精品解析：广西柳州市柳江中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

柳江中学2028届高二10月检测（英语） （时间：150分钟 总分：150分） 一、听力（每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What does the woman mean? A. John doesn’t like dreaming. B. John doesn’t have enough good ideas. C. John doesn’t put his ideas into practice. 2. What is the man doing? A. Asking for directions. B. Planning a journey. C. Buying a train ticket. 3. What will the speakers find a person to do? A. Check the office. B. Download the file. C. Handle the Internet problem. 4. When did the man leave for home? A. At ten. B. At eleven. C. At ten thirty. 5. How soon will the meeting begin? A. In 20 minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 40 minutes. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Hostess and guest. C. Chef and customer. 7. What is the man most likely to have for dinner? A. French fries. B. Ham sandwiches. C. Fish and vegetables. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. How does the man probably feel? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Regretful. 9. What will the man do next? A. Talk to Samantha. B. Dance with the woman. C. Attend a graduation ceremony. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10. How does the man want his hair cut? A. All off the back. B. All off the sides. C. A little off the top and sides. 11. What did the man complain about? A. The woman cut his hair too short. B. The woman cut his ear accidentally. C. The towel was too dirty. 12. Why can’t the man complain directly to the manager? A. The manager is on vacation. B. The manager is out to lunch. C. The manager is dealing with another customer. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Schoolmates. C. Workmates. 14. How does the woman feel about the change? A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. 15. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Go to art galleries. B. Attend concerts. C. Visit science museums. 16. What kind of music does the man like most? A. Classical. B. Jazz. C. Country. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. When does the speaker probably give the talk? A. On December 18. B. On December 24. C. On December 25. 18. Why does the speaker mention “Happy Birthday”? A. To show the difference between “merry” and “happy”. B. To explain why “merry” is widely used. C. To say that “merry” is special. 19. What can we learn from the talk? A. “Happy Christmas” has disappeared completely. B. Charles Dickens defined many Christmas traditions. C. “Merry Christmas” has been used since at least 1534. 20. What will the speaker do probably? A. Play some videos. B. Teach some common phrases. C. Read stories by Charles Dickens. 二、阅读（每小题2.5分，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Get ready to pack your bags! Once again, Vienna has been named the world’s most livable city, and we’re suddenly craving Sachertorte and a cup of coffee. In its newly released Global Liveability Index for 2022, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) looked at 172 cities worldwide, assessing 30 livability factors across five categories: stability, health care, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure (基础设施). Vienna, which ended up with an index rating of 99.1, topped the list, followed by Copenhagen (98.0) and Zurich (96.3) “Stability and good infrastructure are Vienna’s main charms for its inhabitants (居民), supported by good healthcare and plenty of opportunities for culture and entertainment,” the EIU wrote in its report. The City of Music has plenty to offer to keep its residents occupied. Music lovers will want to spend their evenings at the State Opera, while art enthusiasts and history buffs will enjoy diving into the city’s 100-plus museums. And when you need to take it slow, Vienna’s cozy coffeehouses provide the perfect setting for catching up with friends. Vienna, which ranked first in 2018 and 2019, dropped down to 12th place in 2021 due to pandemic-related museum and restaurant closures. “For the past two years, EIU’s global liveability rankings have been largely driven by the pandemic, with lockdowns and social distancing measures affecting scores for culture, education, and healthcare in cities across the world,” said the report. “However, in our most recent survey, the index has normalized, as restrictions have been lifted in many countries.” Want more information about other liveable cities? Click our website. 1. What significantly appeals to the locals in Vienna by the EIU report in 2022? A. Stability and environment. B. Education and Health care. C. Health care and culture. D. Basic facilities and stability. 2. What can the residents in Vienna easily enjoy according to the text? A. Gaining free health care. B. Performing at the State Opera. C. Sharing coffee with friends leisurely. D. Displaying works at the museum. 3. What does the author intend to do? A. Introduce the most livable city. B. Announce global liveability rankings. C. Compare the most livable cities. D. Highlight Global Liveability Index. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了维也纳这个再次被评为世界上最宜居的城市。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中““Stability and good infrastructure are Vienna’s main charms for its inhabitants (居民), supported by good healthcare and plenty of opportunities for culture and entertainment,” the EIU wrote in its report.(经济学人智库在报告中写道：“稳定和良好的基础设施是维也纳吸引当地居民的主要因素，此外还有良好的医疗保健和充足的文化娱乐机会。”)”可知，经济学人智库2022年的报告指出，维也纳当地人最看重的因素是稳定和良好基础设施，故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“And when you need to take it slow, Vienna’s cozy coffeehouses provide the perfect setting for catching up with friends.(当你需要放松时，维也纳舒适的咖啡馆是与朋友闲聊的理想场所)”可知，维也纳居民可以和朋友悠闲地喝咖啡。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Get ready to pack your bags! Once again, Vienna has been named the world’s most livable city, and we’re suddenly craving Sachertorte and a cup of coffee.(准备收拾行李吧！维也纳再次被评为世界上最宜居的城市，我们突然很想吃萨赫蛋糕和一杯咖啡)”可知，文章主要介绍了维也纳这个再次被评为世界上最宜居的城市。由此可推知，作者旨在介绍最适合居住的城市。故选A。 B You won’t be surprised to hear that sweet treats such as cakes and biscuits contain sugar. But do you know that it occurs naturally in most foods apart from meat and fish? Sugar is in all kinds of food but where does it come from? Humans started growing sugar cane (甘蔗) around 10,000 years ago on the island of New Guinea in the Pacific Ocean. Before that, honey and juice from fruit were almost the only sweeteners people had. Over thousands of years, knowledge of how to grow sugar cane spread to China, Southeast Asia and India. Slowly, the love of sugar travelled west. In the 11th century, soldiers who fought in the wars in the Middle East brought sugar back to Britain. It took a long time for it to become popular there, partly because it was very expensive. It was used economically as a spice and a medicine for coughs and stomach problems. For hundreds of years, sugar was a luxury reserved for royalty and nobles — but the market grew steadily. By the 17th century, the industries growing sugar in the Caribbean couldn’t keep up with demand. More industries to grow more sugar cane needed more people to work for them. To feed this need, Europeans enslaved men, women and children from Africa and transported them to the Caribbean and Central and South America. There they were forced to work in terrible conditions. Britain’s craving for sugar helped drive this trade in enslaved people. Nowadays, most companies try to make sure that the farmers and workers who produce their sugar are treated fairly. The most common type of sugar in the UK is white granulated (白砂糖). Icing sugar is the same thing but ground into a fine powder. Brown sugars, on the other hand, have a slight caramel taste. This comes from a dark syrup called molasses (糖浆). Most molasses comes from sugar cane and it is a “by-product” (something less important created during a process) of sugar-making. Brown sugars are basically white sugar with a bit of molasses put back in. Experts say that sugar is fine when eaten in small amounts — the trouble comes when people eat too much of it. Doctors warn that sugar is bad for your health and dentists agree sugar attacks the hard layer of enamel that protects your teeth. Enjoy sugar as an occasional treat, say experts, and brush your teeth twice a day. 4. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How sugar spread to Britain. B. How people started growing sugar. C. How sugar was made from sugar cane. D. What sweeteners people had in ancient times. 5. Why did sugar take a long time to be widely accepted in Britain? A. Because it was difficult to grow there. B. Because it was only known to have medical uses. C. Because it couldn’t be afforded by ordinary people. D. Because British people preferred honey and fruit juice. 6. The underlined word “craving” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. Access B. Desire C. Dislike D. Concern 7. Which of the following statements would the experts most likely agree with? A. Eating sugar does no good to your health. B. White sugar is much healthier than brown sugar. C. Sugar is not harmful in small amounts to the body. D. Eating sugar is essential for maintaining a balanced diet. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章追溯了糖从古代起源、传播到欧洲的历史，揭示了其与奴隶贸易的关联，并介绍了糖的种类及专家关于适量食用的健康建议。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans started growing sugar cane (甘蔗) around 10,000 years ago on the island of New Guinea in the Pacific Ocean. Before that, honey and juice from fruit were almost the only sweeteners people had. Over thousands of years, knowledge of how to grow sugar cane spread to China, Southeast Asia and India. Slowly, the love of sugar travelled west. (大约在10000年前，人类就在太平洋上的新几内亚岛开始种植甘蔗了。在此之前，人们几乎只使用蜂蜜和水果汁作为甜味剂。经过数千年的发展，人们掌握了种植甘蔗的技术，并将其传播到了中国、东南亚和印度。慢慢地，对糖的喜爱也向西传播开来)”可知，第二段主要讲述了人们如何开始种植甘蔗及其早期传播。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It took a long time for it to become popular there, partly because it was very expensive. (它在那里变得流行起来花了很长时间，部分原因在于它的价格非常昂贵)”可知，糖在英国长期未被广泛接受，主要是因为普通人负担不起其高昂价格。故选C项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“More industries to grow more sugar cane needed more people to work for them. To feed this need, Europeans enslaved men, women and children from Africa and transported them to the Caribbean and Central and South America. There they were forced to work in terrible conditions. (更多的产业需要种植更多的甘蔗，这就需要更多的人为其工作。为了满足这一需求，欧洲人将非洲的男子、妇女和儿童奴役起来，并将他们运往加勒比地区以及中美洲和南美洲。在那里，他们被迫在恶劣的条件下劳作)”和下文“drive this trade in enslaved people (推动这种奴役他人的贸易活动)“可知，糖市场需求增长导致劳动力需求激增，进而驱使奴隶贸易，由此推知，画线词与desire“渴望”意思相近。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Experts say that sugar is fine when eaten in small amounts — the trouble comes when people eat too much of it. (专家们表示，少量食用糖是没问题的，但问题在于人们如果摄入过多的话就会产生不良影响)”可知，专家最可能同意的观点是“少量摄入糖对身体无害”。故选C项。 C The stars were always within reach for Katherine Johnson. Using her mathematics skills, she helped NASA send astronauts to the moon and return them safely home. Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918. Math came easy to her. She started high school when she was just 10 years old and college when she was 15. After graduating with honors at 18, Johnson taught black students math. Later she continued to study math at West Virginia University but left early to raise a family and return to teaching. In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (航空学), which would later become NASA. She and the other women worked as “human computers,” figuring out the difficult calculations (计算) needed for spaceflight. During her time there, she broke racial (种族的) barriers, like using the bathroom that was supposed to be for white women only. One of her biggest achievements at NASA was helping calculate the path of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr. had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. Yet unlike the white male astronauts she helped launch into space, no one knew of the groundbreaking work Johnson and many other black women did for NASA and space exploration. It wasn’t until the 2016 launch of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition. Johnson died in 2020, at the age of 101. In her honor, NASA built the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility at the Langley Research Center to celebrate the hard work she did. 8. What can be inferred about Johnson? A. She hesitated before raising a family. B. She showed extraordinary talent in math. C. She struggled with teaching black students. D. She received many honors during her teaching career. 9. What did Johnson do at NASA? A. She studied racial barriers. B. She calculated spaceflight paths. C. She led physical training programs. D. She designed astronauts’ bathrooms. 10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The variety of spaceflight projects. B. The courage of American astronauts. C. The desire of NASA’s administrators (管理人员). D. The significance of Johnson’s achievements. 11. What helped Johnson win the public’s attention? A. Her public speech. B. Her story in a movie. C. Support from black women. D. Recommendations by scientists. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Katherine Johnson凭借数学天赋在NASA担任“人类计算机”，为多项开创性太空任务计算轨道，却因种族和性别原因长期被忽视，直到电影《隐藏人物》上映才获得广泛认可。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Math came easy to her. She started high school when she was just 10 years old and college when she was 15. After graduating with honors at 18, Johnson taught black students math. (数学对她来说轻而易举。她10岁就升入了高中，15岁就上了大学。18岁时以优异的成绩毕业之后，Johnson便开始为黑人学生教授数学课程。)”可知，Johnson学习优异，大学毕业后就教授黑人学生数学课程，这表明她在数学上展现了非凡的天赋。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (航空学), which would later become NASA. She and the other women worked as “human computers,” figuring out the difficult calculations (计算) needed for spaceflight. (1952年，当时她34岁，她得知了在国家航空咨询委员会兰利实验室中为具备数学和计算能力的黑人女性提供的工作机会，该机构后来发展成为美国国家航空航天局。她和其他女性一起担任“人类计算机”的角色，负责完成太空飞行所需的复杂计算工作。)”可知，她在美国国家航空航天局的工作是计算太空飞行路径。故选B项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“One of her biggest achievements at NASA was helping calculate the path of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr. had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. (她在美国国家航空航天局所取得的最大成就之一，便是协助计算了1961年该国首次载人航天飞行的飞行路径，确保宇航员小Alan B. Shepard的飞行之旅安全无虞。一年后，她又帮助计算出了John Glenn环绕地球的轨道，这是又一项美国的首创成就。1969年，她计算出了Neil Armstrong乘坐阿波罗11号执行历史性登月任务的飞行路径。)”可知，本段通过具体事例说明了Johnson成就的重要意义。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“It wasn’t until the 2016 launch of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition. (直到2016年电影《隐藏人物》的上映，这些女性才获得了广泛的认可。)”可知，电影中呈现的故事帮助Johnson赢得了公众的关注。故选B项。 D Locals who frequent a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, are often surprised when they are treated by a German doctor specializing in TCM with fluent Henan dialect. He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine. He skillfully performs techniques such as acupuncture (针灸), pulse diagnosis, and cupping therapy. Walker came to Henan Province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine. Now, he has fully adopted the lifestyle in Henan. On Chinese social media platforms, Walker is committed to promoting traditional Chinese medicine. His expertise in TCM fascinates Chinese netizens and he often uses ancient Chinese medical texts, for example, Huangdi Neijing, one of Chinese great medical works, to explain the philosophy behind the treatments. Other Chinese classics, such as Yijing, Zhuangzi, and Lunyu, which have long been foundation of Chinese philosophy, are also on Walker’s reading list. He takes pleasure in absorbing ancient wisdom because he finds many ideas deeply intertwined (交织) with TCM practices. One fundamental worldview of TCM highlights the balance, from which Walker himself benefited. In the past, he experienced significant emotional ups and downs, and tended to be somewhat pigheaded, often viewing things from his own perspective. Now he has become more tolerant and approached issues from multiple angles with a more inclusive (包容的) perspective. In other words, his personality has also become more balanced. According to Walker, the unique wisdom rooted in Chinese culture can not only benefit physical well-being but can also extend beyond medicine and offer excellent guidance for the whole world. He stressed, “If more people could understand the TCM wisdom, the world would become more peaceful.” 12. What do we know about Walker? A. He is surprised at the locals’ dialect. B. He is a German good at traditional Chinese medicine. C. He has great skills of making acupuncture needles. D. He has gained a master’s degree in Henan. 13. Why did Walker come to Henan Province? A. He intended to be popular online. B. He desired to learn about its lifestyles. C. Henan Province is a centre for TCM. D. Henan Province has rich natural resources. 14. The underlined word “pigheaded” in the fourth paragraph probably means ________. A. flexible B. piggy C. tolerant D. stubborn 15. Which of the following best describes Walker? A. Devoted and professional. B. Courageous and calm. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Enthusiastic and kind. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国留学生沃克在河南潜心学习中医，医术精湛且致力于推广。他研读经典，深受中医平衡智慧影响，性格也变得更加包容。他认为中医智慧能造福世界，促进和平。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Locals who frequent a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, are often surprised when they are treated by a German doctor specializing in TCM with fluent Henan dialect. He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine.(在河南省郑州市的一家传统中医医院里，经常光顾的患者常常会惊讶地发现，为他们看病的是一位精通河南方言的德国中医专家。他叫约尔·米凯尔·沃克，是河南中医药大学的一名即将毕业的硕士研究生)”可知，沃克是一位擅长中医的德国人。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Walker came to Henan Province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine.(沃克于2015年20岁时来到河南省，因为该省被普遍认为是开展中医医疗、教育和研究的重要中心)”可知，沃克来到河南省是因为河南省是中医的重要中心。故选C。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“often viewing things from his own perspective(常常从自己的角度去看待事物)”以及“Now he has become more tolerant and approached issues from multiple angles with a more inclusive (包容的) perspective.(如今，他变得更加宽容了，能够从多个角度看待问题，并且以一种更具包容性的视角来处理事情)”可知，他过去常常从自己的角度去看待事物，现在变得更加宽容和包容，说明以前是固执己见的。故划线词意思是“固执的”。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine. He skillfully performs techniques such as acupuncture (针灸), pulse diagnosis, and cupping therapy.(他是乔尔·米凯尔·沃克，是河南中医药大学的一名即将毕业的硕士研究生。他熟练掌握诸如针灸、脉诊和拔罐疗法等技术)”以及第二段“Walker came to Henan Province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine. Now, he has fully adopted the lifestyle in Henan. On Chinese social media platforms, Walker is committed to promoting traditional Chinese medicine.(沃克于2015年20岁时来到河南省，因为该省被普遍认为是中医医疗、教育和研究的重要中心。如今，他已完全适应了河南的生活方式。在中国的社交媒体平台上，沃克致力于推广中医)”可知，沃克专注且专业。故选A。 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our lives, we face this problem: both loved ones and strangers can annoy us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time. ____16____ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ____17____ If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice, it will come more easily over time. ____18____ Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), which traces its roots back to early Buddhism, helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times. This meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving-kindness to our loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well), and finally to difficult people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced with love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt. ____19____ So how do we practice it? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words: “May you be well, happy, and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself: “May I be well, happy, and at peace.” ____20____ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessings to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way to practice LKM-but only if we are prepared to embrace its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance C. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. D. At work, we have had to take the pressure these demanding crate. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself G. Outside, we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway 【答案】16. G 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍应对他人烦扰的方法，提出将善意当作技能培养，借助慈心禅修练习关爱与包容，化解负面情绪。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Sometimes in our lives, we face this problem: both loved ones and strangers can annoy us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time. (在生活中，我们有时会遇到这样的问题：亲人和陌生人都可能让我们心烦。在家里，我们不得不忍受孩子在线上会议时大喊大叫，以及家人一直占用电脑的情况。)”可知，此空应承接前文，列举外界陌生人带来的烦扰场景，G选项“Outside, we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway (在外面，我们会遇到司机在繁忙道路上超速行驶，还有乘客在地铁上大声喧哗)”中的“Outside”与前文“At home”形成对应，补充了陌生人造成的烦扰，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. (善意仿佛成了遥远的回忆。与令人心烦的室友或邻居和平共处的能力，似乎比以往任何时候都更难具备。)”和后文“If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice, it will come more easily over time. (如果我们把善意当作一种技能，让它成为日常习惯，久而久之，善意就会变得触手可及。)”可知，此空应起到转折作用，说明善意并未消失，A选项“The good news is that it isn’t lost (好消息是，它并没有消失)”中的“it”指代前文的“Kindness”，“isn’t lost”承接后文培养善意的方法，符合语境。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), which traces its roots back to early Buddhism, helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times. (慈心禅修起源于早期佛教，即便在艰难时刻，它也能帮助我们彼此心怀慈悲。)”可知，此空应引出这种古老的修行方法，B选项“Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance (幸运的是，我们可以从古老的修行方法中寻求指引)”中的“ancient disciplines”指代后文的“Loving-Kindness Meditation”，引出下文对该方法的介绍，符合语境。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt. (俄勒冈州波特兰市的心理治疗师唐纳德·奥尔特曼表示，慈心禅修能帮助我们意识到，每个人都很脆弱，都曾受过伤害。)”可知，此空应承接前文，说明正因如此，人们能从慈心禅修的善意中获益，E选项“For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing (正因如此，我们都能从爱的温暖慰藉与祝福中获益)”中的“For that reason”指代前文提到的人们的共性，点明慈心禅修的益处，符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words: “May you be well, happy, and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself: “May I be well, happy, and at peace.”(他建议，接下来想象一位自己喜爱的家人或朋友对你说：“愿你安康、快乐、内心平静。”几分钟后，再对自己说同样的话：“愿我安康、快乐、内心平静。”)”和后文“Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. (把“我”换成老师或教练的名字，接着是家人或朋友，然后是熟人，最后是生活中不友善的人。)”可知，此空应说明要将这份祝福延伸到其他人身上，C选项“Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. (然后，按照好感度从高到低的顺序，把这份祝福延伸到其他人身上)”起到承上启下的作用，其中的“extend the blessing to other people”承接前文对自己的祝福，“in order of decreasing fondness”呼应后文的祝福对象顺序，符合语境。故选C项。 三、语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When the avalanche (雪崩) hit Mount Jade, 18-year-old climber Zhang Lei found himself completely ____21____ under three meters of snow. His left leg was numb from the cold, and the oxygen mask hung ____22____ around his neck, its strap (绑带) torn by the avalanche’s force. Through the howling wind, he could ____23____ hear his teammate Wang Feng’s faint cries for help. With trembling hands, Zhang ____24____ his emergency shovel. Struggling to free his legs, he dug up ward inch by inch. After two exhausting hours, he finally ____25____ daylight filtering (滤透) through the thinning snow layer. But the real challenge was finding Wang in the ____26____ white landscape. Suddenly, a glint of red fabric caught his eye — Wang’s red ____27____, one of his mountaineering equipment! Rushing over, Zhang found his friend unconscious with a ____28____ head wound. He immediately ____29____ first-aid techniques learned in training: applying pressure to stop the bleeding, ____30____ Wang’s body temperature with his own coat. “Hold on, buddy,” Zhang whispered, though his throat burned ____31____ lack of water. When the rescue helicopter arrived 8 hours later, the medic stared in ____32____ : “Most people would have given up in such conditions.” At the award ceremony, reporters asked Zhang about his bravery. He replied quietly: “Courage isn’t about being unafraid. It’s about ____33____ hope even when every cell in your body ____34____ to stop.” Years later, Wang often jokes: “That avalanche didn’t bury us — it ____35____ our friendship in ice, making it unbreakable.” 21. A. dug B. buried C. sheltered D. hidden 22. A. loosely B. tightly C. carefully D. quickly 23. A. hardly B. clearly C. faintly D. easily 24. A. put away B. took out C. looked for D. threw away 25. A. heard B. saw C. touched D. reached 26. A. endless B. colorful C. beautiful D. small 27. A. cup B. shoe C. glove D. stick 28. A. slight B. serious C. minor D. common 29. A. forgot B. remembered C. applied D. learned 30. A. increasing B. decreasing C. maintaining D. measuring 31. A. because of B. instead of C. in case of D. in spite of 32. A. anger B. surprise C. sadness D. disappointment 33. A. losing B. giving up C. holding onto D. letting go 34. A. wants B. refuses C. decides D. hopes 35. A. destroyed B. damaged C. melted D. froze 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了两名登山者遭遇雪崩被困雪山，张磊自救后施救昏迷受伤的队友，用行动诠释勇气，绝境经历也加固了二人深厚的友谊。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：雪崩袭击玉峰时，18岁的登山者张磊被三米厚的积雪彻底掩埋。A. dug挖掘；B. buried掩埋；C. sheltered庇护；D. hidden隐藏。根据前文“When the avalanche (雪崩) hit Mount Jade”以及后文“under three meters of snow”可知，张磊被埋在三米厚的雪里。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：他的左腿冻得麻木，氧气面罩松松地挂在脖子上，绑带被雪崩的冲击力扯断了。A. loosely松散地；B. tightly紧紧地；C. carefully小心地；D. quickly快速地。根据后文“its strap (绑带) torn by the avalanche’s force”可知，面罩绑带断裂无法固定，只能松垮挂在脖颈处。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：狂风呼啸中，他能隐约听见队友王峰微弱的求救声。A. hardly几乎不；B. clearly清晰地；C. faintly微弱地；D. easily轻易地。根据后文“Wang Feng’s faint cries for help”可知，队友的呼救声本身十分微弱，只能隐约听到。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：张磊双手颤抖，拿出了应急小铲子。A. put away收好；B. took out取出；C. looked for寻找；D. threw away扔掉。根据后文“Struggling to free his legs, he dug upward inch by inch”可知，他需要挖雪脱困，于是取出应急铲子。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：精疲力竭地忙活两个小时后，他终于看见光线透过变薄的雪层照射进来。A. heard听见；B. saw看见；C. touched触摸；D. reached抵达。根据后文“daylight filtering (滤透) through the thinning snow layer”可知，日光是视觉景象，是他亲眼所见。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但真正的难题是在一望无际的白茫茫雪地中找到王峰。A. endless无边无际的；B. colorful多彩的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. small狭小的。根据前文雪崩过后整片区域都被白雪覆盖以及后文“white landscape”可知，雪原辽阔没有边界，搜寻队友难度极大。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：忽然，一抹红色织物反光映入眼帘——那是王峰红色手套，属于他的登山装备之一！A. cup杯子；B. shoe鞋子；C. glove手套；D. stick手杖。根据前文“a glint of red fabric”以及后文“one of his mountaineering equipment”可知，该物品是织物材质，手套符合描述且属于登山装备。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他快步冲过去，发现好友失去意识，头部受了重伤。A. slight轻微的；B. serious严重的；C. minor微小的；D. common普通的。根据后文“applying pressure to stop the bleeding”可知，需要立刻按压止血急救，足以说明头部伤势很重。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：他立刻运用培训中学到的急救技巧：按压伤口止血，用自己外套为王峰维持体温。A. forgot忘记；B. remembered记起；C. applied运用；D. learned学习。根据后文“first-aid techniques learned in training: applying pressure to stop the bleeding”可知，他把培训学到的急救知识实际付诸使用。 【30题详解】 考查动名词。句意：他立刻运用培训中学到的急救技巧：按压伤口止血，用自己外套为王峰维持体温。A. increasing升高；B. decreasing降低；C. maintaining维持；D. measuring测量。根据后文“Wang’s body temperature with his own coat.”以及在雪地中的情境可知，他用自己的外套帮队友维持正常体温避免失温。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：“坚持住，兄弟。”张磊低声说着，尽管他的喉咙因为缺水而灼痛。A. because of因为；B. instead of代替；C. in case of万一；D. in spite of尽管。根据前文的“his throat burned”以及后文“lack of water”可知，缺水是喉咙产生灼痛感的原因，because of用来引出原因。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：8小时后救援直升机抵达，医护人员满脸惊讶：“大多数人处在这种环境下早就放弃了。”A. anger愤怒；B. surprise惊讶；C. sadness难过；D. disappointment失望。根据后文医护人员原话“Most people would have given up in such conditions.”可知，二人能在绝境坚持到救援到来，超出医护人员预期，对方十分吃惊。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他平静答道：“勇气不是无所畏惧，而是即便身体每一处细胞都想要停下，依旧守住希望。”A. losing失去；B. giving up放弃；C. holding onto坚守；D. letting go放手。根据前文“Courage isn’t about being unafraid.”以及在困境中救援队友的情境可知，勇气是坚持希望。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：他平静答道：“勇气不是无所畏惧，而是即便身体每一处细胞都想要停下，依旧守住希望。”A. wants想要；B. refuses拒绝；C. decides决定；D. hopes期盼。根据前文描述的艰难情境以及“Courage isn’t about being unafraid. It’s about ________ hope”可知，长时间挖雪、低温缺水带来极度疲惫，身体本能想要停下行动。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：多年后王峰常常打趣：“那场雪崩没有埋葬我们，反倒把我们的友谊冰封在冰雪里，牢不可破。”A. destroyed摧毁；B. damaged损坏；C. melted融化；D. froze冰封。根据前文“That avalanche didn’t bury us”以及后文的“our friendship in ice, making it unbreakable”可知，雪崩没有掩埋他们，而是将他们的友谊冻结在冰中，使其坚不可摧。 四、语法填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is the home of kites. It is said that the kite ____36____ (invent) by Lu Ban in the Spring and Autumn period. Now, kites are both toys ____37____ a form of art. When they were invented, however, kites were first used for military purpose. They ____38____ (gradual) became used as a toy at some point after the Tang Dynasty. At first, ____39____ (fly) kites was a game for the children of the rich only. In the Northern Song Dynasty, when paper was used for making kites, the cost was greatly reduced, ____40____ made it possible for kites to become a popular toy rather than ____41____ toy for the rich only. Weifang, Shandong Province, ____42____ (be) the birthplace of Chinese kite culture. The International Kite Festival, as well as many other smaller kite ____43____ (festival), is regularly held there. As the largest kite ____44____ (produce) and distribution (分销) center in Chinese history, it is also known ____45____ the “World Kite Capital”. Chinese kites are becoming more and more popular with people all over the world. 【答案】36. was invented 37. and 38. gradually 39. flying 40. which 41. a 42. is 43. festivals 44. production 45. as 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国风筝的起源、发展演变、用途变化，以及山东潍坊作为“世界风筝之都”的文化地位。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说风筝是在春秋时期由鲁班发明的。根据时间状语“in the Spring and Autumn period(在春秋时期)”可知用一般过去时；主语the kite与动词invent为被动关系，需用被动语态“was/were done”，主语为单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词为invented。 【37题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：现在，风筝既是玩具也是一种艺术形式。根据固定搭配“both... and...(既……又……)”可知此处填and。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：唐代以后的某个时期，它们逐渐被用作玩具。空处修饰动词became，需要用副词作状语，gradual的副词形式为gradually，意为“逐渐地”。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：起初，放风筝只是富家子弟的一种游戏。本句中空格处作主语，需用动名词形式，fly的动名词为flying。 【40题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在北宋时期，当纸被用来制作风筝时，成本大大降低，这使得风筝成为大众玩具，而不再是富人的专属玩具。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句的内容，从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词which引导。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在北宋时期，当纸被用来制作风筝时，成本大大降低，这使得风筝成为大众玩具，而不再是富人的专属玩具。此处泛指“一种玩具”，toy为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：山东省潍坊市是中国风筝文化的发源地。本句为客观事实，用一般现在时；主语Weifang为单数名词，谓语动词用is。 【43题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：国际风筝节以及许多其他小型风筝节定期在这里举办。many后接可数名词复数，festival的复数形式为festivals。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为中国历史上最大的风筝生产和分销中心，它也被称为“世界风筝之都”。根据空格后的“and distribution center”可知，空处与distribution并列修饰center，需用名词形式，produce的名词production表示“生产”。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为中国历史上最大的风筝生产和分销中心，它也被称为“世界风筝之都”。根据固定搭配“be known as...(作为……而闻名；被誉为)”可知，此处应填介词as。 五、书面表达（满分40分） 46. 你们学校的英语俱乐部开展了一期主题为“太空是否值得探索”的征文活动。请你用标题Is space exploration worthwhile?写一篇短文谈谈自己的看法。要求：写出你的观点（值得还是不值得），再写出你的理由（3-4条）。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Is exploring space worthwhile? Ever since space research began, it has been criticized as a huge waste of money and other resources. In my opinion, despite the disadvantages and potential dangers, the advantages are far greater. Exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. The scientists have discovered a new agricultural model, Space Farm, to grow crops, which can improve the output and quality of crops. What’s more, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s current problems and even to find ways to solve them. In closing, exploring space contributes not only to the improvement of quality of human life, but also to our understanding of all the creatures. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校的英语俱乐部开展了一期主题为“太空是否值得探索”的征文活动，要求考生用标题Is space exploration worthwhile?写一篇短文谈谈自己的看法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 尽管：despite → in spite of the fact that 改善：improve → enhance 思考：think about → reflect on 解决：solve → address 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：In closing, exploring space contributes not only to the improvement of quality of human life, but also to our understanding of all the creatures. 拓展句：In closing, not only does exploring space contribute to the improvement of quality of human life, but it also contributes to our understanding of all the creatures. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Ever since space research began, it has been criticized as a huge waste of money and other resources.(运用了ever since引导的状语从句) 【高分句型2】Space Farm, to grow crops, which can improve the output and quality of crops. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 For Liam, swimming was more than a sport; it was a fundamental part of his being. Each morning before school, he found comfort in the silence of the pool. This daily discipline had built not just his body but also his spirit, giving him a quiet confidence and a deep understanding of the water’s power and peace. This inner calm was matched by a desire to help others. In school, he was the patient tutor who could explain complex maths in simple terms, and in his neighborhood, he was the reliable one who’d help carry groceries or fix a flat tire without a second thought. For Liam, assistance wasn’t a conscious choice but an instinctive (本能的) reaction, a response as natural as taking a breath. He never sought thanks; the simple act of making things right was its own reward. Liam had always felt a connection to Crystal Lake. Ever since he was a child, its deep, cool waters had been his escape from the world. Now, at sixteen, he was a familiar sight, swimming laps with a steady rhythm almost every afternoon. He found a peculiar peace in the weightless silence beneath the surface, a world away from the noise onshore. It was a perfect summer afternoon at Crystal Lake. The water was cool and inviting, reflecting the clear blue sky. Liam was enjoying a swim, moving effortlessly away from the crowded beach towards the quieter, deeper waters. He was a strong swimmer, proud of his swimming skill. As he treaded water, catching his breath, a sudden splash and a choked cry shattered the peace. A younger boy, who had been playing on an inflatable raft (充气筏), had fallen off and was now flailing (挥动) wildly. The boy’s panic was obvious; he was gasping for air, swallowing water instead. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Without hesitation, Liam swam to the boy quickly. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sam’s family rushed to Liam and Sam as they collapsed on the sand, gasping for air. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【参考范文】 Without hesitation, Liam swam to the boy quickly. Approaching from behind, he secured the struggling child with a firm grip, keeping both their heads above water. The boy, later known as Sam, flailed his arms frantically, pushing against Liam and dragging them both under. Liam remained calm. He kicked his legs hard, pushing through the water, and spoke in a low, steady voice, “Easy now, I’ve got you.” Each stroke was a battle against the boy’s panic and the water’s resistance. Gradually, his reassuring presence and strong technique eased Sam’s terror, allowing them to move steadily toward safety. As they neared the shore, alert bystanders splashed out to meet them, helping guide the exhausted pair onto the beach. Sam’s family rushed to Liam and Sam as they collapsed on the sand, gasping for air. Sam’s mother knelt and gathered her son into a tearful embrace. Then, with her eyes full of gratitude, she turned and clasped Liam’s hands tightly. Sam’s father placed a steadying hand on Liam’s shoulder, his voice thick with emotion as he simply said, “Thank you.” For Liam, the exhaustion that weighed down his limbs was already fading, replaced by a familiar, quiet warmth. Seeing Sam safe and feeling the family’s profound relief, he understood this was why he swam — not just for the peace it gave him, but for the strength it allowed him to share with others. Helping had always been his instinct, and today, that instinct had found its deepest meaning. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了16岁的Liam是游泳健将，他不仅在游泳中找到了内心的平静，还乐于助人。在Crystal Lake游泳时，他发现一个从充气筏上掉下来的男孩Sam正在水中挣扎，于是毫不犹豫地游过去救他。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Liam毫不犹豫地迅速游向男孩。”可知，第一段可描写Liam救男孩的过程，包括如何接近男孩、如何安抚他的情绪、如何将他带回岸边等细节。 ②由第二段首句内容“当Liam和Sam瘫倒在沙滩上，喘着粗气时，Sam的家人冲向他们。”可知，第二段可描写Sam的家人对Liam的感激之情，以及Liam对此的感受和思考，强调他帮助他人的本能和游泳带给他的力量。 2.续写线索：迅速游向男孩——安抚男孩情绪——将男孩带回岸边——家人感激——Liam的感受和思考 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①接近：approach/be close to ②安抚：ease/calm/soothe ③带回：guide/lead/take back 情绪类 ①感激：gratitude/thankfulness/appreciation ②平静：peace/calmness/serenity 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Approaching from behind, he secured the struggling child with a firm grip, keeping both their heads above water.（现在分词短语Approaching from behind作状语，表示伴随的动作） [高分句型2]. As they neared the shore, alert bystanders splashed out to meet them, helping guide the exhausted pair onto the beach.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型3]. Seeing Sam safe and feeling the family’s profound relief, he understood this was why he swam — not just for the peace it gave him, but for the strength it allowed him to share with others.（现在分词短语Seeing Sam safe and feeling the family’s profound relief作状语和why连接的表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 柳江中学2028届高二10月检测（英语） （时间：150分钟 总分：150分） 一、听力（每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What does the woman mean? A. John doesn’t like dreaming. B. John doesn’t have enough good ideas. C. John doesn’t put his ideas into practice. 2. What is the man doing? A. Asking for directions. B. Planning a journey. C. Buying a train ticket. 3. What will the speakers find a person to do? A. Check the office. B. Download the file. C. Handle the Internet problem. 4. When did the man leave for home? A. At ten. B. At eleven. C. At ten thirty. 5. How soon will the meeting begin? A. In 20 minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 40 minutes. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Hostess and guest. C. Chef and customer. 7. What is the man most likely to have for dinner? A. French fries. B. Ham sandwiches. C. Fish and vegetables. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8. How does the man probably feel? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Regretful. 9. What will the man do next? A. Talk to Samantha. B. Dance with the woman. C. Attend a graduation ceremony. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10. How does the man want his hair cut? A. All off the back. B. All off the sides. C. A little off the top and sides. 11. What did the man complain about? A. The woman cut his hair too short. B. The woman cut his ear accidentally. C. The towel was too dirty. 12. Why can’t the man complain directly to the manager? A. The manager is on vacation. B. The manager is out to lunch. C. The manager is dealing with another customer. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Schoolmates. C. Workmates. 14. How does the woman feel about the change? A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. 15. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Go to art galleries. B. Attend concerts. C. Visit science museums. 16. What kind of music does the man like most? A. Classical. B. Jazz. C. Country. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. When does the speaker probably give the talk? A. On December 18. B. On December 24. C. On December 25. 18. Why does the speaker mention “Happy Birthday”? A. To show the difference between “merry” and “happy”. B. To explain why “merry” is widely used. C. To say that “merry” is special. 19. What can we learn from the talk? A. “Happy Christmas” has disappeared completely. B. Charles Dickens defined many Christmas traditions. C. “Merry Christmas” has been used since at least 1534. 20. What will the speaker do probably? A. Play some videos. B. Teach some common phrases. C. Read stories by Charles Dickens. 二、阅读（每小题2.5分，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Get ready to pack your bags! Once again, Vienna has been named the world’s most livable city, and we’re suddenly craving Sachertorte and a cup of coffee. In its newly released Global Liveability Index for 2022, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) looked at 172 cities worldwide, assessing 30 livability factors across five categories: stability, health care, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure (基础设施). Vienna, which ended up with an index rating of 99.1, topped the list, followed by Copenhagen (98.0) and Zurich (96.3) “Stability and good infrastructure are Vienna’s main charms for its inhabitants (居民), supported by good healthcare and plenty of opportunities for culture and entertainment,” the EIU wrote in its report. The City of Music has plenty to offer to keep its residents occupied. Music lovers will want to spend their evenings at the State Opera, while art enthusiasts and history buffs will enjoy diving into the city’s 100-plus museums. And when you need to take it slow, Vienna’s cozy coffeehouses provide the perfect setting for catching up with friends. Vienna, which ranked first in 2018 and 2019, dropped down to 12th place in 2021 due to pandemic-related museum and restaurant closures. “For the past two years, EIU’s global liveability rankings have been largely driven by the pandemic, with lockdowns and social distancing measures affecting scores for culture, education, and healthcare in cities across the world,” said the report. “However, in our most recent survey, the index has normalized, as restrictions have been lifted in many countries.” Want more information about other liveable cities? Click our website. 1. What significantly appeals to the locals in Vienna by the EIU report in 2022? A. Stability and environment. B. Education and Health care. C. Health care and culture. D. Basic facilities and stability. 2. What can the residents in Vienna easily enjoy according to the text? A. Gaining free health care. B. Performing at the State Opera. C. Sharing coffee with friends leisurely. D. Displaying works at the museum. 3. What does the author intend to do? A. Introduce the most livable city. B. Announce global liveability rankings. C. Compare the most livable cities. D. Highlight Global Liveability Index. B You won’t be surprised to hear that sweet treats such as cakes and biscuits contain sugar. But do you know that it occurs naturally in most foods apart from meat and fish? Sugar is in all kinds of food but where does it come from? Humans started growing sugar cane (甘蔗) around 10,000 years ago on the island of New Guinea in the Pacific Ocean. Before that, honey and juice from fruit were almost the only sweeteners people had. Over thousands of years, knowledge of how to grow sugar cane spread to China, Southeast Asia and India. Slowly, the love of sugar travelled west. In the 11th century, soldiers who fought in the wars in the Middle East brought sugar back to Britain. It took a long time for it to become popular there, partly because it was very expensive. It was used economically as a spice and a medicine for coughs and stomach problems. For hundreds of years, sugar was a luxury reserved for royalty and nobles — but the market grew steadily. By the 17th century, the industries growing sugar in the Caribbean couldn’t keep up with demand. More industries to grow more sugar cane needed more people to work for them. To feed this need, Europeans enslaved men, women and children from Africa and transported them to the Caribbean and Central and South America. There they were forced to work in terrible conditions. Britain’s craving for sugar helped drive this trade in enslaved people. Nowadays, most companies try to make sure that the farmers and workers who produce their sugar are treated fairly. The most common type of sugar in the UK is white granulated (白砂糖). Icing sugar is the same thing but ground into a fine powder. Brown sugars, on the other hand, have a slight caramel taste. This comes from a dark syrup called molasses (糖浆). Most molasses comes from sugar cane and it is a “by-product” (something less important created during a process) of sugar-making. Brown sugars are basically white sugar with a bit of molasses put back in. Experts say that sugar is fine when eaten in small amounts — the trouble comes when people eat too much of it. Doctors warn that sugar is bad for your health and dentists agree sugar attacks the hard layer of enamel that protects your teeth. Enjoy sugar as an occasional treat, say experts, and brush your teeth twice a day. 4. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How sugar spread to Britain. B. How people started growing sugar. C. How sugar was made from sugar cane. D. What sweeteners people had in ancient times. 5. Why did sugar take a long time to be widely accepted in Britain? A. Because it was difficult to grow there. B. Because it was only known to have medical uses. C. Because it couldn’t be afforded by ordinary people. D. Because British people preferred honey and fruit juice. 6. The underlined word “craving” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. Access B. Desire C. Dislike D. Concern 7. Which of the following statements would the experts most likely agree with? A. Eating sugar does no good to your health. B. White sugar is much healthier than brown sugar. C. Sugar is not harmful in small amounts to the body. D. Eating sugar is essential for maintaining a balanced diet. C The stars were always within reach for Katherine Johnson. Using her mathematics skills, she helped NASA send astronauts to the moon and return them safely home. Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918. Math came easy to her. She started high school when she was just 10 years old and college when she was 15. After graduating with honors at 18, Johnson taught black students math. Later she continued to study math at West Virginia University but left early to raise a family and return to teaching. In 1952, when she was 34 years old, she learned about jobs for black women with mathematics and computing skills at the Langley Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (航空学), which would later become NASA. She and the other women worked as “human computers,” figuring out the difficult calculations (计算) needed for spaceflight. During her time there, she broke racial (种族的) barriers, like using the bathroom that was supposed to be for white women only. One of her biggest achievements at NASA was helping calculate the path of the country’s first human spaceflight in 1961, making sure astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr. had a safe trip. A year later she helped figure out John Glenn’s orbit of the planet, another American first. In 1969, she calculated the path of Neil Armstrong’s historic mission to the moon on Apollo 11. Yet unlike the white male astronauts she helped launch into space, no one knew of the groundbreaking work Johnson and many other black women did for NASA and space exploration. It wasn’t until the 2016 launch of the movie Hidden Figures that these women received widespread recognition. Johnson died in 2020, at the age of 101. In her honor, NASA built the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility at the Langley Research Center to celebrate the hard work she did. 8. What can be inferred about Johnson? A. She hesitated before raising a family. B. She showed extraordinary talent in math. C. She struggled with teaching black students. D. She received many honors during her teaching career. 9. What did Johnson do at NASA? A. She studied racial barriers. B. She calculated spaceflight paths. C. She led physical training programs. D. She designed astronauts’ bathrooms. 10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The variety of spaceflight projects. B. The courage of American astronauts. C. The desire of NASA’s administrators (管理人员). D. The significance of Johnson’s achievements. 11. What helped Johnson win the public’s attention? A. Her public speech. B. Her story in a movie. C. Support from black women. D. Recommendations by scientists. D Locals who frequent a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, are often surprised when they are treated by a German doctor specializing in TCM with fluent Henan dialect. He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine. He skillfully performs techniques such as acupuncture (针灸), pulse diagnosis, and cupping therapy. Walker came to Henan Province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine. Now, he has fully adopted the lifestyle in Henan. On Chinese social media platforms, Walker is committed to promoting traditional Chinese medicine. His expertise in TCM fascinates Chinese netizens and he often uses ancient Chinese medical texts, for example, Huangdi Neijing, one of Chinese great medical works, to explain the philosophy behind the treatments. Other Chinese classics, such as Yijing, Zhuangzi, and Lunyu, which have long been foundation of Chinese philosophy, are also on Walker’s reading list. He takes pleasure in absorbing ancient wisdom because he finds many ideas deeply intertwined (交织) with TCM practices. One fundamental worldview of TCM highlights the balance, from which Walker himself benefited. In the past, he experienced significant emotional ups and downs, and tended to be somewhat pigheaded, often viewing things from his own perspective. Now he has become more tolerant and approached issues from multiple angles with a more inclusive (包容的) perspective. In other words, his personality has also become more balanced. According to Walker, the unique wisdom rooted in Chinese culture can not only benefit physical well-being but can also extend beyond medicine and offer excellent guidance for the whole world. He stressed, “If more people could understand the TCM wisdom, the world would become more peaceful.” 12. What do we know about Walker? A. He is surprised at the locals’ dialect. B. He is a German good at traditional Chinese medicine. C. He has great skills of making acupuncture needles. D. He has gained a master’s degree in Henan. 13. Why did Walker come to Henan Province? A. He intended to be popular online. B. He desired to learn about its lifestyles. C. Henan Province is a centre for TCM. D. Henan Province has rich natural resources. 14. The underlined word “pigheaded” in the fourth paragraph probably means ________. A. flexible B. piggy C. tolerant D. stubborn 15. Which of the following best describes Walker? A. Devoted and professional. B. Courageous and calm. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Enthusiastic and kind. 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sometimes in our lives, we face this problem: both loved ones and strangers can annoy us. At home, we’ve had to put up with children screaming during online meetings and family members being on the computer all the time. ____16____ Kindness seems like a distant memory. The ability to live peacefully with annoying housemates or neighbors seems more difficult than ever. ____17____ If we treat kindness as a skill and make it a daily practice, it will come more easily over time. ____18____ Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), which traces its roots back to early Buddhism, helps us find compassion for one another even during trying times. This meditation asks us to send thoughts of loving-kindness to our loved ones, then to acquaintances (people you don’t know very well), and finally to difficult people. Over time, our unkind thoughts are replaced with more open, accepting ones. Anger is replaced with love, or at least kindness. Donald Altman, a psychotherapist from Portland, Oregon, says LKM helps us recognize that we are all vulnerable and have been hurt. ____19____ So how do we practice it? To begin with, Altman suggests finding a quiet place to sit. He says to then imagine a favorite family member or friend sending you the words: “May you be well, happy, and at peace.” After a few minutes, direct the words at yourself: “May I be well, happy, and at peace.” ____20____ Replace the “I” with the name of a teacher or coach, then a family member or friend, then an acquaintance, and finally an unfriendly person in your life. End the meditation by spreading the blessings to all living beings. Indeed, we should find our own way to practice LKM-but only if we are prepared to embrace its benefits and extend them to anyone who may need them. A. The good news is that it isn’t lost B. Luckily, we can look to ancient disciplines for guidance C. Then, extend the blessing to other people, in order of decreasing fondness. D. At work, we have had to take the pressure these demanding crate. E. For that reason, we could all benefit from love’s warm and comforting blessing F. You can combine the words with breathing, repeating a phrase of love for yourself G. Outside, we have encountered drivers speeding on busy roads and passengers talking loudly on the subway 三、语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When the avalanche (雪崩) hit Mount Jade, 18-year-old climber Zhang Lei found himself completely ____21____ under three meters of snow. His left leg was numb from the cold, and the oxygen mask hung ____22____ around his neck, its strap (绑带) torn by the avalanche’s force. Through the howling wind, he could ____23____ hear his teammate Wang Feng’s faint cries for help. With trembling hands, Zhang ____24____ his emergency shovel. Struggling to free his legs, he dug up ward inch by inch. After two exhausting hours, he finally ____25____ daylight filtering (滤透) through the thinning snow layer. But the real challenge was finding Wang in the ____26____ white landscape. Suddenly, a glint of red fabric caught his eye — Wang’s red ____27____, one of his mountaineering equipment! Rushing over, Zhang found his friend unconscious with a ____28____ head wound. He immediately ____29____ first-aid techniques learned in training: applying pressure to stop the bleeding, ____30____ Wang’s body temperature with his own coat. “Hold on, buddy,” Zhang whispered, though his throat burned ____31____ lack of water. When the rescue helicopter arrived 8 hours later, the medic stared in ____32____ : “Most people would have given up in such conditions.” At the award ceremony, reporters asked Zhang about his bravery. He replied quietly: “Courage isn’t about being unafraid. It’s about ____33____ hope even when every cell in your body ____34____ to stop.” Years later, Wang often jokes: “That avalanche didn’t bury us — it ____35____ our friendship in ice, making it unbreakable.” 21. A. dug B. buried C. sheltered D. hidden 22. A. loosely B. tightly C. carefully D. quickly 23. A. hardly B. clearly C. faintly D. easily 24. A. put away B. took out C. looked for D. threw away 25. A. heard B. saw C. touched D. reached 26. A. endless B. colorful C. beautiful D. small 27. A. cup B. shoe C. glove D. stick 28. A. slight B. serious C. minor D. common 29. A. forgot B. remembered C. applied D. learned 30. A. increasing B. decreasing C. maintaining D. measuring 31. A. because of B. instead of C. in case of D. in spite of 32. A. anger B. surprise C. sadness D. disappointment 33. A. losing B. giving up C. holding onto D. letting go 34. A. wants B. refuses C. decides D. hopes 35. A. destroyed B. damaged C. melted D. froze 四、语法填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is the home of kites. It is said that the kite ____36____ (invent) by Lu Ban in the Spring and Autumn period. Now, kites are both toys ____37____ a form of art. When they were invented, however, kites were first used for military purpose. They ____38____ (gradual) became used as a toy at some point after the Tang Dynasty. At first, ____39____ (fly) kites was a game for the children of the rich only. In the Northern Song Dynasty, when paper was used for making kites, the cost was greatly reduced, ____40____ made it possible for kites to become a popular toy rather than ____41____ toy for the rich only. Weifang, Shandong Province, ____42____ (be) the birthplace of Chinese kite culture. The International Kite Festival, as well as many other smaller kite ____43____ (festival), is regularly held there. As the largest kite ____44____ (produce) and distribution (分销) center in Chinese history, it is also known ____45____ the “World Kite Capital”. Chinese kites are becoming more and more popular with people all over the world. 五、书面表达（满分40分） 46. 你们学校的英语俱乐部开展了一期主题为“太空是否值得探索”的征文活动。请你用标题Is space exploration worthwhile?写一篇短文谈谈自己的看法。要求：写出你的观点（值得还是不值得），再写出你的理由（3-4条）。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 For Liam, swimming was more than a sport; it was a fundamental part of his being. Each morning before school, he found comfort in the silence of the pool. This daily discipline had built not just his body but also his spirit, giving him a quiet confidence and a deep understanding of the water’s power and peace. This inner calm was matched by a desire to help others. In school, he was the patient tutor who could explain complex maths in simple terms, and in his neighborhood, he was the reliable one who’d help carry groceries or fix a flat tire without a second thought. For Liam, assistance wasn’t a conscious choice but an instinctive (本能的) reaction, a response as natural as taking a breath. He never sought thanks; the simple act of making things right was its own reward. Liam had always felt a connection to Crystal Lake. Ever since he was a child, its deep, cool waters had been his escape from the world. Now, at sixteen, he was a familiar sight, swimming laps with a steady rhythm almost every afternoon. He found a peculiar peace in the weightless silence beneath the surface, a world away from the noise onshore. It was a perfect summer afternoon at Crystal Lake. The water was cool and inviting, reflecting the clear blue sky. Liam was enjoying a swim, moving effortlessly away from the crowded beach towards the quieter, deeper waters. He was a strong swimmer, proud of his swimming skill. As he treaded water, catching his breath, a sudden splash and a choked cry shattered the peace. A younger boy, who had been playing on an inflatable raft (充气筏), had fallen off and was now flailing (挥动) wildly. The boy’s panic was obvious; he was gasping for air, swallowing water instead. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Without hesitation, Liam swam to the boy quickly. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sam’s family rushed to Liam and Sam as they collapsed on the sand, gasping for air. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $