上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高三年级英语学科5月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科5月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Adventure Abroad Four students from National University have recently returned from Africa, 1          they participated in development projects with local residents in rural areas. For 10 weeks, these young people worked in Zimbabwe and Botswana as members of a program called Raleigh International. Raleigh International, which 2          (found) in 1984, gives young people a chance to do volunteer work while experiencing other countries and their cultures. The program, named 3          the explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, encourages young people to help others and work in difficult settings. More than 30,000 students from a variety of cultures and backgrounds have volunteered in 4          total of 40 countries. Marisa Silvestri, 20, a business major, traveled to Zimbabwe to work with a group in the Mavuradonha Wilderness Area. Their first project was helping farmers build electric fences to protect their crops from 5          (destroy) by elephants. When elephants entered the village one night, the students joined with farmers 6          (drive) them away and preserve the fields. Silvestri's group also constructed small cottages for tourists to stay in, 7          (build) in the local style. Saeed Mohammed, also 20 and an engineering major, joined another group in Zimbabwe. His group carried out a survey of health problems in several villages and taught children about good health habits. 8          impressed Saeed was that the kids were so curious about the Raleigh International students that after the health lessons, they asked them questions about "everything else under the sun". Saeed's group also worked to build foot trails (小径) through the forest. While they were out working in the bush, a fire 9          (break) out, destroying eight kilometers of forest. The students fought to bring the fire under control, sleeping only 45 minutes during the two days. In Botswana, two 19-year-old students, Lakeishia Young and David Min, helped to build a clinic and a meeting hall in a small village. 10          they didn't face angry elephants, they said the building work was much harder than they expected. "It was a great learning experience," Young said. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accomplished B. count C. encounter D. engage E. focus F. interactions G. reactions H. recommended I. represented J. self-serving K. takeaways Feel Happier Today When I learned that the most popular course in the history of Yale University--a psychology class designed to teach students how to become happier--was available online to anyone who wanted to take it, I was curious to see what Yale professor Laurie Santos 11         . Santos's online course consists of 19 hours of video lectures and I spent three months digesting what she had to offer. Here are two of my favorite 12         . Increase social connections. Reconnecting with a friend can boost happiness, but so can a meaningful 13          with a stranger. "One of the most complex things we can 14          with is another person's mind," says Juliana Schroeder, an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and one of the researchers cited in the course. I love chatting with waiters, and I have been doing it even more since we learned about the benefits of such 15         . Tim Bono, who teaches his own course on happiness at Washington University in St Louis, offers this warning: Online friends don't 16         . In fact, many studies have found that the more you use social media, the less happy you are. Bono argues this is because social media showcases things others have that we don't, making us want more and appreciate less. Santos supports this idea in her course. She warns of ways our minds trick us into feeling less happy, such as by comparing ourselves with others who seem richer or more 17         . Perform acts of kindness. Volunteering to help someone or buying a coffee for the person behind you in line can make you happier than doing things like getting a massage. "You just feel good about yourself as a person," says Sonja Lyubomirsky of the University of California, Riverside, another of Santos's sources. I held doors open for people and helped colleagues solve computer problems. The 18          I got made me feel better about myself, and they didn't cost me anything, unlike a massage. Kindness brings other happiness benefits, too, says Raj Raghunathan, author of If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Happy? Helping others takes the 19          away from our own worries and problems, which can boost happiness. And because it doesn't result in the guilt that more 20          behaviors can, being generous won't increase levels of the stress hormone (荷尔蒙) cortisol. Perhaps surprisingly, kindness improves overall physical health. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We've all experienced that terrible feeling of being distracted from the task at hand. But don't be too hard on your butterfly mind: our brains have evolved, 21         , to be distractible. We prize an ability to concentrate, but we need our attention to be 22         . If we focused too tightly we'd miss the creaking (嘎吱嘎吱的) floorboard that signifies an invader, or the smoke that announces fire. Attention has proven to be much more complicated, and weirder, than it seems. If you look closely at something-a photo of a landscape, say-you probably feel that you are noticing everything when, in fact, you're 23          just a few bits at a time. This is because the more you concentrate, the 24          your view becomes. Inattentional blindness, as this is known, has been shown in dozens of demonstrations. The most famous is a video of a group of people passing a basketball to each other. As the 25          continue, a person in a monkey suit walks into the middle of the group and beats his chest before slowly walking off. If you show the video to people who've never seen it before and instruct them to watch the ball closely, nearly all of them 26          to see the gorilla because it falls outside the range of their attention. 27         , attention is marked by neural (神经的) activity in the brain areas concerned with the object of attention. If you're listening to music, 28         , neurons will be activated in your auditory cortex (near the ears). If you're studying a picture, there will be activity in your visual brain (at the back of the head). Areas in the parietal brain lobes (upper rear of the brain) direct attention in three-dimensional space. The more you're 29          something, the more intense and persistent the activity. The back of the parietal lobe is particularly important for attention because it 30          your focus, like a hand guiding a torch. Damage to this area can make a person effectively 31          to whole chunks of the world--everything in the left half of their visual field, for example. Although they can see what's there, they don't because it doesn't attract their attention. They only 32          it when someone else forces them to attend to it. But attention-related blindness is something that we all 33          to a lesser degree, and it can reach into every area of our lives. People may be unaware that they live in a dirty house, that someone loves or hates them, or that they always wear odd socks. Such 34          may be good, but it can lead to disaster. Focusing on the task at hand is an important skill to learn, but sometimes it can be just as important to 35          our field of attention. 21. A. for good reason B. on a regular basis C. on a large scale D. for no purpose 22. A. personal B. flexible C. critical D. persistent 23. A. taking in B. seeing off C. looking up D. putting on 24. A. clearer B. more complex C. narrower D. more difficult 25. A. passes B. videos C. fights D. bits 26. A. expect B. hate C. begin D. fail 27. A. Culturally B. Spiritually C. Physically D. Historically 28. A. in addition B. as a result C. on the contrary D. for instance 29. A. believing in B. taking to C. hinting at D. focusing on 30. A. demands B. provides C. directs D. reflects 31. A. accessible B. opposed C. helpful D. blind 32. A. see B. recall C. hear D. forget 33. A. introduce B. experience C. evaluate D. integrate 34. A. intelligence B. ignorance C. interaction D. impression 35. A. survey B. maintain C. broaden D. restrict Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） "Choose your friends wisely" may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year. "It's no fun to study by yourself," said Nirav Mehta, one of the study's authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. "If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you're going to go to the library, too. And while you're there, you're probably going to get the same studying done too." Of course, it's possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A's no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages. Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don't study a lot, you're likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades. Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades. From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student's college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student's friends had spent studying on average, the student's own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student's own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. 36. The phrase "goof off" (paragraph 3) most probably means ________. A. post higher grades B. choose your friends C. find out why you study D. be lazy about studying 37. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates? A. To rule out a possibility. B. To figure out more study habits. C. To expand the scale of the study. D. To get more students to work hard. 38. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College? A. How many studious friends they have. B. How they comment on their friends' grades. C. How much time they spent studying each day. D. How they thought of their own college grades. 39. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students? A. If you want to do well in study, you'd better pick a hardworking friend. B. If you want to get on well with your roommates, you'd better work hard. C. If you want to raise your GPA, you'd better keep track of your study time. D. If you want to have a happy freshman year, you'd better care less about peer effects. （B） Hibernation is a complex solution to a simple problem. In winter, food is scarce. To survive this seasonal starvation, animals, such as the arctic ground squirrel and black bear, hibernate so that physiological shifts keep them alive despite the lack of food, water and movement. Researchers and doctors alike are interested in how these hibernation tricks could help humans with their own health. THREAT: Stroke INSIGHT: Blood flow in the brain of a hibernating arctic ground squirrel drops to a tenth of normal. Typically such oxygen shortage would cause a stroke. But these squirrels can survive all winter because their metabolism (新陈代谢) lowers to 2 percent of its summer rate--requiring much less oxygen to maintain. If doctors could similarly lower the metabolism of a human patient immediately after a stroke--perhaps by cooling the body--they might prevent permanent brain damage, says Brian Barnes, a biologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. THREAT: Diabetes INSIGHT: People who gain a lot of weight often stop responding to insulin (胰岛素), which regulates the amount of glucose (葡萄糖) that cells take up from the blood. Yet grizzly bears gain 100 pounds or more each autumn and somehow avoid diabetes. A recent study found that the grizzlies' fat cells become more sensitive to insulin as they prepare for the winter, allowing the bears to keep processing and storing sugar. Scientists at biotechnology company Amgen are now testing whether making slight changes to the same protein that controls sensitivity in diabetic humans could have similar results. THREAT: Osteoporosis INSIGHT: If a human were to lie still for long periods without food, his or her bones would slowly degrade. A black bear, however, emerges from its cave after winter just as strong as ever because its bone is recycled at 25 percent of normal levels during hibernation. Researchers at Colorado State University are now trying to identify the hormones (激素) that control this extreme limit on bone turnover. They aim to create a drug for people at risk for osteoporosis that similarly protects bone density. THREAT: Heart Disease INSIGHT: During heart surgery, a patient becomes short of oxygen when the heart stops beating. To cope, the body switches from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Unfortunately, the change creates lactic acid, which can kill cells if it builds up. Damage of this kind does not occur in hibernating arctic ground squirrels, likely because they break down more fats than sugars even after the heart has slowed to just one beat per minute. Researchers at Duke University and the University of Alaska Fairbanks are now working to identify how this species prioritizes fat as fuel in low-oxygen conditions. Finding a way to get heart surgery patients to do the same may reduce injury to organs during procedures. 40. What is the passage mainly about? A. What humans can learn from animals that sleep for months on end. B. What health threats humans are facing while they are under treatment. C. How humans can survive from the same tough conditions as animals do. D. How health threats can be avoided if humans are with certain animals. 41. How grizzly bears process sugar in the autumn may give insights into how to deal with A. stroke B. diabetes C. osteoporosis D. heart disease 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Metabolism usually consumes a small amount of oxygen. B. Fat cells are more sensitive to insulin than other cells. C. Lying still for a long time will affect bone density. D. Doctors are seeking ways to keep patients' hearts beating in surgery. （C） Back in 2015 my colleague Adam Frank of the University of Rochester and I were having lunch near Columbia University's campus in New York City. As at Fermi's lunch 65 years earlier, the conversation was about the nature of spacefaring species. And inspired by Fermi's mental calculation, we were trying to craft an investigative strategy that made the fewest possible unsubstantiated assumptions and that could be somehow tested or constrained with real data. At the center of this exercise was the simple thought that waves of exploration or settlement could come and go across the galaxy, with humans happening to come into being in one of the lonely periods. This idea relates to Hart's original fact: that there is no evidence here on Earth today of extraterrestrial (外星的) explorers. But it goes further by asking whether we can obtain meaningful limits on galactic (星系的) life by constraining the exact length of time over which Earth might have gone unvisited. Perhaps long, long ago extraterrestrial explorers came and went. A number of scientists have, over the years, discussed the possibility of looking for artifacts that might have been left behind after such visitations of our solar system. The necessary scope of a complete search is hard to predict, but the situation on Earth alone turns out to be a bit more manageable. In 2018 another of my colleagues, Gavin Schmidt of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, together with Adam Frank, produced a critical assessment of whether we could even tell if there had been an earlier industrial civilization on our planet. As fantastic as it may seem, Schmidt and Frank argue--as do most planetary scientists--that it is actually very easy for time to erase essentially all signs of technological life on Earth. The only real evidence after a million or more years would boil down to isotopic or chemical stratigraphic anomalies--odd features such as synthetic molecules, plastics or radioactive fallout. Fossil remains and other paleontological markers are so rare that they might not tell us anything in this case. Indeed, modern human urbanization covers only on the order of about 1 percent of the planetary surface, providing a very small target area for any paleontologists (古生物学家) in the distant future. Schmidt and Frank also conclude that nobody has yet performed the necessary experiments to look exhaustively for such non-natural signatures on Earth. The bottom line is, if an industrial civilization on the scale of our own had existed a few million years ago, we might not know about it. That absolutely does not mean one existed; it indicates only that the possibility cannot be completely eliminated. 43. The word "unsubstantiated" (in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to A. unconscious B. unknown C. unnatural D. unsupported 44. What assumption was the author and his colleague's investigative strategy built on? A. No other species have ever settled on Earth except human beings. B. Extraterrestrial explorers come and go at increasingly short intervals. C. No spacefaring species have visited the Earth since humans emerged. D. Extraterrestrial explorers once built an industrial civilization on Earth. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that if we want to prove if there used to be an industrial civilization on Earth, we should A. turn to isotopic or chemical stratigraphic anomalies B. find as many signs of technological life as possible C. unearth more fossil remains than we do now D. leave behind synthetic things like plastics 46. According to the passage, what are Schmidt and Frank most likely to agree with? A. Human urbanization should be expanded for the sake of research. B. We cannot say for sure that no civilization existed before ours. C. Non-natural signatures on Earth have been studied exhaustively. D. An industrial civilization came into being a few million years ago. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Hearing our inner voice A. They then applied the decoder to the brain activity that occurred while the participants read the passages silently to themselves. B. The team found that certain neurons in the brain were only active in response to certain aspects of sound, such as a specific frequency. C. So is it possible to put it all together to create one multisensory mind-reading device? D. That's no longer the case--researchers have "heard" our internal monologue for the first time. E. In practice, if the decoder is to be used by people who are unable to speak it would have to be trained on what they hear rather than their own speech. F. Each participant was asked to read the text aloud, read it silently in their head and then do nothing. Talking to yourself used to be a strictly private pastime. 47          "If you're reading text in a newspaper or a book, you hear a voice in your own head," says Brian Pasley at the University of California, Berkeley. "We're trying to decode the brain activity related to that voice to create a medical tool that can allow someone who is paralysed (瘫痪的) or locked in to speak." When you hear someone speak, sound waves activate sensory neurons (神经元) in your inner ear. These neurons pass information to areas of the brain where different aspects of the sound are interpreted as words. In a previous study, Pasley and his colleagues recorded brain activity in people who already had electrodes implanted in their brain to treat epilepsy (癫痫), while they listened to speech. 48          Armed with this knowledge, the team built a program that could decode the words heard based on neural activity alone. The team thought that hearing speech and thinking to oneself might spark some of the same neural signatures in the brain. They supposed that a program intended to identify speech heard out loud might also be able to identify words that are thought. To test the idea, they recorded brain activity in another seven people undergoing epilepsy surgery, while they looked at a screen that displayed text from either the Gettysburg Address or the children's song Humpty Dumpty. 49          While they read the text out loud, the team worked out which neurons were reacting to what aspects of speech and generated (生成) a personalised decoder to interpret this information. The decoder was used to create a spectrogram--a visual representation of the different frequencies of sound waves heard over time. As each frequency relates to specific sounds in each word spoken, the spectrogram can be used to recreate what had been said. 50          Despite the neural activity from imagined or actual speech differing slightly, the decoder was able to reconstruct which words several of the volunteers were thinking, using neural activity alone. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Really Determined Person Will Always Succeed Many job seekers feel limited by the choices they made at college or university. They may think that because they studied marketing, all they can ever do is work in marketing. All the evidence shows that, in fact, employers are less interested in acquired knowledge than the ability to think and learn. It is also very difficult to predict the needs of society. For example, if a person chose to study dentistry because there was a lack of dentists when they were in high school, that may not be the case when they graduate. The needs of employers and the economy can change very quickly, and often unexpectedly. Of course, if it is a very tough time economically, it is hard to find employment straight after university, but it is by no means impossible. It might take several months longer to find a job after graduating, but there is work out there. My chosen career has always been competitive, but I never thought about the other people going for the same jobs. It may be human nature to compare your progress to your peers, but perhaps the best advice would be to try not to. Be focused on what you want and how you are going to get it. After all, it may appear that a friend who has a really well-paid job is doing well, but how do you know what their job is actually like? A really key piece of advice is never get downhearted by rejection, because there will probably be a lot. You can achieve your dream job, whatever it is. You must never give up. Be prepared to work hard and for long hours without necessarily climbing up the career ladder. There is a lot to be said for learning your 'trade' from the bottom up. At the start, there will probably be little money, but it will be worth it in the end. The best jobs are not supposed to be easy--that is what makes them challenging. And if you like a challenge, just keep your head down and go for it. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 那时候，找工作不太顺利，但他还是每天都去图书馆看书。(difficulty) 53. 创新让老字号更年轻，更贴合年轻人的需求。(suitable) 54. 人们的理想追求差异很大，兴趣、快乐之类的体验也同样如此。(so) 55. 科学家们说，这将是未来若干年最 "凉爽" 的一个夏天，真希望他们的预言是错的。 (which) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友 Carol 的邮件。在邮件中，她提到自己对于高中毕业后是继续留在英国深造还是来中国留学犹豫不决，想听听你的意见。你将回复一封邮件，内容须包括: 1) 你对 Carol 的建议； 2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科5月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. where 2. was founded 3. after 4. a 5. being destroyed 6. to drive 7. built 8. What 9. broke 10. Though/Although/While Section B 11. H 12. K 13. C 14. D 15. F 16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. J II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C Section B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. B Section C 47. D 48. B 49. F 50. A III. Summary Writing 51. While looking for a job, don’t feel limited by what you learn at college because employers care more about your ability to learn than what you have learned and social trends are hard to predict. Though it may be hard to find a job, don’t lose heart. Don’t compare yourself with others and keep going despite any rejections. IV. Translation 52. At that time, he had difficulty finding a job, but he still went to the library to read every day. 53. Innovation makes time-honored brands younger and more suitable for young people's needs. 54. People's ideals and pursuits vary greatly, and so does their experience of interest and happiness. 55. Scientists say that this year will be the coolest summer in the next few years, a prediction which I do hope won't come true. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Carol, I am thrilled to hear about your plan to further your studies, and I completely understand the dilemma you are currently facing. Choosing between staying in the UK and studying in China is indeed a significant decision. From my perspective, I highly recommend that you choose to study in China. This choice will not only broaden your horizons but also provide you with an unparalleled opportunity to immerse yourself in a vibrant and distinct culture. Furthermore, acquiring a degree in China will significantly enhance your competitive edge in the global job market. With the accelerating pace of globalization, proficiency in Chinese and a deep understanding of its market are highly sought after by multinational corporations. Therefore, if you are seeking a transformative experience and long-term career benefits, China is undoubtedly your best choice. I sincerely hope my advice helps you make the right decision. Yours, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $