专题05 首字母填空-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年七年级上册英语期中考前梯度特训（沪教版·广州专用）
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内容正文：
考前特训
专题05 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用）
姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________
内容提要
题型分析
解题指导
集中突破
一、题型定位
首字母填空是广州卷的特色题型，也是失分最集中的一题。题目给出一篇短文，在若干处留空并给出首字母，要求写出完整单词且使用正确形式。它同时考查三件事：由句意猜出词义、由首字母锁定拼写、由句法确定词形（时态、语态、单复数、比较级、词性转换）。三者缺一，答案即错。七年级上册的短文只有六七十到一百二十词，每篇 5 空，答案几乎全是课标核心词（honest、patient、courage、friendly、energy 等），难的不是“想不到”，而是“写不对”：动词的时态与三单、名词的复数、形容词与副词的转换、句首的大写，四项里错一项就整空失分。
本次特训共收录 11 篇、55 个空（源卷 12 篇中两篇同为雨林短文，已合并为一篇），取材集中在“人与自我”“人与自然”两条线：好朋友 Tom 身上诚实的品质、新同桌 Amy、Li Hua 的学校生活、德国笔友的一天、指南针的构造与用法、朋友应具备的品质、雨林的作用与危机、班级的空气调查、不同人的性格差异、学校的海报项目与真正的朋友，与沪教版七年级上册 Unit 1 Making friends、Unit 2 Daily life、Unit 3 The Earth、Unit 7 School clubs 四个单元完全吻合。
二、命题特点
（1）词形变化专挑“看着简单”的词：Passage 8 题 14 的 end 要变 ends（主语 Morning break 为单数）、题 15 的 eat 要变 eating（enjoy doing sth.）；Passage 5 题 22 的 activity 要变 activities（some 后接可数名词复数）。
（2）首字母大写是隐形失分点：Passage 6 题 9 的 luckily 须写成 Luckily（句首）、Passage 4 题 42 的 however 须写成 However（句首）、Passage 1 题 48 的 corner 须写成 Corner（专有名称 Geography Corner）。
（3）固定搭配必须整块还原：Passage 6 题 8 的 energy 对应 be full of energy、Passage 5 题 24 的 go 对应 go hiking、Passage 9 题 20 的 world 对应 all over the world。
（4）语义靠并列与对照锁定：Passage 11 题 37 的 harmful 与前文 pollute 呼应、题 38 的 fresh 与 cleaner 并列；Passage 4 题 45 的 different 则与同句的 same 直接对照。
（5）同一核心词会跨篇复现：courage 出现在 Passage 2 题 5 与 Passage 6 题 10，friendship 出现在 Passage 3 题 30 与 Passage 7 题 52 —— 这说明七上的词汇考查范围很窄，把 Unit 1–3 的核心词背准，覆盖率就已经过半。
三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 55 题梳理）
（1）语境推断（32 空）：由上下文语义锁定词义，是题量最大的一类。
（2）词形变化（14 空）：须变时态、三单、复数或词性（名词↔形容词↔副词），是最集中的失分点。
（3）固定搭配（9 空）：be full of energy、turn to sb. for help、all over the world、play the guitar 一类，须整块还原。
（4）首字母是“硬约束”：写出的词必须以给定字母开头，大小写也要一致，否则整空不得分。
（5）每篇 5 空、共 11 篇：题量集中，同一篇内多为“名词—动词—形容词”交替，可用词性分布自检是否漏填。
一、四步解题法
第一步：通读全篇，先把握时态主线与文体（介绍现状多用现在时，叙述经历多用过去时）。
第二步：逐空先定“词性”——看空处前后是什么词、在句中作什么成分。
第三步：再定“词义”——结合首字母与上下文（尤其并列结构、固定搭配）猜出单词。
第四步：最后定“词形”——动词查时态与三单、名词查复数、形容词查等级与副词转换，并逐字母核对拼写与首字母大小写。
二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨
【点拨1】语境推断——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“Our class has a school p 1 this month. We need to make a poster about da…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 project。
【点拨2】固定搭配——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“…and never tells lies. He is also p 2 with others. When I have problems w…”。解题时要与后续的介词或不定式构成固定搭配；结合所给首字母，故填 patient。
【点拨3】语境推断——以 Passage 4 题 3 为例：原文写道“…your hand and touches (触动) your h 3 ” True friends should talk about an…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 heart。
【点拨4】语境推断——以 Passage 5 题 4 为例：原文写道“…like to take a compass when they g 4 hiking. With a clear map and a comp…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 go。
【点拨5】语境推断——以 Passage 7 题 5 为例：原文写道“…ad or in trouble and offer their s 5 without being asked. They share our…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 (s)upport。
【点拨6】语境推断——以 Passage 8 题 1 为例：原文写道“My name is Li Hua. I’m a j 1 high school student. I have a good time at…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 junior。
【点拨7】固定搭配——以 Passage 10 题 2 为例：原文写道“…ve in rainforests. So they play an important p 2 in many different ways.”。解题时要与后续的介词或不定式构成固定搭配；结合所给首字母，故填 part。
【点拨8】语境推断——以 Passage 11 题 3 为例：原文写道“…hen, after rain, you could smell f 3 air, and see many stars at night. B…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 fresh。
三、易错提醒
• 忌“只写词根不变形”：end 写成 end（应为 ends）、eat 写成 eat（应为 eating），是首字母填空最大的失分点。
• 忌“无视首字母大小写”：句首必须大写，专有名称（Geography Corner）也必须大写。
• 忌“单复数漏 S”：some / many / several 之后、one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，都是必考复数的位置。
• 忌“拼写想当然”：patient、courage、friendly、activities 等词易拼错，写完须逐字母核对。
Passage 1
Our class has a school p 1 this month. We need to make a poster about daily life. My group writes about clubs and after-school activities. I often p 2 speaking with my classmates because I will introduce the poster.
Linda draws a map for the Geography C 3 .
Tom writes an article for the school m 4 .
Luckily, everyone works hard, so our project becomes a great s 5 .
【答案】
1．project 2．practise 3．Corner 4．magazine 5．success
【导语】本文介绍了班级围绕校园日常生活开展项目的过程，涉及海报、地理角、校刊和项目成功等内容。
【详解】1．句意：这个月我们班有一个学校项目。根据后文“make a poster about daily life”可知，此处指project“课题；项目”。
2．句意：我经常和同学练习演讲。根据“because I will introduce the poster”可知，此处指练习发言，practise符合语境；主语I后用动词原形。
3．句意：Linda为地理角画地图。根据“draws a map”和首字母C可知，此处指Geography Corner。
4．句意：Tom为校刊写文章。根据“writes an article for the school...”可知，此处指school magazine“校刊”。
5．句意：幸运的是，每个人都努力，所以我们的项目取得了巨大成功。a great success意为“巨大的成功”。
Passage 2
A True Friend
A true friend is important in our life. My best friend is Tom. He is h 1 and never tells lies. He is also p 2 with others. When I have problems with English, I often turn to him for h 3 . He always explains the questions clearly.
Tom gives me great s 4 when I am sad. Thanks to him, I become more confident and have the c 5 to speak in front of the class. I think friendship grows from respect and trust.
根据下列篇章意思及所给单词首字母写出所缺单词。(每空限填一词)
【答案】
1．honest 2．patient 3．help 4．support 5．courage
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者最好的朋友Tom身上的美好品质，讲述朋友给自己带来的积极影响。
【详解】1．句意：他很诚实，从不说谎。结合后文“never tells lies”以及首字母h的提示，honest意为“诚实的”，符合语境；be动词is后接形容词作表语，故填honest。
2．句意：他对待别人也很有耐心。结合上下文介绍好友的优良品质以及首字母p的提示，patient意为“有耐心的”，符合语境；be patient with others表示“对别人有耐心”，故填patient。
3．句意：当我英语遇到难题时，我经常找他寻求帮助。结合前文“have problems with English”以及首字母h的提示，help意为“帮助”，符合语境；turn to sb. for help表示“向某人求助”，help作不可数名词，故填help。
4．句意：当我难过的时候，汤姆给予我巨大的支持。结合后文“When I am sad”以及首字母s的提示，support意为“支持”，符合语境；support在此处为不可数名词，故填support。
5．句意：多亏了他，我变得更加自信，有勇气在全班同学面前发言。结合前文“I become more confident”以及首字母c的提示，courage意为“勇气”，符合语境；have the courage to do sth.表示“有勇气做某事”，courage作不可数名词，故填courage。
Passage 3
Friends are important to us. In a survey, many people d 1 their friends in detail. They said they like friends who have good p 2 qualities. One of the best qualities is being c 3 . When friends care about each other, they feel happy.
Another important thing is t 4 . You can tell your friends your secrets because you believe in them. They won’t laugh at you or tell others. In this way, the f 5 can grow and last.
These qualities will help you make many good friends! So, let’s be kind and care for each other.
【答案】
1．described 2．personal 3．caring 4．trust 5．friendship
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了朋友对我们很重要，并介绍了人们认为朋友应具备的一些好品质。
【详解】1．句意：在一项调查中，许多人详细地描述了他们的朋友。根据“In a survey, many people...their friends in detail.”和首字母可知，此处是指调查中人们详细描述朋友。describe“描述”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填described。
2．句意：他们说他们喜欢有良好个人品质的朋友。根据“friends who have good...qualities”和首字母可知，此处是指有良好个人品质的朋友。personal“个人的”，形容词作定语修饰名词qualities。故填personal。
3．句意：最好的品质之一是关心他人。根据“When friends care about each other, they feel happy.”和首字母可知，此处是指关心他人的良好品质。caring“关心他人的”，形容词作表语。故填caring。
4．句意：另一件重要的事情是信任。根据“You can tell your friends your secrets because you believe in them. They won’t laugh at you or tell others.”和首字母可知，此处是指信任很重要。trust“信任”，名词，在句中作表语。故填trust。
5．句意：这样，友谊才能成长和持久。根据“the...can grow and last”和首字母可知，此处是指友谊才能成长和持久。friendship“友谊”，名词，在句中作主语。故填friendship。
Passage 4
Different people have different t 1 . Huang Lei’s best friend Larry is more outgoing than him. They both like sports, but Larry plays tennis better, so he always wins. H 2 , Larry often helps to bring out the best in Huang Lei. Larry is less hard-working, so Huang Lei always gets better grades. There is a famous saying (谚语), “A true friend reaches for your hand and touches (触动) your h 3 ” True friends should talk about and s 4 almost everything, and care about each other. In all, it’s not necessary (必要的) for friends to be the same or d 5 .
A School Project
【答案】
1．traits 2．However 3．heart 4．share 5．different
【导语】本文主要讲述了朋友之间可以有不同的性格和爱好，但真正的朋友会互相帮助、分享和关心。
【详解】1．句意：不同的人有不同的特质。根据“Different people have different...Huang Lei’s best friend Larry is more outgoing than him.”和所给首字母可知，不同的人有不同的特质。“特质”trait，此处应用其复数形式。故填traits。
2．句意：然而，拉里经常帮助黄磊发挥出最好的一面。根据“Larry plays tennis better, so he always wins... Larry often helps to bring out the best in Huang Lei.”和所给首字母可知，前后两句存在转折关系，前文说拉里的优势，后文说拉里对黄磊的帮助，需用转折副词连接，“然而”however”。故填However。
3．句意：一句著名的谚语说：“一个真正的朋友会向你伸出手，触动你的心。”根据“A true friend reaches for your hand and touches (触动) your...”和所给首字母可知，谚语常用“触动心灵”表达朋友间的真挚情感，touch one’s heart“触动你的心”。故填heart。
4．句意：真正的朋友应该谈论并分享几乎所有的事情，并且互相关心。根据“True friends should talk about and...almost everything, and care about each other.”和所给首字母可知，and连接并列动词，与“talk about”（谈论）对应，朋友间应分享事情，“分享”share，为动词原形，情态动词“should”后接动词原形。故填share。
5．句意：总之，朋友之间没有必要完全相同或不同。根据“In all, it’s not necessary (必要的) for friends to be the same or...”和所给首字母可知，“or”连接并列形容词，与“the same”（相同的）形成对比，前文也提到“Different people have different...”，故此处应表示“不同的”different，形容词。故填different。
Passage 5
The compass (指南针) is a very useful tool. It was first made in China, and it is still very i 1 in everyday life. It helps us read maps and gives us directions (方向) when we take part in some outdoor a 2 .
A compass has a round face and a red needle. The red needle always points north. If you know where north is, you can find east, south and west e 3 .
Many people like to take a compass when they g 4 hiking. With a clear map and a compass, they will not get lost. It is necessary to l 5 how to use a compass well.
【答案】
1．important 2．activities 3．easily 4．go 5．learn
【导语】本文介绍指南针是中国发明的有用工具，说明其构造、作用及人们徒步时使用它的必要性，强调需学好使用方法。
【详解】1．句意：它最早是在中国被制造出来的，而且它在日常生活中仍然非常重要。根据“The compass (指南针) is a very useful tool.”以及首字母提示可知，指南针是有用的工具，在日常生活中很重要，important“重要的”，形容词。故填important。
2．句意：它帮助我们看地图，并且在我们参加一些户外活动时为我们指引方向。根据“take part in some outdoor”以及首字母提示可知，此处指户外活动，some后接可数名词复数，activities“活动”，名词复数。故填activities。
3．句意：如果你知道北方在哪里，你就能容易地找到东、南、西三个方向。根据“If you know where north is”以及首字母提示可知，知道北方后能轻易找到其他方向，easily“容易地”，副词，修饰动词find。故填easily。
4．句意：很多人喜欢在去徒步旅行的时候带上一个指南针。根据“hiking”以及首字母提示可知，此处是固定搭配go hiking，意为“徒步旅行”，句子为一般现在时，主语they后接动词原形go。故填go。
5．句意：学会如何熟练使用指南针是很有必要的。根据“how to use a compass well”以及首字母提示可知，此处指要学会使用指南针，It is necessary to do sth.为固定句型，learn“学习”，动词原形。故填learn。
Passage 6
At my new junior high school, I make lots of new friends. My deskmate Amy is very f 1 . She always gives me warm advice when I am in trouble. I often d 2 different hobbies with her in the school club after school. In the club, we can try many new activities. She is full of e 3 , so she is always active in group work. I used to be shy and dared not speak in public. L 4 , she notices my problem. Now with her help, I have got the c 5 to express myself in front of classmates. True friendship helps us grow step by step.
【答案】
1．friendly 2．develop 3．energy 4．Luckily 5．courage
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，围绕校园友谊展开，讲述作者升入初中后结识同桌Amy，作者过去十分害羞，不敢当众发言，幸运的是Amy发现了这一问题，在她的鼓励帮助下，作者拥有勇气大胆表达自我的故事。
【详解】1．句意：我的同桌Amy十分友好。be动词后接形容词作表语，根据后文“gives me warm advice”乐于给出暖心建议，可知人物性格“友好”，结合题干给出的首字母，形容词friendly“友好的”符合语境。
2．句意：放学后我经常和她在学校社团里培养不同的爱好。often表明经常性、习惯性动作，因此该句为一般现在时态，题干缺少谓语部分，因此空格处应填入动词，且主语是I，因此空格处填入动词原形。根据首字母提示，develop different hobbies翻译为“培养不同爱好”，契合社团活动语境。故填develop。
3．句意：她精力充沛，所以在小组活动中总是很积极。固定搭配be full of后接名词，表示“充满……”。根据首字母提示，be full of energy表示“精力充沛”，和后文active相呼应，故填 名词energy“能量”。
4．句意：幸运的是，她注意到了我的问题。副词置于句首修饰整个句子。作者曾经胆小害羞，幸运的是Amy留意到作者的难处，为后文得到帮助埋下铺垫。根据首字母提示luckily“幸运的是”逻辑通顺，放置在句首首字母大写，故填Luckily。
5．句意：现在在她的帮助下，我拥有了在同学面前表达自我的勇气。定冠词the后接名词，根据首字母提示，get the courage to do sth.翻译为“拥有做某事的勇气”，故填名词courage“勇气”。
Passage 7
A true friend is someone who is always there for us, listening without getting impatient, even when we repeat (重复) the s 1 stories over and over again. In our lives, we all long for f 2 .
However, finding such a friend is not always easy. Many people come and go in our lives, but only a few can become our true friends. A p 3 connection based on trust and understanding is important in a friendship.
True friends are c 4 . They notice when we are sad or in trouble and offer their s 5 without being asked. They share our joy and sadness, and stand by our side through thick and thin.
【答案】
1．(s)ame 2．(f)riendship 3．(p)ersonal 4．(c)aring 5．(s)upport
【导语】本文主要讲述了真正的朋友应该具备的品质以及友谊的重要性。
【详解】1．句意：真正的朋友是永远在我们身边的人，即使我们一遍又一遍地重复相同的故事时，也会倾听，而不会不耐烦。根据“repeat (重复) the s... stories over and over again”可知，是重复相同的故事，same“相同的”，形容词作定语。故填(s)ame。
2．句意：在我们的生活中，我们都渴望友谊。根据“A true friend”及首字母可知，此处是指友谊，名词friendship“友谊”符合语境。故填(f)riendship。
3．句意：建立在信任和理解基础上的个人联系，在友谊中是十分重要的。根据“connection based on trust and understanding”可知，此处是指个人的联系，用personal“个人的”，作定语。故填(p)ersonal。
4．句意：真正的朋友是关心人的。根据“They notice when we are sad or in trouble”可知，朋友是“关心人的”，caring“关心人的”，形容词作表语。故填(c)aring。
5．句意：他们注意到我们悲伤或遇到困难时，会主动提供支持，而不需要被请求。根据“offer their s... without being asked”可知，是指朋友会主动提供支持，用名词support“支持”，作宾语。故填(s)upport。
Passage 8
My name is Li Hua. I’m a j 1 high school student. I have a good time at school. I have seven classes every day. I love all my teachers, so I d 2 to become a teacher like them when I grow up. Geography is a new s 3 , and the teacher teaches us a lot about the world. Morning break starts at 9:40 a.m. and e 4 at 10:10 a.m., and I often do some morning exercise.
We have a lunch break for two hours. I really enjoy e 5 the delicious foods in the canteen. There are also many interesting after-school activities.
I really enjoy my school day!
Dear Mike,
【答案】
1．junior 2．decide 3．subject 4．ends 5．eating
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者李华的身份以及在校生活。
【详解】1．句意：我是一名初中生。根据首字母“j”以及“high school student”的语境，结合常识，“初中生”的英文表达为“junior high school student”，所以此处应填junior。故填junior。
2．句意：我爱我所有的老师，所以我决定长大后成为一名像他们一样的老师。根据“to become a teacher like them”及首字母可知，我决定长大后成为一名像他们一样的老师，decide意为“决定”，此处是一般现在时，用动词原形。故填decide。
3．句意：地理是一门新学科，老师教我们很多关于世界的知识。根据“Geography is a new”及首字母可知，地理是一门新学科，subject意为“学科”，此处用单数。故填subject。
4．句意：晨间休息从上午9:40开始，到上午10:10结束，我经常做一些晨练。根据首字母“e”以及“starts at 9:40 a.m.”的语境，此处应表示“结束”，动词end符合语境，“Morning break”为第三人称单数，所以动词用第三人称单数形式ends。故填ends。
5．句意：我真的很喜欢在食堂吃美味的食物。根据“the delicious foods in the canteen.”及首字母可知，此处指喜欢在食堂吃美味的食物，eat意为“吃”，这里是：enjoy doing sth.需用动名词。故填eating。
Passage 9
I’m glad to write to you. I live in Germany. It is a good country in Europe. I am a G 1 Seven student and my school day is very busy. At 8:30, I have Maths. I think it’s difficult. At 10:10, I have my morning b 2 . I go out of the classroom with my classmates to play. At 10:30, I have History. At 11:20, I have English. It’s easy and fun.
Lunch is from 12:10 to 1:00. In the afternoon, I have Music and Geography. Music is my favourite subject, and I can play the g 3 very well. Afternoon classes e 4 at 3:50.
I hope I can make friends with young people from all over the w 5 .
【答案】
1．(G)rade 2．(b)reak 3．(g)uitar 4．(e)nd 5．(w)orld
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者一天的时间安排。
【详解】1．句意：我是一名七年级的学生，我的学校日子很忙。根据“Seven student”和首字母G可知，此处指七年级，grade“年级”符合句意。故填(G)rade。
2．句意：在十点十分，我有我的晨间休息。根据“I go out of the classroom with my classmates to play.”和首字母b可知，十点十分有一段休息时间，break“休息”。故填(b)reak。
3．句意：音乐是我最喜欢的科目，我吉他弹得很好。根据“Music is my favourite subject, and I can play the g...”可知，此处说的是一种乐器，guitar“吉他”符合语境。故填(g)uitar。
4．句意：下午的课在三点五十结束。根据首字母e可知，此处说的是课程结束的时间。本句时态为一般现在时，主语Afternoon classes是复数，动词end“结束”要用原形。故填(e)nd。
5．句意：我希望我能和来自世界各地的年轻人交朋友。根据“young people from all over the w...”可知，本题考查all over the world“世界各地的”。故填(w)orld。
Passage 10
Rainforests are in the tropical regions (热带) of the Earth. The trees are usually very tall. Lots of rainfall helps them grow and live. The trees p 1 many living things with homes and food. Half of the world’s animal species (物种), such as monkeys, elephants and tigers, live in rainforests. So they play an important p 2 in many different ways.
However, we cut down lots of trees to make things and make e 3 by burning wood. Many animals have nowhere to live. Each day, we are losing h 4 of species of animals and plants. If we do not stop doing h 5 things to rainforests now, we will never see them again. It is necessary to protect them and take action right now.
【答案】
1．provide 2．part 3．energy 4．hundreds 5．harmful
【导语】本文主要讲述了雨林的重要性、人类活动对雨林的破坏以及保护雨林的必要性。
【详解】1．句意：树木为许多生物提供住所和食物。该处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语；根据“homes and food”提示，语义表示“提供”；主语“The trees”为复数，陈述客观事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时的原形。结合首字母“p”，故填provide。
2．句意：所以它们在许多不同的方面扮演着重要的角色。该处需要一个名词，在句中作宾语；根据“play an important …in many different ways”提示，语义表达“角色、作用”；固定搭配“play an important part in”意为“在……中扮演重要角色”。结合首字母“p”，故填part。
3．句意：然而，我们砍伐大量树木来制造物品，并通过燃烧木材来制造能源。该处需要一个名词，在句中作宾语；根据“we cut down lots of trees to make things”及“by burning wood”可知，制造的是“能源”；此处为不可数名词，作动词“make”的宾语。结合首字母“e”，故填energy。
4．句意：每一天，我们都在丧失数百种动植物。该处需要一个数词，在句中作定语；根据“of species of animals and plants”可知，表示“数百”；“hundreds of”意为“数百的”，表示概数。结合首字母“h”，故填hundreds。
5．句意：如果我们现在不停止对雨林做有害的事情，我们将再也见不到它们了。该处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语；根据“we will never see them again”可知，做的事情是“有害的”。结合首字母“h”，故填harmful。
Passage 11
Last week, our class did a s 1 about the air. We asked our neighbors how they felt about the air around us. Most people said they knew air pollution is very serious now, and the dirty air is h 2 to our health.
Our teacher told us the air was much cleaner when she was young. Back then, after rain, you could smell f 3 air, and see many stars at night. But now, we need to p 4 our Earth.
We talked about small things we can do: ride bikes instead of taking cars, plant more trees, and tell our families to save electricity. Everyone said these small things can help s 5 the problems. We hope the air will be clean again soon.
【答案】
1．survey 2．harmful 3．fresh 4．protect 5．solve
【导语】本文主要讲述了班级关于空气污染的调查。
【详解】1．句意：上周，我们班做了一个关于空气的调查。根据“We asked our neighbors how they felt about the air around us.”结合首字母可知，是做了一个关于空气的调查，survey“调查”，可数名词，结合空前的a可知，此处填名词单数形式survey。
2．句意：大多数人说他们知道现在空气污染非常严重，肮脏的空气对我们的健康有害。根据the dirty air以及首字母可知，是肮脏的空气对我们的健康有害，be harmful to“对……有害”，固定短语。故填harmful。
3．句意：那时，雨后，你可以闻到新鲜空气的味道，晚上还可以看到许多星星。根据“Our teacher told us the air was much cleaner when she was young.”结合首字母可知，是雨后可以闻到新鲜空气的味道，fresh“新鲜的”，形容词，修饰名词air“空气”。故填fresh。
4．句意：但是现在，我们需要保护我们的地球。根据“our Earth”以及首字母可知，是保护我们的地球，protect“保护”，动词。need to do sth“需要做某事”，固定短语，所以应填动词原形。故填protect。
5．句意：每个人都说这些小事可以帮助解决问题。根据the problems结合首字母可知，是解决问题，solve“解决”，动词。help do sth“帮助做某事”，固定短语，所以应填动词原形。
18 / 18乐思英语
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$考前特训
专题05 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用）
姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________
内容提要
题型分析
解题指导
集中突破
一、题型定位
首字母填空是广州卷的特色题型，也是失分最集中的一题。题目给出一篇短文，在若干处留空并给出首字母，要求写出完整单词且使用正确形式。它同时考查三件事：由句意猜出词义、由首字母锁定拼写、由句法确定词形（时态、语态、单复数、比较级、词性转换）。三者缺一，答案即错。七年级上册的短文只有六七十到一百二十词，每篇 5 空，答案几乎全是课标核心词（honest、patient、courage、friendly、energy 等），难的不是“想不到”，而是“写不对”：动词的时态与三单、名词的复数、形容词与副词的转换、句首的大写，四项里错一项就整空失分。
本次特训共收录 11 篇、55 个空（源卷 12 篇中两篇同为雨林短文，已合并为一篇），取材集中在“人与自我”“人与自然”两条线：好朋友 Tom 身上诚实的品质、新同桌 Amy、Li Hua 的学校生活、德国笔友的一天、指南针的构造与用法、朋友应具备的品质、雨林的作用与危机、班级的空气调查、不同人的性格差异、学校的海报项目与真正的朋友，与沪教版七年级上册 Unit 1 Making friends、Unit 2 Daily life、Unit 3 The Earth、Unit 7 School clubs 四个单元完全吻合。
二、命题特点
（1）词形变化专挑“看着简单”的词：Passage 8 题 14 的 end 要变 ends（主语 Morning break 为单数）、题 15 的 eat 要变 eating（enjoy doing sth.）；Passage 5 题 22 的 activity 要变 activities（some 后接可数名词复数）。
（2）首字母大写是隐形失分点：Passage 6 题 9 的 luckily 须写成 Luckily（句首）、Passage 4 题 42 的 however 须写成 However（句首）、Passage 1 题 48 的 corner 须写成 Corner（专有名称 Geography Corner）。
（3）固定搭配必须整块还原：Passage 6 题 8 的 energy 对应 be full of energy、Passage 5 题 24 的 go 对应 go hiking、Passage 9 题 20 的 world 对应 all over the world。
（4）语义靠并列与对照锁定：Passage 11 题 37 的 harmful 与前文 pollute 呼应、题 38 的 fresh 与 cleaner 并列；Passage 4 题 45 的 different 则与同句的 same 直接对照。
（5）同一核心词会跨篇复现：courage 出现在 Passage 2 题 5 与 Passage 6 题 10，friendship 出现在 Passage 3 题 30 与 Passage 7 题 52 —— 这说明七上的词汇考查范围很窄，把 Unit 1–3 的核心词背准，覆盖率就已经过半。
三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 55 题梳理）
（1）语境推断（32 空）：由上下文语义锁定词义，是题量最大的一类。
（2）词形变化（14 空）：须变时态、三单、复数或词性（名词↔形容词↔副词），是最集中的失分点。
（3）固定搭配（9 空）：be full of energy、turn to sb. for help、all over the world、play the guitar 一类，须整块还原。
（4）首字母是“硬约束”：写出的词必须以给定字母开头，大小写也要一致，否则整空不得分。
（5）每篇 5 空、共 11 篇：题量集中，同一篇内多为“名词—动词—形容词”交替，可用词性分布自检是否漏填。
一、四步解题法
第一步：通读全篇，先把握时态主线与文体（介绍现状多用现在时，叙述经历多用过去时）。
第二步：逐空先定“词性”——看空处前后是什么词、在句中作什么成分。
第三步：再定“词义”——结合首字母与上下文（尤其并列结构、固定搭配）猜出单词。
第四步：最后定“词形”——动词查时态与三单、名词查复数、形容词查等级与副词转换，并逐字母核对拼写与首字母大小写。
二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨
【点拨1】语境推断——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“Our class has a school p 1 this month. We need to make a poster about da…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 project。
【点拨2】固定搭配——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“…and never tells lies. He is also p 2 with others. When I have problems w…”。解题时要与后续的介词或不定式构成固定搭配；结合所给首字母，故填 patient。
【点拨3】语境推断——以 Passage 4 题 3 为例：原文写道“…your hand and touches (触动) your h 3 ” True friends should talk about an…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 heart。
【点拨4】语境推断——以 Passage 5 题 4 为例：原文写道“…like to take a compass when they g 4 hiking. With a clear map and a comp…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 go。
【点拨5】语境推断——以 Passage 7 题 5 为例：原文写道“…ad or in trouble and offer their s 5 without being asked. They share our…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 (s)upport。
【点拨6】语境推断——以 Passage 8 题 1 为例：原文写道“My name is Li Hua. I’m a j 1 high school student. I have a good time at…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 junior。
【点拨7】固定搭配——以 Passage 10 题 2 为例：原文写道“…ve in rainforests. So they play an important p 2 in many different ways.”。解题时要与后续的介词或不定式构成固定搭配；结合所给首字母，故填 part。
【点拨8】语境推断——以 Passage 11 题 3 为例：原文写道“…hen, after rain, you could smell f 3 air, and see many stars at night. B…”。解题时要由上下文语义锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 fresh。
三、易错提醒
• 忌“只写词根不变形”：end 写成 end（应为 ends）、eat 写成 eat（应为 eating），是首字母填空最大的失分点。
• 忌“无视首字母大小写”：句首必须大写，专有名称（Geography Corner）也必须大写。
• 忌“单复数漏 S”：some / many / several 之后、one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，都是必考复数的位置。
• 忌“拼写想当然”：patient、courage、friendly、activities 等词易拼错，写完须逐字母核对。
Passage 1
Our class has a school p 1 this month. We need to make a poster about daily life. My group writes about clubs and after-school activities. I often p 2 speaking with my classmates because I will introduce the poster.
Linda draws a map for the Geography C 3 .
Tom writes an article for the school m 4 .
Luckily, everyone works hard, so our project becomes a great s 5 .
Passage 2
A True Friend
A true friend is important in our life. My best friend is Tom. He is h 1 and never tells lies. He is also p 2 with others. When I have problems with English, I often turn to him for h 3 . He always explains the questions clearly.
Tom gives me great s 4 when I am sad. Thanks to him, I become more confident and have the c 5 to speak in front of the class. I think friendship grows from respect and trust.
根据下列篇章意思及所给单词首字母写出所缺单词。(每空限填一词)
Passage 3
Friends are important to us. In a survey, many people d 1 their friends in detail. They said they like friends who have good p 2 qualities. One of the best qualities is being c 3 . When friends care about each other, they feel happy.
Another important thing is t 4 . You can tell your friends your secrets because you believe in them. They won’t laugh at you or tell others. In this way, the f 5 can grow and last.
These qualities will help you make many good friends! So, let’s be kind and care for each other.
Passage 4
Different people have different t 1 . Huang Lei’s best friend Larry is more outgoing than him. They both like sports, but Larry plays tennis better, so he always wins. H 2 , Larry often helps to bring out the best in Huang Lei. Larry is less hard-working, so Huang Lei always gets better grades. There is a famous saying (谚语), “A true friend reaches for your hand and touches (触动) your h 3 ” True friends should talk about and s 4 almost everything, and care about each other. In all, it’s not necessary (必要的) for friends to be the same or d 5 .
A School Project
Passage 5
The compass (指南针) is a very useful tool. It was first made in China, and it is still very i 1 in everyday life. It helps us read maps and gives us directions (方向) when we take part in some outdoor a 2 .
A compass has a round face and a red needle. The red needle always points north. If you know where north is, you can find east, south and west e 3 .
Many people like to take a compass when they g 4 hiking. With a clear map and a compass, they will not get lost. It is necessary to l 5 how to use a compass well.
Passage 6
At my new junior high school, I make lots of new friends. My deskmate Amy is very f 1 . She always gives me warm advice when I am in trouble. I often d 2 different hobbies with her in the school club after school. In the club, we can try many new activities. She is full of e 3 , so she is always active in group work. I used to be shy and dared not speak in public. L 4 , she notices my problem. Now with her help, I have got the c 5 to express myself in front of classmates. True friendship helps us grow step by step.
Passage 7
A true friend is someone who is always there for us, listening without getting impatient, even when we repeat (重复) the s 1 stories over and over again. In our lives, we all long for f 2 .
However, finding such a friend is not always easy. Many people come and go in our lives, but only a few can become our true friends. A p 3 connection based on trust and understanding is important in a friendship.
True friends are c 4 . They notice when we are sad or in trouble and offer their s 5 without being asked. They share our joy and sadness, and stand by our side through thick and thin.
Passage 8
My name is Li Hua. I’m a j 1 high school student. I have a good time at school. I have seven classes every day. I love all my teachers, so I d 2 to become a teacher like them when I grow up. Geography is a new s 3 , and the teacher teaches us a lot about the world. Morning break starts at 9:40 a.m. and e 4 at 10:10 a.m., and I often do some morning exercise.
We have a lunch break for two hours. I really enjoy e 5 the delicious foods in the canteen. There are also many interesting after-school activities.
I really enjoy my school day!
Dear Mike,
Passage 9
I’m glad to write to you. I live in Germany. It is a good country in Europe. I am a G 1 Seven student and my school day is very busy. At 8:30, I have Maths. I think it’s difficult. At 10:10, I have my morning b 2 . I go out of the classroom with my classmates to play. At 10:30, I have History. At 11:20, I have English. It’s easy and fun.
Lunch is from 12:10 to 1:00. In the afternoon, I have Music and Geography. Music is my favourite subject, and I can play the g 3 very well. Afternoon classes e 4 at 3:50.
I hope I can make friends with young people from all over the w 5 .
Passage 10
Rainforests are in the tropical regions (热带) of the Earth. The trees are usually very tall. Lots of rainfall helps them grow and live. The trees p 1 many living things with homes and food. Half of the world’s animal species (物种), such as monkeys, elephants and tigers, live in rainforests. So they play an important p 2 in many different ways.
However, we cut down lots of trees to make things and make e 3 by burning wood. Many animals have nowhere to live. Each day, we are losing h 4 of species of animals and plants. If we do not stop doing h 5 things to rainforests now, we will never see them again. It is necessary to protect them and take action right now.
Passage 11
Last week, our class did a s 1 about the air. We asked our neighbors how they felt about the air around us. Most people said they knew air pollution is very serious now, and the dirty air is h 2 to our health.
Our teacher told us the air was much cleaner when she was young. Back then, after rain, you could smell f 3 air, and see many stars at night. But now, we need to p 4 our Earth.
We talked about small things we can do: ride bikes instead of taking cars, plant more trees, and tell our families to save electricity. Everyone said these small things can help s 5 the problems. We hope the air will be clean again soon.
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