精品解析：广东深圳市龙岗区宏扬学校2026—2027学年八年级英语上学期学科素养形成练习 练习一

2026—2027学年八年级英语 （上册） 学科素养形成练习 练习一 Unit 1—Unit 2 （满分：75分） Ⅰ. 完形填空 (10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Numbers are everywhere in our lives. They help us ___1___ things, and remember important information. However, sometimes a number ___2___. Have you ever noticed that there is no Windows 9 or iPhone 9? In 2015, Microsoft released (发布) a new computer system called Windows 10. Many people ___3___, “Why not Windows 9?” Microsoft did not give a ___4___ answer, so no one knows ___5___ why it made this choice. Perhaps there was more than one reason behind it. One possible reason is that some older computer programmes ___6___ the name of the system. They ___7___ names like “Windows 95” or “Windows 98”. If Microsoft had used the name Windows 9, these programmes might have thought it was one of the older systems and caused problems. So, using “Windows 10” could help avoid confusion. Apple also skipped (跳过) a number. After the iPhone 8, Apple released the iPhone X in 2017. The letter “X” is the Roman number for 10. Apple chose this name because it was the ___8___ anniversary (周年) of the first iPhone. Later, Apple continued with the iPhone XS and iPhone 11. Numbers are not always just numbers. They can ___9___ a special meaning, tell a story, or create a strong feeling. The ____10____ number 9 is a good example. Sometimes, what we do not see can be just as interesting as what we see. 1. A. choose B. count C. change D. collect 2. A. appears B. changes C. returns D. disappears 3. A. answered B. remembered C. wondered D. decided 4. A. clear B. short C. simple D. special 5. A. finally B. already C. exactly D. usually 6. A. checked B. created C. replaced D. changed 7. A. wrote down B. looked for C. paid back D. cared about 8. A. first B. tenth C. twentieth D. last 9. A. remember B. receive C. represent D. complete 10. A. strange B. lucky C. common D. missing Ⅱ. 阅读理解 (40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A Numbers can tell us many interesting things about animals. Some animals are very fast, some are very strong, and some are much bigger than we think. Let’s look at a few amazing numbers in the animal world. The cheetah is the fastest land animal. It can run at about 100 kilometres per hour. However, it can only keep this speed for about 20 to 30 seconds. After that, it needs to rest. The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. It can grow to about 30 metres long and weigh around 180 tonnes. Its heart is as heavy as a small car, and its tongue can weigh as much as an elephant. An African elephant eats about 150 kilograms of food and drinks about 200 litres of water every day. It uses its strong trunk to pick up food, drink water and even greet other elephants. A honeybee is very small, but it works hard. To make one kilogram of honey, bees must visit about four million flowers. Together they fly a very long distance to collect enough sweet nectar (花蜜). The peregrine falcon is the fastest animal in the world. When it dives to catch food, it can reach a speed of more than 300 kilometres per hour. These numbers may sound surprising, but they help us understand how amazing animals really are. The next time you see an animal, remember that every one of them has its own special story, and sometimes a number can tell that story better than many words. 11. How fast can a cheetah run at the highest speed? A. About 20 kilometres per hour. B. About 100 kilometres per hour. C. About 180 kilometres per hour. D. More than 300 kilometres per hour. 12. What can we learn about the blue whale from the passage? A. It is the fastest animal on Earth. B. It eats about 150 kilograms of food every day. C. Its heart is as heavy as a small car. D. Its tongue is smaller than an elephant’s. 13. Why do honeybees visit millions of flowers? A. Because they want to find new homes. B. Because they want to help other animals. C. Because they need to make themselves bigger. D. Because they need to collect enough nectar. 14. What can we know about the peregrine falcon? A. It can collect honey from millions of flowers. B. It needs to rest after flying for 30 seconds. C. It can fly faster than a cheetah can run. D. It is the largest animal in the world. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Animals are more important than humans. B. Animals need numbers to live better. C. People should protect all animals. D. Numbers can tell us interesting things about animals. B Today we use the numbers like 1,2,3,4 and 5 every day. However, people in ancient Rome used a different way to write numbers. They are called Roman numerals. Roman numerals use only seven letters: I, V, X, L, C, D and M. Each letter stands for a number. I means 1, V means 5, X means 10, L means 50, C means 100, D means 500, and M means 1,000. Making numbers is not difficult. II means 2, and III means 3 because the letters are added together. VI means 6 because it is 5+1. However, when a smaller letter comes before a bigger one, you subtract it. For example, IV means 4 because it is 5-1, and IX means 9 because it is 10-1. Roman numerals are not often used for counting today, but we can still see them in many places. Some clocks use I to XII instead of 1 to 12. Some books use Roman numerals for the first pages. They are also used to name kings and queens, such as King Charles III and Queen Elizabeth II. You may even see them in the names of sports events, such as the 33rd Olympic Games, which used the Roman numerals XXXIII. Roman numerals are more than 2,000 years old. They remind us that numbers have a long history. Although we now use a different number system, Roman numerals are still an interesting part of our lives. 16. How does the writer explain the meanings of Roman numerals? A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions. C. By telling a story. D. By comparing countries. 17. Which Roman numeral means 9? A. VI. B. IV. C. XI. D. IX. 18. Where can we still see Roman numerals today? A. On most road signs and maps. B. On clocks and the first pages of some books. C. On every page of most books. D. On all mobile phones and computers. 19. Why does the writer mention King Charles Ⅲ and Queen Elizabeth II? A. To show that Roman numerals are still used today. B. To tell readers more about British history. C. To explain why kings like Roman numerals. D. To compare Roman numerals with modern numbers. 20. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A new way to count B. The history of ancient Rome C. Roman numerals: old but useful D. Different number systems around the world C The dodo was a large bird that lived on Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean. It was a type of bird, but it could not fly. The dodo had strong legs and a large beak (鸟喙). It was about one metre tall. Today, many people know about this unusual bird, but it died out more than 300 years ago. Before people arrived on the island, the dodo lived a quiet life. It had very few enemies, so it was not afraid of people. When sailors (水手) first visited Mauritius, they found the birds easy to catch. They also brought animals such as dogs, pigs and rats to the island. These animals ate the dodos’ eggs. Soon, fewer and fewer young dodos were born. The original forests on the island became smaller because people cut down many trees. The dodos lost their homes as well as their food. In the end, the bird completely disappeared. Scientists believe the last dodo probably died in the late 1600s. Today, we cannot see a real dodo. There is not a single photo because cameras had not been invented at that time. However, old pictures, travellers’ notebooks, and bones help scientists learn more about the bird. They believe the dodo is related to pigeons, although it looked very different. The story of the dodo teaches us an important lesson. Perhaps people did not understand how important every animal was. Now we know that every living thing plays an important role in nature. If we do not protect animals and their homes, more species may die out in the future. Learning about the dodo reminds us that once an animal disappears, it cannot come back again. 21. Why were the first sailors able to catch dodos easily? A. Because the dodos could fly only short distances. B. Because the dodos were not afraid of people. C. Because the dodos liked staying near the sea. D. Because the dodos wanted food from the sailors. 22. What was one reason why fewer young dodos were born? A. Other birds took their homes. B. The weather became much colder. C. Animals brought by people ate their eggs. D. The dodos stopped laying eggs (下蛋). 23. Why does the writer mention that there is not a single photo of the dodo? A. To tell readers that scientists learn about the dodo from other records. B. To encourage people to take more photos of wild animals. C. To explain why scientists know little about the dodo. D. To show that cameras were not popular at that time. 24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Many natural enemies lived on Mauritius before people arrived. B. The dodo disappeared before people reached Mauritius. C. Cutting down trees made the dodos lose their homes. D. The dodo was a small bird with weak legs. 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Animals need safe places to live. B. Every animal is important in nature. C. Scientists know everything about animals. D. People can always save endangered animals. 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分） 以下是一则短文，请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Bencao Gangmu is one of the greatest encyclopaedias of traditional Chinese medicine. Its English name is Compendium of Materia Medica. ____26____ He came from a family of doctors and loved studying medicine from a young age. ____27____ Some information was not correct, and some useful plants were missing. He wanted to make a better book, so he travelled to many places. He talked with farmers, fishermen, travellers and other doctors. He also collected plants and carefully studied them himself. He worked on the book for nearly 30 years and checked it many times before finishing it in 1578. ____28____ Bencao Gangmu describes 1,892 kinds of medicines. Most of them come from plants, but the book also includes medicines from animals and minerals (矿物质) . It includes over 11,000 recipes (配方) for treating different illnesses. The medicines are grouped into different classes, making them easier to study and use. ____29____ Today, Bencao Gangmu is famous not only in China but also in many other countries. ____30____ It also includes knowledge about plants, animals, minerals and nature. Thanks to Li Shizhen’s careful work, this great encyclopaedia has become an important part of Chinese culture and the history of science. A. Sadly, he died before the book was finally published (出版). B. People study it because it is more than a medical book. C. Li Shizhen found that many old medical books had mistakes. D. Many people thanked Li Shizhen for helping them get better. E. It was written by Li Shizhen, a great doctor in the Ming dynasty. F. The book also includes many pictures to help people recognize the plants and other materials. 第三节 信息匹配(共5小题，每小题1.5分) 下面的材料A~F分别介绍了六种不同的百科全书。请根据Kate, David, Bob, Susan, Mike五个人的情况，为他们选择合适的百科全书，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 ____31____ Kate loves drawing. She wants to learn about famous painters and their works. ____32____ David is interested in very large numbers and wants to know how people wrote numbers hundreds of years ago. ____33____ Bob enjoys learning about animals. He wants to know why some animals disappeared forever. ____34____ Susan wants to become a scientist. She hopes to learn how to keep good records during her experiments. ____35____ Mike is interested in giant animals that lived millions of years ago. He would like to know why they no longer live on Earth. A. Dinosaurs around the world This encyclopedia tells readers about different types of dinosaurs. It explains where they lived, what they ate, and why they died out. There are also colourful pictures and maps. It is a good book for students who enjoy prehistoric animals. B. Great artists through history Would you like to learn about famous artists? This encyclopedia introduces their birth and death, their most famous pieces of art, and the stories behind their works. It also shows how art has changed over time. C. Amazing numbers This encyclopedia is full of interesting facts about numbers. It explains Roman numbers, large numbers, percentages and symbols in simple ways. Readers can also find fun number games and quizzes. D. Animals in danger Many animals are becoming fewer every year. This encyclopedia explains why some animals are in danger and how people can protect them. It also introduces animals that have already died out, such as the dodo. E. How things move This encyclopedia introduces different types of vehicles, from bicycles to high-speed trains and planes. It explains how they work and how they have changed people’s lives. F. Young scientists’ notebook This encyclopedia teaches students to observe, record and organize information like young scientists. It also shows how to keep a notebook and carry out simple science projects. Ⅲ. 语法填空 (10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lai Ka-ying is a Chinese astronaut from Hong Kong. She is the first female Chinese civilian (平民) to travel into space and the first astronaut from Hong Kong. She joined China’s ____36____ (four) group of astronauts after passing many difficult tests and training programmes. Lai was born in Hong Kong in November 1982 and grew ____37____ in Tsuen Wan. She ____38____ (study) computer science and information systems at The University of Hong Kong. After ____39____ (finish) her studies, she worked for the Hong Kong Police Force. Her job included computer forensics and cyber security (电子取证及网络安全). She wanted to use her knowledge ____40____ (help) the public. In 2022, Lai applied to become a payload specialist (载荷专家) when China started choosing a new group of astronauts. She trained hard in Beijing ____41____ two years. During ____42____ training, she improved her Mandarin, learned to use a spacesuit, and completed many challenging exercises. Lai says she is proud to serve ____43____ (she) country and hopes to finish every task ____44____ (success). She also wants to look at China from space and take ____45____ (photo) of the Earth. Her story encourages young people to work hard, never give up, and follow their dreams. Ⅳ. 书面表达 (15分） 46. 最近二十几年中，深圳地铁取得了巨大的发展，请你以“The development of Shenzhen Metro”为题，根据以下参考数据，写一篇英语作文介绍深圳地铁的发展变化，并谈谈地铁发展给深圳和人们生活带来的影响。 参考数据： 2004年：12月28日，深圳地铁1号线、4号线开通，共有2条线路，深圳正式进入地铁时代。 2010年：2号线、3号线开通，线路总数达到4条。 2011年：5号线开通，线路总数达到5条。 2016年：7号线、9号线、11号线开通，线路总数达到8条。 2026年：深圳地铁共有17条线路，轨道全长641.97公里，共有432座车站。 要点：1. 深圳地铁的发展历程： 2. 至少引用两组参考数据说明深圳地铁的变化； 3. 谈谈你对深圳地铁发展的感受或看法。 要求：1. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 2. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名： 4. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：时代 (era）；地铁线路 (metro line）；轨道 (track) The development of Shenzhen Metro Shenzhen Metro has changed a lot in the past twenty years. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027学年八年级英语 （上册） 学科素养形成练习 练习一 Unit 1—Unit 2 （满分：75分） Ⅰ. 完形填空 (10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Numbers are everywhere in our lives. They help us ___1___ things, and remember important information. However, sometimes a number ___2___. Have you ever noticed that there is no Windows 9 or iPhone 9? In 2015, Microsoft released (发布) a new computer system called Windows 10. Many people ___3___, “Why not Windows 9?” Microsoft did not give a ___4___ answer, so no one knows ___5___ why it made this choice. Perhaps there was more than one reason behind it. One possible reason is that some older computer programmes ___6___ the name of the system. They ___7___ names like “Windows 95” or “Windows 98”. If Microsoft had used the name Windows 9, these programmes might have thought it was one of the older systems and caused problems. So, using “Windows 10” could help avoid confusion. Apple also skipped (跳过) a number. After the iPhone 8, Apple released the iPhone X in 2017. The letter “X” is the Roman number for 10. Apple chose this name because it was the ___8___ anniversary (周年) of the first iPhone. Later, Apple continued with the iPhone XS and iPhone 11. Numbers are not always just numbers. They can ___9___ a special meaning, tell a story, or create a strong feeling. The ____10____ number 9 is a good example. Sometimes, what we do not see can be just as interesting as what we see. 1. A. choose B. count C. change D. collect 2. A. appears B. changes C. returns D. disappears 3. A. answered B. remembered C. wondered D. decided 4. A. clear B. short C. simple D. special 5. A. finally B. already C. exactly D. usually 6. A. checked B. created C. replaced D. changed 7. A. wrote down B. looked for C. paid back D. cared about 8. A. first B. tenth C. twentieth D. last 9. A. remember B. receive C. represent D. complete 10. A. strange B. lucky C. common D. missing 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述数字在生活中的作用，以Windows 10和iPhone X跳过数字9为例，说明数字背后可能隐藏的特殊含义与故事。 【1题详解】 句意：它们帮助我们计数事物，并记住重要信息。 根据“Numbers are everywhere in our lives”及常识，数字主要用于计数。count“计数”符合逻辑，choose“选择”、change“改变”、collect“收集”均不符合。 【2题详解】 句意：然而，有时一个数字会消失。 根据后文“no Windows 9 or iPhone 9”可知，有些数字是不存在的，即消失了。disappears“消失”符合语境，appears“出现”、changes“改变”、returns“返回”均不符合。 【3题详解】 句意：许多人想知道，“为什么不是Windows 9？” 根据引号内的疑问句“Why not...”，可知人们心中存有疑问。wondered“想知道，疑惑”符合逻辑，answered“回答”、remembered“记得”、decided“决定”均不符合。 【4题详解】 句意：微软没有给出明确的答复，所以没有人确切知道它做出这个选择的原因。 根据后句“no one knows”可知，因为答案不清楚，所以没人知道。clear“明确的”符合语境，short“短的”、simple“简单的”、special“特别的”均不符合。 【5题详解】 句意：微软没有给出明确的答复，所以没有人确切知道它做出这个选择的原因。 根据语境，此处表示没有人“确切地”知道原因，exactly“确切地”符合逻辑，finally“最终”、already“已经”、usually“通常”均不符合。 【6题详解】 句意：一个可能的原因是一些老旧电脑程序会检查系统名称。 根据后文“these programmes might have thought it was one of the older systems”，此处表示程序会“检查”系统名字，checked“检查”符合语境，created“创造”、replaced“替代”、changed“改变” 均不符合。 【7题详解】 句意：它们寻找像“Windows 95”或者“Windows 98”这样的名称。 根据前文程序会检查系统名称，此处表示程序“寻找”这类名字，looked for“寻找”符合逻辑，wrote down“写下”、paid back“偿还”、cared about“关心”均不符合。 【8题详解】 句意：苹果选择这个名字是因为它是第一部iPhone的十周年纪念日。 根据前文“The letter ‘X’ is the Roman number for 10”，此处表示第十周年，tenth“第十”符合语境，first“第一”、twentieth“第二十”、last“最后的”均不符合。 【9题详解】 句意：它们可以代表特殊的含义，讲述故事或者带来强烈的感受。 根据“a special meaning”，此处表示数字“代表”特殊含义，represent“代表”符合逻辑，remember“记住”、receive“收到”、complete“完成”均不符合。 【10题详解】 句意：缺失的数字9就是一个很好的例子。 根据全文主题及后句“what we do not see”，可知指缺失的数字。missing“缺失的”符合语境，strange“奇怪的”、lucky“幸运的”、common“普通的”均不符合。 Ⅱ. 阅读理解 (40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A Numbers can tell us many interesting things about animals. Some animals are very fast, some are very strong, and some are much bigger than we think. Let’s look at a few amazing numbers in the animal world. The cheetah is the fastest land animal. It can run at about 100 kilometres per hour. However, it can only keep this speed for about 20 to 30 seconds. After that, it needs to rest. The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. It can grow to about 30 metres long and weigh around 180 tonnes. Its heart is as heavy as a small car, and its tongue can weigh as much as an elephant. An African elephant eats about 150 kilograms of food and drinks about 200 litres of water every day. It uses its strong trunk to pick up food, drink water and even greet other elephants. A honeybee is very small, but it works hard. To make one kilogram of honey, bees must visit about four million flowers. Together they fly a very long distance to collect enough sweet nectar (花蜜). The peregrine falcon is the fastest animal in the world. When it dives to catch food, it can reach a speed of more than 300 kilometres per hour. These numbers may sound surprising, but they help us understand how amazing animals really are. The next time you see an animal, remember that every one of them has its own special story, and sometimes a number can tell that story better than many words. 11. How fast can a cheetah run at the highest speed? A. About 20 kilometres per hour. B. About 100 kilometres per hour. C. About 180 kilometres per hour. D. More than 300 kilometres per hour. 12. What can we learn about the blue whale from the passage? A. It is the fastest animal on Earth. B. It eats about 150 kilograms of food every day. C. Its heart is as heavy as a small car. D. Its tongue is smaller than an elephant’s. 13. Why do honeybees visit millions of flowers? A. Because they want to find new homes. B. Because they want to help other animals. C. Because they need to make themselves bigger. D. Because they need to collect enough nectar. 14. What can we know about the peregrine falcon? A. It can collect honey from millions of flowers. B. It needs to rest after flying for 30 seconds. C. It can fly faster than a cheetah can run. D. It is the largest animal in the world. 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Animals are more important than humans. B. Animals need numbers to live better. C. People should protect all animals. D. Numbers can tell us interesting things about animals. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要通过介绍猎豹、蓝鲸、非洲象、蜜蜂和游隼等动物身上令人惊叹的数字，生动展现了奇妙而独特的动物世界。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。表格第一行关于猎豹的介绍中明确提到：“It can run at about 100 kilometres per hour.”，说明猎豹奔跑的最高时速约为100公里。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。表格第二行关于蓝鲸的介绍中明确提到：“Its heart is as heavy as a small car...”，说明蓝鲸的心脏与一辆小汽车一样重。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。表格第四行关于蜜蜂的介绍中明确提到：“Together they fly a very long distance to collect enough sweet nectar (花蜜).”，说明蜜蜂造访数以百万计的花朵是为了采集足够的花蜜。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。表格第一行指出猎豹的奔跑时速约为100公里“It can run at about 100 kilometres per hour.”，最后一行指出游隼俯冲捕食时的时速可超300公里“it can reach a speed of more than 300 kilometres per hour.”，二者数据对比可知游隼的飞行速度超过了猎豹的奔跑速度。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。文章首句开门见山指出“Numbers can tell us many interesting things about animals.”，末尾总结强调“sometimes a number can tell that story better than many words.”，全文主体部分通过列举具体数据展现了各种动物的奇妙之处。 B Today we use the numbers like 1,2,3,4 and 5 every day. However, people in ancient Rome used a different way to write numbers. They are called Roman numerals. Roman numerals use only seven letters: I, V, X, L, C, D and M. Each letter stands for a number. I means 1, V means 5, X means 10, L means 50, C means 100, D means 500, and M means 1,000. Making numbers is not difficult. II means 2, and III means 3 because the letters are added together. VI means 6 because it is 5+1. However, when a smaller letter comes before a bigger one, you subtract it. For example, IV means 4 because it is 5-1, and IX means 9 because it is 10-1. Roman numerals are not often used for counting today, but we can still see them in many places. Some clocks use I to XII instead of 1 to 12. Some books use Roman numerals for the first pages. They are also used to name kings and queens, such as King Charles III and Queen Elizabeth II. You may even see them in the names of sports events, such as the 33rd Olympic Games, which used the Roman numerals XXXIII. Roman numerals are more than 2,000 years old. They remind us that numbers have a long history. Although we now use a different number system, Roman numerals are still an interesting part of our lives. 16. How does the writer explain the meanings of Roman numerals? A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions. C. By telling a story. D. By comparing countries. 17. Which Roman numeral means 9? A. VI. B. IV. C. XI. D. IX. 18. Where can we still see Roman numerals today? A. On most road signs and maps. B. On clocks and the first pages of some books. C. On every page of most books. D. On all mobile phones and computers. 19. Why does the writer mention King Charles Ⅲ and Queen Elizabeth II? A. To show that Roman numerals are still used today. B. To tell readers more about British history. C. To explain why kings like Roman numerals. D. To compare Roman numerals with modern numbers. 20. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A new way to count B. The history of ancient Rome C. Roman numerals: old but useful D. Different number systems around the world 【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了罗马数字的基本构成规则、计算方法以及在当今生活中的广泛应用，展现了古老数字系统的文化价值。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。第三段通过“II means 2…For example, IV means 4…and IX means 9…”等具体示例解释罗马数字的含义与规则，说明作者是通过举例子的方式进行阐述的。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。第三段末句明确提到：“…and IX means 9 because it is 10-1.”，说明罗马数字IX表示数字9。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。第四段第二、三句明确提到：“Some clocks use I to XII instead of 1 to 12. Some books use Roman numerals for the first pages.”，说明今天我们仍可以在钟表和部分书籍的前几页看到罗马数字。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。第四段首句提出观点“…we can still see them in many places.”，后文紧接着列举了钟表、书籍前页、君王命名“King Charles III and Queen Elizabeth II”等实例，说明作者提及这两位君王是为了证明罗马数字在今天依然被使用。 【20题详解】 最佳标题题。全文主要介绍了拥有两千多年历史的罗马数字的构成与计算规则，并重点阐述了它在钟表、书页、王室命名及体育赛事等现代生活中的实际应用，因此C项“Roman numerals: old but useful”最适合作本文标题。 C The dodo was a large bird that lived on Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean. It was a type of bird, but it could not fly. The dodo had strong legs and a large beak (鸟喙). It was about one metre tall. Today, many people know about this unusual bird, but it died out more than 300 years ago. Before people arrived on the island, the dodo lived a quiet life. It had very few enemies, so it was not afraid of people. When sailors (水手) first visited Mauritius, they found the birds easy to catch. They also brought animals such as dogs, pigs and rats to the island. These animals ate the dodos’ eggs. Soon, fewer and fewer young dodos were born. The original forests on the island became smaller because people cut down many trees. The dodos lost their homes as well as their food. In the end, the bird completely disappeared. Scientists believe the last dodo probably died in the late 1600s. Today, we cannot see a real dodo. There is not a single photo because cameras had not been invented at that time. However, old pictures, travellers’ notebooks, and bones help scientists learn more about the bird. They believe the dodo is related to pigeons, although it looked very different. The story of the dodo teaches us an important lesson. Perhaps people did not understand how important every animal was. Now we know that every living thing plays an important role in nature. If we do not protect animals and their homes, more species may die out in the future. Learning about the dodo reminds us that once an animal disappears, it cannot come back again. 21. Why were the first sailors able to catch dodos easily? A. Because the dodos could fly only short distances. B. Because the dodos were not afraid of people. C. Because the dodos liked staying near the sea. D. Because the dodos wanted food from the sailors. 22. What was one reason why fewer young dodos were born? A. Other birds took their homes. B. The weather became much colder. C. Animals brought by people ate their eggs. D. The dodos stopped laying eggs (下蛋). 23. Why does the writer mention that there is not a single photo of the dodo? A. To tell readers that scientists learn about the dodo from other records. B. To encourage people to take more photos of wild animals. C. To explain why scientists know little about the dodo. D. To show that cameras were not popular at that time. 24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Many natural enemies lived on Mauritius before people arrived. B. The dodo disappeared before people reached Mauritius. C. Cutting down trees made the dodos lose their homes. D. The dodo was a small bird with weak legs. 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Animals need safe places to live. B. Every animal is important in nature. C. Scientists know everything about animals. D. People can always save endangered animals. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了渡渡鸟的外形特征与原先生存状态，分析了渡渡鸟灭绝的多重原因，说明如今科学家通过古画、旅行笔记、骨骼等资料研究渡渡鸟，并借渡渡鸟的故事传达了保护动物、重视每个生物自然价值的启示。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“It had very few enemies, so it was not afraid of people. When sailors (水手) first visited Mauritius, they found the birds easy to catch.”可知，渡渡鸟几乎没有天敌、不怕人类，是水手能轻易抓住它们的原因。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“They also brought animals such as dogs, pigs and rats to the island. These animals ate the dodos’ eggs. Soon, fewer and fewer young dodos were born.”可知，人类带来的动物吃掉渡渡鸟的蛋，是幼渡渡鸟数量减少的原因。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第4段“There is not a single photo because cameras had not been invented at that time. However, old pictures, travellers’ notebooks, and bones help scientists learn more about the bird.”可知，作者提到没有渡渡鸟的照片，是为了告诉读者科学家依靠其他记录来研究渡渡鸟。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第3段“The original forests on the island became smaller because people cut down many trees. The dodos lost their homes as well as their food.”可知，砍伐树木使得渡渡鸟失去了家园。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第5段“Now we know that every living thing plays an important role in nature.”可知，文章通过渡渡鸟的故事告诉我们，每一种动物在自然界中都很重要。 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分） 以下是一则短文，请阅读全文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Bencao Gangmu is one of the greatest encyclopaedias of traditional Chinese medicine. Its English name is Compendium of Materia Medica. ____26____ He came from a family of doctors and loved studying medicine from a young age. ____27____ Some information was not correct, and some useful plants were missing. He wanted to make a better book, so he travelled to many places. He talked with farmers, fishermen, travellers and other doctors. He also collected plants and carefully studied them himself. He worked on the book for nearly 30 years and checked it many times before finishing it in 1578. ____28____ Bencao Gangmu describes 1,892 kinds of medicines. Most of them come from plants, but the book also includes medicines from animals and minerals (矿物质) . It includes over 11,000 recipes (配方) for treating different illnesses. The medicines are grouped into different classes, making them easier to study and use. ____29____ Today, Bencao Gangmu is famous not only in China but also in many other countries. ____30____ It also includes knowledge about plants, animals, minerals and nature. Thanks to Li Shizhen’s careful work, this great encyclopaedia has become an important part of Chinese culture and the history of science. A. Sadly, he died before the book was finally published (出版). B. People study it because it is more than a medical book. C. Li Shizhen found that many old medical books had mistakes. D. Many people thanked Li Shizhen for helping them get better. E. It was written by Li Shizhen, a great doctor in the Ming dynasty. F. The book also includes many pictures to help people recognize the plants and other materials. 【答案】26. E 27. C 28. A 29. F 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了《本草纲目》的作者、编写过程、主要内容及其重要价值。 【26题详解】 文中提到“Bencao Gangmu is one of the greatest encyclopaedias of traditional Chinese medicine.”，说明《本草纲目》是一部伟大的中医药百科全书。E选项“It was written by Li Shizhen, a great doctor in the Ming dynasty.”介绍了这本书的作者及其身份，与后文“He came from a family of doctors”相衔接，符合语境。 【27题详解】 后文提到“Some information was not correct, and some useful plants were missing.”，说明当时的一些医学书籍存在信息错误和内容遗漏。C选项“Li Shizhen found that many old medical books had mistakes.”概括了这些问题，引出下文李时珍编写新书的原因，符合语境。 【28题详解】 前文提到“He worked on the book for nearly 30 years and checked it many times before finishing it in 1578.”，说明李时珍花费近30年完成了这本书。A选项“Sadly, he died before the book was finally published.”补充说明李时珍未能等到书籍正式出版，符合语境。 【29题详解】 前文介绍了《本草纲目》收录的药物种类、配方以及分类方法。F选项“The book also includes many pictures to help people recognize the plants and other materials.”进一步补充说明书中还配有大量图片，方便人们辨认药材，符合语境。 【30题详解】 前文提到“Bencao Gangmu is famous not only in China but also in many other countries.”，说明这本书在国内外都很有名。B选项“People study it because it is more than a medical book.”进一步说明人们研究它的原因，后文介绍其包含植物、动物、矿物和自然知识，与选项内容相呼应，符合语境。 第三节 信息匹配(共5小题，每小题1.5分) 下面的材料A~F分别介绍了六种不同的百科全书。请根据Kate, David, Bob, Susan, Mike五个人的情况，为他们选择合适的百科全书，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 ____31____ Kate loves drawing. She wants to learn about famous painters and their works. ____32____ David is interested in very large numbers and wants to know how people wrote numbers hundreds of years ago. ____33____ Bob enjoys learning about animals. He wants to know why some animals disappeared forever. ____34____ Susan wants to become a scientist. She hopes to learn how to keep good records during her experiments. ____35____ Mike is interested in giant animals that lived millions of years ago. He would like to know why they no longer live on Earth. A. Dinosaurs around the world This encyclopedia tells readers about different types of dinosaurs. It explains where they lived, what they ate, and why they died out. There are also colourful pictures and maps. It is a good book for students who enjoy prehistoric animals. B. Great artists through history Would you like to learn about famous artists? This encyclopedia introduces their birth and death, their most famous pieces of art, and the stories behind their works. It also shows how art has changed over time. C. Amazing numbers This encyclopedia is full of interesting facts about numbers. It explains Roman numbers, large numbers, percentages and symbols in simple ways. Readers can also find fun number games and quizzes. D. Animals in danger Many animals are becoming fewer every year. This encyclopedia explains why some animals are in danger and how people can protect them. It also introduces animals that have already died out, such as the dodo. E. How things move This encyclopedia introduces different types of vehicles, from bicycles to high-speed trains and planes. It explains how they work and how they have changed people’s lives. F. Young scientists’ notebook This encyclopedia teaches students to observe, record and organize information like young scientists. It also shows how to keep a notebook and carry out simple science projects. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. F 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了六种不同的百科全书以及五位学生的兴趣需求，要求为学生匹配合适的百科全书。 【31题详解】 根据“Kate loves drawing. She wants to learn about famous painters and their works.”提到Kate喜欢画画，她想了解著名画家以及他们的作品可知，此处要选择介绍艺术家的段落。选项B“Great artists through history. Would you like to learn about famous artists?…It also shows how art has changed over time.”介绍了历史上著名艺术家及其作品，和题干信息对应。 【32题详解】 根据“David is interested in very large numbers and wants to know how people wrote numbers hundreds of years ago.”提到David对大数感兴趣，他想了解数的相关知识可知，此处要选择介绍数字的段落。选项C“Amazing numbers. This encyclopedia is full of interesting facts about numbers.…Readers can also find fun number games and quizzes.”介绍了数字相关知识，和题干信息对应。 【33题详解】 根据“Bob enjoys learning about animals. He wants to know why some animals disappeared forever.”提到Bob喜欢动物，想知道一些动物永久消失的原因可知，此处要选择介绍已经灭绝动物的段落。选项D“Animals in danger. Many animals are becoming fewer every year. This encyclopedia explains why some animals are in danger…It also introduces animals that have already died out, such as the dodo.”介绍濒危以及已经灭绝的动物，和题干信息对应。 【34题详解】 根据“Susan wants to become a scientist. She hopes to learn how to keep good records during her experiments.”提到Susan想要成为科学家，希望学习实验中做好记录的方法可知，此处要选择适合年轻科学家的笔记相关段落。选项F“Young scientists’ notebook. This encyclopedia teaches students to observe, record and organize information like young scientists. It also shows how to keep a notebook and carry out simple science projects.”教学生观察、记录信息，和题干信息对应。 【35题详解】 根据“Mike is interested in giant animals that lived millions of years ago. He would like to know why they no longer live on Earth.”提到Mike对数百万年前的巨型动物感兴趣，想知道它们消失的原因可知，此处要选择介绍恐龙的段落。选项A“Dinosaurs around the world. This encyclopedia tells readers about different types of dinosaurs. It explains where they lived, what they ate, and why they died out.…It is a good book for students who enjoy prehistoric animals.”介绍恐龙以及灭绝原因，和题干信息对应。 Ⅲ. 语法填空 (10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lai Ka-ying is a Chinese astronaut from Hong Kong. She is the first female Chinese civilian (平民) to travel into space and the first astronaut from Hong Kong. She joined China’s ____36____ (four) group of astronauts after passing many difficult tests and training programmes. Lai was born in Hong Kong in November 1982 and grew ____37____ in Tsuen Wan. She ____38____ (study) computer science and information systems at The University of Hong Kong. After ____39____ (finish) her studies, she worked for the Hong Kong Police Force. Her job included computer forensics and cyber security (电子取证及网络安全). She wanted to use her knowledge ____40____ (help) the public. In 2022, Lai applied to become a payload specialist (载荷专家) when China started choosing a new group of astronauts. She trained hard in Beijing ____41____ two years. During ____42____ training, she improved her Mandarin, learned to use a spacesuit, and completed many challenging exercises. Lai says she is proud to serve ____43____ (she) country and hopes to finish every task ____44____ (success). She also wants to look at China from space and take ____45____ (photo) of the Earth. Her story encourages young people to work hard, never give up, and follow their dreams. 【答案】36. fourth 37. up 38. studied 39. finishing 40. to help 41. for 42. the 43. her 44. successfully 45. photos 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了来自香港的中国宇航员黎家盈的成长经历、训练过程以及她成为首位女性平民宇航员的故事。 【36题详解】 句意：在通过许多困难的测试和训练项目后，她加入了中国第四批宇航员队伍。根据句意，此处表示“第四批”，应用序数词。four的序数词是fourth。 【37题详解】 句意：黎家盈于1982年11月出生在香港，在荃湾长大。根据固定搭配“grow up”（长大）可知，此处应用副词up。 【38题详解】 句意：她在香港大学学习计算机科学和信息系统。根据上下文可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。study的过去式是studied。 【39题详解】 句意：完成学业后，她在香港警队工作。根据介词“After”可知，其后需接动名词形式作宾语。finish的动名词是finishing。 【40题详解】 句意：她想用她的知识来帮助公众。根据句意，目的是“为了帮助公众”，应用动词不定式to help作目的状语。 【41题详解】 句意：她在北京刻苦训练了两年。根据“two years”可知，此处表示时间长度，应用介词for。 【42题详解】 句意：在训练期间，她提高了普通话水平，学会了使用太空服，并完成了许多艰巨的训练。根据“training”可知，此处特指前文提到的训练，应用定冠词the。 【43题详解】 句意：黎说，她为能为她的国家服务而感到自豪，并希望成功地完成每一项任务。根据名词“country”可知，此处需填形容词性物主代词作定语，表示“她的”。she的形容词性物主代词是her。 【44题详解】 句意：黎说，她为能为她的国家服务而感到自豪，并希望成功地完成每一项任务。根据句子结构，此处需修饰动词“finish”，应用副词形式。success的副词是successfully。 【45题详解】 句意：她还想从太空俯瞰中国，并拍摄地球的照片。根据“take photos”（拍照）固定搭配和句意可知，此处需填名词的复数形式。photo的复数是photos。 Ⅳ. 书面表达 (15分） 46. 最近二十几年中，深圳地铁取得了巨大的发展，请你以“The development of Shenzhen Metro”为题，根据以下参考数据，写一篇英语作文介绍深圳地铁的发展变化，并谈谈地铁发展给深圳和人们生活带来的影响。 参考数据： 2004年：12月28日，深圳地铁1号线、4号线开通，共有2条线路，深圳正式进入地铁时代。 2010年：2号线、3号线开通，线路总数达到4条。 2011年：5号线开通，线路总数达到5条。 2016年：7号线、9号线、11号线开通，线路总数达到8条。 2026年：深圳地铁共有17条线路，轨道全长641.97公里，共有432座车站。 要点：1. 深圳地铁的发展历程： 2. 至少引用两组参考数据说明深圳地铁的变化； 3. 谈谈你对深圳地铁发展的感受或看法。 要求：1. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 2. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名： 4. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：时代 (era）；地铁线路 (metro line）；轨道 (track) The development of Shenzhen Metro Shenzhen Metro has changed a lot in the past twenty years. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： The development of Shenzhen Metro Shenzhen Metro has changed a lot in the past twenty years. In 2004, Line 1 and Line 4 opened, and Shenzhen entered the metro era with two metro lines. In 2016, the number of metro lines increased to eight. By 2026, Shenzhen Metro has 17 lines, 641.97 kilometres of tracks and 432 stations. The rapid development of Shenzhen Metro has brought great changes to people’s lives. It makes travelling faster and easier. More and more people choose to take the metro because it is convenient and green. I feel proud of the development of my city. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：本文要求介绍深圳地铁的发展历程及其带来的影响，属于事物介绍类说明文。介绍过去的发展历程使用一般过去时；介绍2026年的现状及地铁带来的影响使用一般现在时。 明确要点：介绍深圳地铁的发展历程。至少引用两组参考数据，说明深圳地铁的发展变化。介绍深圳地铁发展给人们生活带来的影响，并表达自己的感受或看法。 确定人称：介绍深圳地铁时使用第三人称，表达个人感受时使用第一人称。 注意事项：词数要求为80词左右，题目已给出的开头不计入总词数；按照时间顺序介绍地铁的发展变化，注意数据表达和句子之间的衔接。 [第二步：构思布局] 开头：使用题目给出的开头句，引出深圳地铁的发展变化。 主体部分：发展历程：介绍2004年地铁开通以及2016年线路数量的变化。发展现状：引用2026年的数据，说明深圳地铁目前的线路数量、轨道总长度和车站数量。发展影响：介绍地铁给人们出行带来的便利，以及绿色出行方面的积极作用。 结尾：表达自己为深圳地铁发展感到自豪的心情。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：介绍深圳地铁的发展历程 发展变化：Shenzhen Metro has changed a lot in the past twenty years / Shenzhen Metro has developed quickly over the past twenty years / Shenzhen Metro has made great progress in recent years等 2004年开通：In 2004, Line 1 and Line 4 opened / Shenzhen entered the metro era with two metro lines / The first two metro lines began running in 2004等 2016年发展：In 2016, the number of metro lines increased to eight / Three more lines opened in 2016 / Shenzhen had eight metro lines in 2016等 要点二：介绍深圳地铁的发展现状 线路数量：By 2026, Shenzhen Metro has 17 lines / Shenzhen Metro has a total of 17 lines / There are 17 metro lines in Shenzhen等 轨道长度：641.97 kilometres of tracks / Its tracks are 641.97 kilometres long / The total length of its tracks is 641.97 kilometres等 车站数量：432 stations / It has 432 stations in total / The total number of stations is 432等 要点三：介绍深圳地铁发展带来的影响 生活变化：The rapid development of Shenzhen Metro has brought great changes to people’s lives / Shenzhen Metro has made a big difference to people’s daily lives / It has changed the way people travel等 出行便利：It makes travelling faster and easier / It makes it easier for people to travel / People can get around the city more easily等 绿色出行：More and more people choose to take the metro / The metro is convenient and green / Taking the metro is a good way to protect the environment等 要点四：表达自己的感受和看法 自豪之情：I feel proud of the development of my city / I am proud of Shenzhen’s development / I feel happy to see these great changes等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $