Unit 5 Power of Ideas (Section B)核心知识点精讲精练-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦 1. turn...into... 把…… 变成…… 2. be made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料） 3. depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于 4. responsible for sth 对某事负责；引起某事 5. the rapid spread of information 信息的快速传播 6. made from 由…… 制成（看不出原材料） 7. either...or... 要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者…… 8. cut up 切碎 9. mix with 和…… 混合 10. to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 11. later on 后来；其后 12. not only...but also... 不仅…… 而且…… 13. China’s neighbouring countries 中国的邻国 14. speed up （使）加速 15. lead to 导致；造成 16. the number of... …… 的数量 17. result in 造成；导致 18. afford to do 负担得起做某事；有能力做某事 19. carry out 执行；实施 20. sticky note 便利贴；便签纸 21. be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法； 22. at all 根本；究竟 23. as a result 结果；因此 24. have difficulties in... 在…… 方面有困难 2、 重点词汇解析 1. reality /riˈæləti/n.现实；事实 [词汇拓展] real(adj.)真的；really(adv.)真得，真正；realize(v.)实现 [词汇搭配] turn ideas into reality将想法变为现实 [词汇例句] We must face the reality that we cannot finish the work on time.我们必须面对我们无法按时完成 工作的现实。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空。 (1) My favourite subject is English. I think it is ________ (real) fun. (2) They acted so as to ________ (real)their dreams through their visions and goals. (3) What is the ________ (real) meaning of money in our life? (4) With the help of AI, many dreams have turned into ________ (real). 2. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj.作为原因的；有责任的 [词汇拓展] responsibly(adv.)负责任地；responsibility(n.)责任心；irresponsible(adj.)不负责任的 [词汇搭配] responsible for sth 引起某事；对...有责任；负责...； [词汇例句] Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) You should be ________ your decisions. If you make a wrong decision, you will be regretful. A．busy with B．responsible for C．thankful to D．tired of (2) —Many teenagers feel lonely and stressed these days. —Maybe too much screen time and little face-to-face communication are ________ for this problem. A．harmful B．famous C．responsible D．thankful 3. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj.迅速的；瞬间的 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/adv.迅速地；快速地 [词汇拓展] rapidity(n.)快速；迅速 [词汇搭配] the rapid spread of information信息的迅速传播；rapid growth快速的增长 a rapidly growing economy迅速增长的经济 [词汇例句] The disease is spreading at a rapid rate.这种疾病正在迅速蔓延。 [词汇辨析] · fast尤用以描述高速运动的人或事物，如：a fast car; a fast train。 · quick较常用以描述迅速或立即完成的事，如：a quick reply; a quick decision · rapid最常用于描述事物变化的速度，而非运动或完成的速度，如：a rapid rise in sales。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The country has made ________ progress in space exploration during the past ten years. A．rapid B．crowded C．frozen D．sandy 4. shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 使成为…形状(或样子)；塑造；n.形状；状况，情况 [词汇搭配] shape our modern world塑造了我们的现代世界；in the shape of呈...的形状 in good shape身体不错；get into shape强身健康；out of shape变形；身体不健康 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中shape的中文意思。 (1) The pool was in the shape of a heart. (2) He's in good shape for a man of his age. (3) Shape the dough(面团) into a ball. (4) Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are. 5. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/adj.昂贵的；价格高的 [词汇拓展] expensively(adj.)贵地；inexpensive(adj.)不昂贵的；expense(n.)花费，开支；cheap(adj.)便宜的 [词汇搭配] an expensive car昂贵的汽车 [词汇例句] That dress was an expensive mistake .那件连衣裙看走眼买贵了。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空。 (1) I would like to go to an ________ (expensive) restaurant because I don’t have enough money with me. (2) The ________ (expensive) of the house is too high for me. (3) The food in this restaurant is ________ (expensive) than that in that one. 6. none/nʌn/ pron.没有一个；毫无 [词汇拓展] none(pron.)三者及三者以上都不；both(pron.)两者都；all(pron.)三者及三者以上都 [词汇搭配] none but仅仅；只有 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“none+不可数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 None of the work was done. 那些工作全都未干。 · 可以使用“none of+复数名词/复数单词/单数集合名词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。 · none表示三者及以上都不；neither表示两者都不。 I have two toy cars, but neither is blue.我有两辆玩具车，但没有一个是蓝色的。 Lucy has got three brothers. None of them is/are a doctor. 露西有三个兄弟。没有一个是医生。 · none还可以表示“零”的数字概念，可用于回答How many等的提问。 —How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ —None. They are all on the playground. 一个都没有。它们都在操场上。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —How many films did you watch last month? —________. I didn’t have time. I was busy with my final exam. A．None B．No one C．Something D．Nothing (2) According to the school rules, ________ of the students must wear red scarves. ________ of us can break it. A．both; Neither B．neither; Both C．all; None D．none; All 7. certain /ˈsɜːtn/adj.某些；确定的；pron. (不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些 [词汇拓展] certainly(adv.)无疑，确定；当然，行；uncertain(adj.)不确定的，无把握的 [词汇搭配] for certain确定；无疑；certain of/about...对...确定的；对...无疑的；certain to do...确定做某事 certain people某些人；make certain确保 [词汇用法] · certain用作形容词，可以表示“某些...”，用于不提及具体细节时用。此含义，也可用作代词。 如：For certain personal reasons I shall not be able to attend.由于某种个人原因，我将不能出席。 They'll have to give up completely on certain of their studies.他们将不得不彻底放弃某些研究。 · certain用作形容词，表示“确定，无疑”。 如：You'll have to leave soon to make certain of getting there on time.你得快点出发，好确保准时到达那里。 It is certain that they will agree/They are certain to agree.他们肯定会同意。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 It’s ________ that he will win the game because he practices very hard. A．impossible B．certain C．wrong D．boring 8. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/adj. 合适的；适宜的 [词汇拓展] unsuitable(adj.)不合适的；suit(v.)适合；suitability(n.)合适 [词汇搭配] suitable for...适合...；suitable to do...适合做... [词汇例句] I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party. 我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 You need to choose a ________ way to solve the problem. A．suitable B．sticky C．frozen D．plastic 9. cheap /tʃiːp/adj.便宜的；adv. 低廉地 [词汇拓展] cheaply(adv.)便宜地；cheapness(n.)便宜；expensive(adj.)昂贵的；inexpensive(adj.)便宜的 [词汇搭配] dirt cheap非常便宜；a cheap hotel收费低廉的旅馆；on the cheap低廉地；廉价地 [词汇例句] Personal computers are cheap and getting cheaper.个人电脑现在价格便宜，以后越来越便宜。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —The price of this mobile phone is too high. —What about that one? It’s ________ than this one. A．higher B．more expensive C．lower D．cheaper 10. birth /bɜːθ/n.诞生；出现 [词汇拓展] birthday(n.)生日；birthmark(n.)胎记；bear(n.)生出，结出 [词汇搭配] at birth出生时；a hospital/home birth 在医院里 / 家中的分娩；give birth to生孩子；使产生 date of birth出生日期 [词汇例句] It was the study of history that gave birth to the social sciences.对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 — What do you think of the new invention club? — Great! The ________ of the club offers students a place to make their creative ideas come true. A．birth B．name C．size D．color 11. afford /əˈfɔːd/v. 买得起；能做；提供，给予 [词汇拓展] affordable(adj.)买得起的 [词汇搭配] afford to do有钱做某事；承担得起后果；afford a new car买得起一辆新车 [词汇例句] My parents can't even afford a new refrigerator.我父母甚至买不起一台新冰箱。 The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.这项计划给年轻人提供 了获得工作经验的机会。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The bicycle is too expensive for the boy. He can’t ________ it. A．afford B．attend C．avoid D．achieve (2) For the present, I can’t afford ________ a car. So I need to work hard. A．to buy B．buy C．buying D．for buying 12. company /ˈkʌmpəni/n. 公司；陪伴 [词汇拓展] (pl.)companies；business(n.)商业；公司，企业 [词汇搭配] a film company一家电影公司；enjoy one’s company享受某人的陪伴，喜欢和某人在一起 keep sb company陪伴；in company (with sb/sth)(与…)一起；(与…)同时 have company有客人(或朋友)在 [词汇例句] Mike gets a company car with his new job.迈克因新的职位得到公司提供的专用汽车。 [随学随练] 用company相关表达翻译句子或补全句子。 (1) 我喜欢和Joe在一起。 (2) 我不知道你有客人。 I didn't realize . (3) 你等待时我会陪伴你。 (4) 她和她妈妈一起到达。 13. production /prəˈdʌkʃn/n. 生产；制作；产量 [词汇拓展] produce (v.) 生产；繁育；product(n.)产品；producer(n.)生产者 productive (adj.)多产的；富有成效的；productivity (n.)生产力；生产率 [词汇搭配] car production汽车生产；production costs生产成本；an increase in production 产量的上升 on production of sth经出示（某物） [词汇例句] The car went out of production in 2002. 这种汽车已于2002年停产。 [随学随练] 用produce适当形式填空。 (1) Libya(利比亚) is a major oil . (2) This company all kinds of sticky notes. (3) of the new cars will start next year. (4) My time spent in the library was very . (5) We tried to get more at a lower price. 14. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 [词汇拓展] gradual(adj.)逐渐的；逐步的 step by step逐步地，循序渐进地；little by little一点一点地，渐渐地 [词汇例句] The weather gradually improved.天气逐渐好转。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 With hard work, his basketball skills improved ________ over the years. A．gradually B．nervously C．perfectly D．uniquely 15. widely /ˈwaɪdli/adv. 广泛地；普遍地 [词汇拓展] wide(adj.)广泛地，宽广的；width(n.)宽度；widen(v.)扩宽，使变宽 [词汇搭配] a widely held belief普遍持有的信念；be widely used被广泛使用 [词汇例句] The idea is now widely accepted. 这个思想现在已获得普遍接受。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空。 (1) To improve traffic, the government plans to ________ (wide) the main road leading to the city centre. (2) The road is ________ (wide). Its ________ (wide) is 20 metres. (3) Humanoid robots are ________ (wide) used to finish different tasks for us. 3、 重难句型解析 1. 定语从句 (教材原句)An invention that changed the world that changed the world是that引导的定语从句修饰前面的an invention。that,which, who等可用于引动定语 从句，且在从句中充当主干成分。 2. 被动语态 (教材原句)In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on... (教材原句)...and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on... were used是由“be+动词过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，be动词随时态进行变化，were used是一般过去时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为“is/am/are+done”。 被动语态结构与情态动词连用时，be则不变形，构成“情态动词+be+动词过去分词”结构，如第二句中could be used...。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 这把椅子是用旧木头做的。 (2) 智能手机被广泛用于交流和获取信息。 3. 宾语从句 (教材原句)A film was produced by a film company to tell us about what robots can do for people’s lives in the future. (教材原句)He showed the world what Chinese people could achieve. 第一句中about为介词，其后由what引导的整个句子充当其宾语，是一个宾语从句。第二句中what引导的从句充当showed后的直接宾语，也是一个宾语从句。what为疑问代词，引导宾语从句时在从句中充当主干成分。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 他想知道他能做什么来更好理解父母。 4. 表语从句 (教材原句)However，it seems that its inventors，Orville Wright and WilburWright, were not looking to change the world at all. 此句中谓语动词seem是系动词，其后的that its inventors,..., were not looking to change the world at all充当的是表语成分，是一个表语从句。 4、 其他知识解析 1. made from/made of用法 (教材原句)there was also a very early form of paper made from jute... made from/made of都表示“由...制成”，一般而言，made from表示“看不出原材料”，而made of表示“可以看出原材料”。 此外，made into表示“制成...”后接成品；made in表示“在...制成”，后常接地点；made by表示“由...制成”，后常接制造者。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The traditional dress ________ silk. A．is made of B．is made in C．is made from D．is made by (2) Paper is made ________ wood and that scarf is made ________ silk. A．of; of B．from; from C．of; from D．from; of 2. form用法 (教材原句)there was also a very early form of paper made from jute... (教材原句)Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to from paper. 第一句中form用作名词，表示“类型；形式”；第二句中用作动词，表示“(使) 形成”。 此外form用作名词，还可以表示“表格；形式，样子”；用作动词表示“组织；建立”等含义。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中form的中文意思。 (1)He collects many different forms of bottles. (2)Pleas fill in the form first. (3)Help in the form of money will be very welcome. (4)I formed many close friendships at college. (5)He formed a band with some friends from school. 3. not only...but also...用法 (教材原句)Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. · not only...but also...意为“不但...而且...”，可用于连接相同的两个成分，本句中连接speeded up the development of Chinese culture和changed civilizations around the world两个谓语部分。 · not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语保持主谓一致。 如：Not only my parents but also my brother is coming to the party.不仅我的父母，我的兄弟也来参加聚会。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 在我们的生活中，狗不仅是我们的朋友，而且能帮助我们工作。 (2) 对中国人而言，茶不仅是饮料，还是一门艺术和一门文化。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Young people must face the ________ (现实) that success requires years of hard work and patience. (2) The city has seen ________ (迅速的) development in transport. (3) Teachers often ________ (塑造) the children’s minds with their wisdom. (4) The cup is made of gold. It is very ________ (昂贵的), so most students can’t ________ (负担得起) it. (5) He offered several plans, but ________ (没有一个) of them was practical. (6) It is ________ (确定的) that good ideas can change the world. (7) This kind of soil is ________ (合适的) for planting flowers. (8) Although the room in the hotel was ________ (便宜的), it was clean and comfortable. (9) The ________ (诞生) of Chinese knots shows the wisdom of ancient people. (10) These two c________ (公司) decided to work together on the project. (11) The invention of the plane has g________ (逐渐地) changed the world. (12) The ancient city wall was built with large ________ (石头) hundreds of years ago. 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) It is our ________ to protect traditional art, and every teenager should be ________ for it. (responsibility) (2) We can solve these problems ________ (rapid) with new tools. (3) We can cut out different ________ (shape) like circles and squares for the art class. (4) Many patients can’t afford ________ (see) a doctor, so we need to give a helping hand. (5) “________ (certain)!” the boy answered when his mother asked for help. (6) This new-style dress is ________ (suit) for the coming school dance party. (7) At ________ (bear), baby pandas are very tiny. (8) The ________ (produce) of this new product has increased by 50% this year. (9) E-payment is ________ (wide) used all over our country now. (10) These postcards ________ (sell) in the museum shop every weekend. (11) Last month, David was looking ________ (make) a simple robot for his science project. (12) Don’t touch the ________ (stick) paint on the wall, or it will stay on your fingers. 3. 单项填空 (1) After years of hard work, his dream of becoming a writer has become a ________. A．reality B．papermaking C．bronze D．fibre (2) The company is ________ for the pollution of the local river. A．responsible B．suitable C．ideal D．certain (3) News could travel much more ________ with inventions like the radio and the television. A．widely B．slowly C．rapidly D．gradually (4) Childhood experiences often ______ a person’s character. A．melt B．gain C．shape D．attend (5) —Sorry, the phone is so expensive that I can’t ________ it. —No worries. We’ve got some cheap ones. This way, sir. A．repair B．protect C．afford D．use (6) ________ Mike ________ his parents travelled abroad this summer holiday because ________ of them could afford the time to go there. A．Neither... nor; none B．Neither... nor; neither C．Either…or... ; either D．Either…or; all (7) We need to find a ________ place for the picnic. It should be near the river and not too crowded. A．rapid B．suitable C．expensive D．responsible (8) The ________ of the baby brought great joy to the whole family. A．reality B．birth C．shape D．custom (9) — How did you improve your English so much? — I ________ got used to reading English newspapers every morning. A．suddenly B．gradually C．differently D．certainly (10) My grandpa ________ live in the countryside, and this old tool ________ cut crops many years ago. A．used to; was used to B．was used to; was used for C．used to; used to D．was used to; used for (11) The chopsticks we use every day ________ bamboo, while the paper we write on ________ wood. A．are made from, is made from B．are made of, is made of C．are made from, is made of D．are made of, is made from (12) As the rules say, all waste paper ________ into the green bin. A．must put B．must be put C．must be putting D．must to put 4. 短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” In fact, many great 1 (discover) and inventions would not have been possible without this quality. Curiosity often leads 2 new understanding. Benjamin Franklin, for example, was deeply curious about electricity. His experiments, widely known today, 3 (rapid) advanced early electrical science. Through his work, the lightning rod 4 (invent), protecting buildings from storms. Curiosity also drives people to create. During the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu was so curious about flight that he attempted to build a “flying chair” made of kites and rockets. He was supposed 5 (reach) the sky, but the test ended tragically. Still, his courage 6 (it) inspired later generations to explore space more safely. Curiosity, however, is not just about bold attempts. It also carries a 7 (responsible) to question, learn, and build upon what is known. People have always wondered how the world works and 8 to understand it better. This drive is at the heart of scientific progress. As explorer Jacques Cousteau noted, a scientist is like someone “looking through a keyhole, 9 opening into nature.” It is curiosity, 10 (complete) focused and patiently applied, that continues to open doors to new worlds for all of us. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 这场大雨引起了这个小村庄的洪水。 (2) 我们需要加快存钱速度，这样才能买得起一辆新车。 (3) 你知道吗？一次意外导致了便利贴的发明。 (4) 我们正试图找到更好的塑料回收利用方法。 (5) 后来，我妈妈决定买那件贵的外套而不是便宜的那件，因为贵的更暖和。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦 1. turn...into... 把…… 变成…… 2. be made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料） 3. depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于 4. responsible for sth 对某事负责；引起某事 5. the rapid spread of information 信息的快速传播 6. made from 由…… 制成（看不出原材料） 7. either...or... 要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者…… 8. cut up 切碎 9. mix with 和…… 混合 10. to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 11. later on 后来；其后 12. not only...but also... 不仅…… 而且…… 13. China’s neighbouring countries 中国的邻国 14. speed up （使）加速 15. lead to 导致；造成 16. the number of... …… 的数量 17. result in 造成；导致 18. afford to do 负担得起做某事；有能力做某事 19. carry out 执行；实施 20. sticky note 便利贴；便签纸 21. be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法； 22. at all 根本；究竟 23. as a result 结果；因此 24. have difficulties in... 在…… 方面有困难 2、 重点词汇解析 1. reality /riˈæləti/n.现实；事实 [词汇拓展] real(adj.)真的；really(adv.)真得，真正；realize(v.)实现 [词汇搭配] turn ideas into reality将想法变为现实 [词汇例句] We must face the reality that we cannot finish the work on time.我们必须面对我们无法按时完成 工作的现实。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空。 (1) My favourite subject is English. I think it is ________ (real) fun. 【答案】really 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的科目是英语。我认为它真的很有趣。real意为“真实的”，是形容词。此处修饰形容词fun，表示程度，应用副词形式really。 (2) They acted so as to ________ (real)their dreams through their visions and goals. 【答案】realize 【详解】句意：他们的行动是为了通过自己的愿景和目标来实现自己的梦想。根据“They acted so as to...their dreams”可知，此空缺动词，real的动词形式为realize“实现”，to do作目的状语，故填realize。 (3) What is the ________ (real) meaning of money in our life? 【答案】real 【详解】句意：金钱在我们生活中的真正意义是什么？句中“meaning”为名词，修饰名词需用形容词。real的形容词形式直接为real。 (4) With the help of AI, many dreams have turned into ________ (real). 【答案】reality 【详解】句意：在人工智能的帮助下，许多梦想已经变成了现实。空格处位于介词into之后、作宾语，需要名词；real是形容词，其名词形式为reality，turn into reality表示“变成现实”。 2. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj.作为原因的；有责任的 [词汇拓展] responsibly(adv.)负责任地；responsibility(n.)责任心；irresponsible(adj.)不负责任的 [词汇搭配] responsible for sth 引起某事；对...有责任；负责...； [词汇例句] Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) You should be ________ your decisions. If you make a wrong decision, you will be regretful. A．busy with B．responsible for C．thankful to D．tired of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该对你的决定负责。如果你做了错误的决定，你会后悔的。 busy with忙于；responsible for对……负责；thankful to感谢；tired of厌倦。根据“If you make a wrong decision, you will be regretful.”可知，做了错决定会后悔，意味着需要对决定承担责任，故用responsible for。 (2) —Many teenagers feel lonely and stressed these days. —Maybe too much screen time and little face-to-face communication are ________ for this problem. A．harmful B．famous C．responsible D．thankful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如今许多青少年感到孤独和有压力。——也许过多的屏幕时间和很少的面对面交流是造成这个问题的原因。 harmful有害的；famous著名的；responsible负责的；thankful感激的。根据“Many teenagers feel lonely and stressed”可知青少年存在问题，答语分析其成因，固定搭配 be responsible for意为“是……的原因，对……负责”，符合语境。 3. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj.迅速的；瞬间的 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/adv.迅速地；快速地 [词汇拓展] rapidity(n.)快速；迅速 [词汇搭配] the rapid spread of information信息的迅速传播；rapid growth快速的增长 a rapidly growing economy迅速增长的经济 [词汇例句] The disease is spreading at a rapid rate.这种疾病正在迅速蔓延。 [词汇辨析] · fast尤用以描述高速运动的人或事物，如：a fast car; a fast train。 · quick较常用以描述迅速或立即完成的事，如：a quick reply; a quick decision · rapid最常用于描述事物变化的速度，而非运动或完成的速度，如：a rapid rise in sales。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The country has made ________ progress in space exploration during the past ten years. A．rapid B．crowded C．frozen D．sandy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个国家在过去十年中在太空探索方面取得了迅速的进步。   rapid迅速的；crowded拥挤的；frozen冰冻的；sandy沙质的。根据“progress in space exploration”及“during the past ten years”可知，取得了“迅速的”进步，应用rapid。 4. shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 使成为…形状(或样子)；塑造；n.形状；状况，情况 [词汇搭配] shape our modern world塑造了我们的现代世界；in the shape of呈...的形状 in good shape身体不错；get into shape强身健康；out of shape变形；身体不健康 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中shape的中文意思。 (1) The pool was in the shape of a heart. (n.)形状；外形 (2) He's in good shape for a man of his age. (n.) 状况；情况 (3) Shape the dough(面团) into a ball. (v.)使成为…形状(或样子) (4) Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are. (v.)塑造 5. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/adj.昂贵的；价格高的 [词汇拓展] expensively(adj.)贵地；inexpensive(adj.)不昂贵的；expense(n.)花费，开支；cheap(adj.)便宜的 [词汇搭配] an expensive car昂贵的汽车 [词汇例句] That dress was an expensive mistake .那件连衣裙看走眼买贵了。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空。 (1) I would like to go to an ________ (expensive) restaurant because I don’t have enough money with me. 【答案】inexpensive 【详解】句意：我想去一家不贵的餐厅，因为我身上没带够钱。“expensive”是形容词，意为“昂贵的”。根据后半句“because I don’t have enough money with me”（因为我没带够钱）可知，逻辑上应该去“不贵的”或“便宜的”餐厅。“expensive”的反义词为inexpensive（不贵的），且以元音音素开头，符合前面不定冠词an的要求。故填inexpensive。 (2) The ________ (expensive) of the house is too high for me. 【答案】expense 【详解】句意：房子的费用对我来说太高了。句中需要一个名词来做主语，expensive是形容词，其对应的名词形式为“expense”（费用），“the expense of...”表示“……的费用”。 (3) The food in this restaurant is ________ (expensive) than that in that one. 【答案】more expensive 【详解】句意：这家餐馆的食物比那家餐馆的更贵。句中出现than，表示两者进行比较，形容词要用比较级，expensive是多音节形容词，它的比较级形式为more expensive。 6. none/nʌn/ pron.没有一个；毫无 [词汇拓展] none(pron.)三者及三者以上都不；both(pron.)两者都；all(pron.)三者及三者以上都 [词汇搭配] none but仅仅；只有 [词汇用法] · 可以使用“none+不可数名词”结构，作主语时，其后用单数动词。 None of the work was done. 那些工作全都未干。 · 可以使用“none of+复数名词/复数单词/单数集合名词”结构，在正式情况中，作主语时，其后用单数动词；非正式场合，也可用复数动词。 None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。 · none表示三者及以上都不；neither表示两者都不。 I have two toy cars, but neither is blue.我有两辆玩具车，但没有一个是蓝色的。 Lucy has got three brothers. None of them is/are a doctor. 露西有三个兄弟。没有一个是医生。 · none还可以表示“零”的数字概念，可用于回答How many等的提问。 —How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ —None. They are all on the playground. 一个都没有。它们都在操场上。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —How many films did you watch last month? —________. I didn’t have time. I was busy with my final exam. A．None B．No one C．Something D．Nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你上个月看了几部电影？——没有看一部。我没时间。我正忙于期末考试。 考查代词辨析。None没有，指的是数量上的没有，既可以指物也可以指人；No one没有人，只能指人；Something某事；Nothing什么都没有。根据“I didn’t have time. I was busy with my final exam.”可知，此处指“我”正在准备期末考试，没有时间看电影，即上个月看过的电影数量为零。故选A。 (2) According to the school rules, ________ of the students must wear red scarves. ________ of us can break it. A．both; Neither B．neither; Both C．all; None D．none; All 【答案】C 【详解】句意：根据校规，所有的学生都必须戴红领巾。我们没有人可以违反它。 考查代词辨析。both两者都；neither两者都不；all三者或三者以上都；none三者或三者以上都不 。根据“students”可知，数量大于二，第一空表示所有学生都要戴红领巾，用all；第二空表示没人能违反校规，用none。故选C。 7. certain /ˈsɜːtn/adj.某些；确定的；pron. (不提及人或事物的名称时用)某些 [词汇拓展] certainly(adv.)无疑，确定；当然，行；uncertain(adj.)不确定的，无把握的 [词汇搭配] for certain确定；无疑；certain of/about...对...确定的；对...无疑的；certain to do...确定做某事 certain people某些人；make certain确保 [词汇用法] · certain用作形容词，可以表示“某些...”，用于不提及具体细节时用。此含义，也可用作代词。 如：For certain personal reasons I shall not be able to attend.由于某种个人原因，我将不能出席。 They'll have to give up completely on certain of their studies.他们将不得不彻底放弃某些研究。 · certain用作形容词，表示“确定，无疑”。 如：You'll have to leave soon to make certain of getting there on time.你得快点出发，好确保准时到达那里。 It is certain that they will agree/They are certain to agree.他们肯定会同意。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 It’s ________ that he will win the game because he practices very hard. A．impossible B．certain C．wrong D．boring 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他肯定会赢得这场比赛，因为他练习得很刻苦。 impossible不可能的；certain肯定的；wrong错误的；boring无聊的。根据“because he practices very hard”可知，努力练习是赢得比赛的有利条件，推测出他赢是肯定的。 8. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/adj. 合适的；适宜的 [词汇拓展] unsuitable(adj.)不合适的；suit(v.)适合；suitability(n.)合适 [词汇搭配] suitable for...适合...；suitable to do...适合做... [词汇例句] I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party. 我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 You need to choose a ________ way to solve the problem. A．suitable B．sticky C．frozen D．plastic 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你需要选择一种合适的方法来解决这个问题。 suitable合适的；sticky黏的；frozen冰冻的；plastic塑料的。根据题干“way to solve the problem”可知，选择“合适的”方法，应填suitable。 9. cheap /tʃiːp/adj.便宜的；adv. 低廉地 [词汇拓展] cheaply(adv.)便宜地；cheapness(n.)便宜；expensive(adj.)昂贵的；inexpensive(adj.)便宜的 [词汇搭配] dirt cheap非常便宜；a cheap hotel收费低廉的旅馆；on the cheap低廉地；廉价地 [词汇例句] Personal computers are cheap and getting cheaper.个人电脑现在价格便宜，以后越来越便宜。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —The price of this mobile phone is too high. —What about that one? It’s ________ than this one. A．higher B．more expensive C．lower D．cheaper 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这部手机的价格太高了。——那部怎么样？它比这部更便宜。 higher更高的；more expensive更贵的；lower更低的；cheaper更便宜的。根据“The price of this mobile phone is too high.”可知抱怨价格高，推荐另一部应是更便宜的；主语“It”指代手机，形容物品贵贱用cheap。应填cheaper。 10. birth /bɜːθ/n.诞生；出现 [词汇拓展] birthday(n.)生日；birthmark(n.)胎记；bear(n.)生出，结出 [词汇搭配] at birth出生时；a hospital/home birth 在医院里 / 家中的分娩；give birth to生孩子；使产生 date of birth出生日期 [词汇例句] It was the study of history that gave birth to the social sciences.对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 — What do you think of the new invention club? — Great! The ________ of the club offers students a place to make their creative ideas come true. A．birth B．name C．size D．color 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—你认为新的发明俱乐部怎么样？—非常好！这个俱乐部的成立，为学生们提供了一个实现创意想法的平台。 birth诞生，创立；name名字；size尺寸；color颜色。根据“offers students a place to make their creative ideas come true”，可知是俱乐部的成立带来了积极的作用，给学生提供了实现创意的空间，应填birth。 11. afford /əˈfɔːd/v. 买得起；能做；提供，给予 [词汇拓展] affordable(adj.)买得起的 [词汇搭配] afford to do有钱做某事；承担得起后果；afford a new car买得起一辆新车 [词汇例句] My parents can't even afford a new refrigerator.我父母甚至买不起一台新冰箱。 The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.这项计划给年轻人提供 了获得工作经验的机会。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The bicycle is too expensive for the boy. He can’t ________ it. A．afford B．attend C．avoid D．achieve 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这辆自行车对这个男孩来说太贵了。他负担不起它。 afford负担得起；attend参加；avoid避免；achieve实现。根据“The bicycle is too expensive for the boy.”可知，自行车太贵，所以推断他无法负担购买费用，应填afford。 (2) For the present, I can’t afford ________ a car. So I need to work hard. A．to buy B．buy C．buying D．for buying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：目前，我负担不起买一辆车。所以我需要努力工作。 afford意为“负担得起”，后接动词不定式作宾语，构成固定搭配afford to do sth.，意为“可负担得起做某事”。根据语法规则，此处应填动词不定式to buy。 12. company /ˈkʌmpəni/n. 公司；陪伴 [词汇拓展] (pl.)companies；business(n.)商业；公司，企业 [词汇搭配] a film company一家电影公司；enjoy one’s company享受某人的陪伴，喜欢和某人在一起 keep sb company陪伴；in company (with sb/sth)(与…)一起；(与…)同时 have company有客人(或朋友)在 [词汇例句] Mike gets a company car with his new job.迈克因新的职位得到公司提供的专用汽车。 [随学随练] 用company相关表达翻译句子或补全句子。 (1) 我喜欢和Joe在一起。 I enjoy Jo's company . (2) 我不知道你有客人。 I didn't realize you had company . (3) 你等待时我会陪伴你。 I'll keep you company while you're waiting. (4) 她和她妈妈一起到达。 She arrived in company with her mother. 13. production /prəˈdʌkʃn/n. 生产；制作；产量 [词汇拓展] produce (v.) 生产；繁育；product(n.)产品；producer(n.)生产者 productive (adj.)多产的；富有成效的；productivity (n.)生产力；生产率 [词汇搭配] car production汽车生产；production costs生产成本；an increase in production 产量的上升 on production of sth经出示（某物） [词汇例句] The car went out of production in 2002. 这种汽车已于2002年停产。 [随学随练] 用produce适当形式填空。 (1) Libya(利比亚) is a major oil producer. (2) This company produces all kinds of sticky notes. (3) Production of the new cars will start next year. (4) My time spent in the library was very productive. (5) We tried to get more products at a lower price. 14. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 [词汇拓展] gradual(adj.)逐渐的；逐步的 step by step逐步地，循序渐进地；little by little一点一点地，渐渐地 [词汇例句] The weather gradually improved.天气逐渐好转。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 With hard work, his basketball skills improved ________ over the years. A．gradually B．nervously C．perfectly D．uniquely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：通过努力，他的篮球技巧多年来逐渐提高了。 gradually逐渐地；nervously紧张地；perfectly完美地；uniquely独特地。根据“over the years”可知技能提高是一个长期的过程，符合“逐渐地”这一语境。 15. widely /ˈwaɪdli/adv. 广泛地；普遍地 [词汇拓展] wide(adj.)广泛地，宽广的；width(n.)宽度；widen(v.)扩宽，使变宽 [词汇搭配] a widely held belief普遍持有的信念；be widely used被广泛使用 [词汇例句] The idea is now widely accepted. 这个思想现在已获得普遍接受。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空。 (1) To improve traffic, the government plans to ________ (wide) the main road leading to the city centre. 【答案】widen 【详解】句意：为了改善交通，政府计划加宽通往市中心的主干道。空格前“plans to”后接动词原形，所给词“wide”为形容词，其动词形式为“widen”，意为“加宽、拓宽”。故填widen。 (2) The road is ________ (wide). Its ________ (wide) is 20 metres. 【答案】 wide width 【详解】句意：这条路很宽。它的宽度是20米。be动词is后接形容词作表语，wide是形容词，表示“宽的”。形容词性物主代词Its后面需要接名词，wide对应的名词形式为width，表示“宽度”。故填wide；width。 (3) Humanoid robots are ________ (wide) used to finish different tasks for us. 【答案】widely 【详解】句意：人形机器人被广泛应用，为我们完成各类任务。空处修饰动词“are...used”，应使用wide的副词形式widely“广泛地”。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 定语从句 (教材原句)An invention that changed the world that changed the world是that引导的定语从句修饰前面的an invention。that,which, who等可用于引动定语 从句，且在从句中充当主干成分。 2. 被动语态 (教材原句)In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on... (教材原句)...and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on... were used是由“be+动词过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，be动词随时态进行变化，were used是一般过去时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为“is/am/are+done”。 被动语态结构与情态动词连用时，be则不变形，构成“情态动词+be+动词过去分词”结构，如第二句中could be used...。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 这把椅子是用旧木头做的。 【答案】This chair is made of old wood. (2) 智能手机被广泛用于交流和获取信息。 【答案】Smartphones are widely used for communication and getting information. 3. 宾语从句 (教材原句)A film was produced by a film company to tell us about what robots can do for people’s lives in the future. (教材原句)He showed the world what Chinese people could achieve. 第一句中about为介词，其后由what引导的整个句子充当其宾语，是一个宾语从句。第二句中what引导的从句充当showed后的直接宾语，也是一个宾语从句。what为疑问代词，引导宾语从句时在从句中充当主干成分。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 他想知道他能做什么来更好理解父母。 【答案】He wants to know what he can do to better understand his parents. 4. 表语从句 (教材原句)However，it seems that its inventors，Orville Wright and WilburWright, were not looking to change the world at all. 此句中谓语动词seem是系动词，其后的that its inventors,..., were not looking to change the world at all充当的是表语成分，是一个表语从句。 4、 其他知识解析 1. made from/made of用法 (教材原句)there was also a very early form of paper made from jute... made from/made of都表示“由...制成”，一般而言，made from表示“看不出原材料”，而made of表示“可以看出原材料”。 此外，made into表示“制成...”后接成品；made in表示“在...制成”，后常接地点；made by表示“由...制成”，后常接制造者。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) The traditional dress ________ silk. A．is made of B．is made in C．is made from D．is made by 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这件传统服装由丝绸制成。 be made of由……制成（能看出原材料）；be made in在……地方制造；be made from由……制成（看不出原材料）；be made by由……（人）制造。根据句意可知，此处表示传统服装由丝绸制成，丝绸是可以从成品中看出的原材料，应填is made of。 (2) Paper is made ________ wood and that scarf is made ________ silk. A．of; of B．from; from C．of; from D．from; of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：纸是由木材制成的，那条围巾是由丝绸制成的。 考查介词辨析。be made of由……制成，强调能看出原材料；be made from由……制成，强调加工后看不出原材料。第一空木材制成纸（看不出原料），用“from”；第二空丝绸制成围巾（可见原料），用“of”。故选D。 2. form用法 (教材原句)there was also a very early form of paper made from jute... (教材原句)Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to from paper. 第一句中form用作名词，表示“类型；形式”；第二句中用作动词，表示“(使) 形成”。 此外form用作名词，还可以表示“表格；形式，样子”；用作动词表示“组织；建立”等含义。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中form的中文意思。 (1)He collects many different forms of bottles. (n.)类型，种类 (2)Pleas fill in the form first. (n.)表格 (3)Help in the form of money will be very welcome. (n.) 形式，样子 (4)I formed many close friendships at college. (v.) (使)形成 (5)He formed a band with some friends from school. (v.) 组织；建立 3. not only...but also...用法 (教材原句)Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. · not only...but also...意为“不但...而且...”，可用于连接相同的两个成分，本句中连接speeded up the development of Chinese culture和changed civilizations around the world两个谓语部分。 · not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词与后一个主语保持主谓一致。 如：Not only my parents but also my brother is coming to the party.不仅我的父母，我的兄弟也来参加聚会。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 在我们的生活中，狗不仅是我们的朋友，而且能帮助我们工作。 【答案】In our lives, dogs not only serve as our friends but also help us with work. (2) 对中国人而言，茶不仅是饮料，还是一门艺术和一门文化。 【答案】For Chinese people, tea is not only a drink but also an art and a culture. 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Young people must face the ________ (现实) that success requires years of hard work and patience. 【答案】reality 【详解】句意：年轻人必须面对现实：成功需要多年的努力和耐心。空格前为“face the”后接名词作宾语，“现实”对应名词“reality”，在此处为抽象概念，常用不可数单数形式表示整体意义，故填reality。 (2) The city has seen ________ (迅速的) development in transport. 【答案】rapid 【详解】句意：这座城市的交通领域已经实现了迅猛发展。设空处后修饰名词development（发展），需要填入一个含义为“迅速的”、可修饰抽象发展概念的形容词，rapid是适配该语境的常用表达。 (3) Teachers often ________ (塑造) the children’s minds with their wisdom. 【答案】shape 【详解】句意：老师们经常用他们的智慧塑造孩子们的心灵。根据中文提示“塑造”可知，对应英文单词为shape。主语“Teachers”为复数，且句中“often”表示经常发生的动作，应用一般现在时，动词用原形shape。 (4) The cup is made of gold. It is very ________ (昂贵的), so most students can’t ________ (负担得起) it. 【答案】 expensive afford 【详解】句意：这个杯子是由金子制成的。它非常昂贵，所以大多数学生负担不起它。第一空，根据中文提示“昂贵的”以及句中“is very”可知，此处需要形容词作表语，expensive意为“昂贵的”，符合语境；第二空，根据中文提示“负担得起”以及情态动词“can't”后接动词原形可知，afford意为“负担得起”，符合语境。 (5) He offered several plans, but ________ (没有一个) of them was practical. 【答案】none 【详解】句意：他提供了几个方案，但是没有一个可行。“several plans”说明有好几个方案，数量大于二，表示三者或三者以上当中的没有一个，要用none。 (6) It is ________ (确定的) that good ideas can change the world. 【答案】certain 【详解】句意：好想法能够改变世界，这是确定的。“确定的”英文单词是certain，此处作表语。 (7) This kind of soil is ________ (合适的) for planting flowers. 【答案】suitable 【详解】句意：这种土壤适合种花。be动词is后接形容词作表语，中文“合适的”对应的英文形容词为suitable。固定搭配be suitable for表示“适合……”，符合本句语境。 (8) Although the room in the hotel was ________ (便宜的), it was clean and comfortable. 【答案】cheap 【详解】句意：虽然旅馆的房间很便宜，但它干净又舒适。根据汉语提示“便宜的”，应填形容词cheap，作was的表语。 (9) The ________ (诞生) of Chinese knots shows the wisdom of ancient people. 【答案】birth 【详解】句意：中国结的诞生展现了古人的智慧。“诞生”英文为birth，此处作句子主语，且谓语动词shows是单数，用名词单数即可。 (10) These two c________ (公司) decided to work together on the project. 【答案】companies/ompanies 【详解】句意：这两家公司决定在这个项目上合作。根据汉语“公司”及首字母c提示可知，此处应用名词company，前有two修饰，所以用复数companies。 (11) The invention of the plane has g________ (逐渐地) changed the world. 【答案】gradually/radually 【详解】句意：飞机的发明已经逐渐地改变了世界。根据汉语及首字母提示，gradually“逐渐地”，副词修饰动词“changed”。应填gradually。 (12) The ancient city wall was built with large ________ (石头) hundreds of years ago. 【答案】stones 【详解】句意：这座古城墙是几百年前用大石头建造的。根据汉语提示可知，“石头”对应英文单词stone，为可数名词。结合语境及空前没有限定词，此处泛指“大石头”，故填复数形式stones。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) It is our ________ to protect traditional art, and every teenager should be ________ for it. (responsibility) 【答案】 responsibility responsible 【详解】句意：保护传统艺术是我们的责任，每一个青少年都应该为此负责。结合句子结构可知，第一空需要一个名词，放在形容词性物主代词our后面，表示“责任”。responsibility表示“责任”时是不可数名词；第二空需要一个形容词，放在be动词后构成be responsible for固定搭配，表示“对……负责”，responsibility的形容词形式是responsible。故填responsibility；responsible。 (2) We can solve these problems ________ (rapid) with new tools. 【答案】rapidly 【详解】句意：我们可以用新工具快速解决这些问题。空处修饰动词solve，用副词修饰，rapid的副词形式为rapidly“快速地”。 (3) We can cut out different ________ (shape) like circles and squares for the art class. 【答案】shapes 【详解】句意：我们可以为美术课剪出圆形和正方形等不同形状。“shape”是名词，意为“形状”。根据前面的修饰词different以及后面列举的circles and squares可知，此处需用复数形式。故填shapes。 (4) Many patients can’t afford ________ (see) a doctor, so we need to give a helping hand. 【答案】to see 【详解】句意：许多病人负担不起看医生的费用，所以我们需要伸出援手。afford to do sth.表示“负担得起做某事”，afford后接动词不定式作宾语。 (5) “________ (certain)!” the boy answered when his mother asked for help. 【答案】Certainly 【详解】句意：妈妈寻求帮助时，男孩回答：“当然！” 此处单独引语，要用副词作状语，certain是形容词，副词形式为certainly，注意句首单词首字母需大写。故填Certainly。 (6) This new-style dress is ________ (suit) for the coming school dance party. 【答案】suitable 【详解】句意：这款新式连衣裙适合即将到来的学校舞会。括号给出动词suit“适合”，固定搭配be suitable for表示“适合……”，此处要用形容词作表语，因此填suitable。 (7) At ________ (bear), baby pandas are very tiny. 【答案】birth 【详解】句意：刚出生时，熊猫幼崽体型非常小。bear意为“生育”，对应的名词为birth“出生”，at birth意为“出生时”，固定搭配。故填birth。 (8) The ________ (produce) of this new product has increased by 50% this year. 【答案】production 【详解】句意：今年这款新产品的产量增长了50%。括号里给出的是动词produce，但空格前有定冠词The，空格后是of this new product，说明这里需要一个名词，表示“生产、产量”；produce的名词形式是production，意为“生产、产量”。 (9) E-payment is ________ (wide) used all over our country now. 【答案】widely 【详解】句意：电子支付如今在我国被广泛使用。本句为被动语态is used，需要副词修饰动词used。wide是形容词，副词形式为widely，意为“广泛地”。 (10) These postcards ________ (sell) in the museum shop every weekend. 【答案】are sold 【详解】句意：这些明信片每周末在博物馆商店售卖。时间状语“every weekend”表明句子使用一般现在时；主语“These postcards”与“sell”是被动关系，应用一般现在时被动语态结构“am/is/are+动词过去分词”；主语是复数，be动词使用“are”，“sell”使用过去分词形式“sold”。 (11) Last month, David was looking ________ (make) a simple robot for his science project. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：上个月，大卫打算为他的科学项目制作一个简单的机器人。固定搭配look to do sth.表示“计划或打算做某事”，空处要使用不定式结构to make作目的状语。 (12) Don’t touch the ________ (stick) paint on the wall, or it will stay on your fingers. 【答案】sticky 【详解】句意：不要碰墙上黏糊糊的油漆，否则它会粘在你的手指上。空格后是名词paint（涂料），需要用形容词来修饰，括号内给出的动词stick对应的形容词形式是sticky，意为“黏的”，sticky paint即“未干的黏涂料”。 3. 单项填空 (1) After years of hard work, his dream of becoming a writer has become a ________. A．reality B．papermaking C．bronze D．fibre 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过多年的努力，他成为作家的梦想已经成为现实。 reality现实；papermaking造纸术；bronze青铜；fibre纤维。根据“After years of hard work”和“his dream”可知，梦想经过努力变成了“现实”，become a reality为固定搭配，意为“成为现实”。 (2) The company is ________ for the pollution of the local river. A．responsible B．suitable C．ideal D．certain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家公司要对当地河流的污染负责。 responsible有责任的；suitable合适的；ideal理想的；certain确定的。固定搭配be responsible for意为“对……负责”，结合句意，应填responsible。 (3) News could travel much more ________ with inventions like the radio and the television. A．widely B．slowly C．rapidly D．gradually 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有了收音机和电视这样的发明，新闻的传播速度快得多了。 widely广泛地；slowly缓慢地；rapidly迅速地；gradually逐渐地。根据常识及“with inventions like the radio and the television”可知，收音机和电视等现代传媒技术的发明极大地加快了信息传递的时效性，使得新闻传播得更加“迅速”，rapidly符合语境逻辑。 (4) Childhood experiences often ______ a person’s character. A．melt B．gain C．shape D．attend 【答案】C 【详解】句意：童年经历经常塑造一个人的性格。 melt融化；gain获得；shape塑造；attend参加。根据“Childhood experiences”和“a person’s character”可知，童年经历会对性格形成产生影响，即 “塑造” 性格。应填shape。 (5) —Sorry, the phone is so expensive that I can’t ________ it. —No worries. We’ve got some cheap ones. This way, sir. A．repair B．protect C．afford D．use 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——不好意思，这部手机太贵了，我买不起。——没关系，我们有一些便宜款，这边请先生。 repair修理；protect保护；afford买得起、承担得起；use使用。根据句中expensive（昂贵的）和答句some cheap ones（便宜款），可知此处表达负担不起价格，应选afford。 (6) ________ Mike ________ his parents travelled abroad this summer holiday because ________ of them could afford the time to go there. A．Neither... nor; none B．Neither... nor; neither C．Either…or... ; either D．Either…or; all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个暑假迈克和他的父母都没有出国旅行，因为他们中没有人能抽出时间去那里。 Neither... nor...表示“既不…… 也不……”；Either... or...表示“要么……要么……”。none指三者及以上都不；neither表示“两者都不”；either表示“（两者之中）任意一个”；all表示“所有”。由“Mike... his parents”可知涉及三个人，第三空排除选项 B和C。如果第三空选择all，前文为“要么 Mike 出国，要么他父母出国”，前后逻辑不符，排除选项D。所以第一空和第二空应用Neither... nor...，第三空用none，前后逻辑通顺。 (7) We need to find a ________ place for the picnic. It should be near the river and not too crowded. A．rapid B．suitable C．expensive D．responsible 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要找一个合适的地方去野餐。它应该靠近河流且不要太拥挤。 rapid迅速的；suitable合适的；expensive昂贵的；responsible负责任的。根据“It should be near the river and not too crowded.”可知，后句提出了对野餐地点的具体要求，因此前句是指需要找一个“合适的”地方。suitable符合语境。 (8) The ________ of the baby brought great joy to the whole family. A．reality B．birth C．shape D．custom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个婴儿的出生给整个家庭带来了巨大的喜悦。 reality现实；birth出生；shape形状；custom习俗。“brought great joy to the whole family”提示“给家庭带来喜悦的事情应该是婴儿的出生”，应填birth。 (9) — How did you improve your English so much? — I ________ got used to reading English newspapers every morning. A．suddenly B．gradually C．differently D．certainly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你的英语是怎么提高这么多的？ —— 我逐渐习惯了每天早上读英文报纸。 suddenly突然地；gradually逐渐地；differently不同地；certainly当然。坚持每天读报纸是长期循序渐进的过程，英语水平是慢慢提升的，此处表达“渐渐地、逐步地”，因此应填gradually。 (10) My grandpa ________ live in the countryside, and this old tool ________ cut crops many years ago. A．used to; was used to B．was used to; was used for C．used to; used to D．was used to; used for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去常常住在农村，而这个旧工具多年前被用来收割庄稼。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to do sth.被用来做某事；be used for doing sth.被用来做某事。第一空主语My grandpa是人，表示过去的状态，表达“我爷爷过去住在乡下”，应用used to；第二空主语是“旧工具”，工具是“被用来割庄稼”的，后面接动词原形cut，应用was used to。 (11) The chopsticks we use every day ________ bamboo, while the paper we write on ________ wood. A．are made from, is made from B．are made of, is made of C．are made from, is made of D．are made of, is made from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们每天使用的筷子是由竹子制成的，而我们写字用的纸是由木头制成的。 考查动词短语辨析。be made from表示“由……制成”，从成品中看不出原材料；be made of表示“由……制成”，从成品中能看出原材料。根据常识可知，筷子由竹子制成，能看出原材料，所以第一空用“are made of”；纸由木头制成，看不出原材料，所以第二空用“is made from”。故选D。 (12) As the rules say, all waste paper ________ into the green bin. A．must put B．must be put C．must be putting D．must to put 【答案】B 【详解】句意：正如规定所说，所有废纸必须被放入绿色垃圾桶中。 主语“all waste paper”与动词put之间是被动关系，表示“被放入”。情态动词must后接动词原形，被动语态结构为must be+过去分词。应选must be put。 4. 短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” In fact, many great 1 (discover) and inventions would not have been possible without this quality. Curiosity often leads 2 new understanding. Benjamin Franklin, for example, was deeply curious about electricity. His experiments, widely known today, 3 (rapid) advanced early electrical science. Through his work, the lightning rod 4 (invent), protecting buildings from storms. Curiosity also drives people to create. During the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu was so curious about flight that he attempted to build a “flying chair” made of kites and rockets. He was supposed 5 (reach) the sky, but the test ended tragically. Still, his courage 6 (it) inspired later generations to explore space more safely. Curiosity, however, is not just about bold attempts. It also carries a 7 (responsible) to question, learn, and build upon what is known. People have always wondered how the world works and 8 to understand it better. This drive is at the heart of scientific progress. As explorer Jacques Cousteau noted, a scientist is like someone “looking through a keyhole, 9 opening into nature.” It is curiosity, 10 (complete) focused and patiently applied, that continues to open doors to new worlds for all of us. 【答案】1．discoveries 2．to 3．rapidly 4．was invented 5．to reach 6．itself 7．responsibility 8．how 9．an 10．completely 【导语】本文围绕“好奇心”这一主题展开论述，引用爱因斯坦、富兰克林、万户、雅克·库斯托等人的事例和名言，说明好奇心是科学发现与发明的重要动力，它能推动人们探索未知、创造新事物，是科学进步的核心。 【详解】 1．句意：事实上，如果没有这种品质，许多伟大的发现和发明都不可能实现。根据空前many可知，此处需填可数名词复数。括号内所给词为discover，其名词形式discovery的复数形式为discoveries。 2．句意：好奇心常常带来新的理解。lead to是固定搭配，意为“导致、带来”，故填to。 3．句意：他如今广为人知的实验，迅速推进了早期电学的发展。修饰动词advanced，需用副词形式。括号内所给词为rapid，其副词形式为rapidly。 4．句意：通过他的工作，避雷针被发明出来，保护建筑物免受风暴侵袭。主语the lightning rod与invent之间是被动关系，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 5．句意：他本应到达天空，但试验以悲剧告终。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“本应该做某事”，reach的不定式是to reach。 6．句意：尽管如此，他的勇气激励了后人更安全地探索太空。此处用于强调“他的勇气本身”，作主语his courage的同位语，表示强调用it的反身代词itself，意为“本身、自身”，指他的勇气本身激励了后人。 7．句意：它还承载着一种质疑、学习并在已知基础上继续建设的责任。空前有不定冠词a修饰，需填名词单数。括号内所给词为responsible，其名词形式为responsibility。 8．句意：人们一直想知道世界是如何运作的，并试图更好地理解它。结合语境，这里表示“世界是如何运作的”，此处用how构成疑问词 + 不定式结构作宾语，与前面的how并列，构成“wondered how... and how...”，表示“想知道世界是如何运作的，以及如何更好地理解它”。故填how。 9．句意：正如探险家雅克·库斯托所说，科学家就像“透过钥匙孔观察、一个通往自然的大门”的人。 在这个语境中，科学家透过钥匙孔看到的是“一个通向大自然的开口”，泛指“一个开口”，需要用不定冠词表示泛指的数量“一个”。opening在此作名词，意为“开口”，以元音音素/əʊ/开头，用不定冠词an。 10．句意：正是好奇心，完全专注并耐心运用，继续为我们所有人打开通往新世界的大门。修饰形容词focused，需用副词形式。括号内所给词为complete，其副词形式为completely。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 这场大雨引起了这个小村庄的洪水。 【答案】The heavy rain was responsible for the flood in the small village. (2) 我们需要加快存钱速度，这样才能买得起一辆新车。 【答案】We need to speed up saving money so we can afford to buy a new car. (3) 你知道吗？一次意外导致了便利贴的发明。 【答案】Did you know that an accident led to the invention of sticky notes? (4) 我们正试图找到更好的塑料回收利用方法。 【答案】We are looking to find better ways to recycle plastic. (5) 后来，我妈妈决定买那件贵的外套而不是便宜的那件，因为贵的更暖和。 【答案】Later on, my mum decided to buy the expensive coat instead of the cheap one because it was warmer. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $