Unit 4 Section 4 Extending and developing competencies（作业手册）-【高效课堂】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语同步导学案（沪教版·新教材）

Section 4 Extending and developing competencies Focusing on culture 基础闯关 课后巩固·A级 Ⅰ．根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 【1题答案】 【答案】metal 【解析】 【详解】句意：这种机器是由金属制成的。“金属”英文为metal；metal表示金属这一物质时为不可数名词。 【2题答案】 【答案】press##ress 【解析】 【详解】句意：不要用力按门铃，不然你会弄坏它！根据首字母p以及后文“the bell so hard”可知，此处指按压门铃，空处表示“按，压”，对应动词press，本句为否定祈使句，Don’t后接动词原形。 【3题答案】 【答案】notice##otice 【解析】 【详解】句意：桑迪足够细心，能注意到她身边微小的变化。根据首字母n以及前文“Sandy is careful enough”可知，细心就可以察觉到细微变化，空处表示“注意到”，对应动词notice，固定结构enough to do sth，to后面接动词原形。 【4题答案】 【答案】type 【解析】 【详解】句意：活字印刷术的活字发明于公元1041至1048年间。movable type意为“活字”，空处填type。 【5题答案】 【答案】surface 【解析】 【详解】句意：地球的四分之三的表面被水覆盖。根据汉语可知，需要表达“表面”的含义，对应的英文单词为“surface”；根据“is”可知，此处填名词单数。故填surface。 Ⅱ．用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 【6题答案】 【答案】pieces 【解析】 【详解】句意：通知上说我们不能碰这些艺术品。句中these意为“这些”，后接可数名词复数，piece为可数名词，其复数形式为pieces。 【7题答案】 【答案】movable 【解析】 【详解】句意：她的右手只有一根可以活动的手指。空处修饰名词finger，需要形容词，move是动词，其形容词movable表示“可活动的”。 【8题答案】 【答案】herself 【解析】 【详解】句意：露西在暑假期间自学了如何弹吉他。根据“Lucy taught...how to play the guitar during the summer holiday.”及提示词可知此处表示“自学”，teach oneself sth意为“自学”。she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。 【9题答案】 【答案】 ①. printed ②. printing 【解析】 【详解】句意：印刷机发明后的五十年内，有八百多万册书籍被印刷出来。print意为“印刷”，动词。第一空，句子主语books和print之间是被动关系且有were，此处为一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”，print的过去分词为printed；第二空中，printing press是固定短语，意为“印刷机”，这里用动名词printing作定语，修饰press表示用途。 【10题答案】 【答案】improved 【解析】 【详解】句意：他的美国之行极大地改善了两国之间的关系。improve意为“改善”，动词。根据“His visit to America greatly ... the relationship between two countries.”可知，这次访问是已经发生完的事件，用一般过去时，谓语动词improve的过去式为improved。 Ⅲ．根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。 【11题答案】 【答案】heat up 【解析】 【详解】原句中“加热”是关键词，heat up“加热、使变热”，动词短语。情态动词should后接动词原形。 【12题答案】 【答案】wake her up 【解析】 【详解】原句中“叫醒她”是关键词，wake up“叫醒、唤醒”，动词短语，let’s后接动词原形；代词作短语的宾语时必须放在短语中间，her“她”，动词后跟人称代词的宾格形式，即wake her up。 【13题答案】 【答案】the mixture of 【解析】 【详解】原句中“混合物”是关键词，the mixture of“……的混合物”，名词短语。 【14题答案】 【答案】fall asleep 【解析】 【详解】原句中“入睡”是关键词，fall asleep“入睡、睡着”，动词短语。情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形。 【15题答案】 【答案】focus on 【解析】 【详解】原句中“专注于”是关键词，focus on“专注于、集中精力于”，动词短语。句中“find it hard to do sth.”句型中，to后接动词原形。 能力提升 课后巩固·B级 Ⅳ．完形填空。 【16~25题答案】 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了中国第一把伞的来历。 【16题详解】 句意：世界各国对这个问题有很多不同的看法。 too也；about关于；in在……里；out从……中出来。根据“There are many different opinions”以及“this question”可知是关于这个问题。故选B。 【17题详解】 句意：在中国，据说是鲁班的妻子发明了伞。 saying说，现在分词；sayed错误表达；said说，过去分词；says说，动词的三单形式。根据“it is”以及“that”可知是固定句型it is said that“据说”。故选C。 【18题详解】 句意：一天，他和妻子在西湖散步，欣赏西湖的美景。 weather天气；water水；food食物；beauty美丽。根据“enjoying the”以及“the West Lake.”可知是欣赏西湖美景。故选D。 【19题详解】 句意：突然，下起了大雨。 hardly几乎不；strongly坚决地；heavily沉重地；powerfully有力地。根据“Both of them got wet”可知下了大雨，形容雨大，用heavily。故选C。 【20题详解】 句意：他的妻子说：“如果将来我们在西湖边散步的时候，能有一件能挡雨的东西，那就太好了。” when当……时；which哪一个；what什么；that从句引导词。根据“we walk by the West Lake in the future.”可知是说当在西湖边散步的时候，故选A。 【21题详解】 句意：我会在那里建很多亭子。 will build建，一般将来时；built建，一般过去时；have built建，现在进行时；build建一般现在时。根据“we walk by the West Lake in the future.”以及“Then Lu Ban answered”可知，是鲁班以第一人称对将来进行回答，因此填一般将来时。故选A。 【22题详解】 句意：他们想了很长时间，但没有好主意。 the特指；a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；根据“long time”可知是固定表达for a long time“长时间”。故选B。 【23题详解】 句意：一天，他的妻子看到一些孩子在雨中玩耍。 played玩，一般过去时；play玩，一般现在时；are playing玩，现在进行时；playing玩，现在分词。根据“his wife saw some kids”可知是see sb doing“看见某人正做某事”，因此设空处填现在分词。故选D。 【24题详解】 句意：每个孩子都在头上举着一片大叶子来保护自己不被淋湿。 supporting支持；holding拿着；sticking插入；burning燃烧。根据“a big leaf above the head to protect themselves from getting wet.”可知是孩子们用手拿着一个大叶子保护自己不被淋湿。故选B。 【25题详解】 句意：她从中得到了灵感，第二天，她做了中国古代的第一把伞。 industry工业；iron熨斗；instrument仪器；inspiration灵感。根据“she made the first umbrella in ancient China”可知是她得到了灵感。故选D。 Ⅴ． 【26~30题答案】 【答案】26. D 27. A 28. G 29. B 30. E 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了中国的四大发明。 【26题详解】 根据“And the four things, which are paper, the gunpowder, the compass and printing,”可知，说的是四大发明。D选项“传统上被称为中国的四大发明。”符合语境。故选D。 【27题详解】 根据后句“The great thing about Cai Lun’s invention was that his paper was good to write on, cheap, light and easy to carry.”可知，说的是纸的发明，A选项“纸的发明者是蔡伦。”符合语境。故选A。 【28题详解】 根据前句“The second great invention, printing, goes closely with paper. Building on other printing technology, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing around 1040.”可知，此处说的是“印刷术”，G选项“在发明之前，人们用手写的方式记下东西。”符合语境。故选G。 【29题详解】 根据前句“Before its invention, people couldn’t do something like building mountain tunnels（隧道）.”可知，此处指的是“火药”。B选项“现在人们用它把石头打碎。”符合语境。故选B。 【30题详解】 根据前句“The compass was invented in the Spring and Autumn Period. The circular center means Heaven, and the square plate means Earth.”可知，此处说的是“指南针”。E选项“勺子的指针指向南方。”符合语境。故选E。 Cross-curricular connection 阅读理解。 【31~35题答案】 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款智能清洁玻璃窗的机器人奥兹莫，阐述了其工作原理、环保高效的特点，以及它如何与人类工人协作使工作更安全。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Though the job, which offers workers as much as $35 an hour, can be lucrative”可知，这份工作每小时支付给工人高达35美元，高薪资说明该工作是“赚钱的”，由此可推知划线单词意为“赚钱的”。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。通读第二段内容，根据“A 3D map of the building programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors enable it to move out of the way ...”可知，本段主要描述了机器人如何利用3D地图、传感器等技术智能地进行清洁工作，核心内容是奥兹莫如何智能地清洁玻璃。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer. Human workers will control the robot from below.”可推知，奥兹莫不会取代人类工人，因为人类工人需要从下方控制和监督机器人。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“While it takes three human cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will complete the task in just 80 hours.”可知，一名人类清洁工需要480小时，机器人需要80小时，两者相差400小时，即奥兹莫比一名人类清洁工少花400小时。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer.”及全文内容可推知，奥兹莫虽然不能完全取代人类，但能让人类工人的工作方式变得更安全。 Checking your progress Ⅰ．完形填空。 【36~45题答案】 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A 【解析】 【导语】本文通过一个蓝色引擎的故事告诉我们：如果你意志坚强，你可以应对任何挑战。 【36题详解】 句意：它很小，但有远大的梦想。 risks风险；dreams梦想；mountains山；mistakes错误。根据“It was small but it had big”可知它很小，但是梦想远大。故选B。 【37题详解】 句意：把玩具带给住在山另一边的孩子。 toys玩具；engines发动机；messages信息；cookies饼干。根据“took all the toys to the children”可知把玩具带给孩子。故选A。 【38题详解】 句意：太难了。 colorful多彩的；tiny小的；important重要的；hard难的。根据“We can’t do it”可知太难了，所以做不到。故选D。 【39题详解】 句意：但小引擎正好相反。 nervous紧张的；fun有趣的；lazy懒惰的；opposite相反的。根据“But the little engine was”可知转折词后表示小引擎和它们相反，它相信自己。故选D。 【40题详解】 句意：它深吸一口气，走到最前面。 bite一口；view景色；step步；photo照片。根据“to the front”可知是走到前面。故选C。 【41题详解】 句意：但它并不在乎。 care关心；breathe呼吸；start开始；arrive到达。根据“All the big engines started making fun of it”可知它不在乎其他引擎的嘲笑。故选A。 【42题详解】 句意：它鼓励自己，“我想我能，我想我可以。” questioned质疑；punished惩罚；protected保护；encouraged鼓励。根据“I think I can, I think I can”可知它在鼓励自己。故选D。 【43题详解】 句意：它没有停下来，付出了巨大的努力，它到达了大山的顶端。 regret后悔；effort努力；interest兴趣；shame羞愧。根据“it reached the top of the big mountain”可知通过自己的努力，它到达了山顶。故选B。 【44题详解】 句意：蓝色的小引擎成功地把所有的玩具带给了孩子们。 strictly严格地；lightly轻地；successfully成功地；crazily疯狂地。根据“took all the toys to the children”可知是成功地把玩具带给了孩子。故选C。 【45题详解】 句意：如果你意志坚强，你可以应对任何挑战！ deal with处理，应对；depend on依靠；believe in相信；mess up弄乱。根据“any challenge that comes your way”可知可以应对任何挑战。故选A。 Ⅱ． 【46~50题答案】 【答案】46. around the 1st Century AD 47. in Germany 48. quickly forget what their teachers have taught in class 49. proper knowledge about the subjects 50. face it bravely and get it done efficiently 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍家庭作业的起源、发明者以及家庭作业的作用，告诉我们家庭作业是一项必要且重要的任务，应当勇敢面对并高效完成。 【46题详解】 根据第二段中“It’s said that around the 1st Century AD, a young teacher named Pliny, invented homework.”可知，普林尼大约在公元1世纪发明了家庭作业。答案是原文的直接提取。 【47题详解】 根据第二段中“He brought the idea of homework from Germany to America in the 19th century.”可知，霍勒斯・曼从德国获得了家庭作业这个理念。答案是原文的提取归纳。 【48题详解】 根据第三段中“Usually, when students go back home from school, they might quickly forget what their teachers have taught in class. So, homework is used to improve learning.”可知，用家庭作业巩固学习是因为学生可能会很快忘记课堂上老师讲授的内容。答案是原文的直接提取。 【49题详解】 根据第三段中“Besides, in order to get better scores, one must have proper knowledge about the subjects.”可知，想要取得更好的分数，人必须掌握学科相关的恰当知识。答案是原文的直接提取。 【50题详解】 根据第四段中“So face it bravely and get it done efficiently.”可知，学生应该勇敢面对家庭作业并高效完成。答案是原文信息的提取。 Ⅲ． 【51~60题答案】 【答案】51. probably 52. saw 53. from 54. invented 55. useful 56. printing 57. that 58. without 59. stories 60. or 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了书籍的发展历史，包括书写的发明、卷轴、纸张、印刷术的出现以及电子书的兴起。 【51题详解】 句意：首先，文字书写大概在五千五百年前被发明出来。此处需要一个副词，在句中修饰整句或动词，表示推测。因为空格所在的about 5,500 years ago涉及不确定的时间推测，probable是形容词意为“可能的”，其副词形式probably意为“很可能，大概”，所以选probable，此处需用probably。 【52题详解】 句意：有了文字，人们就不必把一切都记在脑子里，他们可以和从未见过面的人交流，并与后代分享知识。此处需要一个动词，在定语从句people that they never ...中作谓语。因为全文叙述的是过去发生的事（came、did not have to、could communicate），时态用一般过去时；see意为“看见，见面”，过去式为saw，所以选see，此处需用saw。 【53题详解】 句意：后来希腊人因他们的文学和科学而闻名，但他们的“书”看起来和今天的书大不相同。此处需要一个介词，表示比较的对象。因为原文关键词looked very different ...中，different from为固定搭配，意为“与……不同”，所以选from。 【54题详解】 句意：大约两千年前，带有许多页的书被发明了出来。此处需要一个动词，在句中构成谓语。因为句子为被动语态（books were...），且时间状语About 2,000 years ago提示一般过去时；invent的过去分词为invented，were invented意为 “被发明”，所以选invent，此处需用invented。 【55题详解】 句意：到了十三世纪，欧洲人了解到一个非常有用的中国发明：纸。此处需要一个形容词，在句中修饰名词invention。因为空格前有a very、空格后是名词invention，需要形容词修饰名词；useful意为“有用的”，符合“纸是有用的发明”的语境，所以选useful。 【56题详解】 句意：但在欧洲，书籍最大的变化发生在1439年，约翰内斯・古腾堡发明了印刷机。此处需要动名词，作定语修饰名词press。因为“印刷机”的固定表达为printing press，print是动词，需用其动名词形式printing修饰press，所以选print，此处需用printing。 【57题详解】 句意：更多的人能买得起印刷机生产出来的书了。此处需要一个关系代词，引导定语从句。因为先行词是the books，定语从句were produced on a printing press中缺少主语，that既可指物又能在从句中作主语，所以选that。 【58题详解】 句意：如今，很难想象一个没有书的世界。此处需要一个介词，表示“没有”。因为原文关键词imagine a world ...，a world without books意为“没有书的世界”，without表示否定、缺少，符合语境，所以选without。 【59题详解】 句意：每年，更多的故事被作为电子书购买，并在屏幕上阅读。此处需要一个名词，在句中作主语。因为more后接可数名词复数，story的复数形式为stories；结合“买来阅读的故事”的语境，所以选story，此处需用stories。 【60题详解】 句意：未来还会有人翻动传统书的书页吗，还是书会像卷轴一样很快消失？此处需要一个连词，表示选择逻辑。因为这是一个选择疑问句，前后两个一般疑问句（Will anyone .../will books ...）并列，用or连接表示“还是”，所以选or。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section 4 Extending and developing competencies Focusing on culture 基础闯关 课后巩固·A级 Ⅰ．根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1. This kind of machine is made of _________ (金属). 2. Don’t p_________ the bell so hard, or you’ll break it! 3. Sandy is careful enough to n_________ small changes around her. 4. The movable _________ (活字) was invented between 1041 and 1048 AD. 5. Three fourths of the earth’s ________ (表面) is covered with water. Ⅱ．用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 6. The notice says we can’t touch these _________ (piece) of art. 7. She only has one _________ (move) finger on her right hand. 8. Lucy taught ________ (she) how to play the guitar during the summer holiday. 9. More than eight million books were _________ within fifty years after the invention of the _________ press. (print) 10. His visit to America greatly _________ (improve) the relationship between two countries. Ⅲ．根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。 11. 你应该把冰箱里的牛奶加热。 You should _________ the milk in the fridge. 12. 玛丽上学要迟到了。让我们叫醒她吧。 Mary will be late for school. Let’s _________. 13. 请在糖和黄油的混合物里加一个鸡蛋。 Please add an egg to _________ sugar and butter. 14. 他太累了，因为他昨晚没能入睡。 He is tired because he couldn’t _________ last night. 15. 我发现如果我们不吃早餐，很难专注于我们的工作或学习。 I find it hard to _________ our work or studies if we don’t eat breakfast. 能力提升 课后巩固·B级 Ⅳ．完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。 The umbrella is a great invention. But do you know who invented the umbrella? There are many different opinions ____16____ this question among countries around the world. Some people say that the people of ancient Egypt invented the umbrella. Some people believe that the Romans invented it. In China, it is ____17____ that Lu Ban’s wife invented the umbrella. There is even an ancient story about that. Lu Ban was the most famous craftsman (工匠) in ancient China. One day, he and his wife were taking a walk and enjoying the ____18____ of the West Lake. Suddenly, it began to rain ____19____. Both of them got wet when they got back home. His wife said, “It will be wonderful if there is something to protect us from the rain ____20____ we walk by the West Lake in the future.” Then Lu Ban answered, “That is easy. I ____21____ many pavilions (亭子) there.” His wife said, “It is a good idea. However, it is inconvenient because the pavilion is not movable. Is it possible to make a movable pavilion that can always follow us?” They thought for ____22____ long time but had no great idea. Another day, his wife saw some kids ____23____ in the rain. And each kid was ____24____ a big leaf above the head to protect themselves from getting wet. She got ____25____ from that and the next day, she made the first umbrella in ancient China. It was just like the leaf. 16. A. too B. about C. in D. out 17. A. saying B. sayed C. said D. says 18. A. weather B. water C. food D. beauty 19. A. hardly B. strongly C. heavily D. powerfully 20. A. when B. which C. what D. that 21. A. will build B. built C. have built D. build 22. A. the B. a C. an D. / 23. A. played B. play C. are playing D. playing 24. A. supporting B. holding C. sticking D. burning 25. A. industry B. iron C. instrument D. inspiration Ⅴ． 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Over thousands of years, China has produced a large number of inventions. And the four things, which are paper, the gunpowder, the compass and printing, ____26____ The invention of paper came in China around 105 AD. ____27____The great thing about Cai Lun’s invention was that his paper was good to write on, cheap, light and easy to carry. The second great invention, printing, goes closely with paper. Building on other printing technology, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing around 1040. ____28____Today almost everyone in the world uses printing. People can use it to print newspaper, magazines and books. The third great Chinese invention is gunpowder. Gunpowder was invented in the Tang Dynasty. Before its invention, people couldn’t do something like building mountain tunnels（隧道）. ____29____ The compass was invented in the Spring and Autumn Period. The circular center means Heaven, and the square plate means Earth. ____30____The spread of the compass to Europe opened the oceans of the world to travel and led to the discovery of the New World. A. The inventor of paper is Cai Lun. B. Nowadays people use it to break rocks into pieces. C. at that time few people thought it necessary to record daily things. D. are traditionally called the Four Great Inventions in China. E. The hand of the spoon points south. F. And now it is still impossible to build tunnels. G. Before its invention, people copied down things by handwriting. Cross-curricular connection 阅读理解。 The growth in skyscrapers (摩天大楼) worldwide, most of which have large glass windows, has led to a great need for window washers. Though the job, which offers workers as much as $35 an hour, can be lucrative, many people are afraid to take it, as accidents are quite common. Now, the dangerous chore may soon be done by Ozmo, a smart window cleaning robot, with humans supervising (监督) on the ground. Much like humans, Ozmo, hanging off the sides of the building, uses its arms and brushes to clean the dust on the glass. A 3D map of the building programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors enable it to move out of the way in case of unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window. And the robot will self-correct and move around in order not to break a window. Unlike other window washers, the robot cleaner does not require soap to clean the glass. Instead, it uses purified water (纯净水) and a process called reverse osmosis (逆渗透) to do the job. It is environmentally friendly. While it takes three human cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will complete the task in just 80 hours. However, Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer. Human workers will control the robot from below. Whether Ozmo, which is still being tested, does as good a job as humans remains to be seen. Past efforts to use a robot to do this dangerous job have not been successful, because the machines do not have the same eyes as humans and often miss the dust collected on window corners. 31. The underlined word “lucrative” in Paragraph 1 means “_________” in Chinese. A. 赚钱的 B. 出色的 C. 安全的 D. 优秀的 32. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us _________. A. where Ozmo can do its job skillfully B. how Ozmo avoids unexpected events C. how Ozmo works to clean the glass smartly D. when Ozmo works 33. Ozmo will not take the place of human workers because _________. A. human workers need to control and supervise the robot from below B. it often misses the dust collected on window corners C. it uses environmentally friendly materials in cleaning D. human workers don’t need to control and supervise the robot from below 34. To finish the task of cleaning the windows of a 40-story glass building, Ozmo spends _________ hours less than a human cleaner. A. 560 B. 400 C. 1360 D. 800 35. What can we know about Ozmo from the passage? A. Ozmo can do the cleaning job better than human workers. B. Ozmo can make human workers do their jobs more safely. C. As an intelligent window cleaning robot, Ozmo is not successful. D. As an intelligent window cleaning robot, Ozmo is not useful. Checking your progress Ⅰ．完形填空。 In a colorful world of engines (引擎), there lived a tiny blue engine. It was small but it had big ____36____. One day, the engines were given the most important task of the year: To take ____37____ to children who live on the other side of the mountain. “It’s too ____38____. We can’t do it.” Said all the powerful, bigger engines. They didn’t think they could be able to do it. But the little engine was ____39____. It trusted itself and knew it could do it. It took a deep breath and took a ____40____ to the front. “I can do it”. All the big engines started making fun of it. But it didn’t ____41____. The little blue engine set out and with every chug (发出嘎嚓声), it ____42____ itself, “I think I can, I think I can.” It didn’t stop and with great ____43____, it reached the top of the big mountain. The little blue engine took all the toys to the children ____44____ and it was only able to do this because it believed in itself! If you are strong-willed, you can ____45____ any challenge that comes your way! So with a positive mindset, keep telling yourself, “I think I can.” 36. A. risks B. dreams C. mountains D. mistakes 37. A. toys B. engines C. messages D. cookies 38. A. colorful B. tiny C. important D. hard 39. A. nervous B. fun C. lazy D. opposite 40. A. bite B. view C. step D. photo 41. A. care B. breathe C. start D. arrive 42. A. questioned B. punished C. protected D. encouraged 43. A. regret B. effort C. interest D. shame 44. A. strictly B. lightly C. successfully D. crazily 45. A. deal with B. depend on C. believe in D. mess up Ⅱ． 任务型阅读：阅读下面的语篇材料，根据所读内容，完成下列各题。 For students, homework is part of their daily life. Starting from the early years, teachers will always give them something to do after school. But have you ever wondered who invented homework and why? A deep search of homework history dates back to Ancient Rome. It’s said that around the 1st Century AD, a young teacher named Pliny, invented homework. Pliny asked his students to do at-home activities to improve their speaking skills. Another person who played an important role in the invention of homework is Horace Mann. He brought the idea of homework from Germany to America in the 19th century. Later, the idea spread to other places of the world. He was thought to be “Father of Modern Homework”. Homework was once used as a punishment for students. As education develops, people begin to make good use of homework as a learning tool. Usually, when students go back home from school, they might quickly forget what their teachers have taught in class. So, homework is used to improve learning. Another purpose of homework is to encourage the students to manage their own afterschool time. Besides, in order to get better scores, one must have proper knowledge about the subjects. The homework encourages students to practice the lessons. Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework, it is a necessary and important task that you can’t refuse. So face it bravely and get it done efficiently (高效地). 46. When did Pliny invent homework? Pliny invented homework _________________. 47. Where did Horace Mann get the idea of homework? Horace Mann got the idea of homework _________________. 48. Why is homework used to improve learning? Because the students might _________________. 49. What must one have in order to get better scores? One must have _________________. 50. How should students deal with homework? Students should _________________. Ⅲ． 短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） useful that probable print or see without from invent story Next time you hold a book in your hands, stop and think. Like most other things in the modern world, it is the results of thousands of years of human invention. First, came the invention of writing, ____51____ about 5,500 years ago. With writing, people did not have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people that they never ____52____ and share their knowledge with future generations. Later the Greeks were well known for their literature (文学) and science, but their “books” looked very different ____53____ the books of today. They were called scrolls (卷轴). They were difficult to use and took a lot of space in a library. About 2,000 years ago, books with lots of pages were ____54____. For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animals’ kin. That changed in the thirteenth century, when Europeans learned about a very ____55____ Chinese invention: paper. But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the ____56____ press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. Many more people could afford the books ____57____ were produced on a printing press. These days it is difficult to imagine a world ____58____ books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more ____59____ are bought as e-books and read on a screen. Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future, ____60____ will books, like scrolls, soon disappear? 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $