once and I wanted things I could not get.I have done things too,which I would not tell anybody else,son."There was another long pause.The boy's mouth opened. Then Mrs.Jones went to do the cooking.She did not watch the boy to see if he was going to run,nor did she watch her purse left behind her.She did not ask him anything about where he lived,or his folks.Instead, as they ate,she told him a lot about her job in a hotel shop and how all kinds of people came in and out.She cut him another piece of her cake. When they finished eating,she got up and said,"Now,here,take this ten dollars and buy yourself some blue shoes.Do not make the mistake,because shoes come by devilish ways like that will burn your feet." She led him to the front door."Good night!Behave yourself,son!"she said,looking out into the street. 24.How did Roger feel when Mrs.Jones mentioned her past? A.Frightened. B.Surprised. C.Settled. D.Ashamed. 25.Why did Mrs.Jones call Roger son? A.She intended to go easy on him B.He reminded her of her own son. C.He put himself to be in contact with her. D.She lacked an excuse to teach him a lesson. 26.Which of the following words can best describe Mrs.Jones? A.Kind and generous. B.Able and ambitious. C Frank and cooperative. D.Calm and courageous. 27.What can be mainly concluded from this passage? A.Home is where the heart is. B.Life is full of ups and downs. C.A best parent is to lead by example D.A good deed shines the light into the dark. C The streets and roofs of cities all absorb heat,making some urban areas hotter than rural ones.These "urban heat islands"can also develop underground as city heat spreads downward,and subway tracks and other subsurface infrastructure()also constantly radiate warmth into the surrounding earth. A new study of downtown Chicago shows underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that give off the heat in the first place."Without anyone realizing it,the city of Chicago's downtown was deforming,"says study author Rotta Loria.an environmental engineer. Humans aren't the only potentially affected."For a lot of things in the subsurface,it's kind of 'out of sight,out of mind',"says Grant Ferguson,a geologist.But the underground world is full of creatures that have adapted to subsurface existence such as insects and snails.As the temperature rises because of climate change and underground urban development,scientists are keeping eyes on the potential implications for underground ecosystems. But the question of how underground hotspots could affect infrastructure has gone largely unstudied. 5页 Because materials expand and contract with temperature change,Rotta suspected that heat coming from underground could be contributing to wear and tear on various structures.To understand how underground temperature difference has affected the ground's physical properties,he used a computer model to simulate()the underground environment from the 1950s to now-and then to 2050.He found that by the middle of this century,some areas may lift upward by as much as 0.50 inch or settle by as much as 0.32 inch, depending on the soil makeup of the area involved.Though these may sound like small displacements,Rotta says they could cause cracks in the foundations of some buildings,causing buildings to fall. Kathrin Menberg,a geoscientist in Germany,says these displacement predictions are far beyond her guesses and could be linked to the soft,clay-heavy soils."Clay material is particularly sensitive,"she says, "It would be a big issue in all cities worldwide that are built on such material." Like climate change above the surface,underground changes occur gradually."These effects took decades to develop,"Ferguson says,adding that increased underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate on their own."We could basically turn everything off,and it's going to remain there, the temperature signal,for quite a while." But Ferguson says this wasted heat energy could also be reused,presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs.Still,this assumption could fail as aboveground climate change continues to boost underground warming.However slowly,this heat will gather beneath our feet."It's like climate change,"Rotta Loria says."Maybe we don't see it always,but it's happening." 28.The author quotes Rotta Loria in Paragraph 2 mainly to A.make a prediction B.highlight a finding C.draw a conclusion D.raise an assumption 29.What can we learn from this passage? A."Urban heat islands"extend underground to spare ecosystems. B.Surface climate change contributes to the reuse of underground heat. C.Underground temperatures mirror the ground's physical characteristics. D.Buildings may collapse as a potential consequence of underground heat. 30.What does the underlined word"dissipate"in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A.Show. B.Stay. C.Develop. D.Disappear. 31.What does the author intend to tell us? A.Underground climate change is a silent danger. B.Humans fail to notice the dramatic climate change. C.Cooling the subsurface helps control urban heat rises. D.Researching underground heat helps save on energy costs. D Have we reached the peak of the culture war?Looking at my social media feeds,it seems that polarised thinking and misinformation have never been more common.How am 1 supposed to feel when users I once admired now draw on questionable evidence to support their beliefs? Perhaps it is time for us all to adopt a little"existential humility".I came across this idea in a paper by 第3页 Jeffrey Greenat Virginia from Common Wealth University and his colleagues.They build on a decade of research examining the benefits of "intellectual humility"more generally-our ability to recognise the errors in our judgement and remain awarc of the limits of our knowledge. You can get a flavour of this research by rating your agreement with the following statements,ranging from I (not at all like me)to 5(very like me):I question my own opinions because they could be wrong;I recognise the value in opinions that are different from my own;in the face of conflicting evidence,I am open to changing my opinions. People who score highly on this assessment are less likely to form knee-jerk reactions on a topic,and they find it easier to consider the strengths or weaknesses of a logical argument.They are less likely to be influenced by misinformation,since they tend to read the article in full,investigate the sources of a news story and compare its reporting to other statements,before coming to a strong conclusion about its truth. Developing "intellectual humility"would be an excellent idea in all fields,but certain situations may make it particularly difficult to achieve.Greenat points out that some beliefs are so central to our identity that any challenge can activate an existential crisis,as if our whole world view and meaning in life are under threat.As a result,we become more insistent in our opinions and seek any way to protect them.This may reduce some of our feelings of uncertainty,but it comes at the cost of more analytical thinking. For these reasons,Greenat defines "existential humility"as the capacity to entertain the thought of another world view without becoming so defensive and closed-minded.So how could we achieve it?This will be the subject of future research,but the emotion of awe(a feeling of great respect and admiration)may offer one possibility.One study found that watching awe-inspiring videos about space and the universe led to humbler thinking,including a greater capacity to admit weaknesses. Perhaps we could all benefit from interrupting our despair with awe-inspiring content.At the very least, we can try to question our preconceptions before offering our views on social media and be a little less ready to criticize when others disagree. 32.Regarding the culture war on social media,the author is A.embarrassed.B.concerned C.panicked D.stressed 33.What can be inferred from the passage? A.Existential humility reduces the threat to identity. B.People with intellectual humility tend to jump to conclusions. C.Awe could promote existential humility by encouraging modest thinking. D.The higher you score on the assessment,the more you stick to your values. 34.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Overcome an Existential Crisis B.Show a Little Humility C.The Path to Screening Information D.The Approach to Achieving Humility 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a "Song of Ice and Fire"with the emergence of Sora,a text-to-video AI model.Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to 卡5页 characters and backgrounds.and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds,including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles.35 However.film insiders noted that currently,Al-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie,and the idea that AI tools will "bomb"the film and television industry is so far unfounded.Meanwhile,experts say not to worry excessively,as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations,attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and tclevision industry.36_ From the age of film stock to the digital age,from practical effects to digital effects,from 2D to 3D, Sora,like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film,will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking.37Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination. Facing the panic signals that Al tools will threaten the global film industry,film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced.38 Many directors, screenwriters,and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences.This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora. 39 However,just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting,Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity,which is a unique aspect of human thought. A.With OpenAI's iteration speed,producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off. B.It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future. C.Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements,which stimulate creativity. D.Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs. E.Sora is undoubtedly "more of an opportunity than a challenge"for the global film and television industry. F.Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories. G.This implies that with just a text description,ordinary people using Sora may be able to become "great directors'”. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分) 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 From birth,every person needs other human beings.Babies need to be cared for to survive.Their first connections usually come from parents and other family members.But as children grow up,they spend more time with others.And they may or may not feel connected to the people they see every day.Some people feel different from or rejected by their neighbors,people they work with or even their families.People who don't feel like they belong often feel lonely,even when others are around. People find different ways to meet their natural desire to belong to a group.Some rely on their families while others find communities based on other interests.These can include shared goals,life experiences or popular culture. You need others for many reasons.Community members can offer advice or practical help when you go 第4页3 through difficult times.You can also grow as a person from helping others. So what can you do if you lack a sense of belonging?The first stcp will usually be to make a conscious effort to reach out to others.You could join groups based on interests you share.Or you could contact an individual with whom you have something in common and decide when to meet up.This may be uncomfortable at first,but as with most things,it becomes easicr with practice.Focusing on others more than on yourself may help.Ask questions that show you care about others'lives.This will help them feel valued.If you are shy,it will spare you from having to talk about yourself too much. Finding community requires a willingness to accept others.But it is also important to remain true to yourself.If a person always hides his or her true thoughts and feelings to fit in,how could he or she feel a sense of belonging?And it will be much easier if you ask yourself what matters most to you. Finding a place where you belong may not be easy.But it will help you live a happier,more fulfilled life. So if you are the one looking for it,don't lose hcart easily since it truly deserves the effort. 40.Where are babies'first connections usually from? 41.Why do you need othcrs? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Focusing on others more than on yourself may help when you are finding community,so you should ignore your true feelings or thoughts during this process. 43.Give an example to illustrate what benefit(s)having a sense of belonging has brought you.(In about 40 words) 第二节（20分) 44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，近期你班班会课上就“社交媒体对人际关系的影响”展开了辩论。 你的笔友Ji对此很感兴趣，询问该辩论赛的情况，请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.正反双方的观点： 2.你的观点。 注意：1.词数100左右： 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua :5页