2027年春季高考英语冲刺模拟卷01（上海专用）

2027年春季高考模拟卷01 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Adventure Abroad Four students from National University have recently returned from Africa, 1 they participated in development projects with local residents in rural areas. For 10 weeks, these young people worked in Zimbabwe and Botswana as members of a program called Raleigh International. Raleigh International, which 2 (found) in 1984, gives young people a chance to do volunteer work while experiencing other countries and their cultures. The program, named 3 the explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, encourages young people to help others and work in difficult settings. More than 30,000 students from a variety of cultures and backgrounds have volunteered in 4 total of 40 countries. Marisa Silvestri, 20, a business major, traveled to Zimbabwe to work with a group in the Mavuradonha Wilderness Area. Their first project was helping farmers build electric fences to protect their crops from 5 (destroy) by elephants. When elephants entered the village one night, the students joined with farmers 6 (drive) them away and preserve the fields. Silvestri’s group also constructed small cottages for tourists to stay in, 7 (build) in the local style. Saeed Mohammed, also 20 and an engineering major, joined another group in Zimbabwe. His group carried out a survey of health problems in several villages and taught children about good health habits. 8 impressed Saeed was that the kids were so curious about the Raleigh International students that after the health lessons, they asked them questions about “everything else under the sun”. Saeed’s group also worked to build foot trails (小径) through the forest. While they were out working in the bush, a fire 9 (break) out, destroying eight kilometers of forest. The students fought to bring the fire under control, sleeping only 45 minutes during the two days. In Botswana, two 19-year-old students, Lakeishia Young and David Min, helped to build a clinic and a meeting hall in a small village. 10 they didn’t face angry elephants, they said the building work was much harder than they expected. “It was a great learning experience,” Young said. 【答案】 1．where 2．was founded 3．after 4．a 5．being destroyed 6．to drive 7．built 8．What 9．broke 10．Though/Although/While 【导语】文章介绍了国立大学四名学生赴非洲参加国际志愿者项目，在津巴布韦和博茨瓦纳参与社区建设、野生动物防护和健康教育等活动的经历。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：国立大学的四名学生最近从非洲归来，他们在那里与农村地区的当地居民一起参与了发展项目。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Africa，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Raleigh International成立于1984年，为年轻人提供在体验其他国家及其文化的同时从事志愿工作的机会。found(创立)是定语从句的谓语动词，与主语(即先行词Raleigh International)之间是被动关系；结合时间状语in 1984可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为专有名词，谓语用单数形式was founded。 3．考查介词。句意：该项目以探险家沃尔特·雷利爵士的名字命名，鼓励年轻人帮助他人并在艰苦环境中工作。named after是固定搭配，意为“以……命名”。 4．考查冠词。句意：来自不同文化和背景的3万多名学生已在总共40个国家从事过志愿服务。a total of为固定搭配，意为“总计，共”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的第一个项目是帮助农民建造电围栏，以保护庄稼不被大象毁坏。destroy(毁坏)作介词from后宾语，用动名词形式，与其逻辑主语their crops之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式being destroyed。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天晚上大象进入村庄时，学生们和农民一起把它们赶走，保护了田地。此处作目的状语，用不定式形式to drive表目的。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：西尔维斯特里的小组还为游客建造了小屋，这些小屋是按当地风格建造的。此处作后置定语，build(建造)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语small cottages之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式表被动。 8．考查主语从句。句意：令赛义德印象深刻的是，孩子们对Raleigh International的学生如此好奇，以至于在健康课之后，他们问了他们关于“天下万物”的问题。此处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导该从句；句首单词首字母大写。 9．考查时态。句意：他们在灌木丛中干活时，一场大火燃起，烧毁了八公里的森林。break out(爆发，突然发生)作主句谓语，与主语a fire之间是主动关系；描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。 10．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他们没有遇到愤怒的大象，但他们说修建工作比预期的要难得多。前后句之间为让步转折关系，应用连词though/although/while引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．briefly       B．duration       C． preferred       D．previously      E. costs F. rule       G. time‑judging       H. debate       I. linked      J. long‑standing      K. insights A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and use this information to find food. This is the first evidence of such an ability in insects, according to Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle 11 among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts 12 underestimated their cognitive abilities. “In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time‑related information, the researchers built a carefully designed maze where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food. In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct visual clues: one circle that flashed 13 for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these respective circles, they found sweet, 14 food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the short flash, which was consistently 15 to the sweet food. To 16 out the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees could still tell the circles apart based simply on flash 17 , not other potential cues like color or shape. “This shows the bees are actually using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food‑seeking choices,” she said. Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli — flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment—to solve tasks flexibly is truly remarkable. “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the 18 of returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can distinguish between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters. While the neural mechanisms behind bees’ 19 ability remain unclear, the team plans to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than individually, and explore why some bees learn to assess time duration faster than others. The findings challenge the long‑held idea that bees are just instinct‑driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and offer new 20 into how animals perceive time. 【答案】 11．H 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．I 16．F 17．B 18．E 19．G 20．K 【导语】本文是介绍一项新研究：大黄蜂能够识别闪光时长并利用该信息寻找食物，该发现挑战了人们以往对昆虫认知能力的看法。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：Versace 告诉美国有线电视新闻网，这一发现可以解决科学家之间关于昆虫是否能够处理复杂模式的争论。settle后接名词作宾语，根据下文“among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns”可知，此处指解决争论，debate意为“争论、辩论”，符合句意。 12．考查副词。句意：因为许多专家此前低估了它们的认知能力。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词underestimated，根据下文“underestimated their cognitive abilities”可知，专家以前低估了蜜蜂的认知能力，副词previously符合，修饰动词underestimated，表示“先前，以前”。 13．考查副词。句意：在迷宫中，研究人员向蜜蜂展示两种不同的视觉线索：一个圆圈短暂闪烁 0.5 秒，另一个闪烁更长的 5 秒。此处应用副词修饰动词flashed，作状语，根据下文“and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds”可知，一个圆圈是短暂闪烁，另一个闪烁更长，briefly表示“短暂地”，符合句意。 14．考查形容词。句意：当蜜蜂靠近对应的圆圈时，它们会在其中一处发现香甜、更喜欢的食物，在另一处发现苦涩、不想要的食物。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词food，根据上文“sweet”可知，蜜蜂选择香甜，更喜欢的食物，形容词preferred，表示“偏好的、优选的”，符合句意。 15．考查动词过去分词。句意：尽管圆圈的位置在迷宫每一段都发生变化，久而久之蜜蜂逐渐学会飞向短闪光，短闪光一直和甜食相关联。此处为谓语动词，根据上文“the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the short flash”可知，短闪光和甜食相关联，固定搭配be linked to意为“与……相关联”，符合句意。 16．考查动词。句意：为排除蜜蜂依靠看见或闻到甜食的可能性，Versace和团队随后在完全没有食物的情况下测试蜜蜂的行为。根据下文“out the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all.”可知，Versace和团队在完全没有食物的情况下测试蜜蜂的行为，是因为要排除蜜蜂靠看见或闻到甜食的可能性，固定搭配rule out意为 “排除（可能性）”，符合句意，不定式后面应用动词原形。 17．考查名词。句意：他们发现蜜蜂仅仅依靠闪光时长就能区分圆圈，而不是依靠颜色、形状等其他潜在线索。此处应用名词作宾语，根据下文“This shows the bees are actually using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food‑seeking choices”可知，蜜蜂利用闪光之间的时间差异，由此可知，蜜蜂依靠闪光时长区分圆圈，flash duration表示“闪光持续时长”，符合句意。 18．考查名词。句意：她说：“这个发现很合理，因为蜜蜂觅食时必须仔细管理时间，实现收益最大化，同时把返回巢穴的代价降到最低。”此处应用名词作宾语，根据上文“maximize rewards”可知，实现收益最大化，同时把返回巢穴的代价降到最低，minimize the costs表示“把代价 / 损耗降到最低”。 19．考查形容词性复合词。句意：尽管蜜蜂这种时间判断能力背后的神经机制尚不明确，该团队计划在未来研究中进一步调查。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词ability，根据上文“The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can distinguish between short and long flashes,”可知，蜜蜂有时间判断能力，time-judging复合形容词，修饰名词ability，意为“判断时间的”。 20．考查名词。句意：此外，它们凸显了蜜蜂复杂的认知能力，并且为动物如何感知时间提供了新见解。此处应用名词作宾语，根据下文“into how animals perceive time”可知，此处表示蜜蜂的这种判断时间的能力为动物如何感知时间提供了新见解，固定搭配offer insights into… 意为“为……提供见解/深刻认识”，符合句意。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Not-so cold blooded The word reptilian (爬虫类的) doesn’t describe just lizards and snakes. When 21 humans, it means an unfriendly, unfeeling type of person. But scientists agree that reptiles aren’t 22 — they’re misunderstood. Extensive research has shown that reptiles experience a wide range of emotions and that they’re highly socially complex animals. A growing body of research 23 the widely accepted notion that reptiles only have the capacity for survival instincts and not for emotional intelligence. Despite this wealth of evidence demonstrating  reptiles’  emotional capacity, however, they’ve retained a reputation for being as 24 emotionally as they are physically. These misconceptions can lead to a lack of 25 for reptiles’ needs in captivity (人工圈养) and in the wild, advocates say. As more and more reptilian species are threatened by habitat loss, scientists and conservationists say that 26 reptiles’ capacity for emotion can help pet owners and policymakers alike take better care of them. Yet the myth of the emotionless “lizard brain” 27 . Popularized in the 1970s by astronomer and science communicator Carl Sagan, the term refers to the parts of the human brain that we use for 28 . According to this 29 , the human brain evolved in stages by adding progressively more sophisticated structures to this underdeveloped lizard brain, including the limbic (边缘的) system, which is the source of our emotions. Because reptiles are our evolutionary forerunners, some researchers long believed that this instinctual part of the brain was the only part that originated with our 30 ancestors — and that without humanlike brain structures, reptiles didn’t have the capacity for emotions at all. Scientists have repeatedly disproven the misconception throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with a 2019 review identifying 37 studies supporting reptiles’ emotional capacity. While they may not be outwardly 31 in the same way that humans or other mammals are, reptiles are indeed highly social animals. They form emotional bonds and communicate them through instinctive sequences of movements and signals, performed in a fixed order each time. These complex 32 are used for parental care, courtship, and nesting. Yet even as research on reptile 33 continues to build, the stereotypes around reptilian emotions have persisted. Part of this is simply because reptiles 34 their emotions differently than humans. In a 2021 study, researchers found that lizards emit chemicals to communicate with each other, meaning they’re much harder to 35 than their mammalian counterparts. 21．A．applied to B．exposed to C．compared to D．relevant to 22．A．senseless B．hateful C．cruel D．emotionless 23．A．confirms B．ignores C．challenges D．justifies 24．A．cold-blooded B．sensitive C．aggressive D．negative 25．A．ignorance B．awareness C．tolerance D．adaptability 26．A．recognizing B．assuming C．overestimating D．distinguishing 27．A．persists B．disappears C．changes D．emerges 28．A．emotional responses B．logical thinking C．social communication D．survival instinct 29．A．assumption B．principle C．misconception D．projection 30．A．furry B．feathered C．scaly D．leathered 31．A．attractive B．impressive C．apparent D．expressive 32．A．rituals B．commands C．traditions D．rules 33．A．evolution B．domestication C．colonization D．socialization 34．A．hide B．experience C．exhibit D．control 35．A．read B．trust C．capture D．approach 【答案】 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文指出爬行动物并非通常认为的那样冷漠无情，科学研究表明它们具有丰富的情感和复杂的社会行为，但由于它们表达情感的方式与人类不同，导致误解长期存在。 【详解】21．考查动词短语。句意：当被应用到形容人类身上时，它指的是一类不友好、冷漠的人。A. applied to应用于，适用于；B. exposed to暴露于；C. compared to与……相比；D. relevant to与……相关。根据前文“ The word reptilian (爬虫类的) doesn’t describe just lizards and snakes. ”以及后文“it means an unfriendly, unfeeling type of person”，可知这个词也可以“用于形容”人类。when applied to意为“当应用于……时”。 22．考查形容词。句意：但科学家们一致认为爬行动物并非冷漠无情——它们被误解了。A. senseless无知觉的；B. hateful可恨的；C. cruel残忍的；D. emotionless冷漠无情的。根据后文“they’re misunderstood”以及“reptiles experience a wide range of emotions”，可知科学家认为它们并非冷漠无情。 23．考查动词。句意：越来越多的研究挑战了人们普遍接受的观念，即爬行动物只有生存本能的能力而没有情商。A. confirms证实；B. ignores忽视；C. challenges挑战；D. justifies证明正当。根据前文“Extensive research has shown that reptiles experience a wide range of emotions”以及后文“widely accepted notion”，新研究与旧观念相悖，是在“挑战”旧观念。 24．考查形容词。句意：然而，尽管有大量证据表明爬行动物的情感能力，但它们仍然保持着在情感上和生理上一样冷血的声誉。A. cold-blooded冷血的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. aggressive攻击性的；D. negative消极的。根据前文“reptilian”一词的字面含义以及后文“misconceptions”，这里呼应标题“Not-so cold blooded”，指出人们认为爬行动物“cold-blooded”（既指冷血动物，也指冷酷无情）。 25．考查名词。句意：倡导者说，这些误解可能导致在人工圈养和野外环境中对爬行动物需求的缺乏认识。A. ignorance无知；B. awareness认识，意识；C. tolerance容忍；D. adaptability适应性。根据前文“misconceptions”以及后文“for reptiles’ needs”可知，误解会导致人们“缺乏认识”它们的真实需求。lack of awareness意为“缺乏认识”。 26．考查动词。句意：随着越来越多的爬行动物物种受到栖息地丧失的威胁，科学家和环保人士表示，认识到爬行动物的情绪能力，可以帮助宠物主人和政策制定者更好地照顾它们。A. recognizing认识到；B. assuming假定；C. overestimating高估；D. distinguishing区分。根据后文“help pet owners and policymakers alike take better care of them”可知，只有正确“认识到”爬行动物拥有情绪，才能推动人们更好地保护、照顾它们。 27．考查动词。句意：然而，没有情绪的“蜥蜴脑”这一错误说法依旧持续存在。A. persists持续存在；B. disappears消失；C. changes改变；D. emerges出现。根据后文“Popularized in the 1970s”以及最后一段中13空后“the stereotypes around reptilian emotions have persisted”可知，即便有大量研究辟谣，这种错误的刻板印象“依然留存”。 28．考查名词短语。句意：这个术语在20世纪70年代由天文学家、科学传播者Carl Sagan推广，指的是人类大脑中负责生存本能的部分。A. emotional responses情绪反应；B. logical thinking逻辑思维；C. social communication社交沟通；D. survival instinct生存本能。根据后文“the human brain evolved in stages by adding progressively more sophisticated structures to this underdeveloped lizard brain, including the limbic (边缘的) system, which is the source of our emotions”可知，传统理论认为“蜥蜴脑”是大脑最原始的部分，只负责最基础的生存本能，情绪等高级功能是后续演化出来的边缘系统负责的。 29．考查名词。句意：根据这个误解，人类大脑是逐步进化的，在这个未发育完全的蜥蜴脑基础上，逐步添加更复杂的结构，包括作为情绪来源的边缘系统。A. assumption假设；B. principle原则；C. misconception错误观点；D. projection投射。根据后文“Scientists have repeatedly disproven the misconception throughout the 20th and 21st centuries”可知，这个“蜥蜴脑”相关的说法从一开始就只是一种没有被证实的理论假设，后来被科学家反复证伪。 30．考查形容词。句意：因为爬行动物是人类的进化先驱，长期以来一些研究人员认为，大脑中这个本能部分是我们长有鳞片的祖先唯一拥有的部分——没有类似人类的大脑结构，爬行动物根本没有产生情绪的能力。A. furry毛茸茸的；B. feathered有羽毛的；C. scaly有鳞片的；D. leathered皮革般的。根据前文“reptiles are our evolutionary forerunners”可知，爬行动物体表覆盖鳞片。 31．考查形容词。句意：虽然它们可能不像人类或其他哺乳动物那样以同样的方式外在地流露情绪，但爬行动物确实是高度社会化的动物。A. attractive吸引人的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. apparent明显的；D. expressive富于表现力的。根据后文“reptiles are indeed highly social animals. They form emotional bonds and communicate them through instinctive sequences of movements and signals”可知，爬行动物确实有情感并通过特定方式表达，只是不像人类那样“富有表现力”。outwardly expressive意为“外在表现力强”。 32．考查名词。句意：这些复杂的仪式被用于育幼、求偶和筑巢。A. rituals仪式；B. commands命令；C. traditions传统；D. rules规则。根据前文“instinctive sequences of movements and signals, performed in a fixed order each time”可知，这种固定顺序的行为模式被称为“仪式化的行为”。 33．考查名词。句意：然而，即使关于爬行动物社会化行为的研究不断积累，关于爬行动物情感的刻板印象仍然存在。A. evolution进化；B. domestication驯化；C. colonization殖民；D. socialization社会化。根据前文“reptiles are indeed highly social animals”以及“form emotional bonds and communicate”可知，研究的是它们的“社会化行为”。 34．考查动词。句意：部分原因仅仅是因为爬行动物展示情感的方式与人类不同。A. hide隐藏；B. experience体验；C. exhibit展示，表现；D. control控制。根据后文“lizards emit chemicals to communicate”可知，它们通过化学物质“展示”情感。 35．考查动词。句意：在一项2021年的研究中，研究人员发现蜥蜴会释放化学物质进行交流，这意味着它们比哺乳动物更难读懂。A. read读懂，解读；B. trust信任；C. capture捕捉；D. approach接近。根据前文“emit chemicals to communicate”可知，因为爬行动物用人类很难直接感知的化学信号传递情绪，所以人们很难“读懂、解读”它们的情绪。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36．What is the best title for this passage? A．Silencing the 100 Voices B．From Mailboxes to Marathons C．Running as the President of Your Own Life D．The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37．Why did the writer start running? A．To deal with her hearing problem. B．To manage anxiety through movement. C．To counter the panic about aging after 40. D．To create personal space in a crowded world. 38．The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A．I figured out how to show up on the running track B．running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C．I discovered how to take control of my life through running D．running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39．Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A．to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B．to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C．to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D．to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．C 39．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. (跑步，尤其是在你不想跑的时候，是一种掌控自己灵魂的行为)”，第五段中“Running taught me how to show up and lead. (跑步教会了我如何出现并引领)”可知，文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。全文围绕跑步带来的这种“掌控自我”的感悟展开。选项 C“Running as the President of Your Own Life (作为自己生命的主宰去跑步)”精准概括了文章主旨，可以作为本文标题。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. (生完第二个孩子后，我一直被焦虑所困扰。我的大脑就像一个满是100种声音的房间，所有声音都在尖叫。我无法平息这种惊恐。一位医生建议我，与其试图平复思绪，不如试着与身体建立连接)”可知，作者开始跑步是为了通过运动来应对产后焦虑，即通过与身体连接来管理情绪。故选B项。 38．词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. (焦虑让我在自己的生活中成为一个被动的乘客)”以及后文“I am doing something hard, and I am okay. (我正在做一件难事，而且我很好)”可知，跑步让作者从被动的生活状态转变为主动掌控的状态。划线句表明跑步教会了作者如何掌控自己的生活。故选C项。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段“The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. (那个说“再多走一步”“就到那棵树为止”的部分是主宰 —— 它必须为了整体的利益做决定，即使很难，也必须承担努力的重负)”可知，作者将跑步中坚持的行为定义为为了整体利益（即自己的人生）而承受不适。最后一段是对这一感悟的总结，选项 D“to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (为了更大的利益 —— 自己人生的利益，去承受不适)”与前文逻辑一致，点明了跑步的深层意义。故选D项。 (B) 15 TH OCT 2023 CULTURE Gazelle Twin, a composer, producer, and musician, opens up about being a conceptual artist and establishing a unique identity ahead of the release of her new album (专辑), Black Dog. Q: Would you describe your music as conceptual? A: Conceptual is a good term. I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure. For example, Black Dog was originally about ghosts, but finally focuses on my childhood, adulthood, parenthood, and the anxiety and fear along the way. Q: Throughout the album, there is a sense of an observer. Is that person yourself, or another presence? A: Both. There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world. For example, when I walk alone at night, I may feel unsafe and become watchful. We have to build protective instincts around ourselves. Q: When you started out, did you have any idea of the kind of artist you wanted to be? A: I didn’t want to fit a fixed style or be restricted by being female. I wanted flexibility and to think beyond my personal ability. Q: What would be your advice to anyone with ambitions to become a musician? A: Follow your instincts. Put yourself out there without pressure to be “perfect”. Absorb, experiment, and embrace the unknown journey. Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term. 40．Why is Gazelle Twin’s music conceptual? A．Her records are usually about ghosts. B．The album’s structure is a top priority. C．The word “conceptual” itself is attractive. D．Her music is highly motivated by themes. 41．In the second part of the interview, “this other person” most likely represents ________. A．a ghost from her childhood B．a friend who always walks with her C．her inner self-awareness D．her spiritual growth 42．Which of the following can be inferred from Gazelle Twin’s response in the interview? A．She owes success to passion and patience. B．Her future planning relies heavily on the team. C．Black Dog has already become a hit album worldwide. D．She expresses willingness to help the potential musicians. 【答案】40．D 41．C 42．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了Gazelle Twin接受访谈，谈及音乐理念等内容。 【详解】40．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure.(我创作音乐并非只是为了创作而创作。我的音乐作品都是基于我深入研究的主题而产生的。在创作之前，我会花大量时间去了解这些主题，然后设计专辑的结构)”可知，Gazelle Twin的音乐是概念性的，因为她的音乐受主题启发，高度受主题驱动。 41．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world.(我的内心深处有着抑郁和焦虑的声音，而这个另一个人则源自我的内心深处——一个始终存在的安静观察者。就好像拥有一颗持续运转的内在看守者，能够察觉那些不舒适的感觉——恐惧、脆弱，尤其是作为一个身处这个世界中的女性时所感受到的脆弱)”可知，在采访的第二部分中，“这个另一个人”很可能代表她内心的自我意识。 42．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term.(成功需要一个团队和时间——你必须热爱它并长期坚持下去)”可知，从Gazelle Twin在采访中的回答可以推断出，她将成功归功于热情和耐心。 (C) We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active — take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. Previous research found just 45 minutes of walking three days a week actually increased brain volume among individuals 65 and older. The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says. The study looked at 454 older adults who were 70 or older when the research began. Of those adults, 191 had behavioral signs of dementia (痴呆) and 263 did not. In the research that was done in the final years of their lives, each participant wore an activity monitor called an accelerometer. It measured those participants’ physical activity around the clock — everything from walking around the house to exercise routines. Researchers collected and evaluated ten days of movement data for each participant and calculated an average daily activity score. The findings show that higher levels of daily movement were linked to better thinking and memory skills. And when Buchman analyzed brain tissue under a microscope, this finding turned out to be the case even for individuals with at least three signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). Even though these individuals might have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, 30 percent of them had “normal” cognition at death, says Buchman. Why one person shows signs of dementia and another, who has similar degenerative (退行性的) changes in the brain, does not, is a mystery. But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s. And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 43．What makes the new study unique compared to previous research? A．It involves a larger number of participants than earlier studies. B．It proves that intense exercise is more effective than light activity. C．It discovers that housework is the best form of exercise for the elderly. D．It allows researchers to examine participants’ actual brain tissue after death. 44．According to the study, what is the effect of light physical activity on individuals with Alzheimer’s disease? A．It completely cures the disease. B．It has no significant impact on brain health. C．It slows down the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease. D．It may cover up symptoms and reduce the cognitive decline. 45．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B．Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C．Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D．The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 46．What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A．Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B．Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C．Pessimistic about their practical application. D．Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. 【答案】43．D 44．D 45．C 46．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了研究发现日常身体活动，包括简单家务，可能对老年人大脑健康有保护作用。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第四段“The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says.(这项发表在《神经病学》网络版上的新研究十分独特。Buchman得以分析研究参与者的真实大脑组织。他说，研究参与者同意去世后捐献大脑用于科研，这些研究成果也算是对他们莫大的回馈。)”可知，与先前的研究相比，新研究的独特之处在于它使研究人员能够在参与者去世后检查他们的实际脑组织。 44．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s.(但Buchman说，新的发现表明，即使在患上阿尔茨海默氏症时，身体活动也可能具有保护作用。他说，这有点像掩盖了症状。这表明，即使你无法控制患上阿尔茨海默氏症，你也可以在一定程度上控制自己的大脑健康。)”可知，根据这项研究，轻度身体活动对阿尔茨海默病患者的影响是它可能掩盖症状并减少认知能力下降。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s.(现在一项研究发现，即使是简单的家务也可能对我们七八十岁时的大脑健康产生影响。)”以及最后一段“And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline.(Buchman说，虽然高强度的活动和锻炼非常有益，但轻度活动也能起到作用。“只要你进行一些活动并动起来，无论你是在切洋葱还是扫地，”你都可以降低认知能力下降的风险。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现日常身体活动，包括简单家务，可能对老年人大脑健康有保护作用。因此，最合适的标题是“Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging身体活动：抵御大脑衰老的保护屏障”。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says.(他说，这些发现是对那些同意死后捐献大脑用于研究的参与者的“衷心感谢”。)”以及最后一段“And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline.(Buchman说，虽然高强度的活动和锻炼非常有益，但轻度活动也能起到作用。“只要你进行一些活动并动起来，无论你是在切洋葱还是扫地，”你都可以降低认知能力下降的风险。)”可知，Buchman博士感谢参与者，同时谨慎提出活动的保护作用，对研究结果持感激和谨慎乐观的态度。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 47 If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 48 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 49 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own. ” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 50 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. 【答案】47．C 48．A 49．E 50．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了品牌影响力正在衰退，过去品牌因信息匮乏成为品质保障，而如今互联网、各类测评与社交媒体让消费者获取信息更便捷，人们不再依赖品牌，品牌忠诚度大幅下降。 【详解】47．根据前文“Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment.(Itamar Simonson和Emanuel Rosen的新书《绝对价值》指出，从历史上来看，品牌的兴起是对信息匮乏环境的一种回应。)” 以及后文“If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good.(如果一辆汽车由通用汽车生产，或是番茄酱由亨氏制造，你就会认为它的品质不错。)” 可知，空前追溯品牌的兴起，空后举例说明对品牌的依赖，故空格处需说明信息闭塞年代品牌的作用；选项C“When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality.(当消费者只能依靠一家公司的广告和过往消费经验时，品牌就充当了品质的保障。)” 贴合上下文逻辑。 48．根据前文“This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products.(这一变化始于《消费者报告》，该刊物会对产品开展客观测评。)” 以及后文“It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories.(它让普通消费者可以轻松获取各类产品的专业评测、用户评价和详细产品数据。)” 可知，空处需点明it的指代对象；选项A“But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet.(但真正削弱品牌影响力的是互联网。)” 承接了上文的信息获取变化，又引出了下文互联网的具体作用，衔接自然。 49．根据前文“A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make.(近期一项研究发现：八成消费者在进行大额消费前都会查看线上评价，且大量研究也记录表明，这些评价对人们的消费决策有着巨大影响。)”说明消费者依赖网络评价，后文“An undesirable product can become a laughingstock in a matter of hours.(一款劣质产品短短数小时内就会沦为笑柄。)” 说明信息传播速度变得极快；选项E“The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree.(社交媒体的兴起将这一趋势加速到了惊人的程度。)” 衔接了上文的评价影响与下文的快速传播。 50．根据前文“But information overload is largely a myth.(但信息过载在很大程度上是一种谬论。)” 可知，消费者并不会被海量信息困扰；选项F“Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online.(大多数消费者都能高效找到自己需要的信息，无需花费大量上网时间。)” 解释了信息过载是谬论的原因，与前文观点保持一致，逻辑通顺。 IV.Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. Mindfulness therapy allows patients more treatment options. With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (55 words) 【导语】本文主要介绍了辛辛那提大学研究团队发现正念疗法能显著减轻儿童焦虑，并为患者提供更多治疗选择。 【详解】1.要点摘录   ①But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical (药物的) solutions. ②Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. ③Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. ④Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt.   ⑤If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from.   ⑥Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. 2.缜密构思   第①②③三个要点进行重组为“研究目的+方法+机制”，将第⑤⑥要点进行整合为“需求驱动+提供更多选择”的因果关系，④句作为独立要点，说明研究结果——焦虑显著减轻。 3.遣词造句   A university team explored non-drug treatments for childhood anxiety through mindfulness therapy including meditation and yoga, which increases awareness of present feelings and body sensations. The therapy significantly reduced patients’ anxiety.   With growing demand for extra options, it offers more choices and the university is developing it further. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. (运用了不定式作目的状语，以及省略了that引导的宾语从句)   【高分句型2】With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (运用了with构成的介词短语作状语。) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．香肠炒饭是这家饭店的特色，值得一试。（worth）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sausage fried rice is the specialty of this restaurant and it is worth a try. 【详解】句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；句子可处理为and连接的并列句；第一个分句是主系表结构，主语“香肠炒饭”表达为sausage fried rice，be用is，表语“这家饭店的特色”表达为the specialty of this restaurant；第二个分句的主语是it（指代上文提到的香肠炒饭），“值得一试”表达为be worth a try，主语是it，be用is。 53．这个培训项目是为帮助初学者学习编程而量身定制的。 (tailor) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This training program is tailored to help beginners learn programming. 【详解】表示“这个培训项目”译为this training program，作主语；表示“为……量身定制”译为be tailored to；表示“帮助初学者学习编程”用短语help sb. do sth.，译为help beginners learn programming。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 54．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Diners all compliment the baker on his exceptional skill, as the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks just melt in the mouth, filling them with happiness. 【详解】“食客们”用diners作主语，“夸赞某人……”用短语compliment sb. on sth.，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语compliment用原形，“他的高超技艺”用his exceptional skill，“软糯香甜的点心入口即化”可处理为as引导的时间状语从句，“软糯香甜的点心”用the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks作主语，“融化”用melt作从句谓语，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，“在嘴里”用in the mouth作状语，“给人满满的幸福感”用fill them with happiness，此处处理为现在分词filling...作状语。 55．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether you choose a wooden sofa or a leather one, make sure the sofa is huge enough to accommodate the eight of us. 【详解】“不管……还是……”使用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，“选择”为choose，“实木沙发”为wooden sofa，“皮革沙发”为leather one，表泛指，加不定冠词，“一定要确保”为make sure，使用祈使句型，“足够大”为be huge enough，“能坐得下我们八个人”为accommodate the eight of us，enough后常接动词不定式，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。 VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 【答案】Dear Lynn,     I’m Li Ming, a Senior Three student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to offer you some practical advice to help you persuade your parents.     First, you’d better have a calm and sincere talk with your parents. You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. It can broaden your horizons, cultivate your patience and enrich your spare time. Besides, promise them that you will arrange your time properly and never let your hobby affect your schoolwork. Good academic performance is the best way to remove their worries.     What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby.     I believe that your parents will finally understand and support you. Yours, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高三学生李明的身份，在学校英文报专栏回信给 Lynn，针对她想买相机却遭到父母反对的问题给出合理建议并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 说服：persuade → convince 开阔眼界：broaden one’s horizons → expand one’s outlook 培养：cultivate → foster 消除：remove → get rid of 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. 拓展句：It is advisable for you to explain that photography is not a waste of time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. (运用that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby. (运用现在分词作结果状语) 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年春季高考模拟卷01 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Adventure Abroad Four students from National University have recently returned from Africa, 1 they participated in development projects with local residents in rural areas. For 10 weeks, these young people worked in Zimbabwe and Botswana as members of a program called Raleigh International. Raleigh International, which 2 (found) in 1984, gives young people a chance to do volunteer work while experiencing other countries and their cultures. The program, named 3 the explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, encourages young people to help others and work in difficult settings. More than 30,000 students from a variety of cultures and backgrounds have volunteered in 4 total of 40 countries. Marisa Silvestri, 20, a business major, traveled to Zimbabwe to work with a group in the Mavuradonha Wilderness Area. Their first project was helping farmers build electric fences to protect their crops from 5 (destroy) by elephants. When elephants entered the village one night, the students joined with farmers 6 (drive) them away and preserve the fields. Silvestri’s group also constructed small cottages for tourists to stay in, 7 (build) in the local style. Saeed Mohammed, also 20 and an engineering major, joined another group in Zimbabwe. His group carried out a survey of health problems in several villages and taught children about good health habits. 8 impressed Saeed was that the kids were so curious about the Raleigh International students that after the health lessons, they asked them questions about “everything else under the sun”. Saeed’s group also worked to build foot trails (小径) through the forest. While they were out working in the bush, a fire 9 (break) out, destroying eight kilometers of forest. The students fought to bring the fire under control, sleeping only 45 minutes during the two days. In Botswana, two 19-year-old students, Lakeishia Young and David Min, helped to build a clinic and a meeting hall in a small village. 10 they didn’t face angry elephants, they said the building work was much harder than they expected. “It was a great learning experience,” Young said. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．briefly       B．duration       C． preferred       D．previously      E. costs F. rule       G. time‑judging       H. debate       I. linked      J. long‑standing      K. insights A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and use this information to find food. This is the first evidence of such an ability in insects, according to Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle 11 among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts 12 underestimated their cognitive abilities. “In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time‑related information, the researchers built a carefully designed maze where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food. In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct visual clues: one circle that flashed 13 for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these respective circles, they found sweet, 14 food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the short flash, which was consistently 15 to the sweet food. To 16 out the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees could still tell the circles apart based simply on flash 17 , not other potential cues like color or shape. “This shows the bees are actually using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food‑seeking choices,” she said. Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli — flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment—to solve tasks flexibly is truly remarkable. “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the 18 of returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, including humans and pigeons, that can distinguish between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters. While the neural mechanisms behind bees’ 19 ability remain unclear, the team plans to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than individually, and explore why some bees learn to assess time duration faster than others. The findings challenge the long‑held idea that bees are just instinct‑driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and offer new 20 into how animals perceive time. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Not-so cold blooded The word reptilian (爬虫类的) doesn’t describe just lizards and snakes. When 21 humans, it means an unfriendly, unfeeling type of person. But scientists agree that reptiles aren’t 22 — they’re misunderstood. Extensive research has shown that reptiles experience a wide range of emotions and that they’re highly socially complex animals. A growing body of research 23 the widely accepted notion that reptiles only have the capacity for survival instincts and not for emotional intelligence. Despite this wealth of evidence demonstrating  reptiles’  emotional capacity, however, they’ve retained a reputation for being as 24 emotionally as they are physically. These misconceptions can lead to a lack of 25 for reptiles’ needs in captivity (人工圈养) and in the wild, advocates say. As more and more reptilian species are threatened by habitat loss, scientists and conservationists say that 26 reptiles’ capacity for emotion can help pet owners and policymakers alike take better care of them. Yet the myth of the emotionless “lizard brain” 27 . Popularized in the 1970s by astronomer and science communicator Carl Sagan, the term refers to the parts of the human brain that we use for 28 . According to this 29 , the human brain evolved in stages by adding progressively more sophisticated structures to this underdeveloped lizard brain, including the limbic (边缘的) system, which is the source of our emotions. Because reptiles are our evolutionary forerunners, some researchers long believed that this instinctual part of the brain was the only part that originated with our 30 ancestors — and that without humanlike brain structures, reptiles didn’t have the capacity for emotions at all. Scientists have repeatedly disproven the misconception throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with a 2019 review identifying 37 studies supporting reptiles’ emotional capacity. While they may not be outwardly 31 in the same way that humans or other mammals are, reptiles are indeed highly social animals. They form emotional bonds and communicate them through instinctive sequences of movements and signals, performed in a fixed order each time. These complex 32 are used for parental care, courtship, and nesting. Yet even as research on reptile 33 continues to build, the stereotypes around reptilian emotions have persisted. Part of this is simply because reptiles 34 their emotions differently than humans. In a 2021 study, researchers found that lizards emit chemicals to communicate with each other, meaning they’re much harder to 35 than their mammalian counterparts. 21．A．applied to B．exposed to C．compared to D．relevant to 22．A．senseless B．hateful C．cruel D．emotionless 23．A．confirms B．ignores C．challenges D．justifies 24．A．cold-blooded B．sensitive C．aggressive D．negative 25．A．ignorance B．awareness C．tolerance D．adaptability 26．A．recognizing B．assuming C．overestimating D．distinguishing 27．A．persists B．disappears C．changes D．emerges 28．A．emotional responses B．logical thinking C．social communication D．survival instinct 29．A．assumption B．principle C．misconception D．projection 30．A．furry B．feathered C．scaly D．leathered 31．A．attractive B．impressive C．apparent D．expressive 32．A．rituals B．commands C．traditions D．rules 33．A．evolution B．domestication C．colonization D．socialization 34．A．hide B．experience C．exhibit D．control 35．A．read B．trust C．capture D．approach Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36．What is the best title for this passage? A．Silencing the 100 Voices B．From Mailboxes to Marathons C．Running as the President of Your Own Life D．The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37．Why did the writer start running? A．To deal with her hearing problem. B．To manage anxiety through movement. C．To counter the panic about aging after 40. D．To create personal space in a crowded world. 38．The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A．I figured out how to show up on the running track B．running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C．I discovered how to take control of my life through running D．running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39．Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A．to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B．to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C．to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D．to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (B) 15 TH OCT 2023 CULTURE Gazelle Twin, a composer, producer, and musician, opens up about being a conceptual artist and establishing a unique identity ahead of the release of her new album (专辑), Black Dog. Q: Would you describe your music as conceptual? A: Conceptual is a good term. I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure. For example, Black Dog was originally about ghosts, but finally focuses on my childhood, adulthood, parenthood, and the anxiety and fear along the way. Q: Throughout the album, there is a sense of an observer. Is that person yourself, or another presence? A: Both. There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world. For example, when I walk alone at night, I may feel unsafe and become watchful. We have to build protective instincts around ourselves. Q: When you started out, did you have any idea of the kind of artist you wanted to be? A: I didn’t want to fit a fixed style or be restricted by being female. I wanted flexibility and to think beyond my personal ability. Q: What would be your advice to anyone with ambitions to become a musician? A: Follow your instincts. Put yourself out there without pressure to be “perfect”. Absorb, experiment, and embrace the unknown journey. Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term. 40．Why is Gazelle Twin’s music conceptual? A．Her records are usually about ghosts. B．The album’s structure is a top priority. C．The word “conceptual” itself is attractive. D．Her music is highly motivated by themes. 41．In the second part of the interview, “this other person” most likely represents ________. A．a ghost from her childhood B．a friend who always walks with her C．her inner self-awareness D．her spiritual growth 42．Which of the following can be inferred from Gazelle Twin’s response in the interview? A．She owes success to passion and patience. B．Her future planning relies heavily on the team. C．Black Dog has already become a hit album worldwide. D．She expresses willingness to help the potential musicians. (C) We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active — take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. Previous research found just 45 minutes of walking three days a week actually increased brain volume among individuals 65 and older. The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says. The study looked at 454 older adults who were 70 or older when the research began. Of those adults, 191 had behavioral signs of dementia (痴呆) and 263 did not. In the research that was done in the final years of their lives, each participant wore an activity monitor called an accelerometer. It measured those participants’ physical activity around the clock — everything from walking around the house to exercise routines. Researchers collected and evaluated ten days of movement data for each participant and calculated an average daily activity score. The findings show that higher levels of daily movement were linked to better thinking and memory skills. And when Buchman analyzed brain tissue under a microscope, this finding turned out to be the case even for individuals with at least three signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). Even though these individuals might have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, 30 percent of them had “normal” cognition at death, says Buchman. Why one person shows signs of dementia and another, who has similar degenerative (退行性的) changes in the brain, does not, is a mystery. But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s. And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 43．What makes the new study unique compared to previous research? A．It involves a larger number of participants than earlier studies. B．It proves that intense exercise is more effective than light activity. C．It discovers that housework is the best form of exercise for the elderly. D．It allows researchers to examine participants’ actual brain tissue after death. 44．According to the study, what is the effect of light physical activity on individuals with Alzheimer’s disease? A．It completely cures the disease. B．It has no significant impact on brain health. C．It slows down the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease. D．It may cover up symptoms and reduce the cognitive decline. 45．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B．Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C．Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D．The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 46．What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A．Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B．Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C．Pessimistic about their practical application. D．Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 47 If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 48 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 49 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own. ” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 50 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. IV.Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．香肠炒饭是这家饭店的特色，值得一试。（worth）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．这个培训项目是为帮助初学者学习编程而量身定制的。 (tailor) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $