精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科6月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科6月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Robert Cormier (1925-2000) ____1____ say, “I take real people and put them in extraordinary situations.” Robert Cormier did not seem like an author who would create controversy, or argument. Never did he live farther than three miles from his childhood home in Leominster, Massachusetts, and for many years, he was a popular columnist for a local newspaper. On most afternoons, he could be found in the area’s public library. However, controversy (争议) for Cormier began in 1974, ____2____ he published his novel The Chocolate War. The novel deals with bullying (霸凌) at a New England school in a realistic way. Soon some people were calling for the book ____3____ (ban) from libraries and schools. ____4____ under great pressure, Cormier never backed down. “My dream was to be known as a writer and to be able to produce at least one book that ____5____ (read) by people. That dream came true with my first novel ____6____ (publish). And all ____7____ rest has been a sweet bonus. One of the sentences that ____8____ (occur) all the time in letters I receive is: ‘You tell it like it is.’ And that’s encouragement for me and keeps me ____9____ (go).” Cormier continued to write about the realities of growing up, with novels such as I AM the Cheese and stories such as “The Moustache”. His stories reflect an amazing ability to focus on everyday American life and capture it ____10____ the perspective of teenagers, who see things that adults don’t always see. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appeal B. conserve C. demonstrate D. dwell E. enormous F. generate G. highlight H. initiatives I. precious J. remedy K. threatened Museums for the People ____11____ around the world are designed to address pressing social issues and ____12____ cultural heritage that would otherwise be lost. Many communities around the globe have traditions that are ____13____ by modern-day globalisation. Some museums are working to ____14____ this loss by recording oral histories, preserving handicraft techniques and hosting community events. These projects ____15____ how museums can go beyond displaying objects to actively supporting living culture. Apart from safeguarding cultural heritage, museums also ____16____ important social issues. For example, some museums create exhibits about climate change to raise public awareness. Such exhibits have great ____17____ to visitors, especially young people. They help people realise that our natural resources are ____18____ and should be protected. Museums also ____19____ public discussion and reflection. They offer safe spaces where visitors can ____20____ on difficult topics such as social inequality. In this way, museums become more than places of entertainment or education — they become agents for positive change. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how ___21___ some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably ___22___ is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident ___23___ on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than ___24___ . Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to ___25___ more. One by one Spector offers answers to recent food ___26___. Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on ___27___ grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s ___28___ useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven ___29___ but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now ___30___. Spector also offers more than a set of currently ___31___ tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most ___32___ point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are ___33___: yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why. Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different ___34___ for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to ___35___ the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year. 21. A. well-known B. aim-oriented C. ill-founded D. long-lived 22. A. certain about B. ignorant of C. capable of D. worried about 23. A. decisions B. courses C. focuses D. suggestions 24. A. facts B. chances C. reasons D. features 25. A. investigate B. demand C. concentrate D. spend 26. A. supplies B. shortages C. standards D. myths 27. A. culture B. history C. economy D. health 28. A. equally B. practically C. socially D. impossibly 29. A. effectiveness B. consciousness C. competitiveness D. emptiness 30. A. serves B. shares C. recognizes D. dismisses 31. A. pointless B. topical C. defensible D. additional 32. A. emotional B. significant C. questionable D. forgivable 33. A. individual B. unpredictable C. important D. available 34. A. changes B. outcomes C. profits D. addicts 35. A. start B. analyze C. stop D. reflect Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） There is a country — I read about it once — where the local custom is that if you go to a house and praise some small possession, the owners feel obliged to offer it to you as a gift. The only other place I know of with such a custom is my mother’s apartment. Knowing Mama, I have always been careful with my compliments, but that doesn’t stop her. If she catches me staring at anything small enough to put in a grocery bag, she hands it to me as I leave. It would do no good to protest. “I was merely staring at that photograph of Mount Hood because I have one exactly like it in my living room.” Mama would only nod and say, “Of course. You were thinking how nice it would be to have a set. If a mother doesn’t understand, who does?” As far as I can remember, Mama was telling people they were in the wrong line of work and suggesting alternative careers. My turn came when I grew up and became a housewife. “You missed your calling,” Mama sighs, examining the doodles (涂鸦) on my phone book. “You should have been an artist.” Later, I tell her how I returned rancid fish to the supermarket and demanded a refund, and she links this to lawyer. I know it’s horsefeathers, but I like it. I have been worrying for weeks now about what to give my mother for Mother’s Day. There is always the danger that a gift given to Mama will bounce swiftly back to the giver. If I buy her something wearable, she perceives in an instant that it could be let in here, let out there, and it would fit me perfectly. If I give her a plant, she cuts off the top for me to take home and root in a glass of water. If I give her something edible, she wants me to stay for lunch and cat it. Papa, a sensible man, long ago stopped trying to shop for Mama. Instead, on Mother’s Day, her birthday, and other appropriate occasions, he composes a short poem in which he tells of their life. After nearly 30 years of poems, Papa sometimes worries that the edge of his inspiration has dulled, but Mama doesn’t complain. She comes into the room while he is struggling over a gift poem and says, “It doesn’t have to rhyme (押韵) as long as it’s from the heart.” This year, finally, I think, too, have found a painless gift for Mama. I am going to give her a magazine article, in which I wish her “Happy Mother’s Day” and tell her there’s nothing Papa or I could ever buy, find, or make her that would be half good enough anyway. 36. What can be learned about the “my” mum from Paragraph 2? A. She doesn’t like “my” complements. B. She doesn’t think I am careful enough. C. She will give “me” whatever she thinks “I” like. D. She takes it for granted that “I” love what she has. 37. By “it’s horsefeathers” (paragraph 3), “I” imply that ______. A. being an artist has always been “my” dream B. what “my” mother says makes no sense C. “my” mother knows well about “me” D. “my” mother is too involved in “my” choices of job 38. Why am “I” worried about “my” gift for Mother’s Day? A. It may well end up in a dustbin. B. It will hardly satisfy “my” mother. C. It may be returned to “me” in some way. D. It will be given to someone else in the neighbourhood. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. “I” love “my” mother very much. B. Being sensible is important for an adult. C. “My” mother dreams of becoming a poet. D. “My” father no longer gives “my” mother any gift. (B) You’ve got questions. We’ve got experts. Q: What land bird lays the biggest egg for its body size? Matthew Chase | Washington, D.C. That would be the North Island brown kiwi, says Kathy Brader, senior bird keeper at the National Zoo, which in 1975 bred the first kiwi outside its native New Zealand. A female kiwi lays an egg that is 15 to 22 percent of her weight. A male then incubates (孵化) the egg for 68 to 91 days. When the chick hatches (孵化), it is soon self-sufficient and won’t imprint on its parents. Unlike other kiwi species, they will lay multiple eggs per season. Q: Where does the phrase “lame duck” come from? Anonymous | Boston A British economics term from the 18th century, it referred to someone going bankrupt. The term was first applied to the U.S. presidency in the winter of 1928-9, as Calvin Coolidge waited out the end of his term. In 1933, the states passed the 20th Amendment, or the “Lame Duck” Amendment, to shorten the time between the election and the inauguration (就职典礼). Claire Jerry, curator of political history at the National Museum of American History, suggests that the long wait time didn’t suit an uneasy electorate in the midst of the Depression and underscored that the delay, originally put in place to account for the difficulty of traveling to the capital, had become outdated. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inauguration was the last to be held in March; his other three were in January. Q: _______ Bill Wacenske | San Diego, California They might be trying to cool off. When it’s hot out, honeybees go searching for water. If they find it, they return to the hive (蜂巢) and perform their waggle dance to communicate the water’s location, says David Roubik, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. A group of 15 or so bees will fly there and lap up the water. Back in the hive again, they’ll pass droplets to receiver bees, which deposit the water along the edge of the wax comb. Bees inside the hive will fan their wings and circulate the water-cooled air. This DIY air conditioning helps maintain the hive at what scientists say is the temperature honeybees prefer, around 95 degrees Fahrenheit. 40. How is the North Island brown kiwi different from other kiwi species? A. It is a male that incubates the eggs. B. An egg takes about 3 months to hatch. C. A female lays more than one egg each season. D. Young birds can live on themselves very quickly. 41. Why did there use to be a long time between the election and the inauguration in the United States? A. It was warmer in March than in January. B. This was a traditional practice from Britain. C. This was established by the first President of the U.S. D. It took some time for new presidents to get to the capital. 42. Which of the following questions fits the blank _______ best? A. Why are there so many honeybees hanging around my swimming pool? B. Why do honeybees prefer their hives to be at around 95 degrees Fahrenheit? C. Why do swimmers need to take care while seeing honeybees flying above? D. Why are honeybees fond of communicating through their waggle dance? (C) Waymo vehicles are testing so frequently in our neighborhood that we usually see four of them on our 15-minute dog walk. My daughter Carson likes Waymo because they look distinct. The fact that a robot is driving, however, fails to impress her. This is just the reality she has been born into. Already Waymo vehicles are in motion for San Francisco to be the first major city with a driverless ride-hailing (打车服务) service. Yet I remain doubtful, It’s not so much the technology. When I arranged for Waymo to pick up my family for a 20-minute test ride, the robot made no obvious mistakes. And in the “truly driverless” ride-hailing service Waymo has been operating for more than two years in Phoenix, it has yet to be involved in any major incidents. No, the reason these services aren’t widely available is mostly to do with the absence of a clear business model. Back in 2014, Travis Kalanick, then-CEO of Uber, said the prospect of driverless cars posed an existential challenge to Uber. Human drivers account for two-thirds of the cost of an Uber journey, he reasoned, so “when there is no other human in the car, the cost of taking an Uber anywhere is cheaper”. Since then, it’s become clear that the economics are more complex. What made Uber so disruptive is the gig (零工) economy. The app serves nearly 100 million people each month in more than 10,000 cities, without Uber owning a single car. Its drivers are contractors, so it only pays them when they are carrying passengers. If the driver is waiting around at the airport, say, it’s not Uber’s problem. It has sophisticated software to match riders with drivers, and to do it quickly. The driverless industry throws away these advantages. Instead of hiring drivers on the cheap, Waymo needs to build or purchase vehicles costing some $200, 000 apiece. Owning too many cars and they are wasting capital. Too few and they’ll be frustrating passengers with lengthy wait times. A driver also plays the role of conductor, ensuring the car is fueled and avoiding illegal activity. Driverless cars will have to be serviced and monitored to do the same thing. “Driverless does not mean humanless,” says Ashley Nunes, a researcher at MIT. His work on the subject has concluded that robotaxis can’t compete with the gig economy on price. “Robotaxis replace one set of human costs, the human driver, with another, inefficiency,” he adds. When robotaxis finally open to the public in San Francisco, they risk becoming a gimmick (噱头). Fun to try, sure, but they’ll cost the same as an Uber, arrive no faster and decline to speed up when you’re in a rush. 43. What does the writer think of the technology of Waymo vehicles? A. Reliable. B. Imperfect. C. Expensive. D. Mysterious. 44. According to Travis Kalanick, driverless cars _______. A. would be more and more complex B. would lack a clear business model C. would gain market share at the expense of Uber D. would fail to win over Uber in ride-hailing services 45. Which of the following is one of “these advantages” (paragraph 6)? A. Uber serves nearly 100 million people each month. B. Uber allows its drivers to wait around at the airport. C. Uber has a sophisticated software to manage its drivers. D. Uber pays drivers only when they are carrying passengers. 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. The public in San Francisco don’t want to try robotaxis. B. It is the gig economy that makes robotaxis lose their appeal. C. Robotaxis don’t have the advantages they are thought to have. D. Driverless vehicles can avoid illegal activity if programmed properly. Section C Directions： Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Full Circle Fashion Autumn’s cooler temperature and beautiful colours never cease to excite me. I love reaching deep into my wardrobe and rediscovering the soft wool items that have served me well for many years. ____47____ Every October, I decide it’s time for it to make its yearly appearance. The loose style allows for lots of layering, so I’m able to wear it now and throughout the colder winter weather. It was a carefully considered purchase, and one I’ve not regretted for a moment. I always find the more time and thought I put into my wardrobe investments, the better they pay off. An item currently under consideration is this one that caught my eye last winter - a recycled cashmere poncho (羊绒斗篷). I’ve tried on this long poncho a few times and a year later, I still love it. ____48____ Also the cashmere itself is superb quality. The flexibility of a long poncho makes it even more irresistible. It would be ideal for a chilly office or aeroplane. It layers perfectly under loose long coat like my orange one. I love how it modernizes a modernizer blouse. It feels like a wise investment for my wardrobe; supporting a business that facilitates sustainable fashion feels like a wise direction of my money. “Circular fashion”, where no longer used items are re- crafted into new clothes (like this poncho) is a new way of consuming that will be with us forever. ____49____ Every aspect of the process ensures tons of clothing do not end up in landfill each year. In general, circular fashion opts for wool, cotton, cashmere, and silk- all of which can be re- used or mixed with new natural fibres. These materials are more expensive, but if they are used in several circular cycles of clothing in the future, they pollute and waste less of our natural resources. ____50____ And innovative circular fashion brands will soon be giving us many more incredible options. A. Making only mindful purchases, and looking for ways to recycle my clothes makes me a better consumer. B. Its modern simplicity really appeals to me. C. Some fibres simply do not recycle and do not de- compose in landfill at the end of their usefulness. D. It switches the make-wear-and- dispose cycle of fashion into a circular one. E. One of my favourites is this burnt orange lightweight, unlined wool coat. F. I only wish I’d learned this lesson about shopping a lot sooner than I did! III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Big Tech Be Contained? From the moment Alexa wakes us up in the morning, through to Google recording our every search query, to Facebook feeding us a diet of what our friends are up to, our lives are increasingly in the hands of just four companies: Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple. Every day, they get to decide what we see, hear and experience in a way that no other companies in history have before. For example, on the average Facebook feed, there are reportedly up to 1500 things that Facebook could show us at any one time: Baby photos posted by your cousin, news articles, your friends arguing about politics and so on. So to make this manageable, Facebook uses an algorithm to choose what it thinks we most want to see. We don’t know in any detail how such algorithms work. In fact we can’t know, as these are the “secret sauce” that have made the platforms, like Facebook, so successful, and so powerful. Okay, so these four companies are powerful now. So what? Inevitably in the cut-throat world of business, it’s only a matter of time until another company invents a better product, and shakes up the tech industry again, right? Not necessarily. What makes these four companies slightly different to what has come before them, even when compared to enormous oil companies or banks, is that the tech firms are able to take advantage of the power of “network” effects, which well protects their position. Facebook is once again a particularly good example of this. What makes Facebook useful is that all of your friends are there. If another company created something better than Facebook, it would be hard for it to gain a foothold because, ultimately, everyone you know is already on Facebook. Sadly, there are no easy ways to make Big Tech less, well, big. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 采访开始后，他的话带我们回到了20世纪60年代。(take) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 53. 夏日的夜晚，这刺眼的灯光让人叫苦不迭。(enough) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 54. 小桥流水是水乡古镇共有的面孔；但细看眉眼，总是各不相同。(upon) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 55. 这条街上除了几家咖啡馆开门营业外，大部分屋子门窗紧闭，窗上积起厚厚一片尘埃。（apart from）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划设定每周三为高三年级的无作业日，并就这一做法听取高三学生意见。写一篇文章表达你的观点。内容包括： 1)你是否赞同这一措施（如是否需要无作业日，每周一天是否合适等）； 2)你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科6月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Robert Cormier (1925-2000) ____1____ say, “I take real people and put them in extraordinary situations.” Robert Cormier did not seem like an author who would create controversy, or argument. Never did he live farther than three miles from his childhood home in Leominster, Massachusetts, and for many years, he was a popular columnist for a local newspaper. On most afternoons, he could be found in the area’s public library. However, controversy (争议) for Cormier began in 1974, ____2____ he published his novel The Chocolate War. The novel deals with bullying (霸凌) at a New England school in a realistic way. Soon some people were calling for the book ____3____ (ban) from libraries and schools. ____4____ under great pressure, Cormier never backed down. “My dream was to be known as a writer and to be able to produce at least one book that ____5____ (read) by people. That dream came true with my first novel ____6____ (publish). And all ____7____ rest has been a sweet bonus. One of the sentences that ____8____ (occur) all the time in letters I receive is: ‘You tell it like it is.’ And that’s encouragement for me and keeps me ____9____ (go).” Cormier continued to write about the realities of growing up, with novels such as I AM the Cheese and stories such as “The Moustache”. His stories reflect an amazing ability to focus on everyday American life and capture it ____10____ the perspective of teenagers, who see things that adults don’t always see. 【答案】1. did 2. when 3. to be banned 4. Although##Though##While 5. would be read 6. published 7. the 8. occur 9. going 10. from 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍作家Robert Cormier的创作理念，以及他的作品《巧克力战争》引发争议但他始终坚持写实创作的经历。 【1题详解】 考查助动词。句意：Robert Cormier（1925-2000）曾说：“我选取真实的人物，把他们置于非同寻常的情境之中。”本句是对过去人物话语的陈述，此处用助动词did对谓语动词say进行强调，意为“的确、曾经”，所以填did。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，Cormier遭遇的争议始于1974年，在那一年他出版了小说《巧克力战争》。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是1974，表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：很快一些人呼吁将这本书从图书馆和学校中封禁。固定搭配call for sth. to be done意为“呼吁某物被……”，book和ban之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be banned。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管承受着巨大压力，Cormier从未退缩。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，所以此处为连词although/though/while，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【5题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：我的梦想是成为一名作家，并且至少写出一本能够被人们阅读的书。that指代one book，book和read之间是被动关系，结合语境此处表示过去将来的含义，所以谓语动词为would be read。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我的第一部小说出版，那个梦想实现了。此处为with复合结构，novel和publish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词published作宾语补足语。 【7题详解】 考查冠词。句意：剩下的一切都是一份甜蜜的惊喜。固定搭配all the rest意为“其余所有的事物”，此处用定冠词the表特指，所以此处为定冠词the。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我收到的信件里反复出现的一句话是：“你如实讲述真相。”定语从句先行词是sentences，为复数，句子陈述一般情况，用一般现在时，所以谓语动词用occur。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这对我来说是一种鼓励，让我继续坚持下去。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth.意为“使某人持续做某事”，所以用现在分词going。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：他的故事展现出一种惊人的能力，聚焦普通的美国生活，并从青少年的视角捕捉这种生活。固定搭配from the perspective of意为“从……的视角”，所以此处为介词from。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appeal B. conserve C. demonstrate D. dwell E. enormous F. generate G. highlight H. initiatives I. precious J. remedy K. threatened Museums for the People ____11____ around the world are designed to address pressing social issues and ____12____ cultural heritage that would otherwise be lost. Many communities around the globe have traditions that are ____13____ by modern-day globalisation. Some museums are working to ____14____ this loss by recording oral histories, preserving handicraft techniques and hosting community events. These projects ____15____ how museums can go beyond displaying objects to actively supporting living culture. Apart from safeguarding cultural heritage, museums also ____16____ important social issues. For example, some museums create exhibits about climate change to raise public awareness. Such exhibits have great ____17____ to visitors, especially young people. They help people realise that our natural resources are ____18____ and should be protected. Museums also ____19____ public discussion and reflection. They offer safe spaces where visitors can ____20____ on difficult topics such as social inequality. In this way, museums become more than places of entertainment or education — they become agents for positive change. 【答案】11. H 12. B 13. K 14. J 15. C 16. G 17. A 18. I 19. F 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍面向大众的博物馆举措，不仅保护濒危文化遗产，还凸显社会议题、引发公众思考，推动社会积极改变。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：世界各地“面向大众的博物馆”相关举措旨在解决紧迫的社会问题，并保护文化遗产，否则这些遗产将会消失。根据are designed to address pressing social issues可知，此处表示相关举措被设计，旨在解决问题，空处需使用复数名词initiatives，作主语。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。根据cultural heritage that would otherwise be lost可知，此处表示“保护文化遗产”，空处应使用conserve，与to address并列，省略不定式符号to，使用原形形式。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：全球很多社群的传统正受到现代全球化的威胁。根据by modern-day globalisation可知，此处表示“受到全球化威胁”，空处应使用threatened，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：一些博物馆正努力弥补这种损失，记录口述历史、保存手工技艺并举办社群活动。根据this loss可知，此处表示“弥补这一损失”，空处应使用remedy，不定式符号to后用动词原形形式。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些项目展示了博物馆如何超越展品陈列，主动扶持鲜活的文化。根据how museums can go beyond displaying objects可知，此处表示展示博物馆如何超越展品陈列，空处应使用demonstrate，作谓语。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：除保护文化遗产之外，博物馆也着重凸显重要的社会议题。根据important social issues可知，此处表示“凸显社会问题”，空处应使用highlight，作谓语。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这类展品对游客，尤其是年轻人，有巨大的吸引力。根据上文For example, some museums create exhibits about climate change to raise public awareness.可知，此处表示这类展品有巨大的吸引力，空处应使用appeal，作宾语。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它们帮助人们意识到自然资源十分珍贵，应当被保护。根据and should be protected可知，此处表示自然资源十分珍贵，空处应使用precious，作表语。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：博物馆也引发公众讨论与思考。根据public discussion and reflection可知，此处表示“引发讨论和思考”，空处应使用generate，作谓语。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们提供安全空间，让参观者细细思索社会不公这类棘手话题。根据on difficult topics such as social inequality可知，此处表示“仔细思索”，空处应使用dwell，情态动词can后接动词原形形式。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how ___21___ some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably ___22___ is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident ___23___ on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than ___24___ . Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to ___25___ more. One by one Spector offers answers to recent food ___26___. Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on ___27___ grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s ___28___ useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven ___29___ but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now ___30___. Spector also offers more than a set of currently ___31___ tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most ___32___ point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are ___33___: yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why. Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different ___34___ for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to ___35___ the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year. 21. A. well-known B. aim-oriented C. ill-founded D. long-lived 22. A. certain about B. ignorant of C. capable of D. worried about 23. A. decisions B. courses C. focuses D. suggestions 24. A. facts B. chances C. reasons D. features 25. A. investigate B. demand C. concentrate D. spend 26. A. supplies B. shortages C. standards D. myths 27. A. culture B. history C. economy D. health 28. A. equally B. practically C. socially D. impossibly 29. A. effectiveness B. consciousness C. competitiveness D. emptiness 30. A. serves B. shares C. recognizes D. dismisses 31. A. pointless B. topical C. defensible D. additional 32. A. emotional B. significant C. questionable D. forgivable 33. A. individual B. unpredictable C. important D. available 34. A. changes B. outcomes C. profits D. addicts 35. A. start B. analyze C. stop D. reflect 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们对食物和运动对身体的作用认识仍然存在困惑和假设，作者Spector指出了一些迄今为止的食品误解，提出了个性化营养学的重要性，并呼吁进行更多研究以解释个体之间的微生物组成的差异和其与肥胖之间的关系。最终目的是希望通过正确的饮食和锻炼习惯控制全球肥胖的趋势。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：百科全书是一个有趣的提醒，提醒我们当前的一些真理必然是多么没有根据。A. well-known众所周知的；B. aim-oriented以目标为导向的；C. ill-founded缺乏根据的；D. long-lived长寿的。根据下文“Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. (我们尚未了解的领域的确定性在未来几个世纪中看起来与其中一些一样荒谬)”可知，当前的一些被认为是真理的东西可能是缺乏根据的。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们仍然非常无知的其中一个是食物和运动对我们身体的影响。A. certain about确定；B. ignorant of无知；C. capable of有能力；D. worried about担心。根据“one of those”及空后“the effect of food and exercise on our bodies.”可知，对于食物和运动对我们身体的影响我们仍是无知的。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被关于如何饮食，如何避免或逆转肥胖的自信建议所包围，但当世界变得更胖时，这些建议似乎毫无意义。A. decisions决定；B. courses课程；C. focuses重点；D. suggestions建议。根据空后“how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity”可知，这些都是建议。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们所知道的大部分内容都是一堆假设而不是事实。A. facts事实；B. chances机会；C. reasons原因；D. features特征。根据空前“rather than(而不是)”可知，空处应为与“assumptions”相对应的词，故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这要求我们进行更多调查。A. investigate调查；B. demand需求；C. concentrate集中；D. spend花费。根据空前“Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.(为什么我们被告知的几乎所有关于食物的东西都是错误的)”可知，我们被告知的关于食物的东西是错误的，所以要求我们进行“调查”，故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特为最近一个接一个的食物神话提供了答案。A. supplies供应；B. shortages短缺；C. standards标准；D. myths神话。根据下文“Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 percent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. (咖啡可以拯救我们的生命，他说。每天三到四杯可以降低患心脏病的风险，并可能将死亡风险降低8%。黄油不会伤害我们的心脏，斯佩克特认为，盐是至关重要的。鸡蛋已经“从英雄变成了恶棍，然后再回来”)”可知，食物的作用被夸大其词了，斯佩克特认为这些是食物神话。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要以健康为由对所有红肉说不，偶尔少量的优质未加工肉类提供重要的维生素和铁，“可能对你有好处”。A. culture文化；B. history历史；C. economy经济；D. health健康。根据下文“provide important vitamins and iron”可知，红肉提供了维生素和铁，空处表示不要以“健康”为由，故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：运动对长寿和幸福是如此有益，以至于它应该被认为是我们的第一大药物，但它实际上毫无用处的一件事就是减肥。A. equally同等；B. practically实际上；C. socially社会；D. impossibly不可能。根据空后“useless is losing weight.”可知，运动对减肥“实际上”是没有用处的，故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：维生素丸是一个价值数十亿英镑的行业，几乎没有被证实的有效性，但可能会造成真正的伤害。A. effectiveness有效性；B. consciousness意识；C. competitiveness竞争力；D. emptiness空虚。根据空前“almost no proven”及空后“real harm”可知，维生素丸没有被证明“有效性”，可能还有害。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是斯佩克特曾经研究和相信的维生素D，他现在也对他不屑一顾。A. serves服务；B. shares股份；C. recognizes承认；D. dismisses不屑一顾。根据空前“used to study and believe in”及“now”可知，空处表达的意思与前文相反，即曾经研究和相信，现在不屑一顾。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特还提供了不止一套目前可以辩护的技巧。A. pointless无意义；B. topical局部；C. defensible可辩护；D. additional附加。根据“a set of currently ___11___ tips.”可知，斯佩克特有不止一套理论来支持他的观点，可以为其辩护，故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最重要的观点是没有放之四海而皆准的标准。A. emotional情绪化的；B. significant重要的；C. questionable可疑的；D. forgivable可原谅的。根据空后“no one size that fits all”可知，这是他最重要观点，故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的身体非常复杂，反应也因人而异：然而没有人愿意为可能解释这一现象的研究买单。A. individual个人的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. important重要的；D. available可用的。根据常识可知，每个人对不同的食物或运动项目的反应因人而异的。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物选择，基因，环境和我们微生物组产生的化学反应的某种组合——我们体内独特的微生物组合——是的，我们每个人的结果都不同，留下一些瘦肉和三分之二的人太胖。A. changes变化；B. outcomes结果；C. profits利润；D. addicts成瘾者。根据前文“Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome—the unique microbe (微生的)combinations in our body”可知，不同的食物选择，基因和环境及微生物产生的微生物组合的结果是不一样的，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特希望进一步探索，这可能使我们能够阻止全球肥胖趋势，以及我们今年目睹的所有风险。A. start开始；B. analyze分析；C. stop阻止；D. reflect反思。根据空后“the global trend to obesity”可知，斯佩克特想进步一的进行研究，以阻止全球的肥胖趋势。故选C项。 Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） There is a country — I read about it once — where the local custom is that if you go to a house and praise some small possession, the owners feel obliged to offer it to you as a gift. The only other place I know of with such a custom is my mother’s apartment. Knowing Mama, I have always been careful with my compliments, but that doesn’t stop her. If she catches me staring at anything small enough to put in a grocery bag, she hands it to me as I leave. It would do no good to protest. “I was merely staring at that photograph of Mount Hood because I have one exactly like it in my living room.” Mama would only nod and say, “Of course. You were thinking how nice it would be to have a set. If a mother doesn’t understand, who does?” As far as I can remember, Mama was telling people they were in the wrong line of work and suggesting alternative careers. My turn came when I grew up and became a housewife. “You missed your calling,” Mama sighs, examining the doodles (涂鸦) on my phone book. “You should have been an artist.” Later, I tell her how I returned rancid fish to the supermarket and demanded a refund, and she links this to lawyer. I know it’s horsefeathers, but I like it. I have been worrying for weeks now about what to give my mother for Mother’s Day. There is always the danger that a gift given to Mama will bounce swiftly back to the giver. If I buy her something wearable, she perceives in an instant that it could be let in here, let out there, and it would fit me perfectly. If I give her a plant, she cuts off the top for me to take home and root in a glass of water. If I give her something edible, she wants me to stay for lunch and cat it. Papa, a sensible man, long ago stopped trying to shop for Mama. Instead, on Mother’s Day, her birthday, and other appropriate occasions, he composes a short poem in which he tells of their life. After nearly 30 years of poems, Papa sometimes worries that the edge of his inspiration has dulled, but Mama doesn’t complain. She comes into the room while he is struggling over a gift poem and says, “It doesn’t have to rhyme (押韵) as long as it’s from the heart.” This year, finally, I think, too, have found a painless gift for Mama. I am going to give her a magazine article, in which I wish her “Happy Mother’s Day” and tell her there’s nothing Papa or I could ever buy, find, or make her that would be half good enough anyway. 36. What can be learned about the “my” mum from Paragraph 2? A. She doesn’t like “my” complements. B. She doesn’t think I am careful enough. C. She will give “me” whatever she thinks “I” like. D. She takes it for granted that “I” love what she has. 37. By “it’s horsefeathers” (paragraph 3), “I” imply that ______. A. being an artist has always been “my” dream B. what “my” mother says makes no sense C. “my” mother knows well about “me” D. “my” mother is too involved in “my” choices of job 38. Why am “I” worried about “my” gift for Mother’s Day? A. It may well end up in a dustbin. B. It will hardly satisfy “my” mother. C. It may be returned to “me” in some way. D. It will be given to someone else in the neighbourhood. 39. What can be concluded from the passage? A. “I” love “my” mother very much. B. Being sensible is important for an adult. C. “My” mother dreams of becoming a poet. D. “My” father no longer gives “my” mother any gift. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲习惯将被称赞的物品赠予他人，以及女儿为母亲挑选礼物的困扰，最终决定以文章形式表达爱意，展现了母女间深厚情感与幽默的相处之道。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“If she catches me staring at anything small enough to put in a grocery bag, she hands it to me as I leave. It would do no good to protest. “I was merely staring at that photograph of Mount Hood because I have one exactly like it in my living room.” Mama would only nod and say, “Of course. You were thinking how nice it would be to have a set. If a mother doesn’t understand, who does?” (如果她发现我盯着任何小到可以放进购物袋的东西看，她就会在我离开时递给我。抗议是没有用的。“我只是盯着那张胡德山的图片看，因为我的客厅里有一张和它一模一样的。”妈妈只点点头说：“当然。你在想要是有一套就好了。如果一个母亲都不明白，还有谁能明白呢？”)”可知，妈妈会给“我”任何她认为“我”喜欢的东西。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“As far as I can remember, Mama was telling people they were in the wrong line of work and suggesting alternative careers. My turn came when I grew up and became a housewife. “You missed your calling,” Mama sighs, examining the doodles (涂鸦) on my phone book. “You should have been an artist.” Later, I tell her how I returned rancid fish to the supermarket and demanded a refund, and she links this to lawyer. (在我的记忆中，妈妈总是告诉人们，他们在错误的行业工作，并建议他们选择其他职业。当我长大成为一名家庭主妇时，轮到我了。‘你错过了你的电话，’妈妈叹息着，检查着我电话簿上的涂鸦。‘你应该成为一名艺术家。’后来，我告诉她我是如何把变质的鱼退回超市并要求退款的，她把这件事联系到了律师。)”可知，文章描述的是作者和母亲的对话，母亲总是对作者的职业选择给出不同的建议，即使作者已经选择了成为家庭主妇，母亲依然认为作者应该成为艺术家。当作者提到自己因为鱼不新鲜而要求超市退款时，母亲又认为作者应该成为律师。可见母亲说的话没有道理。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“I have been worrying for weeks now about what to give my mother for Mother’s Day. There is always the danger that a gift given to Mama will bounce swiftly back to the giver. (几个星期以来，我一直在为母亲节送什么礼物给妈妈而烦恼。送给妈妈的礼物会迅速反弹到送礼者身上，这种危险总是存在的。)”可知，“我”担心“我的”母亲节礼物，是因为它可能会以某种方式返回给“我”。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Knowing Mama, I have always been careful with my compliments, but that doesn’t stop her. If she catches me staring at anything small enough to put in a grocery bag, she hands it to me as I leave. It would do no good to protest. (我了解妈妈，我总是小心翼翼地赞美她，但这并没有阻止她。如果她发现我盯着任何小到可以放进购物袋的东西看，她就会在我离开时递给我。抗议是没有用的。)”和最后一段“This year, finally, I think, too, have found a painless gift for Mama. I am going to give her a magazine article, in which I wish her “Happy Mother’s Day” and tell her there’s nothing Papa or I could ever buy, find, or make her that would be half good enough anyway. (今年，我想我也终于给妈妈找到了一份无痛的礼物。我要在杂志上给她写一篇文章，祝她“母亲节快乐”，并告诉她，无论如何，爸爸和我给她买的、找的或做的任何东西都不够好。)”可知，整篇文章通过幽默而温馨的笔触描绘了母女间的关系，文章最后提到“我”打算给妈妈写一篇杂志文章作为礼物，表达对她无以言表的感激和爱，这充分体现了“我”对妈妈的深爱。故选A。 (B) You’ve got questions. We’ve got experts. Q: What land bird lays the biggest egg for its body size? Matthew Chase | Washington, D.C. That would be the North Island brown kiwi, says Kathy Brader, senior bird keeper at the National Zoo, which in 1975 bred the first kiwi outside its native New Zealand. A female kiwi lays an egg that is 15 to 22 percent of her weight. A male then incubates (孵化) the egg for 68 to 91 days. When the chick hatches (孵化), it is soon self-sufficient and won’t imprint on its parents. Unlike other kiwi species, they will lay multiple eggs per season. Q: Where does the phrase “lame duck” come from? Anonymous | Boston A British economics term from the 18th century, it referred to someone going bankrupt. The term was first applied to the U.S. presidency in the winter of 1928-9, as Calvin Coolidge waited out the end of his term. In 1933, the states passed the 20th Amendment, or the “Lame Duck” Amendment, to shorten the time between the election and the inauguration (就职典礼). Claire Jerry, curator of political history at the National Museum of American History, suggests that the long wait time didn’t suit an uneasy electorate in the midst of the Depression and underscored that the delay, originally put in place to account for the difficulty of traveling to the capital, had become outdated. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inauguration was the last to be held in March; his other three were in January. Q: _______ Bill Wacenske | San Diego, California They might be trying to cool off. When it’s hot out, honeybees go searching for water. If they find it, they return to the hive (蜂巢) and perform their waggle dance to communicate the water’s location, says David Roubik, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. A group of 15 or so bees will fly there and lap up the water. Back in the hive again, they’ll pass droplets to receiver bees, which deposit the water along the edge of the wax comb. Bees inside the hive will fan their wings and circulate the water-cooled air. This DIY air conditioning helps maintain the hive at what scientists say is the temperature honeybees prefer, around 95 degrees Fahrenheit. 40. How is the North Island brown kiwi different from other kiwi species? A. It is a male that incubates the eggs. B. An egg takes about 3 months to hatch. C. A female lays more than one egg each season. D. Young birds can live on themselves very quickly. 41. Why did there use to be a long time between the election and the inauguration in the United States? A. It was warmer in March than in January. B. This was a traditional practice from Britain. C. This was established by the first President of the U.S. D. It took some time for new presidents to get to the capital. 42. Which of the following questions fits the blank _______ best? A. Why are there so many honeybees hanging around my swimming pool? B. Why do honeybees prefer their hives to be at around 95 degrees Fahrenheit? C. Why do swimmers need to take care while seeing honeybees flying above? D. Why are honeybees fond of communicating through their waggle dance? 【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了问答栏目中的三个科普问题，分别是按自身体重比例算哪种陆鸟产的蛋最大、短语lame duck的由来，以及蜜蜂寻找水源给蜂巢降温的相关知识。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Unlike other kiwi species, they will lay multiple eggs per season.(和其他几维鸟种类不同，它们每个繁殖季会产下多枚蛋。)”可知，北岛褐几维鸟和其他种类几维鸟的区别是雌鸟每个繁殖季可产不止一枚蛋。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“...the delay, originally put in place to account for the difficulty of traveling to the capital, had become outdated.(……这种延迟最初设立是考虑到前往首都路途艰难，而现在它已经过时了。)”可知，过去大选和就职典礼间隔很长一段时间是因为新任总统前往首都需要耗费一定时间。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第三段“They might be trying to cool off. When it’s hot out, honeybees go searching for water. If they find it, they return to the hive (蜂巢) and perform their waggle dance to communicate the water’s location, says David Roubik, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.(它们可能是想降温。史密森尼热带研究所的动物学研究员戴维·鲁比克说，天气炎热时，蜜蜂会外出寻找水源；如果找到水源，它们会返回蜂巢跳摆尾舞传递水源位置。)”可知，本段解释蜜蜂寻找水的原因，对应问题是为什么会有很多蜜蜂在泳池附近盘旋。 (C) Waymo vehicles are testing so frequently in our neighborhood that we usually see four of them on our 15-minute dog walk. My daughter Carson likes Waymo because they look distinct. The fact that a robot is driving, however, fails to impress her. This is just the reality she has been born into. Already Waymo vehicles are in motion for San Francisco to be the first major city with a driverless ride-hailing (打车服务) service. Yet I remain doubtful, It’s not so much the technology. When I arranged for Waymo to pick up my family for a 20-minute test ride, the robot made no obvious mistakes. And in the “truly driverless” ride-hailing service Waymo has been operating for more than two years in Phoenix, it has yet to be involved in any major incidents. No, the reason these services aren’t widely available is mostly to do with the absence of a clear business model. Back in 2014, Travis Kalanick, then-CEO of Uber, said the prospect of driverless cars posed an existential challenge to Uber. Human drivers account for two-thirds of the cost of an Uber journey, he reasoned, so “when there is no other human in the car, the cost of taking an Uber anywhere is cheaper”. Since then, it’s become clear that the economics are more complex. What made Uber so disruptive is the gig (零工) economy. The app serves nearly 100 million people each month in more than 10,000 cities, without Uber owning a single car. Its drivers are contractors, so it only pays them when they are carrying passengers. If the driver is waiting around at the airport, say, it’s not Uber’s problem. It has sophisticated software to match riders with drivers, and to do it quickly. The driverless industry throws away these advantages. Instead of hiring drivers on the cheap, Waymo needs to build or purchase vehicles costing some $200, 000 apiece. Owning too many cars and they are wasting capital. Too few and they’ll be frustrating passengers with lengthy wait times. A driver also plays the role of conductor, ensuring the car is fueled and avoiding illegal activity. Driverless cars will have to be serviced and monitored to do the same thing. “Driverless does not mean humanless,” says Ashley Nunes, a researcher at MIT. His work on the subject has concluded that robotaxis can’t compete with the gig economy on price. “Robotaxis replace one set of human costs, the human driver, with another, inefficiency,” he adds. When robotaxis finally open to the public in San Francisco, they risk becoming a gimmick (噱头). Fun to try, sure, but they’ll cost the same as an Uber, arrive no faster and decline to speed up when you’re in a rush. 43. What does the writer think of the technology of Waymo vehicles? A. Reliable. B. Imperfect. C. Expensive. D. Mysterious. 44. According to Travis Kalanick, driverless cars _______. A. would be more and more complex B. would lack a clear business model C. would gain market share at the expense of Uber D. would fail to win over Uber in ride-hailing services 45. Which of the following is one of “these advantages” (paragraph 6)? A. Uber serves nearly 100 million people each month. B. Uber allows its drivers to wait around at the airport. C. Uber has a sophisticated software to manage its drivers. D. Uber pays drivers only when they are carrying passengers. 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. The public in San Francisco don’t want to try robotaxis. B. It is the gig economy that makes robotaxis lose their appeal. C. Robotaxis don’t have the advantages they are thought to have. D. Driverless vehicles can avoid illegal activity if programmed properly. 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了无人驾驶汽车的应用和发展情况。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“When I arranged for Waymo to pick up my family for a 20-minute test ride, the robot made no obvious mistakes. And in the “truly driverless” ride-hailing service Waymo has been operating for more than two years in Phoenix, it has yet to be involved in any major incidents.(当我安排Waymo接我的家人进行20分钟的试驾时，机器人没有出现明显的错误。在“真正无人驾驶”的叫车服务中，Waymo在凤凰城运营了两年多，迄今尚未卷入任何重大事故)”可知，作者认为Waymo汽车的技术是可靠的。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Back in 2014, Travis Kalanick, then-CEO of Uber, said the prospect of driverless cars posed an existential challenge to Uber. Human drivers account for two-thirds of the cost of an Uber journey, he reasoned, so “when there is no other human in the car, the cost of taking an Uber anywhere is cheaper”.(早在2014年，时任优步首席执行官的特拉维斯·卡兰尼克就表示，无人驾驶汽车的前景对优步构成了生死存亡的挑战。他推断，人类司机占优步出行成本的三分之二，因此“当车里没有其他人时，乘坐优步出行的成本更低”)”可知，根据特拉维斯·卡兰尼克的说法，无人驾驶汽车将以牺牲优步为代价获得市场份额。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“His work on the subject has concluded that robotaxis can’t compete with the gig economy on price. “Robotaxis replace one set of human costs, the human driver, with another, inefficiency,” he adds.(他在这方面的研究得出的结论是，机器人出租车在价格上无法与零工经济竞争。他补充说:“机器人出租车用另一种低效率取代了一种人力成本——人类司机。”)”可知，优步只在司机载客时才付钱是“这些优势”之一。故选D。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When robotaxis finally open to the public in San Francisco, they risk becoming a gimmick (噱头). Fun to try, sure, but they’ll cost the same as an Uber, arrive no faster and decline to speed up when you’re in a rush.(当机器人出租车最终在旧金山向公众开放时，它们可能会成为一种噱头。当然，尝试起来很有趣，但它们的成本和优步一样，到达速度也不会快，而且在你赶时间的时候拒绝加速)”可知，作者最可能认同“机器人出租车并不具备人们所认为的优势”。故选C。 Section C Directions： Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Full Circle Fashion Autumn’s cooler temperature and beautiful colours never cease to excite me. I love reaching deep into my wardrobe and rediscovering the soft wool items that have served me well for many years. ____47____ Every October, I decide it’s time for it to make its yearly appearance. The loose style allows for lots of layering, so I’m able to wear it now and throughout the colder winter weather. It was a carefully considered purchase, and one I’ve not regretted for a moment. I always find the more time and thought I put into my wardrobe investments, the better they pay off. An item currently under consideration is this one that caught my eye last winter - a recycled cashmere poncho (羊绒斗篷). I’ve tried on this long poncho a few times and a year later, I still love it. ____48____ Also the cashmere itself is superb quality. The flexibility of a long poncho makes it even more irresistible. It would be ideal for a chilly office or aeroplane. It layers perfectly under loose long coat like my orange one. I love how it modernizes a modernizer blouse. It feels like a wise investment for my wardrobe; supporting a business that facilitates sustainable fashion feels like a wise direction of my money. “Circular fashion”, where no longer used items are re- crafted into new clothes (like this poncho) is a new way of consuming that will be with us forever. ____49____ Every aspect of the process ensures tons of clothing do not end up in landfill each year. In general, circular fashion opts for wool, cotton, cashmere, and silk- all of which can be re- used or mixed with new natural fibres. These materials are more expensive, but if they are used in several circular cycles of clothing in the future, they pollute and waste less of our natural resources. ____50____ And innovative circular fashion brands will soon be giving us many more incredible options. A. Making only mindful purchases, and looking for ways to recycle my clothes makes me a better consumer. B. Its modern simplicity really appeals to me. C. Some fibres simply do not recycle and do not de- compose in landfill at the end of their usefulness. D. It switches the make-wear-and- dispose cycle of fashion into a circular one. E. One of my favourites is this burnt orange lightweight, unlined wool coat. F. I only wish I’d learned this lesson about shopping a lot sooner than I did! 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是议论文。文章大意是讨论了循环时尚的概念，即不再使用的衣物被重新制作成新衣服，并强调了这种消费方式的可持续性。作者以自己对羊毛衣物的喜爱和考虑购买一件回收羊绒斗篷为例，阐述了循环时尚如何减少资源浪费和污染，以及支持可持续时尚的商业选择。 【47题详解】 根据上文“I love reaching deep into my wardrobe and rediscovering the soft wool items that have served me well for many years.（我喜欢在衣柜深处翻找，重新发现那些多年来一直很适合我的柔软羊毛制品。）”以及下文 “The loose style allows for lots of layering, so I’m able to wear it now and throughout the colder winter weather. It was a carefully considered purchase（宽松的款式可以搭配很多层衣服，所以我现在可以穿，整个寒冷的冬天也能穿。这是一次经过深思熟虑的购买。）”可知这里是在介绍一件羊毛衣物，E选项“One of my favourites is this burnt orange lightweight, unlined wool coat.（我最喜欢的一件是这件浅橙色的轻薄无衬里羊毛大衣。）”符合语境，故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“I’ve tried on this long poncho a few times and a year later, I still love it.（我已经试穿过这件长披风好几次了，一年后，我仍然喜欢它。）”以及下文 “Also the cashmere itself is superb quality. The flexibility of a long poncho makes it even more irresistible.（而且羊绒本身质量上乘。长披风的灵活性让它更加不可抗拒。）”可知这里是在阐述喜欢这件披风的原因，B选项“Its modern simplicity really appeals to me.（它的现代简约风格真的很吸引我。）”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文““Circular fashion”, where no longer used items are re - crafted into new clothes (like this poncho) is a new way of consuming that will be with us forever.（“循环时尚”，即将不再使用的物品重新制作成新衣服（就像这件披风一样），是一种将永远伴随着我们的新消费方式。）”可知这里是在解释循环时尚的意义，D选项 “It switches the make - wear - and - dispose cycle of fashion into a circular one.（它将时尚的制作、穿着和处理循环转变为一个循环的过程。）”符合语境，故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上文“These materials are more expensive, but if they are used in several circular cycles of clothing in the future, they pollute and waste less of our natural resources.（这些材料更昂贵，但如果它们在未来的几个服装循环周期中被使用，它们对自然资源的污染和浪费就会更少。）”以及下文“And innovative circular fashion brands will soon be giving us many more incredible options.（创新的循环时尚品牌很快将为我们提供更多令人难以置信的选择。）”可知这里是在讲述在这种情况下如何成为一个更好的消费者，A选项“Making only mindful purchases, and looking for ways to recycle my clothes makes me a better consumer.（只进行谨慎的购买，并寻找回收衣服的方法使我成为一个更好的消费者。）”符合语境，故选A。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can Big Tech Be Contained? From the moment Alexa wakes us up in the morning, through to Google recording our every search query, to Facebook feeding us a diet of what our friends are up to, our lives are increasingly in the hands of just four companies: Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple. Every day, they get to decide what we see, hear and experience in a way that no other companies in history have before. For example, on the average Facebook feed, there are reportedly up to 1500 things that Facebook could show us at any one time: Baby photos posted by your cousin, news articles, your friends arguing about politics and so on. So to make this manageable, Facebook uses an algorithm to choose what it thinks we most want to see. We don’t know in any detail how such algorithms work. In fact we can’t know, as these are the “secret sauce” that have made the platforms, like Facebook, so successful, and so powerful. Okay, so these four companies are powerful now. So what? Inevitably in the cut-throat world of business, it’s only a matter of time until another company invents a better product, and shakes up the tech industry again, right? Not necessarily. What makes these four companies slightly different to what has come before them, even when compared to enormous oil companies or banks, is that the tech firms are able to take advantage of the power of “network” effects, which well protects their position. Facebook is once again a particularly good example of this. What makes Facebook useful is that all of your friends are there. If another company created something better than Facebook, it would be hard for it to gain a foothold because, ultimately, everyone you know is already on Facebook. Sadly, there are no easy ways to make Big Tech less, well, big. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Four tech giants control what we see and experience daily through secret algorithms. Their dominance is heavily protected by the ‌“network effect.” For instance, users stay on Facebook because everyone they know is there. Consequently, even if better products emerge, it is extremely difficult to replace or contain these powerful companies. 【解析】 【导语】文章指出四大科技巨头通过秘密算法控制我们的日常所见所感，并借助“网络效应”牢固维持其主导地位，难以被取代或遏制。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①From the moment Alexa wakes us up in the morning, through to Google recording our every search query, to Facebook feeding us a diet of what our friends are up to, our lives are increasingly in the hands of just four companies: Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple. ②Every day, they get to decide what we see, hear and experience in a way that no other companies in history have before. ③So to make this manageable, Facebook uses an algorithm to choose what it thinks we most want to see. ④We don’t know in any detail how such algorithms work. ⑤In fact we can’t know, as these are the ‌“secret sauce” that have made the platforms, like Facebook, so successful, and so powerful. ⑥What makes these four companies slightly different to what has come before them, even when compared to enormous oil companies or banks, is that the tech firms are able to take advantage of the power of ‌“network” effects, which well protects their position. ⑦What makes Facebook useful is that all of your friends are there. ⑧If another company created something better than Facebook, it would be hard for it to gain a foothold because, ultimately, everyone you know is already on Facebook. ⑨Sadly, there are no easy ways to make Big Tech less, well, big. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点整合，说明四大科技巨头通过秘密算法决定我们每天看到和体验的内容；将第6、7、8三个要点整合，说明“网络效应”牢固保护其地位，以Facebook为例说明用户因朋友都在而难以离开；第9个要点作结论，指出难以遏制这些巨头。 3. 遣词造句 Four tech giants control what we see and experience daily through secret algorithms. Their dominance is heavily protected by the ‌“network effect.” For instance, users stay on Facebook because everyone they know is there. Consequently, even if better products emerge, it is extremely difficult to replace or contain these powerful companies. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Four tech giants control what we see and experience daily through secret algorithms. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] For instance, users stay on Facebook because everyone they know is there. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句和省略关系词的定语从句) [高分句型3] Consequently, even if better products emerge, it is extremely difficult to replace or contain these powerful companies. (运用了even if引导的让步状语从句) IV. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 采访开始后，他的话带我们回到了20世纪60年代。(take) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】After the interview began, his words took us back to the 1960s. 【解析】 【详解】“采访开始后”作时间状语，处理为连词After引导的时间状语从句，从句主语“采访”译为名词词组the interview，谓语“开始”译为动词begin，从句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态began；“他的话带我们回到了20世纪60年代”是主句，主语“他的话”译为名词词组his words，结合提示词，谓语“带……回到”用动词短语take...back to，句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时took，宾语“我们”译为代词us，介词后宾语“20世纪60年代”译为名词词组the 1960s。 53. 夏日的夜晚，这刺眼的灯光让人叫苦不迭。(enough) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】On summer nights, this blinding light is enough to make anyone complain. 【解析】 【详解】表示“在夏日的夜晚”表达为on summer nights；表示“刺眼的灯光”表达为this blinding light；表示“叫人叫苦不迭”表达为be enough to make anyone complain。本句描述日常普遍存在的现象，用一般现在时。 54. 小桥流水是水乡古镇共有的面孔；但细看眉眼，总是各不相同。(upon) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】Small bridges and flowing water are the common features shared by ancient water towns, but upon closer observation, each one is unique with distinct characteristics. 【解析】 【详解】本句描述客观存在的普遍事实，故用一般现在时。主语“小桥流水”表达为small bridges and flowing water；系表部分“是水乡古镇共有的面孔”表达为are the common features shared by ancient water towns；表示转折用but；表示“细看眉眼”表达为upon closer observation；表示“各不相同”译为each one is unique with distinct characteristics。 55. 这条街上除了几家咖啡馆开门营业外，大部分屋子门窗紧闭，窗上积起厚厚一片尘埃。（apart from）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Apart from a few cafes being open, most of the houses on this street have their doors and windows shut , and thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据汉语语境可知，句子陈述了一般事实和已经发生的状况，应用一般现在时和现在完成时。“这条街上”可译为“on this street”；“除了……外”可使用固定短语“apart from”；“几家咖啡馆”可译为“a few cafes”；营业译为“open”，“大部分屋子门窗紧闭”可译为“most of the houses have their doors and windows shut”,“窗上积起厚厚一片尘埃”可译为“thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows”。句子可使用“Apart from a few cafes being open”作状语，后接“most of the houses have their doors and windows shut”作主句，“and thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows”作并列句，进一步描述窗户的状态。故整句话可译为：Apart from a few cafes being open, most of the houses on this street have their doors and windows shut , and thick layers of dust have accumulated on the windows. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划设定每周三为高三年级的无作业日，并就这一做法听取高三学生意见。写一篇文章表达你的观点。内容包括： 1)你是否赞同这一措施（如是否需要无作业日，每周一天是否合适等）； 2)你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 As Li Ming, a senior student at Mingqi High School, I wholeheartedly support the proposal of a homework-free Wednesday for Grade 12. Firstly, the intense pressure of college entrance exams is undeniable. Having one day completely free from homework allows us to recharge, reducing stress and preventing burnout. Secondly, constantly doing homework isn’t always the most effective way to learn. A break provides valuable time to review weak areas independently, consolidate knowledge, or simply rest, which can boost overall efficiency for the rest of the week. Finally, Wednesday, positioned mid-week, is an ideal time for this reset. Therefore, I believe this weekly break is both necessary and well-timed. It offers crucial breathing space, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇文章表达对于高三年级的无作业日这一做法的观点以及说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 全心全意地：wholeheartedly→absorbedly 减少：reduce→lessen/decrease 不断地：constantly→ceaselessly 提高：boost→enhance 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Therefore, I believe this weekly break is both necessary and well-timed. It offers crucial breathing space, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure. 拓展句：Therefore, I believe this weekly break, which offers crucial breathing space, is both necessary and well-timed, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A break provides valuable time to review weak areas independently, consolidate knowledge, or simply rest, which can boost overall efficiency for the rest of the week.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 It offers crucial breathing space, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure.（运用了现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $