Unit 4 Section 1 Reading&Listening（作业手册）-【高效课堂】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语同步导学案（沪教版·新教材）

Unit 4 Inventions Section 1 Experiencing and understanding language Reading 基础闯关 课后巩固·A级 Ⅰ. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 【1题答案】 【答案】technique 【解析】 【详解】句意：因为这项新技巧，他们可以花更少时间返回。“技巧”对应technique，这里有the特指这项新技巧，用单数形式。 【2题答案】 【答案】pull##ull 【解析】 【详解】句意：当你在公园里时，不要摘花草树木上的叶子。根据首字母p以及后文“the leaves off the flowers and trees”可知，此处指扯下、摘下叶子，空处表示“拉，扯”，对应动词pull，本句为否定祈使句，don’t后接动词原形。 【3题答案】 【答案】Although##lthough 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然今天是公共假日，但我市的一些医生和护士仍然在值班。根据“a public holiday”和“some doctors and nurses in our city are still on duty”可知，前后存在让步转折关系，空处表示“虽然”，根据首字母A可知，对应连词Although，引导让步状语从句。 【4题答案】 【答案】path##ath 【解析】 【详解】句意：好成绩总是需要时间和努力。通往成功没有捷径。根据“There is no easy ... to success.”及首字母可知，此处指通往成功之路是不容易的；the path to ... 是固定搭配，意为“通往……的道路/途径”。 【5题答案】 【答案】wheel 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多人认为轮子的发明是人类历史上的一个转折点。“轮”英文为wheel；定冠词the后接名词，wheel表示“轮子”，be动词是was，wheel用单数形式。 Ⅱ. 【6~10题答案】 【答案】6. doubt 7. central 8. balloons 9. attach 10. international 【解析】 【6题详解】 句意：我们从不怀疑，无论什么时候遇到困难，老师们都会帮助我们。根据“We never … that our teachers will help us”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示“怀疑”，选doubt，本句为一般现在时，主语we，动词用原形doubt。 【7题详解】 句意：陕西位于中国中部，你可以在那里看到大熊猫。根据“Shaanxi is in … China”的语境、陕西的位置并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示“中部的”，要用形容词作定语修饰名词China，选center，此处需变为形容词central。 【8题详解】 句意：在我们新图书馆的开馆仪式上，我们看见一些气球升上天空。根据“see some … rising into the air”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示“气球”，选balloon，some后面要接可数名词复数形式balloons。 【9题详解】 句意：我们再怎么重视水资源保护都不为过。根据“… too much importance to protecting water resources”的语境并结合备选词汇可知此处表示要重视保护水资源，固定搭配attach importance to“重视”，选attach，情态动词can后面接动词原形attach。 【10题详解】 句意：你每天都能在报纸上看到许多国内和国际新闻。根据“national and … news”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示“国际的”，修饰名词news，选international，本身是形容词无需变形。 Ⅲ. 根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。 【11题答案】 【答案】of all time 【解析】 【详解】原句中“有史以来”是关键词，表示“有史以来”的短语是of all time。 【12题答案】 【答案】 ①. Without ②. doubt 【解析】 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺少“毫无疑问”，英文表达为without doubt，句首单词首字母需要大写。故填Without；doubt。 【13题答案】 【答案】depend on 【解析】 【详解】原句中“依靠”是关键词，表示“依靠”的短语是depend on。根据情态动词should可知，should后面接动词原形depend on。 【14题答案】 【答案】place 【解析】 【详解】原句中“举行”是关键词，固定短语take place表示“举行，发生”，空处填place。 【15题答案】 【答案】large amounts of 【解析】 【详解】原句中“大量的”是关键词，表示“大量的”的短语是large amounts of。既可修饰不可数名词rubbish也可修饰复数名词wastes，与中文“大量的”对应。 能力提升 课后巩固·B级 Ⅳ. 任务型阅读： 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. in 1895 17. Wilhelm Roentgen 18. ask Thomas Watson for help 19. electronic televisions 20. the army 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍几项极大改变人们生活的发明，分别介绍了X光、电话、电视机和第一台电脑的发明者、发明时间以及相关背景信息。 【16题详解】 根据第二段中“X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor, Wilhelm Roentgen.”可知，这位德国教授在1895年发现了X光。答案是原文的直接提取。 【17题详解】 根据第二段中“X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor, Wilhelm Roentgen ... This invention was so important that Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901.”可知，威廉・伦琴获得了首届诺贝尔物理学奖。答案是原文的直接提取。 【18题详解】 根据第三段中“He got acid (酸) on his pants by accident and wanted his partner, Thomas Watson, to help him.”可知，贝尔打电话给他的搭档是想要向托马斯・沃森求助。答案是原文信息的提取并进行句式转换。 【19题详解】 根据第四段中“Electronic televisions like the ones we have today were invented by Vladimir Zworykin in the 1920s in the United States.”可知，弗拉基米尔・兹沃雷金在20世纪20年代发明了电子电视机。答案是原文的提取。 【20题详解】 根据第五段中“It was developed for the army, and it was so large that it took up the whole room!”可知，第一台电脑是为军队研发的。答案是原文的直接提取。 Ⅴ. 短文填空： 【21~30题答案】 【答案】21. drunk 22. discover 23. fell 24. world’s 25. later 26. where 27. centuries 28. national 29. took 30. without 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了茶的发明历史、传播过程以及中国人在茶文化中的地位。 【21题详解】 句意：很多人认为，茶最早在大约5000年前就被人们饮用了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少一个动词作谓语。根据“Many people believe that tea was first ... nearly 5,000 years ago.”可知，此处指人们在5000年前就开始喝茶了，drink“喝”符合语境；主语tea与动词drink之间是被动关系，且由was可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，动词drink的过去分词形式为drunk。 【22题详解】 句意：据说，一位名叫神农的中国君主是第一个发现茶可以作为饮品的人。空格前有不定式符号to，此处应填入一个动词构成动词不定式。根据“It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to ... tea as a drink.”可知，此处指第一个发现茶可以当饮料喝的人是神农，discover“发现”符合语境；the first to do sth.为固定用法，意为“第一个做某事的人”，不定式符号to后接动词原形discover。 【23题详解】 句意：一些茶树的叶子掉进了水里并停留了一段时间。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少一个动词作谓语。根据“Some leaves from a tea plant ... into the water and remained there for some time.”可知，此处指茶树的叶子落到水里，fall“落下”符合语境；文章讲述的是过去发生的故事，应用一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell。 【24题详解】 句意：它的味道十分鲜美，就这样，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一诞生了。此处需要一个名词所有格，在句中作定语修饰名词drinks。根据“It was quite delicious, and so, one of the ... favorite drinks was invented.”可知，此处指茶成为世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一，world“世界”符合语境；修饰名词drinks应用名词所有格形式，world的名词所有格形式为world’s。 【25题详解】 句意：几千年后，“茶圣”陆羽在他的书《茶经》中提到了神农。根据“A few thousand years ..., Lu Yu, ‘the sage of tea’, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing.”可知，此处指几千年之后，late“晚的”符合语境；表示“……之后”，应用late的比较级later，构成时间状语。 【26题详解】 句意：书中还讨论了最好的茶叶是在哪里生产的以及使用了什么样的水。此处需要一个连接副词，在宾语从句中作地点状语。根据“It also discusses ... the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water was used.”可知，此处指书中讨论哪里生产最好的茶叶，where“在哪里”符合语境。 【27题详解】 句意：人们认为茶是在6、7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。此处缺少一个名词，在句中作介词during的宾语。根据“It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th ....”可知，此处指在6、7世纪，century“世纪”符合语境；6th and 7th修饰复数名词，century的复数形式为centuries。 【28题详解】 句意：在英国，茶直到大约1660年才出现，但在不到100年的时间里，它就成了国民饮品。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词drink。根据“In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the ... drink.”可知，此处指茶在英国成了国民饮品，nation“国家”符合语境；修饰名词drink应用形容词，nation的形容词形式为national。 【29题详解】 句意：中国与西方国家的茶叶贸易发生在19世纪。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少一个动词作谓语。根据“The tea trade from China to Western countries ... place in the 19th century.”可知，此处指中西方的茶叶贸易发生在19世纪，take place是固定短语，意为“发生”，符合语境；根据时间状语in the 19th century可知，时态为一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 【30题详解】 句意：尽管现在许多人了解茶文化，但中国人毫无疑问是最懂茶性的人。根据“Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are ... doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.”可知，此处指最懂茶的人毫无疑问是中国人，without“没有”符合语境；without doubt为固定短语，意为“毫无疑问”，在句中作状语。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Inventions Section 1 Experiencing and understanding language Reading 基础闯关 课后巩固·A级 Ⅰ. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1. Because of the new ________ (技巧), they could spend less time getting back. 2. When you are in the park, don’t p________ the leaves off the flowers and trees. 3. A________ it’s a public holiday today, some doctors and nurses in our city are still on duty. 4. Good grades always take time and hard work. There is no easy p________ to success. 5. Many people believe that the invention of the ________ (轮) was a turning point in human history. Ⅱ. 从方框中选词并用其适当形式填空。 attach center balloon international doubt 6. We never ________ that our teachers will help us whenever we meet problems. 7. Shaanxi is in ________ China and you can see pandas there. 8. We see some ________ rising into the air at the opening of our new library. 9. We can ________ too much importance to protecting water resources. 10. You can find lots of national and ________ news in the newspaper every day. Ⅲ. 根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。 11. 罗杰·费德勒是有史以来最著名的网球运动员之一。 One of the most famous tennis players _________________ is Roger Federer. 12. 毫无疑问，一颗诚实的心对交朋友很重要。 ________ ________, an honest heart is important to make friends. 13. 我认为你不应该总是依靠父母。 I don’t think you should always _________________ your parents. 14. 明天的校会将在大厅举行。 The school meeting will take _________________ in the hall tomorrow. 15. 在现代社会，人类活动每天都会产生大量的垃圾和废物。 In modern society human activities produce _________________ rubbish and wastes every day. 能力提升 课后巩固·B级 Ⅳ. 任务型阅读： 阅读下面的语篇材料，根据所读内容，完成下列各题。 There are many inventions that have changed people’s lives a lot. The following are examples. X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor, Wilhelm Roentgen. People all over the world were amazed by his invention, the X-ray machine. This invention was so important that Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, a doctor and speech teacher. The first phone call was made by Bell in 1876. He got acid (酸) on his pants by accident and wanted his partner, Thomas Watson, to help him. The first words spoken on the telephone were “Mr. Watson, come here! I need you!” The television was invented in 1924 by John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor. Baird’s television certainly didn’t look like a television today! Electronic televisions like the ones we have today were invented by Vladimir Zworykin in the 1920s in the United States. The first computer was built in 1946 by two American engineers, J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. It was developed for the army, and it was so large that it took up the whole room! Later, in 1971, the “microchip” was invented, and small home computers were first produced for personal use. Today computers are involved in almost everything we do and are found almost everywhere we go. 16. When did a German professor discover X-rays? He discovered X-rays _________________. 17. Who won the first Nobel Prize for Physics? _________________ won the first Nobel Prize for Physics. 18. Why did Bell make a call to his partner, Thomas Watson? Because he wanted to _________________. 19. What did Vladimir Zworykin invent in the 1920s? He invented _________________ in the 1920s. 20. What was the first computer developed for? It was developed for _________________. Ⅴ. 短文填空： 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） world fall where without take century drink nation late discover Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? Many people believe that tea was first ____21____ nearly 5,000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to ____22____ tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant ____23____ into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the ____24____ favorite drinks was invented. A few thousand years ____25____, Lu Yu, “the sage of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses ____26____ the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water was used. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th ____27____. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the ____28____ drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries ____29____ place in the 19th century. This helps to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are ____30____ doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $