精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高三年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试题

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Europe’s greatest designs Ever played with Lego? Visited Ikea? Read the Moomin stories? ____1____ the answer to any of these is yes, then you have enjoyed Nordic design. The Nordic region, located in the far north of Europe, ____2____ (make) up of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Lego is a Danish company; Ikea shops first opened in Sweden; and the Moomins started life in Finland. Now, a new exhibition ____3____ the V&A Museum of Childhood, in London, is celebrating this region. Century of the Child: Nordic Design for Children 1900 to Today will take visitors through the 100 years ____4____ proved to be a productive period for children and playtime. One of the things you can see — and play with — is a mini puckelbal pitch. This unpredictable ball game from Sweden uses a bumpy surface, crooked lines and different-sized goals ____5____ (ensure) that people of all ages and abilities can play at the same level. Other unusual objects include a toy made from fish bones and a dolls’ house made from forest waste, ____6____ of which demonstrate creative ways of using eco-friendly materials. The exhibition will also have a section ____7____ (explore) how a “junk playground” in 1940s Denmark inspired adventure playgrounds in the UK. The exhibition’s title comes from a book ____8____ (write) in 1900 by a Swedish author called Ellen Key. She believed that during the 20th century, adults ____9____ (focus) more attention on their children than they had in the previous century. Key wanted adults to make more of an effort to improve children’s creativity and education. She died in 1926, but would no doubt have been proud to see _____10_____ her ideas helped shape this exhibition. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. clearance B. comprehensive C. conservation D. counted E. habitat F. mixed G. respectively H. stable I. surrounded J. sustainably K. undiscovered Orangutan (猩猩) numbers recover in well-managed forests An airborne survey of endangered orangutans in Sabah, the Malaysian state in the northeast of Borneo, has found that populations have stabilised within well-managed forests but are still in decline in areas with extensive palm oil plantations (棕榈油种植园). The study was carried out by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is the biggest, most ____11____ survey of orangutans in Borneo to date. The large areas of lowland forest in Sabah is the best ____12____ for orangutans. However, over the past 50 years extensive logging and land ____13____ for agriculture had led to a great decline in their numbers. The researchers surveyed an area almost 5,500 km wide. Based on the number of tree-borne nests ____14____ they estimate that there are almost 10,000 orangutans living in the area. This includes more than 1,500 previously ____15____ animals spread out in small groups. The majority of orangutans, around 5,550, were found living within ____16____ managed forests or in the central uplands away from the loggers. The numbers in this area have remained ____17____ since 2002, suggesting that conservation efforts are proving successful. In contrast, orangutan numbers in forests ____18____ by extensive areas of palm oil plantations have fallen by as much as 30 percent. “A recent survey on orangutan populations in Sabah, northeast Borneo showed a(n) ____19____ picture from different regions,” said the World Wide Fund for Nature’s Donna Simon. “However, overall the research shows that they have maintained the same numbers over the last 15 years and can remain so as long as proper _____20_____ measures continue to be put in place.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. At 3.45 a.m. on a rainy morning in May two years ago, I got up, and headed down to a street market in London to meet Phil, my school friend and business partner. On arriving there, I found him setting up the stall with our meal kits: boxes with all the fresh ingredients already chopped, washed and weighed. That was it. After months of painstaking planning, our task was simple: ____21____ the books and theory, make up our products and get them into the kitchens of paying customers. Neither of us had had any previous business experience. We had, ____22____, followed the advice of countless start-up guides and new business courses for those just starting out: we had written a business plan, identified market trends and developed a ____23____. Phil and I had also organised focus groups to try out early products and set up an online questionnaire. While this sort of research was ____24____, we were faced with a slight problem. On the basis of our research findings, we’d have 95 per cent of adults buying our products at a cost of £6 per go, at least four nights a week. This gave us confidence that our ____25____ was a good one. However, it also highlighted that maybe we’d missed something, that there were clearly some fundamental questions that hadn’t been answered and couldn’t be ____26____ in this way: Was our product right? Would people ____27____ buy it? This ____28____ that the proof of the pudding is in the eating, led us to the 3.45 a.m. wake-up calls and a real drive to test our products on the ____29____ public. ____30____ we landed on our feet, selling 100 meals on our first day of trading. And despite a few nail-biting initial hours after the market opened, our rather ____31____ promotional activity (literally grabbing customers off the street) finally paid off. To our great delight, we sold out by the end of the day. Above and beyond the ____32____ sales figures, the insights gained from the first day were so useful that we kept our stall at Whitecross Street Market for three months. Looking back, we would not ____33____ any other approach to businesses that are launching products for the first time. The most valuable aspect of our experience in the street market was that it allowed us to communicate with our customers on a daily basis and respond to their feedback on our products, marketing and pricing ____34____. Over the three months, we were able to take many small-scale risks and experiment with many different recipes (配方), points of sale and kinds of messaging, allowing us to develop those that worked and give up those that proved ____35____. 21. A. hand out B. take over C. put away D. get across 22. A. though B. besides C. rather D. otherwise 23. A. proposal B. product C. reputation D. tendency 24. A. impersonal B. impractical C. innovative D. invaluable 25. A. research B. plan C. basis D. group 26. A. tested B. raised C. missed D. covered 27. A. terribly B. scarcely C. actually D. gratefully 28. A. limitation B. assumption C. progression D. realisation 29. A. paying B. satisfying C. telling D. knowing 30. A. Humbly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Virtually 31. A. direct B. seasonal C. passive D. forceless 32. A. insulting B. puzzling C. pleasing D. remaining 33. A. evaluate B. recommend C. compare D. commit 34. A. to a small degree B. for financial purposes C. on common ground D. in real time 35. A. expensive B. unpopular C. artificial D. dangerous Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transport fares have been cut in half. In London politicians leave passive-aggressive notes on civil servants' desks telling them to turn up for work and beg people to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, the mayor of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example by riding the subway. None of it seems to be working. The subway is only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19. Auckland's bus system was half as busy in April as it was three years earlier. People have not given up public transport for the private kind. They are simply moving around less. Although travel is likely to recover a little further, a return to the pre-pandemic pattern seems impossible. One clue is that not all journeys have declined. Parisians made more shopping trips last summer than they did before Covid appeared. In New York Sunday travel has held up better than weekday travel. What has collapsed is rush-hour commuting, particularly among well-paid workers in the knowledge economy. That suggests the change in behaviour is caused not by fear of infection-which might be expected to diminish over time — but by a fundamental resetting of work habits. Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start building transport systems to match. Big cities particularly are rooted in the idea that urban travel is like an asterisk, with people squeezing onto radial (放射状) roads and railway lines. Travel is now more like a spiderweb. People take fewer, often shorter journeys along thinner routes; they move to the side, as well as in and out. That explains why buses, which are often used for short journeys, have emptied out less drastically than commuter trains (通勤列车). Now that people travel less predictably, there is a stronger case for innovations such as on-demand buses and "mobility as a service" which weaves together public transport and personal modes such as taxis and hired bikes. These make better use of the existing infrastructure, and come closer to the convenience of cars. British cities need to do something more basic, by integrating their public-transport networks. Outside London, they tend to have many bus companies, some railway lines and perhaps a tram system, all doing their own thing. The result is confusion and often greater cost for the public. 36. Paragraph 1 is intended to A. publicize the public transport in major cities B. reveal the trouble the public transport faces C. introduce the ways to save the public transport D. compare the effectiveness of different measures 37. Why is public transport used less than before? A. People prefer to drive to their workplaces. B. People are losing interest in travelling around. C. People are fearful of getting infected with the virus. D. People have basically changed their working habits. 38. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. People commute by bus more often than before. B. The travel industry has recovered from the pandemic. C. The public transport is not as busy as it used to be during rush hours. D. The knowledge economy has changed the way people commute to work. 39. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To analyse the impacts of Covid-19 on global transport. B. To describe the current situation of the public transport in big cities. C. To urge big cities to adjust their public systems to the new reality. D. To find out the ways to attract more people to use public transport. （B） When we are trying to persuade people in formal speaking and writing, it is important to state a clear thesis. A thesis is the main point that we want to persuade our audience about. It states a position we are taking, and which we will present arguments to support. For example, someone might write to a clothes manufacturer with the thesis: The working conditions in your factory should be improved. What are the features of a good thesis? GOOD THESIS: It is just as important for girls to go to school as it is for boys. This thesis is something that we can make a case for, that we can argue. Some people might think that girls will just get married and have a family, so they don’t need to have an education. Other people think that there are good reasons for women to be educated. BAD THESIS: Girls get higher marks in high school English exams. This is a weak thesis because it just states a fact. No reasonable person would disagree after they are shown the evidence, so there is no reason to argue for it. BAD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water, and they need a maternal health clinic. This thesis has two ideas, not one. We can persuade people better by separating these points. One essay or speech can persuade the reader that education about clean drinking water is important, and the other essay or speech can try to convince people of the need for a maternal health clinic. GOOD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water. There is one clear point to this thesis — that people need to learn about clean drinking water. BAD THESIS: Australia has a lot of problems. This thesis is too broad. Australia is a very big country with many things to talk about. If you try to cover unequal distribution of wealth, agriculture, the environment, education and pollution in the cities, your essay will need hundreds of pages of evidence to persuade people. BETTER THESIS: Australia’s climate has caused many problems. This thesis is better because it is more specific. Now you only need to find evidence for the effects of Australia’s climate and how this can be related to the problems faced by Australians. You can talk about the other points another time. 40. Which of the following statements is a thesis? A. Fish supply in the ocean is declining. B. The summer vacation starts next Monday. C. It would be a good decision for your company to hire me. D. The city skyline is filled with towering skyscrapers and architectural marvels. 41. Put the features (a‑c) in the order of the examples they explain in the passage. a. A good thesis is specific. b. A good thesis clearly states a position on an issue that people have different views on. c. A good thesis focuses on one main point. A. c→b→a B. b→c→a C. a→c→b D. b→a→c 42. According to the last feature of a good thesis, which of the following thesis statements is the improved version of the thesis statement: Australia has a lot of problems? A. Australia’s climate has drawn many tourists. B. Australia’s climate is changing greatly nowadays. C. Australia has a lot of problems caused by its climate. D. Australia has done a lot to address its climate problems. （C） Like previous leaps in technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) will make the economy more productive but will also probably hurt some workers whose skills have been devalued. But this time around, how quickly will these effects come about? History may provide an answer. Consider the effects of previous advances in computing. Gordon Moore was famous for his prediction that the number of transistors (晶体管) on a computer chip would double every two years. The consequences of Moore’s Law are most obvious in the powerful computers and smartphones that almost everyone carries around these days. However, for at least two decades after Moore’s Law kicked in, America suffered from a productivity slowdown. The boom kicked in only during the 1990s. Why did the advancement in computing power take so long to pay off for the economy? In 1990 the economic historian Paul David published “The Dynamo and the Computer.” It drew a parallel between the effects of information technology and those of an earlier tech revolution, the electrification of industry. As David noted, electric motors became widely available in the 1890s. But to take full advantage of electrification, manufacturers had to rethink the design of factories. Pre-electric factories were multistory buildings with crowded working spaces, because that was necessary to make efficient use of a steam engine in the basement driving the machines in the production system. It took time to realize that having each machine driven by its own motor made it possible to have one-story factories with wide space allowing easy movement of materials. As a result, the big productivity gains from electrification didn’t materialize until after World War I. Sure enough, as David, in effect, predicted, the economic payoff from information technology finally kicked in during the 1990s, as secretaries taking dictation finally gave way to cubicle (小隔间) offices. But this history still presents a few puzzles. One is why the first productivity boom from information technology was so short-lived; basically it lasted only around a decade. And even while it lasted, productivity growth during the IT boom was no higher than it was during the generation-long boom after World War II, which didn’t seem to be driven by any new technology. In 1969 the management consultant Peter Drucker published The Age of Discontinuity, whose title implies that the previous period of extraordinary economic growth was actually an age of continuity. Or to put it another way, the great boom from the 1940s to around 1970 seems to have been largely based on the use of technologies that had been around for decades, which should make us less confident in trying to use recent technological developments to predict economic growth. That’s not to say that artificial intelligence won’t have huge economic impacts. But history suggests that they won’t come quickly. ChatGPT and whatever follows are probably an economic story for the 2030s, not for the next few years. 43. Why did the writer mention Gordon Moore and his famous prediction? A. To introduce one of the most accurate tech-related predictions. B. To highlight the productivity slowdown that America once suffered from. C. To imply that it will take a long time for AI to make an impact on economy. D. To describe a period in history that has greatly changed people’s perception. 44. What can be inferred from Paul David’s account of the electrification of industry? A. The design of workspace depends on the number of workers involved. B. Manufacturers are usually unwilling to put a technology into practice. C. Having a technology doesn’t necessarily mean people know what to do with it. D. History shows that people tend to reject a new technology when it first emerges. 45. According to the passage, the reason for the generation-boom after World War II was that ________. A. it took place after a terrible war B. it was based on old technologies C. it was driven by new technologies D. it took place during the age of discontinuity 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Historical Patterns Suggest Huge Economic Impact of AI B. AI May Bring about Great Change, but Probably Not Too Quickly C. Artificial Intelligence and the Slow Pace of Economic Development D. The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence: Lessons from Economists Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Living in the Valley We had been living in our valley for sixteen months when we first realised the dangers that could exist in the surrounding hills and threaten our very survival. Until that time, we had felt safe and sheltered in our valley below the protecting hills. Soon snow began to fall. Within a day it lay some 15 centimetres deep. It almost completely blocked out the lane and made the streamside path slippery and dangerous. But on the neighbouring heights the snow was much deeper and stayed for longer. Up there the wind was fierce. ____47____ And yet we knew that there was reason for us to worry. The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly. ____48____ It reminded us of what could have occurred if circumstances had been different if the flow of water from the hills had not, many years before, been controlled, held back by a series of dams. In a short time the snow started to melt. Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west Grey clouds extended over the valleys. ____49____ We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river, which every day was becoming fuller and wilder The snow was gradually washed away as more and more rain streamed from the clouds, but high up in the hills the reservoir (水库) was filling and was fast approaching danger level. And then it happened—for the first time in years the reservoir overflowed. There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below. ____50____ Just a couple of metres from our hut the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge. It was far deeper than we’d ever seen it so near our home, angrily striking its banks. For three days we prayed that it would stay below its walk. Fortunately, our prayers were answered as the dam held and the waters began to withdraw. A. We can thus enjoy, rather than fear, the huge clouds that hang over the valley. B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm. C. It was the year when the storms came early, before the calendar even hinted at winter. D. They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. E. It was the river, the Ryburn, which normally flowed so gently, that threatened us most. F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Offshore production The world’s consumption of fashion is huge. The European Union imported textiles (clothing and carpets) to the value of €83.7 billion in 2010. Prices have fallen, too, with hand-finished shirts costing less than five euros. To make clothes at these low prices, companies have to keep costs down. They use offshore production to do this. Large companies make their products in developing countries where workers are paid much less than in developed countries. A point that should be considered in that case is that developing countries encourage developed countries to invest in them to provide jobs. Supporters of overseas production point out that increased investment has positive effects in the long term. Nobel prize-winning economist Paul Krugman points out that the growth in manufacturing has an impact on the rest of the economy, because it reduces the number of people needing to work in agriculture and increases competition for labour. This leads to higher wages, which lead to other improvements, such as the ability to send children to school. On the other hand, the disadvantage of this foreign investment is the fact that it can have a negative impact on the economy of developed countries, because people lose their jobs when production is outsourced to other countries. It seems that if multinationals are going to benefit from low production costs by using overseas suppliers, they should do more to improve the social situation — for example, by building schools for the children in those communities. It is also clear that multinationals should invest in communities in the developed countries where they sell their products. In conclusion, there are clear benefits for the multinationals in terms of lower costs of production in developing countries and their workers, but they should still do more to protect the workers in overseas manufacturing plants. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题。(until) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这篇文章解释了为什么婴儿不能看电视。(out of reach) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 我们决定把这本书重新出版，作为我们致力于保护世界各地印刷品的一部分。(commitment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 即便在会议上提出这一建议有被开除的风险，这位员工思考再三还是决定冒险一试。(risk) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Carol的邮件。在邮件中，她提到在学习三年中文后，她想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合她阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1)你推荐的小说名字及该小说的主要内容； 2)你推荐该小说的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科4月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Europe’s greatest designs Ever played with Lego? Visited Ikea? Read the Moomin stories? ____1____ the answer to any of these is yes, then you have enjoyed Nordic design. The Nordic region, located in the far north of Europe, ____2____ (make) up of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Lego is a Danish company; Ikea shops first opened in Sweden; and the Moomins started life in Finland. Now, a new exhibition ____3____ the V&A Museum of Childhood, in London, is celebrating this region. Century of the Child: Nordic Design for Children 1900 to Today will take visitors through the 100 years ____4____ proved to be a productive period for children and playtime. One of the things you can see — and play with — is a mini puckelbal pitch. This unpredictable ball game from Sweden uses a bumpy surface, crooked lines and different-sized goals ____5____ (ensure) that people of all ages and abilities can play at the same level. Other unusual objects include a toy made from fish bones and a dolls’ house made from forest waste, ____6____ of which demonstrate creative ways of using eco-friendly materials. The exhibition will also have a section ____7____ (explore) how a “junk playground” in 1940s Denmark inspired adventure playgrounds in the UK. The exhibition’s title comes from a book ____8____ (write) in 1900 by a Swedish author called Ellen Key. She believed that during the 20th century, adults ____9____ (focus) more attention on their children than they had in the previous century. Key wanted adults to make more of an effort to improve children’s creativity and education. She died in 1926, but would no doubt have been proud to see _____10_____ her ideas helped shape this exhibition. 【答案】1. If 2. is made 3. at 4. that##which 5. to ensure 6. both 7. exploring 8. written 9. would focus 10. how 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍伦敦V&A儿童博物馆举办的一场北欧儿童设计主题展览，讲解北欧设计的代表作品、展览展品、灵感来源以及背后的儿童教育理念。 【1题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如果这些问题中任意一个的答案是肯定的，那么你就已经领略过北欧设计的魅力。the answer to any of these is yes表示条件，此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，用连词If，句首首字母大写。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：北欧地区位于欧洲的远北地带，由丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典组成。be made up of为固定搭配，意为“由……组成”；主语The Nordic region是单数，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，be动词用is，make的过去分词为made。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今，伦敦V&A儿童博物馆的一场新展览正在赞颂这一地区。这里表示“在V&A儿童博物馆”，相对于伦敦，博物馆为小地点，用介词at。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“儿童的世纪：1900年至今的北欧儿童设计”将带领参观者走过这一百年，事实证明这一百年对于儿童与玩乐时光来说是一个成果丰硕的时期。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the 100 years，指事物，定语从句缺少主语，可用关系代词that/which引导。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这款来自瑞典的变幻莫测的球类游戏使用凹凸不平的场地、弯曲的界线和大小不一的球门，来确保不同年龄、不同能力的人都可以在同等水平下游玩。此处用不定式to ensure作目的状语，表示游戏设施设计所要达成的目的。 【6题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：其他特别的展品包括一个鱼骨制成的玩具和一个森林废料搭建的玩偶屋，这两样展品都展示了使用环保材料的创新方式。空格后有of which，此处指代前面提到的两样物品（一个鱼骨制成的玩具和一个森林废料搭建的玩偶屋），both of which表示“两者都”，引导非限制性定语从句。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览还设有一个展区，探究20世纪40年代丹麦的一处“废品游乐场”如何启发了英国的冒险游乐场。名词section和动词explore之间是主动关系，用现在分词exploring作后置定语修饰section。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个展览的名称源自瑞典作家爱伦·凯在1900年写的一本书。book和write之间是被动关系，表示“被写的书”，用过去分词written作后置定语。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：她相信在20世纪，成年人会比上个世纪更加关注他们的孩子。主句为一般过去时，宾语从句描述从过去视角看将来会发生的动作，使用过去将来时，即would focus。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她于1926年去世，但倘若看到自己的理念是如何帮助促成这场展览的，她无疑会感到骄傲。此处引导宾语从句，表达“如何”，用连接副词how引导从句，在从句中作方式状语。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. clearance B. comprehensive C. conservation D. counted E. habitat F. mixed G. respectively H. stable I. surrounded J. sustainably K. undiscovered Orangutan (猩猩) numbers recover in well-managed forests An airborne survey of endangered orangutans in Sabah, the Malaysian state in the northeast of Borneo, has found that populations have stabilised within well-managed forests but are still in decline in areas with extensive palm oil plantations (棕榈油种植园). The study was carried out by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is the biggest, most ____11____ survey of orangutans in Borneo to date. The large areas of lowland forest in Sabah is the best ____12____ for orangutans. However, over the past 50 years extensive logging and land ____13____ for agriculture had led to a great decline in their numbers. The researchers surveyed an area almost 5,500 km wide. Based on the number of tree-borne nests ____14____ they estimate that there are almost 10,000 orangutans living in the area. This includes more than 1,500 previously ____15____ animals spread out in small groups. The majority of orangutans, around 5,550, were found living within ____16____ managed forests or in the central uplands away from the loggers. The numbers in this area have remained ____17____ since 2002, suggesting that conservation efforts are proving successful. In contrast, orangutan numbers in forests ____18____ by extensive areas of palm oil plantations have fallen by as much as 30 percent. “A recent survey on orangutan populations in Sabah, northeast Borneo showed a(n) ____19____ picture from different regions,” said the World Wide Fund for Nature’s Donna Simon. “However, overall the research shows that they have maintained the same numbers over the last 15 years and can remain so as long as proper _____20_____ measures continue to be put in place.” 【答案】11. B 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. K 16. J 17. H 18. I 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍一项调查研究发现，管理得当的森林里猩猩种群数量趋于稳定，但被棕榈油种植园包围的区域猩猩数量大幅下降，研究同时发现一批此前未被发现的猩猩个体，表明保护措施有效，需要继续落实保护工作。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这项由世界自然基金会开展的研究，是迄今为止针对婆罗洲猩猩规模最大、最全面的调查。根据“survey of orangutans in Borneo to date”可知，空处用形容词修饰survey，指规模最大、最全面的调查，comprehensive表示“全面的”。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：沙巴洲大片的低地森林是猩猩最好的栖息地。根据“The large areas of lowland forest in Sabah ”可知，森林是猩猩生存栖息的场所，habitat意为“栖息地”。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而在过去50年间，大规模伐木以及为农业进行的土地清理，造成猩猩数量大幅下降。根据“for agriculture had led to a great decline in their numbers”可知，land clearance为固定搭配，意为“土地清理、土地开垦”，对应人类破坏猩猩生存环境的行为。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：根据统计到的树上巢穴数量，他们估算该地区生活着近一万只猩猩。根据“the number of tree‑borne nests”可知，巢穴的数量是统计出来的，nests和count(计数)是被动关系，过去分词counted作后置定语。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这其中包含1500多只之前未被发现的猩猩，它们以小群体分散生活。根据“previously”和“animals spread out in small groups.”可知，小群体分散的动物应该是之前未被发现的，用形容词undiscovered修饰名词animals，undiscovered意为“未被发现的”。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：大多数猩猩（约5550只）被发现生活在得到可持续管理的森林，或是远离伐木者的中部高地。根据“managed forests”可知，猩猩生活在得到可持续管理的森林中，应用副词修饰过去分词managed，sustainably意为“可持续地”。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该区域的猩猩数量自2002年以来一直保持稳定，说明保护工作证明取得成功。remain后接形容词作表语，根据“conservation efforts are proving successful”可知，猩猩数量保持稳定，stable意为“稳定的”。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：与之对比，被大片棕榈油种植园包围的森林中，猩猩数量下降高达30%。根据“by extensive areas of palm oil plantations”可知，森林周围是大片棕榈油种植园，forests和surround(包围)是被动关系，surrounded by作后置定语，意为“被……包围”。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“最近一项针对婆罗洲东北部沙巴洲的猩猩种群的调查显示，不同地区情况喜忧参半。”世界自然基金会的唐娜·西蒙说道。根据“picture from different regions”可知，不同地区情况好坏不一，mixed意为“混杂的，喜忧参半的”，作定语修饰picture。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：不过总体研究表明过去15年猩猩数量维持原有数量，只要持续落实恰当的保护措施，就可以维持现状。根据“proper”和“measures continue to be put in place”可知，此处指恰当的保护措施，conservation measures为固定搭配，意为“保护措施”。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. At 3.45 a.m. on a rainy morning in May two years ago, I got up, and headed down to a street market in London to meet Phil, my school friend and business partner. On arriving there, I found him setting up the stall with our meal kits: boxes with all the fresh ingredients already chopped, washed and weighed. That was it. After months of painstaking planning, our task was simple: ____21____ the books and theory, make up our products and get them into the kitchens of paying customers. Neither of us had had any previous business experience. We had, ____22____, followed the advice of countless start-up guides and new business courses for those just starting out: we had written a business plan, identified market trends and developed a ____23____. Phil and I had also organised focus groups to try out early products and set up an online questionnaire. While this sort of research was ____24____, we were faced with a slight problem. On the basis of our research findings, we’d have 95 per cent of adults buying our products at a cost of £6 per go, at least four nights a week. This gave us confidence that our ____25____ was a good one. However, it also highlighted that maybe we’d missed something, that there were clearly some fundamental questions that hadn’t been answered and couldn’t be ____26____ in this way: Was our product right? Would people ____27____ buy it? This ____28____ that the proof of the pudding is in the eating, led us to the 3.45 a.m. wake-up calls and a real drive to test our products on the ____29____ public. ____30____ we landed on our feet, selling 100 meals on our first day of trading. And despite a few nail-biting initial hours after the market opened, our rather ____31____ promotional activity (literally grabbing customers off the street) finally paid off. To our great delight, we sold out by the end of the day. Above and beyond the ____32____ sales figures, the insights gained from the first day were so useful that we kept our stall at Whitecross Street Market for three months. Looking back, we would not ____33____ any other approach to businesses that are launching products for the first time. The most valuable aspect of our experience in the street market was that it allowed us to communicate with our customers on a daily basis and respond to their feedback on our products, marketing and pricing ____34____. Over the three months, we were able to take many small-scale risks and experiment with many different recipes (配方), points of sale and kinds of messaging, allowing us to develop those that worked and give up those that proved ____35____. 21. A. hand out B. take over C. put away D. get across 22. A. though B. besides C. rather D. otherwise 23. A. proposal B. product C. reputation D. tendency 24. A. impersonal B. impractical C. innovative D. invaluable 25. A. research B. plan C. basis D. group 26. A. tested B. raised C. missed D. covered 27. A. terribly B. scarcely C. actually D. gratefully 28. A. limitation B. assumption C. progression D. realisation 29. A. paying B. satisfying C. telling D. knowing 30. A. Humbly B. Additionally C. Fortunately D. Virtually 31. A. direct B. seasonal C. passive D. forceless 32. A. insulting B. puzzling C. pleasing D. remaining 33. A. evaluate B. recommend C. compare D. commit 34. A. to a small degree B. for financial purposes C. on common ground D. in real time 35. A. expensive B. unpopular C. artificial D. dangerous 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】作者和伙伴初次创业，先做线上调研，后来去街边市集实地售卖测试产品，收获实时反馈、不断优化产品，认为实地测试是新品创业的好方式。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：经过数月精心筹备，我们的任务很简单：把书本理论放到一边，制作产品，送到付费顾客的厨房里。A. hand out分发；B. take over接管；C. put away把……收起来、搁置；D. get across使理解。根据后文“make up our products and get them into the kitchens of paying customers”可知，他们不再停留在理论而是实践，即要抛开理论实操，put away贴合语境。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：不过，我们听从了无数创业指南和新手创业课程的建议：我们写了商业计划书，确定市场趋势，研发了一款产品。A. though不过，然而；B. besides此外；C. rather相当；D. otherwise否则。根据上一段“Neither of us had had any previous business experience”以及语境可知，此处指两人没有创业经验，不过还是做了一系列调研准备。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：不过，我们听从了无数创业指南和新手创业课程的建议：我们写了商业计划书，确定市场趋势，研发了一款产品。A. proposal提案；B. product产品；C. reputation名声；D. tendency趋势。根据后文“try out early products”可知，此处指他们研发产品，product是原词复现，贴合语境。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这类研究虽然十分宝贵，但我们遇到了一个小问题。A. impersonal缺乏人情味的；B. impractical不切实际的；C. innovative创新的；D. invaluable极宝贵的。根据后文转折“we were faced with a slight problem”可知，此处指调研本身是有价值的。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：这让我们相信我们的计划很不错。A. research研究；B. plan计划；C. basis基础；D. group小组。根据前文“we had written a business plan”以及语境可知，此处指调研结果给了他们对这份商业计划的信心。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，这也表明我们或许遗漏了一些东西，显然有一些根本问题没有得到解答，也无法通过这种方式验证。A. tested测试，验证；B. raised提出；C. missed错过；D. covered覆盖。根据后文“the proof of the pudding is in the eating, led us to the 3.45 a.m. wake-up calls and a real drive to test our products”可知，此处指线上调研无法验证核心问题。 【27题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们的产品合适吗？人们真的会买吗？A. terribly非常；B. scarcely几乎不；C. actually实际上，真的；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“Was our product right?”以及语境可知，这里是质疑人们实际上会不会购买产品，actually贴合语境。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：意识到“实践出真知”这个道理后，我们凌晨三点四十五起床，迫切地想要在付费公众面前测试产品。A. limitation局限；B. assumption假设；C. progression进展；D. realisation认识，意识到。根据后文“the proof of the pudding is in the eating”以及语境可知，此处指是这个认知促使他们去市场实地测试。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：意识到“实践出真知”这个道理后，我们凌晨三点四十五起床，迫切地想要在付费公众面前测试产品。A. paying付费的；B. satisfying令人满意的；C. telling有效的；D. knowing知情的。根据第一段“get them into the kitchens of paying customers”可知，此处指面向付费的顾客，paying是原词复现，符合语境。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我们站稳了脚跟，开业第一天就卖出100份套餐。A. Humbly谦逊地；B. Additionally此外；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Virtually几乎。根据后文“selling 100 meals on our first day of trading”可知，首日销量不错，是一件幸运的事。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：开市最初几小时让人捏一把汗，但我们相当直接的推广方式——说白了就是在街上招揽顾客，最终奏效了。A. direct直接的；B. seasonal季节性的；C. passive被动的；D. forceless无力的。根据后文“literally grabbing customers off the street”可知，这种拉客方式十分直接。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除了喜人销量之外，第一天收获的见解十分有用，所以我们在怀特克罗斯街市集摆摊三个月。A. insulting侮辱的；B. puzzling令人困惑的；C. pleasing令人满意的、喜人的；D. remaining剩余的。根据前文“we sold out by the end of the day”可知，当天售罄，销量喜人，pleasing贴合语境。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：回想起来，对于首次推出产品的创业项目，我们不会推荐其他方式。A. evaluate评估；B. recommend推荐；C. compare比较；D. commit承诺。根据前文“the insights gained from the first day were so useful”可知，作者肯定市集实地测试的方式，不会推荐别的办法。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：市集经历最宝贵之处在于，我们可以每天和顾客交流，实时回应他们关于产品、营销和定价的反馈。A. to a small degree在很小程度上；B. for financial purposes出于盈利目的；C. on common ground有共同立场；D. in real time实时。根据前文“communicate with our customers on a daily basis”可知，此处指面对面可以实时收到反馈。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：三个月里，我们小规模试错，尝试不同配方、售卖点和宣传方式，保留有效的方案，放弃那些不受欢迎的方案。A. expensive昂贵的；B. unpopular不受欢迎的；C. artificial人造的；D. dangerous危险的。根据前文“develop those that worked and give up those”以及语境可知，此处指放弃行不通、不受欢迎的方案。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） In Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transport fares have been cut in half. In London politicians leave passive-aggressive notes on civil servants' desks telling them to turn up for work and beg people to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, the mayor of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example by riding the subway. None of it seems to be working. The subway is only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19. Auckland's bus system was half as busy in April as it was three years earlier. People have not given up public transport for the private kind. They are simply moving around less. Although travel is likely to recover a little further, a return to the pre-pandemic pattern seems impossible. One clue is that not all journeys have declined. Parisians made more shopping trips last summer than they did before Covid appeared. In New York Sunday travel has held up better than weekday travel. What has collapsed is rush-hour commuting, particularly among well-paid workers in the knowledge economy. That suggests the change in behaviour is caused not by fear of infection-which might be expected to diminish over time — but by a fundamental resetting of work habits. Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start building transport systems to match. Big cities particularly are rooted in the idea that urban travel is like an asterisk, with people squeezing onto radial (放射状) roads and railway lines. Travel is now more like a spiderweb. People take fewer, often shorter journeys along thinner routes; they move to the side, as well as in and out. That explains why buses, which are often used for short journeys, have emptied out less drastically than commuter trains (通勤列车). Now that people travel less predictably, there is a stronger case for innovations such as on-demand buses and "mobility as a service" which weaves together public transport and personal modes such as taxis and hired bikes. These make better use of the existing infrastructure, and come closer to the convenience of cars. British cities need to do something more basic, by integrating their public-transport networks. Outside London, they tend to have many bus companies, some railway lines and perhaps a tram system, all doing their own thing. The result is confusion and often greater cost for the public. 36. Paragraph 1 is intended to A. publicize the public transport in major cities B. reveal the trouble the public transport faces C. introduce the ways to save the public transport D. compare the effectiveness of different measures 37. Why is public transport used less than before? A. People prefer to drive to their workplaces. B. People are losing interest in travelling around. C. People are fearful of getting infected with the virus. D. People have basically changed their working habits. 38. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. People commute by bus more often than before. B. The travel industry has recovered from the pandemic. C. The public transport is not as busy as it used to be during rush hours. D. The knowledge economy has changed the way people commute to work. 39. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To analyse the impacts of Covid-19 on global transport. B. To describe the current situation of the public transport in big cities. C. To urge big cities to adjust their public systems to the new reality. D. To find out the ways to attract more people to use public transport. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要分析大城市公共交通客流下滑根源，并呼吁调整交通体系适应新出行现状。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, public-transport fares have been cut in half. In London politicians leave passive-aggressive notes on civil servants' desks telling them to turn up for work and beg people to start going back to the office. Eric Adams, the mayor of New York, has asked bank bosses to set an example by riding the subway. None of it seems to be working. The subway is only two-thirds as busy as it was before covid-19.(在新西兰最大的城市奥克兰，公共交通票价已经减半。在伦敦，政客们在公务员的办公桌上留下带有消极施压意味的便条，要求他们到岗上班，恳请大家重返办公室。纽约市长埃里克・亚当斯也要求银行高管以身作则，搭乘地铁通勤。但这些举措似乎都收效甚微。地铁客流量仅为新冠疫情之前的三分之二。)” 可知，第一段列举多个城市采取措施挽救公共交通却收效甚微的例子，揭示公共交通面临的困境。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “That suggests the change in behaviour is caused not by fear of infection-which might be expected to diminish over time — but by a fundamental resetting of work habits.(这表明这种出行行为的改变并非源于对感染的恐惧（这种恐惧本会随时间消退），而是工作习惯发生了根本性重塑。)” 可知，公共交通使用减少是因为人们的工作习惯已经发生根本性改变。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What has collapsed is rush-hour commuting, particularly among well-paid workers in the knowledge economy.(急剧减少的是高峰时段通勤出行，尤其是知识经济领域高薪上班族的通勤。)” 可知，高峰时段公共交通不再像从前那样繁忙。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Rich countries should accept this new reality, and start building transport systems to match. Big cities particularly are rooted in the idea that urban travel is like an asterisk, with people squeezing onto radial (放射状) roads and railway lines.(发达国家应当接受这一新现实，并着手建设与之适配的交通系统。大城市的规划理念尤其基于这样一种认知：城市出行就像一个星号，人们沿着放射状的公路与轨道交通线路涌向市中心。)”以及最后一段“British cities need to do something more basic, by integrating their public-transport networks. Outside London, they tend to have many bus companies, some railway lines and perhaps a tram system, all doing their own thing.(英国城市还需要落实一项更基础的举措：整合公共交通网络。在伦敦以外地区，往往存在多家巴士公司、若干铁路线路，或许还有有轨电车系统，各方各自运营、互不协同。)” 可知，文章重在呼吁大城市根据新的出行现实调整公共交通体系。 （B） When we are trying to persuade people in formal speaking and writing, it is important to state a clear thesis. A thesis is the main point that we want to persuade our audience about. It states a position we are taking, and which we will present arguments to support. For example, someone might write to a clothes manufacturer with the thesis: The working conditions in your factory should be improved. What are the features of a good thesis? GOOD THESIS: It is just as important for girls to go to school as it is for boys. This thesis is something that we can make a case for, that we can argue. Some people might think that girls will just get married and have a family, so they don’t need to have an education. Other people think that there are good reasons for women to be educated. BAD THESIS: Girls get higher marks in high school English exams. This is a weak thesis because it just states a fact. No reasonable person would disagree after they are shown the evidence, so there is no reason to argue for it. BAD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water, and they need a maternal health clinic. This thesis has two ideas, not one. We can persuade people better by separating these points. One essay or speech can persuade the reader that education about clean drinking water is important, and the other essay or speech can try to convince people of the need for a maternal health clinic. GOOD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water. There is one clear point to this thesis — that people need to learn about clean drinking water. BAD THESIS: Australia has a lot of problems. This thesis is too broad. Australia is a very big country with many things to talk about. If you try to cover unequal distribution of wealth, agriculture, the environment, education and pollution in the cities, your essay will need hundreds of pages of evidence to persuade people. BETTER THESIS: Australia’s climate has caused many problems. This thesis is better because it is more specific. Now you only need to find evidence for the effects of Australia’s climate and how this can be related to the problems faced by Australians. You can talk about the other points another time. 40. Which of the following statements is a thesis? A. Fish supply in the ocean is declining. B. The summer vacation starts next Monday. C. It would be a good decision for your company to hire me. D. The city skyline is filled with towering skyscrapers and architectural marvels. 41. Put the features (a‑c) in the order of the examples they explain in the passage. a. A good thesis is specific. b. A good thesis clearly states a position on an issue that people have different views on. c. A good thesis focuses on one main point. A. c→b→a B. b→c→a C. a→c→b D. b→a→c 42. According to the last feature of a good thesis, which of the following thesis statements is the improved version of the thesis statement: Australia has a lot of problems? A. Australia’s climate has drawn many tourists. B. Australia’s climate is changing greatly nowadays. C. Australia has a lot of problems caused by its climate. D. Australia has done a lot to address its climate problems. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了议论文写作与正式演说中“中心论点(thesis)”的定义，并且通过正反示例讲解优秀中心论点的三大特征：可辩论、只围绕一个核心观点、表述具体不宽泛。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A thesis is the main point that we want to persuade our audience about. It states a position we are taking, and which we will present arguments to support.(论点是我们想要说服听众的核心观点，它表明我们所持的立场，我们会给出论据来支撑该立场)”可知，论点不是客观事实，而是带有立场、需要说服他人的主张。A.海洋鱼类供应量正在下降（客观事实）；B.下周一放暑假（客观事实）；C.贵公司聘用我将会是一个明智的决定（个人立场，试图说服对方，需要论据支撑）；D.城市天际线布满高楼与建筑奇观（客观事实）。A、B、D均为陈述客观事实，不属于论点。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。第二段中的“GOOD THESIS: It is just as important for girls to go to school as it is for boys. This thesis is something that we can make a case for, that we can argue.(好的论点：女孩上学与男孩一样重要。这个论点是可以论证、可以辩论的)”对应特征“b. A good thesis clearly states a position on an issue that people have different views on.(优秀论点针对存在争议的问题清晰表明立场)”；第三段中的“BAD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water, and they need a maternal health clinic. This thesis has two ideas, not one.(糟糕的论点：我们村子里的人需要了解清洁饮用水的重要性，还需要建立妇幼保健诊所。这个论点包含两个想法，而不是一个)”及“GOOD THESIS: People in our village need to be educated about clean drinking water. There is one clear point to this thesis — that people need to learn about clean drinking water.(好的论点：我们村的人需要接受关于清洁饮用水的教育。这个论点有一个明确的观点——人们必须了解清洁饮用水的重要性)”对应特征“c. A good thesis focuses on one main point.(优秀论点聚焦单一核心观点)”；最后一段中的“BAD THESIS: Australia has a lot of problems. This thesis is too broad.(糟糕的论点：澳大利亚有很多问题。这个论点过于宽泛)”及“BETTER THESIS: Australia's climate has caused many problems. This thesis is better because it is more specific.(改良论点：澳大利亚的气候造成许多问题，该论点更好，因为它更加具体)”对应特征“a. A good thesis is specific.(优秀论点表述具体)”。匹配顺序：b→c→a。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“BAD THESIS: Australia has a lot of problems. This thesis is too broad.(糟糕的论点：澳大利亚有很多问题。这个论点过于宽泛)”及“BETTER THESIS: Australia’s climate has caused many problems. This thesis is better because it is more specific.(改良论点：澳大利亚的气候造成许多问题，该论点更好，因为它更加具体)”可知，改写后的论点要保留“存在问题”的核心，同时限定在气候这一具体范围。 （C） Like previous leaps in technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) will make the economy more productive but will also probably hurt some workers whose skills have been devalued. But this time around, how quickly will these effects come about? History may provide an answer. Consider the effects of previous advances in computing. Gordon Moore was famous for his prediction that the number of transistors (晶体管) on a computer chip would double every two years. The consequences of Moore’s Law are most obvious in the powerful computers and smartphones that almost everyone carries around these days. However, for at least two decades after Moore’s Law kicked in, America suffered from a productivity slowdown. The boom kicked in only during the 1990s. Why did the advancement in computing power take so long to pay off for the economy? In 1990 the economic historian Paul David published “The Dynamo and the Computer.” It drew a parallel between the effects of information technology and those of an earlier tech revolution, the electrification of industry. As David noted, electric motors became widely available in the 1890s. But to take full advantage of electrification, manufacturers had to rethink the design of factories. Pre-electric factories were multistory buildings with crowded working spaces, because that was necessary to make efficient use of a steam engine in the basement driving the machines in the production system. It took time to realize that having each machine driven by its own motor made it possible to have one-story factories with wide space allowing easy movement of materials. As a result, the big productivity gains from electrification didn’t materialize until after World War I. Sure enough, as David, in effect, predicted, the economic payoff from information technology finally kicked in during the 1990s, as secretaries taking dictation finally gave way to cubicle (小隔间) offices. But this history still presents a few puzzles. One is why the first productivity boom from information technology was so short-lived; basically it lasted only around a decade. And even while it lasted, productivity growth during the IT boom was no higher than it was during the generation-long boom after World War II, which didn’t seem to be driven by any new technology. In 1969 the management consultant Peter Drucker published The Age of Discontinuity, whose title implies that the previous period of extraordinary economic growth was actually an age of continuity. Or to put it another way, the great boom from the 1940s to around 1970 seems to have been largely based on the use of technologies that had been around for decades, which should make us less confident in trying to use recent technological developments to predict economic growth. That’s not to say that artificial intelligence won’t have huge economic impacts. But history suggests that they won’t come quickly. ChatGPT and whatever follows are probably an economic story for the 2030s, not for the next few years. 43. Why did the writer mention Gordon Moore and his famous prediction? A. To introduce one of the most accurate tech-related predictions. B. To highlight the productivity slowdown that America once suffered from. C. To imply that it will take a long time for AI to make an impact on economy. D. To describe a period in history that has greatly changed people’s perception. 44. What can be inferred from Paul David’s account of the electrification of industry? A. The design of workspace depends on the number of workers involved. B. Manufacturers are usually unwilling to put a technology into practice. C. Having a technology doesn’t necessarily mean people know what to do with it. D. History shows that people tend to reject a new technology when it first emerges. 45. According to the passage, the reason for the generation-boom after World War II was that ________. A. it took place after a terrible war B. it was based on old technologies C. it was driven by new technologies D. it took place during the age of discontinuity 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Historical Patterns Suggest Huge Economic Impact of AI B. AI May Bring about Great Change, but Probably Not Too Quickly C. Artificial Intelligence and the Slow Pace of Economic Development D. The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence: Lessons from Economists 【答案】43. C 44. C 45. B 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文作者以电气化、计算机技术的发展历史为依据，说明人工智能虽然会给经济带来重大影响，但这种影响不会很快到来，AI 的经济红利需要较长时间才能显现。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, for at least two decades after Moore’s Law kicked in, America suffered from a productivity slowdown. The boom kicked in only during the 1990s.(然而，在摩尔定律生效之后，美国至少经历了二十年的生产率放缓，经济繁荣直到 20 世纪 90 年代才到来。)”以及全文主旨、最后一段“But history suggests that they won’t come quickly. ChatGPT and whatever follows are probably an economic story for the 2030s, not for the next few years.(但历史告诉我们，这些影响不会很快到来。ChatGPT以及后续诞生的相关技术，其经济价值或许要等到 2030年代才会显现，而不是在未来几年。)”可知，作者提及Gordon Moore以及他的预言，是用计算机技术发展的历史案例暗示人工智能要对经济产生影响需要很长时间。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“As David noted, electric motors became widely available in the 1890s. But to take full advantage of electrification, manufacturers had to rethink the design of factories.(正如戴维所说，电动机在 19 世纪 90 年代就已经普及。但想要充分发挥电气化的优势，制造商必须重新设计工厂布局。)”和第三段“It took time to realize that having each machine driven by its own motor made it possible to have one-story factories with wide space allowing easy movement of materials.(人们花了很长时间才意识到：如果每台机器配备独立电机，就可以修建单层厂房，拥有宽敞空间，方便物料运送。)”可知，从保罗·戴维关于工业电气化的叙述中可以推断出，拥有一项新技术，并不代表人们立刻知道如何充分利用它。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Or to put it another way, the great boom from the 1940s to around 1970 seems to have been largely based on the use of technologies that had been around for decades, which should make us less confident in trying to use recent technological developments to predict economic growth.(换言之，20世纪40年代到70年代前后的这场经济大繁荣，很大程度上依托已经问世数十年的技术。这也提醒我们，不要轻易用近期的技术发展去预判经济增长。)”可知，二战后持续了一代人时间的经济繁荣建立在旧技术之上。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Like previous leaps in technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) will make the economy more productive but will also probably hurt some workers whose skills have been devalued. But this time around, how quickly will these effects come about? History may provide an answer.(和以往的技术飞跃一样，人工智能（AI）将会提升经济的生产效率，但同时也可能冲击一部分技能贬值的劳动者。但这一次，这些影响会多快显现？历史或许能给我们答案。)”和最后一段“Or to put it another way, the great boom from the 1940s to around 1970 seems to have been largely based on the use of technologies that had been around for decades, which should make us less confident in trying to use recent technological developments to predict economic growth. That’s not to say that artificial intelligence won’t have huge economic impacts. But history suggests that they won’t come quickly. ChatGPT and whatever follows are probably an economic story for the 2030s, not for the next few years.(换言之，20世纪40年代到70年代前后的这场经济大繁荣，很大程度上依托已经问世数十年的技术。这也提醒我们，不要轻易用近期的技术发展去预判经济增长。这并不是说人工智能不会产生巨大的经济影响。但历史告诉我们，这些影响不会很快到来。ChatGPT以及后续诞生的相关技术，其经济价值或许要等到 2030 年代才会显现，而不是在未来几年。)”可知，文章通过回顾电气化、信息技术的历史经验，指出人工智能虽会带来巨大经济变革，但它对经济产生实际影响不会很快到来。B选项“AI May Bring about Great Change, but Probably Not Too Quickly(人工智能或许会带来巨大变革，但或许不会太快)”完整概括文章中心，可作为最好的标题。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Living in the Valley We had been living in our valley for sixteen months when we first realised the dangers that could exist in the surrounding hills and threaten our very survival. Until that time, we had felt safe and sheltered in our valley below the protecting hills. Soon snow began to fall. Within a day it lay some 15 centimetres deep. It almost completely blocked out the lane and made the streamside path slippery and dangerous. But on the neighbouring heights the snow was much deeper and stayed for longer. Up there the wind was fierce. ____47____ And yet we knew that there was reason for us to worry. The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly. ____48____ It reminded us of what could have occurred if circumstances had been different if the flow of water from the hills had not, many years before, been controlled, held back by a series of dams. In a short time the snow started to melt. Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west Grey clouds extended over the valleys. ____49____ We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river, which every day was becoming fuller and wilder The snow was gradually washed away as more and more rain streamed from the clouds, but high up in the hills the reservoir (水库) was filling and was fast approaching danger level. And then it happened—for the first time in years the reservoir overflowed. There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below. ____50____ Just a couple of metres from our hut the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge. It was far deeper than we’d ever seen it so near our home, angrily striking its banks. For three days we prayed that it would stay below its walk. Fortunately, our prayers were answered as the dam held and the waters began to withdraw. A. We can thus enjoy, rather than fear, the huge clouds that hang over the valley. B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm. C. It was the year when the storms came early, before the calendar even hinted at winter. D. They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. E. It was the river, the Ryburn, which normally flowed so gently, that threatened us most. F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. 【答案】47. B 48. A 49. D 50. F 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者描绘了住在山谷里的情形，虽然那里有雨雪狂风和洪水，但是自从有了水坝之后，这个地方变得安全起来。 【47题详解】 根据前一句“Up there the wind was fierce.”可知，作者此处描述了山风，上面的风是猛烈的，而在作者所居住的山谷里，风过处，有惊无险。并与下文“The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly”呼应。选项B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm(在山谷深处，我们只感到一阵阵风突如其来;树在摇摆，但树枝坚挺)符合语境，故选B。 【48题详解】 根据上一句“The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly.”可知，雪和风确实给我们带来不便，但实际上并没有给我们带来多大的麻烦。因此，作者面对突至的风雪并不担心，甚至可以安心享受，故选A。 【49题详解】 根据下一句“We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river…”可知，作者描述所看到的天上的情形，再根据上一句“Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west Grey clouds extended over the valleys.”中，每天作者都在观察云的动向，选项D中“they”与前文中的“clouds”为代指关系，“They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. (它们扭来扭去，向东向上上升，预告着即将发生的事情。)”符合语境，故选D。 【50题详解】 根据空格前一句“There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below.”和后一句“Just a couple of metres from our hut the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge.”可知，作者以空间顺序描写了水库泄洪时，水流狂奔而下的情形，选项F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. (这条河似乎发狂了，洪水几乎是水平地向下游倾泻而下。)符合语境，故选F。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Offshore production The world’s consumption of fashion is huge. The European Union imported textiles (clothing and carpets) to the value of €83.7 billion in 2010. Prices have fallen, too, with hand-finished shirts costing less than five euros. To make clothes at these low prices, companies have to keep costs down. They use offshore production to do this. Large companies make their products in developing countries where workers are paid much less than in developed countries. A point that should be considered in that case is that developing countries encourage developed countries to invest in them to provide jobs. Supporters of overseas production point out that increased investment has positive effects in the long term. Nobel prize-winning economist Paul Krugman points out that the growth in manufacturing has an impact on the rest of the economy, because it reduces the number of people needing to work in agriculture and increases competition for labour. This leads to higher wages, which lead to other improvements, such as the ability to send children to school. On the other hand, the disadvantage of this foreign investment is the fact that it can have a negative impact on the economy of developed countries, because people lose their jobs when production is outsourced to other countries. It seems that if multinationals are going to benefit from low production costs by using overseas suppliers, they should do more to improve the social situation — for example, by building schools for the children in those communities. It is also clear that multinationals should invest in communities in the developed countries where they sell their products. In conclusion, there are clear benefits for the multinationals in terms of lower costs of production in developing countries and their workers, but they should still do more to protect the workers in overseas manufacturing plants. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Large companies have their products produced in developing countries because of the low pay there, thus lowering the costs. The economy of developing countries benefits while the economy of developed countries may suffer to some degree. The companies can profit from this approach, but more needs to be done to protect the workers there. (54 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了服装行业离岸生产的原因、它给发展中国家和发达国家带来的不同影响，以及对跨国公司提出的相关要求。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①To make clothes at these low prices, companies have to keep costs down. They use offshore production to do this. ②A point that should be considered in that case is that developing countries encourage developed countries to invest in them to provide jobs. ③Supporters of overseas production point out that increased investment has positive effects in the long term.  ④On the other hand, the disadvantage of this foreign investment is the fact that it can have a negative impact on the economy of developed countries, because people lose their jobs when production is outsourced to other countries. ⑤It seems that if multinationals are going to benefit from low production costs by using overseas suppliers, they should do more to improve the social situation. ⑥In conclusion, there are clear benefits for the multinationals in terms of lower costs of production in developing countries and their workers, but they should still do more to protect the workers in overseas manufacturing plants. 2.缜密构思 将①②两个要点进行重组，交代离岸生产的背景和缘由；将③④要点进行整合，概括离岸生产对两类国家经济带来的不同影响；⑤⑥要点整合，提炼文章结尾的观点，点明跨国公司应当承担更多责任。 3.遣词造句 Many fashion companies turn to offshore production in developing countries to cut costs. Offshore production brings long-term benefits to developing countries yet may harm the economy of developed ones. Multinationals should take further action to protect overseas workers while gaining benefits from low production costs. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Large companies have their products produced in developing countries because of the low pay there, thus lowering the costs. (运用了thus doing作结果状语) 【高分句型2】The economy of developing countries benefits while the economy of developed countries may suffer to some degree. (运用了while引导并列句表对比) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题。(until) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We shouldn’t start the project until we address these issues. 【解析】 【详解】本句应用not...until固定句型，意为“直到……才”，until引导的从句表将来动作，应用一般现在时表示一般将来时；“我们”英文表达为We，作主语，位于句首首字母大写；“不应该”英文表达为shouldn’t，后接动词原形；“项目开始”可以转述为“开始项目”，在句中作谓语，英文表达为start the project；“直到”英文表达为until，引导时间状语从句；“我们”英文表达为we，在从句中作主语；“解决这些问题”英文表达为address these issues，句子时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 53. 这篇文章解释了为什么婴儿不能看电视。(out of reach) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This essay explains why TV should be kept out of the reach of babies. 【解析】 【详解】“这篇文章”表达为this essay，作主语；“解释”表达为explain，本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；“为什么……”作explain的宾语，用why引导宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序；“婴儿不能看电视”可表达为TV should be kept out of the reach of babies。 54. 我们决定把这本书重新出版，作为我们致力于保护世界各地印刷品的一部分。(commitment) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We have decided to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. 【解析】 【详解】本句强调已经做出决定这个结果，用现在完成时。“我们决定”译为We have decided，“把这本书重新出版”可用bring the book back into print，是固定搭配，不定式作宾语；“作为……的一部分”译为as part of；“我们致力于保护”选用our continuing commitment to the preservation of，commitment后接介词to表示“对……的投入、承诺”；“世界各地印刷品”译为printed works worldwide，worldwide作后置定语。 55. 即便在会议上提出这一建议有被开除的风险，这位员工思考再三还是决定冒险一试。(risk) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Even if putting forward the suggestion at the conference risked being dismissed, the employee thought twice and decided to take the risk. 【解析】 【详解】句子叙述过去某一时刻发生的连贯动作，整体用一般过去时；“即便”英文表达为Even if，引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母大写；“在会议上提出这一建议”英文表达为putting forward the suggestion at the conference，动名词短语作从句主语；“冒风险”英文表达为risk，句中作谓语，句子为一般过去时，应用过去式risked，后接动名词作宾语；“被开除”为被动含义，应用being dismissed；“这位员工”英文表达为the employee，作主句主语；“思考再三”英文表达为think twice，句子用一般过去时，应用过去式thought；“还是决定冒险一试”英文表达为decide to take the risk，decide作谓语用过去式decided。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Carol的邮件。在邮件中，她提到在学习三年中文后，她想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合她阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1)你推荐的小说名字及该小说的主要内容； 2)你推荐该小说的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】one possible version: Dear Carol, I’m very glad to know you are interested in Chinese novels. I would like to recommend one from so many famous Chinese books—Journey to the West, which is very popular among Chinese people. The novel, written by Wu Cheng’en, is an outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales. It is generally recognized as a masterpiece about god and spirits. Basically, the novel is about Tang Sanzang’s journey to fetch back some Buddist scriptures and the difficulties he and his followers face in between. Along the way, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing have to battle lots of demons,who all want their master because his flesh will give immortality to anyone who eats it. By reading it, not only do you lift your spirit but also you can gain courage when faced with obstacles. I wish you would have fun reading it. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Carol回复一封邮件，推荐一部适合她阅读的中文小说。 【详解】1.词汇积累 拿回： carry back→ fetch back 斗争：fight→ battle 困难：trouble→ obstacles 享受做某事：enjoy doing sth. → have fun doing sth. 2.拓展句式 简单句变复合句 原句：The novel, written by Wu Cheng’en, is an outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales.  拓展句：The novel, which is written by Wu Cheng’en, is an outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I would like to recommend one from so many famous Chinese books—Journey to the West, which is very popular among Chinese people.（运用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Along the way, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing have to battle lots of demons,who all want their master because his flesh will give immortality to anyone who eats it.（运用了由who引导非限制性定语从句，由because引导原因状语从句和由who引导限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $