专题05 书面表达题（复习讲义）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题05 书面表达题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 阅读表达 知识解构 知识点1 细节理解 知识点2 判断正误并解释 知识点3 开放性表达 考向破译 考向 01 记叙文 考向02 说明文 考向03 议论文 考点二 书信写作 知识解构 知识点1 建议信 知识点2 邀请信 知识点3 介绍类 考向破译 考向 01 校园生活 考向02 环境保护 考向03 科学技术 考点三 语法与运用 知识解构 知识点1 易错语法点 知识点2 一句多译 知识点3 表达升级 考向破译 考向01 动词时态语态 考向02 非谓语动词 考向03 从句 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 细节理解 √ √ √ 判断正误并解释 √ √ √ 开放性表达 √ √ √ 建议信 就倡议内容提出建议 对介绍中国的发展成就提出建议 介绍类 介绍主题活动和收获 考情分析 题型与考向： 分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 1.阅读表达命题侧重信息定位、同义转述、逻辑辨析、结合个人实际输出。 2.书信写作以邮件、投稿为主，主题围绕校园活动、青年责任、科技、文化、社会议题。 3.命题趋势：融合真实情境，强化思维品质；不再简单抄原文，要求同义转述；开放题强调结合自身真实体验；书面表达鼓励高级句式，但拒绝堆砌复杂句型，语言得体优先。 复习目标 1.阅读表达：熟练定位原文信息，规范简答格式；掌握正误辨析答题范式；开放题做到要点清晰、字数可控。 2.书信写作：掌握介绍类、建议信、邀请信等高频体裁；积累主题词汇与句型；规避语法、要点遗漏失分。 3.语法运用：重点攻克非谓语、各类从句、时态语态，学会同义改写、句式升级。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 阅读表达 知识点1 细节理解 知●识●解●构 细节简答核心是精准定位 + 信息转换，不能直接摘抄长难原句。 ① 定位环节：抓取题干特殊疑问词、专有名词、数字、核心名词/动词，回原文扫读定位，锁定答案句；区分事实类、原因类、方式类设问。 ② 信息提取：剥离修饰成分（定语、状语、插入语），保留主干主谓宾核心信息。 ③ 同义转述转换：词性转换（动词↔名词、形容词↔名词）、句式转换（主动↔被动）、同义短语替换，规避原文原句照搬。 ④ 作答规范：根据问句匹配回答形式，特殊疑问句优先完整句；一般疑问句用 Yes/No + 简要解释；保证时态、人称、单复数和原文保持一致；剔除无关冗余信息，做到问什么答什么。 得分速记 1.圈画题干关键词，回文定位，锁定答案句； 2.优先使用原文核心信息，适当改写，去掉无关修饰； 3.特殊疑问词匹配：What 答事物；What ...do答sb. +谓语；Why 答原因（because）；How 答方式(By doing)。 易错提醒 1.直接抄写长句，不加删减，出现冗余信息； 2.答非所问，问题问原因，回答成事实； 3.人称、时态和问题不一致； 4.漏答关键点，只写部分信息。 知识点2 判断正误并解释 知●识●解●构 该题型分为两步：定位错误片段 + 原文依据阐释。 ① 比对原句和题干陈述，排查四类逻辑错误：概念偷换、因果倒置、程度篡改（all/some；remove/lower）、主体对象错位。 ② 精准划出出错的局部片段，禁止整句划线。 ③ 理由书写范式：According to the passage + 原文信息改写，使用客观陈述句式，不使用主观 I think。 ④ 语法要求：理由句时态和原文匹配，转述时注意从句、非谓语结构改写，保证句子语法正确，逻辑对比清晰。 得分速记 1.对比题干句子和原文，找到概念偷换、因果颠倒、程度词错误； 2.只画错误片段，不要整句全部划线； 3.解释理由必须依托文本，不要主观发挥。 易错提醒 1.整句话全部划线，没有精准定位错误片段； 2.解释理由用自己主观想法，不引用原文； 3.混淆程度：如原文 lower（降低），题干写 remove（消除）；原文 not have to be at odds，题干写 are often in conflict。 知识点3 开放性表达 知●识●解●构 开放表达是"文本主旨 + 个人现实"的结合写作，不是自由作文。 ① 立意锚定：第一句必须紧扣原文核心主旨，不能脱离阅读材料。 ② 逻辑搭建：两层结构——观点表态 + 结合自身学习、生活实例佐证。 ③ 语法规划：控制句子数量（2-3 句为宜），长短句搭配；优先选用自己熟练掌握的句式（状语从句、非谓语、定语从句），不强行堆砌陌生复杂结构。 ④ 词数管控：35-45 词；词数不足补充逻辑细节，词数超标就删减修饰性从句、冗余状语。 ⑤ 衔接逻辑：合理使用过渡连词，保证句间逻辑连贯。 得分速记 1.紧扣文章主题，不要脱离文本主旨； 2.结合个人实际（学习、生活）； 3.词数控制，过少要点不足，过多容易出现语法错误。 易错提醒 1.完全脱离文章，自由发挥； 2.词数严重超标或者过少； 3.句子堆砌，逻辑混乱。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查记叙文 1.（北京市石景山区2026届高三一模英语试题）The prize may belong to the fastest, but sometimes the person who lifts the trophy (奖杯) is not the only winner. That was clearly seen at a recent cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. There were two main runners in the event: Marcus Lee and Daniel Rivera. Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. Daniel, from North Ridge High, was known by his classmates as someone who would rather help others than gain attention for himself. He once told his teammates, “When you are standing at a crossroad, you can choose the path of self-interest, or you can go the extra mile for someone in need.” The race went smoothly at first. The runners moved like a colourful river through the trees. With less than one kilometre to go, however, Marcus stepped on a loose stone, lost his balance and fell, badly hurting his knee. “I heard a sharp sound and felt something go wrong,” Daniel later recalled. Marcus tried to stand up and waved for Daniel to pass him and keep going. For most athletes, crossing the line first is the main goal. But in that moment, winning suddenly seemed less important to Daniel. As he reached Marcus, he saw the pain on his face and heard his short, shaking breaths. Instead of running ahead, Daniel stopped and put Marcus’s arm over his shoulder. Slowly step by step, they moved towards the finish line together. “Helping him finish meant more than any medal,” Daniel said later. “That day, we both won in a different way.” 1．What event did Marcus and Daniel take part in? 2．Why had Marcus trained so hard for months? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. 4．What do you think of Daniel’s choice in the race? (In about 40 words) 2.（北京市第一零一中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题） As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and I lived out this fantasy by setting up aquariums(鱼缸) at home. Then, at 20, I was introduced to photographer David Liittschwager, who hired me to help him with a magazine assignment on marine life. David’s assignment was to document the amazing biodiversity found in the ocean. My role was to collect species for him to photograph. Every night, I would cast a floating lamp. Like moths drawn to a flame, mysterious creatures would emerge from the depths in search of this light. I’d then set up aquariums to house them as they waited for David to take their shot. Those evenings made me feel as if I were on another planet. I had never imagined such strange life-forms could exist in our oceans. But I didn’t grasp the true magic of what was in front of me until I saw the photographs David took. The biggest surprise was his image of a baby flounder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I notice its two tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand. Years after that project, I was snorkeling(潜水) on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew. 1．What was the author’s responsibility in David’s assignment? 2．Why was David’s image of a baby flounder the biggest surprise to the author? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation. 4．What can help you see the world anew?(In about 40 words) 考向2 考查说明文 1.（北京市通州区2026届4月高三年级模拟考试英语试卷） Have you ever thought of changing people’s behaviors by simple efforts? One effective approach is nudge theory. It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions. Sometimes it’s a physical push. A parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental push. A manager might nudge employees to work faster by reminding them that a deadline is coming up. In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice or action seem more attractive or beneficial than other options. And second, design nudges imply the best option instead of being explicit about it. An experiment in Lisbon, Portugal, provides a good example of a design nudge. The experiment was designed to make crossing the street safer. Instead of waiting for the walk signal, walkers were crossing whenever there was a break in traffic, which could be very dangerous. As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure — something amusing to watch, which encouraged them to wait before crossing. As a result, the proportion of people who crossed at an unsafe time dropped significantly. There are other examples of nudges designed to promote beneficial choices. Students can be nudged to replace a cycle of negative behavior — such as choosing unhealthy food at lunch — with positive behaviors. Studies show that the majority of people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line. People don’t notice when an effective design nudge pushes them toward a certain action or decision. Businesses may create helpful nudges that benefit both consumers and themselves. For example, an app that provides online services might set a reasonable free-use plan as the default option and hide automatic paid subscriptions in an advanced setting. This protects users from unwanted charges and helps the company gain long-term customer trust. Design nudges are all around us because they are an effective way for designers to promote certain behaviors of people who use the design. 1．What is nudge theory? 2．What change was made in an experiment to ensure safer crossing? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Schools can put healthier dishes at the end of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. 4．How can you use the nudge theory in your daily life? (In about 40 words) 2.（北京清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三三模保温练习英语试题） Over breakfast, I chatted with Mia, my Spanish study buddy. I reviewed my recent lesson and shared what I’d learned from a podcast. By the end of our 10-minute talk, I felt I had gained more than from another textbook exercise. Mia, however, is not a real person. She is an AI I created to make use of the “protege effect.” It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The principle of “learning by teaching” was first introduced in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher, who allowed students to research and present parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation and self-confidence, and it soon spread to many other schools. In one study, a US scientist, Caroline Chase tested its effectiveness. Her team asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to learn about the biological changes during a fever. Over two lessons, students read a text and created a flowchart. Half did it as self-study; the others were told their work would help teach a virtual character on the screen. It was a small change, but the students in the role of teacher scored significantly better. This increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. Chase’s team named this the “protege effect”, and it has since been confirmed by later studies. Knowing that others will learn from us creates a sense of responsibility to provide accurate information. This responsibility drives us to make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our own understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before we pass them on. Explaining our knowledge then helps to strengthen what we have learned. So why not give it a try? To truly master something, start teaching it — even if your student is only a virtual one. 1．What is the “protege effect”? 2．Why did students in the role of teacher score better in Chase’s study? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. 4．How can you put the “protege effect” into practice? (In about 40 words) 策略归纳 技巧1：核心是迁移文中方法到自己生活； 技巧2：多用 if 引导条件状语从句，表达做法带来的效果； 技巧3：尽量使用主动语态，清晰说明自己的情况或者做法。 考向 3 考查议论文 （北京师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题）The older I get, the more I realize that suffering is not selective. No one is safe. It touches every life, regardless of status, race, success, good choices, or even good intentions. Suffering is not a mistake from life; it is built into the fabric of it. And while suffering is unavoidable, not all suffering is the same. There is necessary suffering, and there is unnecessary suffering. Necessary suffering is the kind that accompanies growth, truth-telling, love, loss, and transformation. Unnecessary suffering often arises from resistance, avoidance, denial, unhealthy attachments, or the stories we tell ourselves about our pain. Much of the work of emotional and spiritual maturity is learning to detect the difference. Much of suffering does not originate in circumstances, but in the mind itself. When the inner critic, fear, or depression becomes the primary speaker of reality, suffering multiplies. Yet when curiosity replaces judgment, and compassion replaces self-attack, necessary suffering can become a teacher rather than a troublemaker. Some of the deepest suffering we experience happens in relationships. The suffering isn’t just about conflict; it is about disconnection with others. Relational suffering also shows up when we are treated poorly by a partner, dismissed at work, abandoned by someone we trust, or when a relationship ends despite our best efforts. There is necessary suffering in setting boundaries, telling the truth, or leaving what harms us. There is unnecessary suffering in staying silent, abandoning ourselves, or hoping someone will change while we continue to absorb the damage. Then there is grief — the suffering that comes from loss. For example, Maria lost her partner unexpectedly. Overnight, the future she imagined disappeared. Grief entered her body, her breath, her sense of time. Nothing about this suffering was optional. Love guarantees grief; to love deeply is to risk loss deeply. Grief is not something to fix or rush through. It is a necessary suffering, one that asks to be honored, not avoided. It’s precious. When we allow grief to break us open rather than shut us down, it becomes a profound expression of love itself. How we frame our suffering matters deeply. Our interpretation of pain can either open us or imprison us. It can soften us or harden us. It can become a gateway to love, or a wall against it. 1．What is necessary suffering? 2．Where does much of the suffering originate? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  When grief shuts us down, it becomes a profound expression of love itself. 4．Describe one of your necessary suffering. 策略归纳 技巧1：先转述文章观点，再落地到自身实际； 技巧2：多用 when 引导时间状语从句，贴合实际场景； 技巧3：避免绝对化表达（never, always），语气理性客观。 考点二 书信写作 知识点1 建议信 知●识●解●构 建议信属于交际类邮件，固定三段式交际结构。 ① 开头段：回应对方来信，点明收到来信、知晓对方情况，引入话题及目的。 ② 主体段：给出 1-2 条核心建议，每条建议配套理由；理由可以用 as / because 引导原因状语从句，用 if 引导条件状语从句说明建议带来的积极结果；建议句式多用情态动词 should、could，语气委婉。 ③ 结尾段：表达祝愿，期待对方回信。 ④ 格式规范：称呼、结束语、署名完整；人称以第二人称 you 为主，I 用来表达自己看法。 得分速记 1.建议句式：I suggest… / I'd recommend… / It's a good idea to… 2.理由用 because / as 引导原因状语从句，也可以用定语从句或者非谓语动词或倒装句式取代； 3.要点齐全，理由贴合主题。 易错提醒 1.缺少理由，只提建议； 2.格式错误，遗漏称呼、结束语； 3.语气生硬，不适合朋友之间邮件。 知识点2 邀请信 知●识●解●构 邀请信核心是传递活动信息、发出邀约；时态分为两类：介绍活动安排用一般将来时；介绍活动意义、常规属性用一般现在时。 ① 开头：I'm writing to invite you to… 开门见山，点明写信目的。 ② 主体：交代三要素——时间、地点、活动内容；2-3 个活动环节，用并列连词分层；可以用定语从句补充活动亮点。 ③ 结尾：表达期待，如Look forward to doing 固定结构。 ④ 交际要点：信息清晰，方便对方判断是否参加，语气热情得体。 得分速记 1.邀请句型：I'm writing to invite you to… 2.时间地点交代清晰； 3.活动内容2-3点，用连接词或短语分层。 易错提醒 1.遗漏时间、地点关键信息； 2.时态混用；活动还未发生用将来时。 知识点3 介绍类 知●识●解●构 介绍类写作分为"介绍事件 + 抒发感悟"两部分，时态区分明确：已经完成的活动、经历用一般过去时；感悟、长期收获、道理总结用一般现在时。 ① 开篇：引出事件背景，告知写信缘由。 ② 主体段落：按照时间顺序介绍活动过程；可以用分词作状语、定语从句丰富描写。 ③ 收尾：写个人收获、思想改变，升华主题。 ④ 投稿类（非邮件）：不需要书信格式，标题 + 正文，同样遵循叙事 + 感悟结构。 得分速记 1.介绍活动常用被动、非谓语描写活动； 2.感悟部分紧扣青年成长、收获能力、思想变化。 易错提醒 1.要点缺失：题目要求"介绍+感悟"，只写活动不写感受； 2.时态错误，已经举办完的活动多用一般过去时。 考●向●破●译 考向一 校园生活 1．（北京东城区2025-2026学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二） 英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim正在策划一次班级研学活动，就活动的主题来信征求你的建议。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1. 你的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2．（2026届北京海淀高三查漏补缺英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校最近正在组织“青年担当·主动作为”的主题活动。你深度参与并发起了一项改善校园的行动。请你向学校英文报刊投稿，内容包括： 1.你发起的行动 2.你的收获 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 I recently launched an initiative to improve our school. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（北京清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三三模保温练习英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校上周开展了主题为“运动邂逅青春”的活动。你的外国好友Jim来信就此询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.活动情况； 2.你的感受。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考向二 环境保护 1．（北京市第一零一中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英文报正在举办以“Labor Shaped Me”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 你的劳动经历； 2. 该经历对你的影响。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（北京朝阳区2025-2026学年高三年级第二学期质量检测一英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim即将参加主题为“Skills Needed for a Sustainable Future”的联合国青年论坛(UN Youth Forum)，为此发来邮件，就发言内容询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你认为重要的技能； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考向三 科学技术 1．（北京市海淀区2025-2026学年第二学期期中练习高三英语试题（一模））假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办“未来已来”（The Future is Here）的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友Jim参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．活动安排（时间、地点等）； 2．活动内容。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2．（2026届北京市丰台区高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试卷）假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim得知你校上周举办了“网络安全”（Cyber Security）主题教育活动，来信就此询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的收获。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3．（2026届北京顺义区高三年级二模英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你所在的项目小组最近进行了一项关于你校高三学生使用AI智能助手（如 DeepSeek）情况的调查（见下图）。你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 调查结果描述； 2. 你的使用情况及理由。 提示词： AI 智能助手  AI assistant 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考点三 语法与运用 知●识●解●构 书面表达中的"语法与运用"不是孤立背语法点，而是把语法知识转化为写对、写顺、写美的能力。本考点围绕三大能力模块展开： ① 写对——基础语法零失分 时态语态（过去的过去用过去完成时、被动 be+done）、非谓语动词（to do 表目的、doing 表伴随主动、done 表被动完成）、三大从句（定语从句看缺成分、状语从句主将从现、宾语从句陈述语序）。这是写作的保底分，出现一个谓语并列、引导词用错即扣分。 ② 写顺——句式多样不单调 一句话多译：同一语义在简单句、非谓语结构、复合句之间灵活转换，避免全文清一色简单句；句间用分词、过渡结构替代 and/but 基础连词，实现逻辑衔接。 ③ 写美——亮点句式提档次 表达升级聚焦语法结构而非单词替换：语序升级（倒装、强调句 It is…that…）、句式升级（分词作状语、with 复合结构、介词+which 定语从句、as 倒装让步）、逻辑衔接升级。升级原则：一篇 2-3 处即可，量力而行，语法正确优先。 三者的关系：写对是底线，写顺是加分，写美是锦上添花；层次递进，缺一不可。 知识点1 易错语法点 得分速记 1.时态判定逻辑：先看事件是否发生、有无先后顺序，再选定时态，保证全文同一场景时态统一。 2.非谓语动词中，to do：表目的、将来、意料之外结果；doing：主动、进行、伴随、习惯；done：被动、已经完成。核心规则：一个简单句只能有一套谓语，其余动词必须处理为非谓语。逗号后面 doing 一般作伴随状语； 3.定语从句分清关系代词、关系副词。 4.被动语态：主语是动作承受者，结构 be + done，注意不同时态下 be 动词变形； 5. 定语从句：区分关系代词（that / which / who，在从句做主/宾）、关系副词（where / when / why，做状语）、介词 + which 结构；状语从句：时间、原因、条件、让步状语从句，熟记引导词，注意主将从现；宾语从句：陈述语序，时态呼应。 易错提醒 1.非谓语和谓语混用，一个句子两套谓语； 2.定语从句 where / which 混淆； 3.写作中频繁出现时态跳跃。 知识点2 一句多译 同一个中文语义，使用不同英语句式、词汇、句型结构输出，核心含义不变，句式复杂度、词汇层级有差异。 例句 1：得知你对我们的活动很感兴趣，我写信向你介绍相关情况。 版本 1（简单句）：You are interested in our activity, so I'm writing to introduce it to you. 版本 2（现在分词作状语，高考书信高频）：Knowing you are interested in our activity, I'm writing to introduce it to you. 版本 3（原因状语从句）：Since you show great interest in our activity, I'm writing to give you a brief introduction of it. 例句 2：这次经历极大拓宽了我的视野。 版本 1（基础）：This experience greatly broadens my horizons. 版本 2（定语从句）：This is an experience that greatly broadens my horizons. 版本 3（倒装）：So greatly does this experience broaden my horizons. 例句 3：我们应该积极参加社会实践活动。 版本 1（基础）：We should take an active part in social practice activities. 版本 2（be supposed to）：We are supposed to participate actively in social practice activities. 版本 3（it 作形式主语）：It is advisable for us to get actively involved in social practice activities. 例句 4：合作可以帮助我们克服困难。 版本 1：Cooperation can help us overcome difficulties. 版本 2：It is cooperation that helps us get over difficulties.（强调句） 版本 3：Only through cooperation can we manage to get over various difficulties.（倒装） 例句 5：劳动让我懂得责任的重要性。 版本 1：Labor makes me realize the importance of responsibility. 版本 2：It is through labor that I come to understand how significant responsibility is.（强调 + 宾语从句） 版本 3：Labor shapes me, making me aware of the value of responsibility.（非谓语作伴随状语） 得分速记 1.简单句：主谓宾基础表达； 2.非谓语：把两个短句，其中一个改成 doing / to do / done； 3.定语从句：用 which / who 把两个句子合并。 易错提醒 改写之后保证语法正确，不能为高级句式牺牲语义。 知识点 3表达升级 本质：同一语义，用不同语法结构改写，用于写作句式多样化升级，避免全文都是简单句。 转换路径：简单句 ↔ 非谓语结构改写 ↔ 复合句（定语/状语从句）改写。 1.非谓语升级：两个简单句合并，把次要信息改为分词作状语/定语，删掉重复主语，句子更紧凑。 2.定语从句升级：两个短句，把修饰名词的信息改写为 which / who / where 引导的定语从句。 3.名词性从句升级：把简单的名词信息改成主语从句、宾语从句。 4.强调句 It is…that…：突出句子某一部分（主语、宾语、状语）。 5.倒装句：否定词置于句首、only + 状语置于句首，部分倒装；适合升华观点句。 6.with 复合结构：作状语描写背景、伴随状态，书信/读后续写高频。 例句1 我的作品是一幅手绘图画，画中一位年轻的中国宇航员站在天宫空间站旁。 My work is a hand-drawn picture. It features a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station. 1.过去分词作定语（非谓语）升级 My work is a hand-drawn picture featuring a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station. 语法：现在分词 featuring 作后置定语，替代第二个简单句。 2.which 非限制性定语从句升级 My work is a hand-drawn picture, which features a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station. 3.with 复合结构升级 My work is a hand-drawn picture, with a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station in it. 例句2 我在学校学到了基础直播技巧，因此我可以把知识付诸实践。 I've learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, so I can put knowledge into practice. 1.现在分词作原因状语（非谓语）升级 Having learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, I can put knowledge into practice. 语法：having done 完成式分词，动作先于主句动作。 2.which 定语从句升级 I've learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, which enables me to put knowledge into practice. 3.强调句升级（强调原因） It is the basic live-broadcast skills I have learned at school that enable me to put knowledge into practice. 例句3 我们保护个人信息，这和保护我们自身同等重要。 We protect personal information. It is as important as protecting ourselves. 1.which 非限制性定语从句升级 We should protect personal information, which is as important as protecting ourselves. 2.主语从句升级（名词性从句） What matters is that protecting personal information is as important as protecting ourselves. 3.Only + 状语 倒装升级（观点升华） Only by protecting personal information can we truly protect ourselves. 例句4 我注意到每学期旧课本都被丢弃，于是我发起了"校园图书角"项目。 I noticed that used textbooks were thrown away every semester. I started a "Campus Book Nook" project. 1.现在分词作状语（非谓语）升级 Noticing that used textbooks were thrown away every semester, I started a "Campus Book Nook" project. 2.with 复合结构 With used textbooks thrown away every semester, I launched a "Campus Book Nook" project. 3.强调句升级 It was because I noticed used textbooks were thrown away every semester that I started a "Campus Book Nook" project. 例句5 看到世界各地青年才俊应对全球性挑战，这件事非常鼓舞人心。 Seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges was incredibly motivating. 1.主语从句改写（名词性从句，替换动名词作主语） What was incredibly motivating was seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges. 2.倒装升级（表语置于句首） Incredibly motivating was seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges. 3.定语从句嵌套改写 What we saw, which was incredibly motivating, was how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges. 例句6 科技是连接过去与未来的有力桥梁。 原句：Technology is a powerful bridge connecting our past to the future. 1.虚拟语气（写假设：如果没有科技） Without technology, we could never build such a powerful bridge connecting our past to our future. without 含蓄虚拟，与现在事实相反，主句用 could do。 2.混合语法：虚拟 + 非谓语 Were there no modern-day technology, we would fail to build a powerful bridge linking our past to our future. 倒装虚拟：Were there no… = If there were no… 得分速记 1.基础保底：简单主谓宾，保证不出错； 2.进阶简化：两个分句无先后目的以外逻辑，可以改成非谓语； 3.高级升级：需要补充解释、限定信息，用定语从句；表达因果条件，用状语从句； 4.改写之后核对主谓一致、引导词匹配。 易错提醒 为追求高级句式强行改写，出现从句引导词错误、非谓语主被动搞错；改写后改变原意。 •非谓语：优先选 doing / having done / done，最容易上手，作文每篇 1-2 处就足够，用来合并两个简单句。 •定语从句：遇到两个短句有共同名词，就用 which / who 衔接，避免简单句堆砌。 •强调句：适合观点句，强调原因、条件，不要滥用，全文 1 次即可。 •倒装句：适合结尾升华句（only + 状语），不要用在普通叙事句。 •虚拟语气：适合假设、反思，书信结尾抒发感悟时用，不要强行堆砌。 考●向●破●译 考向一 动词时态语态 1．（2026届北京大学附属中学适应性练习英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你准备参加学校组织的“乡村振兴·青年担当”暑期社会实践活动，你的英国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍你打算参与的一项活动； 2.选择的原因。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2026届北京西城区高三模拟测试英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你参加了APEC中国年组委会举办的“中国力量·大家说”国际交流活动，介绍了一位代表中国精神的榜样人物，你的英国好友Jim对此很感兴趣。请你用英文给他发邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍该榜样人物； 2. 阐述他/她对你的影响。 注意：1. 词数120左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考向二 非谓语动词 1．（2026届北京市石景山区高三二模考试英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在举办“最美中国风”的社团活动，你的外国朋友Jim对此很感兴趣。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.活动情况； 2.你的感受。 注意： 1.词数100字左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2．（2026届北京市西城区下学期4月高三统一测试英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说你参加了全球青少年机器人设计大赛，想了解相关情况。请你用英文给他发邮件，内容包括: 1. 介绍你的参赛作品； 2. 分享参赛感想。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3．（北京市通州区2026届4月高三年级模拟考试英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim获悉你校正在开展“健康校园”倡议征集活动，为此发来邮件想了解你的倡议内容。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍你的倡议； 2.给出理由。 提示词：倡议proposal 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考向三 从句 1．（北京海淀区2025-2026学年第二学期期末练习高三英语试题（二模））假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。世卫组织(WHO)面向全球青少年发起以“携手同行，共护健康”(Together for Well-Being)为主题的倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．提出的建议； 2．建议的理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2．（北京市海淀区2025-2026学年第二学期期中练习高三英语试题（一模））假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办“未来已来”（The Future is Here）的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友Jim参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．活动安排（时间、地点等）； 2．活动内容。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 阅读表达 1.（2026年高考北京卷英语高考真题） “Winners never quit and quitters never win.” It’s a great expression of our admiration of courage and persistence (坚持). But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. There is a famous story about the Scottish king Robert the Bruce. Robert hid in a cave after his sixth defeat by the English, and there he watched a spider (蜘蛛) try to secure its web to the cave wall. The spider tried and failed six times before finally succeeding. Robert then decided to return to the fight, winning independence for the Scots — on the seventh attempt. King Robert’s story offers a deep well of inspiration for those who most need it. But lately I’ve been thinking about a possibility the story ignores. What if the spider had been climbing the wrong corner of the cave? There’s a crucial difference between failing at the right thing and persisting at the wrong one. When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. Quitting is in fact necessary for growth. By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. We can imagine a different version of King Robert’s story. In this story, the spider falls a seventh time. It stops on the stone floor — and then turns, moving slowly towards a different corner of the cave, where the wind is calmer and the flies more plentiful. 1．What is Aristotle’s observation according to this passage? 2．Why is quitting necessary for growth? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. 4．How can you apply the idea of “moving towards a different corner” to a real-life challenge? (In about 40 words) 2.（2025高考北京卷英语） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 1．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 2．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 4．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) 3.（2024年北京卷英语真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 1．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 2．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 4．From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) 题组二 书信写作 1．（2026年高考北京卷英语高考真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校上个月开展了“当运动遇见AI”(When Sports Meet AI)的主题活动，你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括: 1.活动内容; 2.你的收获。 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2．（2025高考北京卷英语）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。联合国正面向全球青少年开展倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 提出的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 提示词：倡议 proposal 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3．（2024年北京卷英语真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)建议投稿内容； (2)就以上建议简要说明理由。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 书面表达题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 阅读表达 知识解构 知识点1 细节理解 知识点2 判断正误并解释 知识点3 开放性表达 考向破译 考向 01 记叙文 考向02 说明文 考向03 议论文 考点二 书信写作 知识解构 知识点1 建议信 知识点2 邀请信 知识点3 介绍类 考向破译 考向 01 校园生活 考向02 环境保护 考向03 科学技术 考点三 语法与运用 知识解构 知识点1 易错语法点 知识点2 一句多译 知识点3 表达升级 考向破译 考向01 动词时态语态 考向02 非谓语动词 考向03 从句 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 细节理解 √ √ √ 判断正误并解释 √ √ √ 开放性表达 √ √ √ 建议信 就倡议内容提出建议 对介绍中国的发展成就提出建议 介绍类 介绍主题活动和收获 考情分析 题型与考向： 分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 1.阅读表达命题侧重信息定位、同义转述、逻辑辨析、结合个人实际输出。 2.书信写作以邮件、投稿为主，主题围绕校园活动、青年责任、科技、文化、社会议题。 3.命题趋势：融合真实情境，强化思维品质；不再简单抄原文，要求同义转述；开放题强调结合自身真实体验；书面表达鼓励高级句式，但拒绝堆砌复杂句型，语言得体优先。 复习目标 1.阅读表达：熟练定位原文信息，规范简答格式；掌握正误辨析答题范式；开放题做到要点清晰、字数可控。 2.书信写作：掌握介绍类、建议信、邀请信等高频体裁；积累主题词汇与句型；规避语法、要点遗漏失分。 3.语法运用：重点攻克非谓语、各类从句、时态语态，学会同义改写、句式升级。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 阅读表达 知识点1 细节理解 知●识●解●构 细节简答核心是精准定位 + 信息转换，不能直接摘抄长难原句。 ① 定位环节：抓取题干特殊疑问词、专有名词、数字、核心名词/动词，回原文扫读定位，锁定答案句；区分事实类、原因类、方式类设问。 ② 信息提取：剥离修饰成分（定语、状语、插入语），保留主干主谓宾核心信息。 ③ 同义转述转换：词性转换（动词↔名词、形容词↔名词）、句式转换（主动↔被动）、同义短语替换，规避原文原句照搬。 ④ 作答规范：根据问句匹配回答形式，特殊疑问句优先完整句；一般疑问句用 Yes/No + 简要解释；保证时态、人称、单复数和原文保持一致；剔除无关冗余信息，做到问什么答什么。 得分速记 1.圈画题干关键词，回文定位，锁定答案句； 2.优先使用原文核心信息，适当改写，去掉无关修饰； 3.特殊疑问词匹配：What 答事物；What ...do答sb. +谓语；Why 答原因（because）；How 答方式(By doing)。 易错提醒 1.直接抄写长句，不加删减，出现冗余信息； 2.答非所问，问题问原因，回答成事实； 3.人称、时态和问题不一致； 4.漏答关键点，只写部分信息。 知识点2 判断正误并解释 知●识●解●构 该题型分为两步：定位错误片段 + 原文依据阐释。 ① 比对原句和题干陈述，排查四类逻辑错误：概念偷换、因果倒置、程度篡改（all/some；remove/lower）、主体对象错位。 ② 精准划出出错的局部片段，禁止整句划线。 ③ 理由书写范式：According to the passage + 原文信息改写，使用客观陈述句式，不使用主观 I think。 ④ 语法要求：理由句时态和原文匹配，转述时注意从句、非谓语结构改写，保证句子语法正确，逻辑对比清晰。 得分速记 1.对比题干句子和原文，找到概念偷换、因果颠倒、程度词错误； 2.只画错误片段，不要整句全部划线； 3.解释理由必须依托文本，不要主观发挥。 易错提醒 1.整句话全部划线，没有精准定位错误片段； 2.解释理由用自己主观想法，不引用原文； 3.混淆程度：如原文 lower（降低），题干写 remove（消除）；原文 not have to be at odds，题干写 are often in conflict。 知识点3 开放性表达 知●识●解●构 开放表达是"文本主旨 + 个人现实"的结合写作，不是自由作文。 ① 立意锚定：第一句必须紧扣原文核心主旨，不能脱离阅读材料。 ② 逻辑搭建：两层结构——观点表态 + 结合自身学习、生活实例佐证。 ③ 语法规划：控制句子数量（2-3 句为宜），长短句搭配；优先选用自己熟练掌握的句式（状语从句、非谓语、定语从句），不强行堆砌陌生复杂结构。 ④ 词数管控：35-45 词；词数不足补充逻辑细节，词数超标就删减修饰性从句、冗余状语。 ⑤ 衔接逻辑：合理使用过渡连词，保证句间逻辑连贯。 得分速记 1.紧扣文章主题，不要脱离文本主旨； 2.结合个人实际（学习、生活）； 3.词数控制，过少要点不足，过多容易出现语法错误。 易错提醒 1.完全脱离文章，自由发挥； 2.词数严重超标或者过少； 3.句子堆砌，逻辑混乱。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查记叙文 1.（北京市石景山区2026届高三一模英语试题）The prize may belong to the fastest, but sometimes the person who lifts the trophy (奖杯) is not the only winner. That was clearly seen at a recent cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. There were two main runners in the event: Marcus Lee and Daniel Rivera. Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. Daniel, from North Ridge High, was known by his classmates as someone who would rather help others than gain attention for himself. He once told his teammates, “When you are standing at a crossroad, you can choose the path of self-interest, or you can go the extra mile for someone in need.” The race went smoothly at first. The runners moved like a colourful river through the trees. With less than one kilometre to go, however, Marcus stepped on a loose stone, lost his balance and fell, badly hurting his knee. “I heard a sharp sound and felt something go wrong,” Daniel later recalled. Marcus tried to stand up and waved for Daniel to pass him and keep going. For most athletes, crossing the line first is the main goal. But in that moment, winning suddenly seemed less important to Daniel. As he reached Marcus, he saw the pain on his face and heard his short, shaking breaths. Instead of running ahead, Daniel stopped and put Marcus’s arm over his shoulder. Slowly step by step, they moved towards the finish line together. “Helping him finish meant more than any medal,” Daniel said later. “That day, we both won in a different way.” 1．What event did Marcus and Daniel take part in? 2．Why had Marcus trained so hard for months? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. 4．What do you think of Daniel’s choice in the race? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．They took part in a cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. 2．He had trained hard because he dreamed of earning a sports scholarship. 3．➤Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. Because according to the passage they come from different schools — Marcus is from Lakeside High School and  Daniel is from North Ridge High. 4． I think Daniel’s choice is truly inspiring. He puts kindness and compassion above personal glory, showing the best of sportsmanship. His selfless act proves that true victory lies not in winning a race, but in lifting others up. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在俄亥俄州格林菲尔德的一场越野赛跑中，原本有望夺冠的选手Daniel Rivera，在看到竞争对手Marcus Lee因摔倒膝盖受伤后，放弃独自冲线，选择搀扶Marcus一同走向终点的故事。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子“That was clearly seen at a recent cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. (这在俄亥俄州格林菲尔德最近的一场越野赛跑中体现得淋漓尽致。)”和第二段的句子“There were two main runners in the event: Marcus Lee and Daniel Rivera.(这次比赛有两名主要选手：Marcus Lee和Daniel Rivera。)”可知，Marcus Lee和Daniel Rivera参加的是在俄亥俄州格林菲尔德举行的越野赛跑。故答案为They took part in a cross-country race in Greenfield, Ohio. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段的句子“Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. 17岁的Marcus来自湖滨高中，他训练了几个月，梦想着获得体育奖学金。)”可知，Marcus刻苦训练的原因是想获得体育奖学金。故答案为He had trained hard because he dreamed of earning a sports scholarship. 3．考查细节理解。根据第二段的句子“Marcus, a 17-year-old from Lakeside High School, had trained for months, dreaming of earning a sports scholarship. Daniel, from North Ridge High, was known by his classmates as someone who would rather help others than gain attention for himself.(17岁的Marcus来自湖滨高中，他训练了几个月，梦想着获得体育奖学金。Daniel来自北岭高中，同学们都知道他是一个宁愿帮助别人也不愿为自己赢得关注的人。)”可知，Marcus和Daniel两人并非同一所学校的同学，因此表述中的Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School部分是错误的。故答案为Daniel, who had been Marcus’s close classmate at Lakeside High School, helped injured Marcus cross the finish line. Because according to the passage they come from different schools — Marcus is from Lakeside High School and  Daniel is from North Ridge High. 4．开放性试题。根据最后一段的句子“‘Helping him finish meant more than any medal,’ Daniel said later. ‘That day, we both won in a different way.’(丹尼尔后来说：‘帮他完成比赛比任何奖牌都重要。那天，我们都以不同的方式赢了。’)”可知，Daniel的选择体现了超越胜负的善意与体育精神。故答案为I think Daniel’s choice is truly inspiring. He puts kindness and compassion above personal glory, showing the best of sportsmanship. His selfless act proves that true victory lies not in winning a race, but in lifting others up. 2.（北京市第一零一中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题） As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and I lived out this fantasy by setting up aquariums(鱼缸) at home. Then, at 20, I was introduced to photographer David Liittschwager, who hired me to help him with a magazine assignment on marine life. David’s assignment was to document the amazing biodiversity found in the ocean. My role was to collect species for him to photograph. Every night, I would cast a floating lamp. Like moths drawn to a flame, mysterious creatures would emerge from the depths in search of this light. I’d then set up aquariums to house them as they waited for David to take their shot. Those evenings made me feel as if I were on another planet. I had never imagined such strange life-forms could exist in our oceans. But I didn’t grasp the true magic of what was in front of me until I saw the photographs David took. The biggest surprise was his image of a baby flounder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I notice its two tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand. Years after that project, I was snorkeling(潜水) on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew. 1．What was the author’s responsibility in David’s assignment? 2．Why was David’s image of a baby flounder the biggest surprise to the author? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation. 4．What can help you see the world anew?(In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The author’s responsibility was to collect species for David to photograph. 2．Because it revealed a universe of detail that the author had missed and showed the magic of photography. 3．Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography couldreproduce an observation./Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could expand our visual perception and teach us to see the world anew. 4．Seeing the world through different perspectives, experiencing new cultures, learning about diverse ideas and beliefs, engaging in meaningful conversations, traveling to new places, and being open to change and growth can all help you see the world anew. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲作者回忆自己年轻时协助摄影师David Liittschwager拍摄海洋生物的经历，通过David拍摄的鱼的照片，意识到摄影可以扩展视觉感知，让人重新看待世界，后来作者潜水时再次遇到小鱼，有了新的认知。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段的“My role was to collect species for him to photograph.(我的职责是收集物种供他拍摄)”可知，作者的职责是为大卫收集物种供他拍摄。故答案为The author’s responsibility was to collect species for David to photograph. 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段的“But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand.(但大卫对这条比目鱼的照片揭示了一个宇宙的细节，甚至是我热切的眼睛都错过了。他的微距镜头放大了它的肋骨。闪电般的曝光冻结了它的运动。一束精确瞄准的光释放了隐藏在它皮肤里的彩虹。黑色的背景消除了所有的干扰，使我们的注意力集中在眼前的宁静之美)”可知，大卫拍摄的照片揭示了作者错过的许多细节，展现了摄影的魅力，这让作者感到惊喜。故答案为Because it revealed a universe of detail that the author had missed and showed the magic of photography. 3．考查细节理解。从最后一段的“Years after that project, I was snorkeling on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew.(在那个项目几年后，我在一个浅滩上浮潜。黑暗中，另一条小比目鱼出现在我的面具上。这次我知道该找什么了。在为大卫工作之前，我一直认为摄影的目的仅仅是再现观察结果，这样其他人就可以分享同样的经历。我从来没有想过摄影可以扩展我们的视觉感知，从而教会我们重新看待世界)”可知，作者意识到摄影可以扩展我们的视觉感知，让我们重新看待世界，而不只是简单地再现一个观察结果。故答案为Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation./Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could expand our visual perception and teach us to see the world anew. 4．开放题。要求考生谈谈“什么能帮助你重新看待世界？”考生言之有理即可，例如“通过不同的视角看待世界，体验新的文化，了解不同的想法和信仰，进行有意义的对话，去新的地方旅行，对变化和成长持开放态度，这些都可以帮助你重新看待世界”。故答案为Seeing the world through different perspectives, experiencing new cultures, learning about diverse ideas and beliefs, engaging in meaningful conversations, traveling to new places, and being open to change and growth can all help you see the world anew. 考向2 考查说明文 1.（北京市通州区2026届4月高三年级模拟考试英语试卷） Have you ever thought of changing people’s behaviors by simple efforts? One effective approach is nudge theory. It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions. Sometimes it’s a physical push. A parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental push. A manager might nudge employees to work faster by reminding them that a deadline is coming up. In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice or action seem more attractive or beneficial than other options. And second, design nudges imply the best option instead of being explicit about it. An experiment in Lisbon, Portugal, provides a good example of a design nudge. The experiment was designed to make crossing the street safer. Instead of waiting for the walk signal, walkers were crossing whenever there was a break in traffic, which could be very dangerous. As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure — something amusing to watch, which encouraged them to wait before crossing. As a result, the proportion of people who crossed at an unsafe time dropped significantly. There are other examples of nudges designed to promote beneficial choices. Students can be nudged to replace a cycle of negative behavior — such as choosing unhealthy food at lunch — with positive behaviors. Studies show that the majority of people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line. People don’t notice when an effective design nudge pushes them toward a certain action or decision. Businesses may create helpful nudges that benefit both consumers and themselves. For example, an app that provides online services might set a reasonable free-use plan as the default option and hide automatic paid subscriptions in an advanced setting. This protects users from unwanted charges and helps the company gain long-term customer trust. Design nudges are all around us because they are an effective way for designers to promote certain behaviors of people who use the design. 1．What is nudge theory? 2．What change was made in an experiment to ensure safer crossing? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Schools can put healthier dishes at the end of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. 4．How can you use the nudge theory in your daily life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions. 2．As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure — something amusing to watch. 3．Schools can put healthier dishes at the end of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. According to the passage, schools can put healthier food choices at the front of the lunch line to change students’ negative behaviors. 4．I will put books on my desk and hide my phone. Such small changes can nudge me to spend more time reading and studying instead of wasting time on digital devices. 【导语】主要介绍了助推理论的含义、分类与特点，列举交通、校园、商业等领域的实例，说明了设计助推可以悄悄引导人们做出更有益的行为与选择。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“It means that small changes are used to gently guide people toward better decisions.(它指借助微小的改变，温和地引导人们做出更好的决定。)”可知，助推理论就是利用细小变化温和引导人们做出更佳选择。 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“As part of the experiment, the usual walk signal was replaced with a dancing figure — something amusing to watch, which encouraged them to wait before crossing.(作为实验的一部分，普通的行人信号灯被换成了有趣的跳舞小人图案，以此鼓励行人等待后再过马路。)”可知，实验为保障安全过马路，更换了行人信号灯样式。 3．考查推理判断。根据第四段“Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line.(学校可以利用这一信息，将健康食物放在队伍的最前面，引导学生吃得更健康。)”可知，学校需要把健康食物放在队伍前方，而非队伍末尾；原句中“at the end of the lunch line”表述错误。 4．考查开放性试题。结合助推理论“小改变引导良好行为”的核心，结合学习与生活实际作答，答案可以表述为I will put books on my desk and hide my phone. Such small changes can nudge me to spend more time reading and studying instead of wasting time on digital devices.（开放性试题，答案合理即可）。 2.（北京清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三三模保温练习英语试题） Over breakfast, I chatted with Mia, my Spanish study buddy. I reviewed my recent lesson and shared what I’d learned from a podcast. By the end of our 10-minute talk, I felt I had gained more than from another textbook exercise. Mia, however, is not a real person. She is an AI I created to make use of the “protege effect.” It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The principle of “learning by teaching” was first introduced in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher, who allowed students to research and present parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation and self-confidence, and it soon spread to many other schools. In one study, a US scientist, Caroline Chase tested its effectiveness. Her team asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to learn about the biological changes during a fever. Over two lessons, students read a text and created a flowchart. Half did it as self-study; the others were told their work would help teach a virtual character on the screen. It was a small change, but the students in the role of teacher scored significantly better. This increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. Chase’s team named this the “protege effect”, and it has since been confirmed by later studies. Knowing that others will learn from us creates a sense of responsibility to provide accurate information. This responsibility drives us to make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our own understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before we pass them on. Explaining our knowledge then helps to strengthen what we have learned. So why not give it a try? To truly master something, start teaching it — even if your student is only a virtual one. 1．What is the “protege effect”? 2．Why did students in the role of teacher score better in Chase’s study? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. 4．How can you put the “protege effect” into practice? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored. 2．Because this increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. 3．The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions. 4．Possible Version I often ask a friend or AI to be my student. After learning, I explain in my own words and take questions. This helps me organize my thoughts and find areas for improvement, which is how I truly learn. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“门生效应”这一心理现象及其在教学中的应用和效果。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“She is an AI I created to make use of the ‘protege effect.’ It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist.(她是我创造出来利用“门生效应”的人工智能。这是一种心理现象，即当我们向他人传授我们刚刚探索过的话题时，我们会学得更有效——即使那个人并不真正存在)”可知，“门生效应”指的是当我们向他人传授我们刚刚探索过的话题时，我们会学得更有效这种心理现象。故答案为It is a psychological phenomenon where we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about a topic we’ve just explored. 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“It was a small change, but the students in the role of teacher scored significantly better. This increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding.(这是一个小小的变化，但扮演教师角色的学生得分明显更高。这种增加的参与度对他们吸收的知识量和理解的深度都产生了很大的影响)”可知，在Chase的研究中，扮演教师角色的学生得分更高是因为这种增加的参与度对他们吸收的知识量和理解的深度都产生了很大的影响。故答案为Because this increased engagement made a big difference in both the amount they absorbed and the depth of their understanding. 3．考查细节判断。根据第六段“This responsibility drives us to make a greater effort to fill in the gaps in our own understanding and correct any mistaken assumptions before we pass them on.(这种责任感促使我们在传递信息之前，更加努力地填补自己理解上的空白，纠正任何错误的假设)”可知，是纠正我们自己错误的假设，而不是指出他们错误的假设，所以原句“The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions.”表述错误，应改为“The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions”。故答案为The responsibility to teach others pushes us to point out their mistaken assumptions. The responsibility to teach others pushes us to correct our mistaken assumptions。 4．考查开放性题目。根据最后一段“So why not give it a try? To truly master something, start teaching it — even if your student is only a virtual one.(那么为什么不试一试呢？要真正掌握某样东西，就开始教它——即使你的学生只是一个虚拟的)”以及结合全文对“门生效应”的介绍可知，要真正掌握某样东西，就可以利用“门生效应”，我经常让一位朋友或人工智能充当我的“学生”。学习之后，我会用自己的话进行解释并回答问题。这样做能帮助我理清思路，找出需要改进的地方，从而真正学习。故答案为：I often ask a friend or AI to be my student. After learning, I explain in my own words and take questions. This helps me organize my thoughts and find areas for improvement, which is how I truly learn. 策略归纳 技巧1：核心是迁移文中方法到自己生活； 技巧2：多用 if 引导条件状语从句，表达做法带来的效果； 技巧3：尽量使用主动语态，清晰说明自己的情况或者做法。 考向 3 考查议论文 （北京师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题）The older I get, the more I realize that suffering is not selective. No one is safe. It touches every life, regardless of status, race, success, good choices, or even good intentions. Suffering is not a mistake from life; it is built into the fabric of it. And while suffering is unavoidable, not all suffering is the same. There is necessary suffering, and there is unnecessary suffering. Necessary suffering is the kind that accompanies growth, truth-telling, love, loss, and transformation. Unnecessary suffering often arises from resistance, avoidance, denial, unhealthy attachments, or the stories we tell ourselves about our pain. Much of the work of emotional and spiritual maturity is learning to detect the difference. Much of suffering does not originate in circumstances, but in the mind itself. When the inner critic, fear, or depression becomes the primary speaker of reality, suffering multiplies. Yet when curiosity replaces judgment, and compassion replaces self-attack, necessary suffering can become a teacher rather than a troublemaker. Some of the deepest suffering we experience happens in relationships. The suffering isn’t just about conflict; it is about disconnection with others. Relational suffering also shows up when we are treated poorly by a partner, dismissed at work, abandoned by someone we trust, or when a relationship ends despite our best efforts. There is necessary suffering in setting boundaries, telling the truth, or leaving what harms us. There is unnecessary suffering in staying silent, abandoning ourselves, or hoping someone will change while we continue to absorb the damage. Then there is grief — the suffering that comes from loss. For example, Maria lost her partner unexpectedly. Overnight, the future she imagined disappeared. Grief entered her body, her breath, her sense of time. Nothing about this suffering was optional. Love guarantees grief; to love deeply is to risk loss deeply. Grief is not something to fix or rush through. It is a necessary suffering, one that asks to be honored, not avoided. It’s precious. When we allow grief to break us open rather than shut us down, it becomes a profound expression of love itself. How we frame our suffering matters deeply. Our interpretation of pain can either open us or imprison us. It can soften us or harden us. It can become a gateway to love, or a wall against it. 1．What is necessary suffering? 2．Where does much of the suffering originate? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  When grief shuts us down, it becomes a profound expression of love itself. 4．Describe one of your necessary suffering. 【答案】1．It is the suffering that accompanies growth, truth-telling, love, loss, and transformation. 2．In the mind itself. 3．When grief shuts us down, it becomes a profound expression of love itself. According to the text, grief becomes a profound expression of love itself only when we allow it to break us open, not when it shuts us down. 4．When I failed my first English speech contest, I felt painful. But I kept practicing and later won a prize. That suffering taught me perseverance. 【导语】文章探讨了痛苦的本质，区分了“必要痛苦”(伴随成长、真相、爱与失去等)和“非必要痛苦”(源于抗拒、逃避、否认等)，指出痛苦多源于内心而非境遇，并强调我们如何解读痛苦至关重要。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Necessary suffering is the kind that accompanies growth, truth-telling, love, loss, and transformation. (必要痛苦是伴随成长、讲真话、爱、失去和转变的那种痛苦。)”可知，必要痛苦是“伴随成长、真相、爱与失去等的痛苦”。 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Much of suffering does not originate in circumstances, but in the mind itself. (大部分痛苦并非源于环境，而是源于内心本身。)”可知，许多痛苦的根源在于内心。 3．考查细节理解。根据第六段中“When we allow grief to break us open rather than shut us down, it becomes a profound expression of love itself. (当我们允许悲伤将我们打开，而不是将我们封闭时，它就成为爱本身的一种深刻表达。)”可知，只有当悲伤“将我们打开”时，它才能成为爱的深刻表达；反之，如果悲伤“将我们封闭”，则无法实现这一转化。因此，原句中“shuts us down”这一部分与原文表述不符，正确表述应为“breaks us open”。 4．开放性题目。此题要求描述自己亲身经历的一种“必要痛苦”，即伴随成长或积极转变的痛苦。回答需真实、合理，体现痛苦所带来的正面意义。答案不唯一，合理即可。参考答案为：When I failed my first English speech contest, I felt painful. But I kept practicing and later won a prize. That suffering taught me perseverance. 策略归纳 技巧1：先转述文章观点，再落地到自身实际； 技巧2：多用 when 引导时间状语从句，贴合实际场景； 技巧3：避免绝对化表达（never, always），语气理性客观。 考点二 书信写作 知识点1 建议信 知●识●解●构 建议信属于交际类邮件，固定三段式交际结构。 ① 开头段：回应对方来信，点明收到来信、知晓对方情况，引入话题及目的。 ② 主体段：给出 1-2 条核心建议，每条建议配套理由；理由可以用 as / because 引导原因状语从句，用 if 引导条件状语从句说明建议带来的积极结果；建议句式多用情态动词 should、could，语气委婉。 ③ 结尾段：表达祝愿，期待对方回信。 ④ 格式规范：称呼、结束语、署名完整；人称以第二人称 you 为主，I 用来表达自己看法。 得分速记 1.建议句式：I suggest… / I'd recommend… / It's a good idea to… 2.理由用 because / as 引导原因状语从句，也可以用定语从句或者非谓语动词或倒装句式取代； 3.要点齐全，理由贴合主题。 易错提醒 1.缺少理由，只提建议； 2.格式错误，遗漏称呼、结束语； 3.语气生硬，不适合朋友之间邮件。 知识点2 邀请信 知●识●解●构 邀请信核心是传递活动信息、发出邀约；时态分为两类：介绍活动安排用一般将来时；介绍活动意义、常规属性用一般现在时。 ① 开头：I'm writing to invite you to… 开门见山，点明写信目的。 ② 主体：交代三要素——时间、地点、活动内容；2-3 个活动环节，用并列连词分层；可以用定语从句补充活动亮点。 ③ 结尾：表达期待，如Look forward to doing 固定结构。 ④ 交际要点：信息清晰，方便对方判断是否参加，语气热情得体。 得分速记 1.邀请句型：I'm writing to invite you to… 2.时间地点交代清晰； 3.活动内容2-3点，用连接词或短语分层。 易错提醒 1.遗漏时间、地点关键信息； 2.时态混用；活动还未发生用将来时。 知识点3 介绍类 知●识●解●构 介绍类写作分为"介绍事件 + 抒发感悟"两部分，时态区分明确：已经完成的活动、经历用一般过去时；感悟、长期收获、道理总结用一般现在时。 ① 开篇：引出事件背景，告知写信缘由。 ② 主体段落：按照时间顺序介绍活动过程；可以用分词作状语、定语从句丰富描写。 ③ 收尾：写个人收获、思想改变，升华主题。 ④ 投稿类（非邮件）：不需要书信格式，标题 + 正文，同样遵循叙事 + 感悟结构。 得分速记 1.介绍活动常用被动、非谓语描写活动； 2.感悟部分紧扣青年成长、收获能力、思想变化。 易错提醒 1.要点缺失：题目要求"介绍+感悟"，只写活动不写感受； 2.时态错误，已经举办完的活动多用一般过去时。 考●向●破●译 考向一 校园生活 1．（北京东城区2025-2026学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二） 英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim正在策划一次班级研学活动，就活动的主题来信征求你的建议。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1. 你的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear that you are planning a study tour for your class. I’d be happy to offer my suggestion for its possible theme. Is “Exploring Local Culture” a good idea? You know, such a tour can help you learn more about local history and traditions, which enables young people to better understand where they came from and who they are. It’ll inspire love for the place you live in and appreciation for the shared identity. In the meantime, this process offers a wonderful chance for you to rediscover the beauty of local culture and may stimulate a strong desire to contribute to its preservation. I believe this theme is both educational and meaningful. I hope my suggestion can be helpful. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外国好友Jim回信，就其策划的班级研学活动提供主题建议并阐述理由。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion → recommendation 激发：inspire → kindle 保护：preservation → conservation 有意义的：meaningful →rewarding 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’d be happy to offer my suggestion for its possible theme. 拓展句：Since you are asking for advice on your study tour, I’d be delighted to provide my recommendation for a suitable theme. 【点睛】 【高分句型 1】You know, such a tour can help you learn more about local history and traditions, which enables young people to better understand where they came from and who they are. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句,同时包含where和who引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】I believe this theme is both educational and meaningful. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 2．（2026届北京海淀高三查漏补缺英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校最近正在组织“青年担当·主动作为”的主题活动。你深度参与并发起了一项改善校园的行动。请你向学校英文报刊投稿，内容包括： 1.你发起的行动 2.你的收获 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 I recently launched an initiative to improve our school. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】       I recently launched an initiative to improve our school. Noticing that used textbooks were thrown away every semester, I started a “Campus Book Nook” project. I persuaded the Student Union to support the idea and secured a corner on the first floor. With volunteers, we collected over 300 books and set up a reading area with a simple borrowing system. Now students can access these resources freely during breaks. This experience taught me that responsibility needs no grand gestures. True youth commitment lies in finding problems around us and taking action to solve them. Leading the project improved my communication skills, but more importantly, it showed me how a small idea can bring real convenience to our school. I now believe active youth means turning intentions into actions. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇文章向学校英文报刊投稿，介绍自己参与学校组织的“青年担当·主动作为”的主题活动而发起的一项改善校园的行动。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 丢弃：throw away → discard/abandon 发现，找到：find → identify 解决：solve → fix/settle/handle/address 提升：improve → promote/enhance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Now students can access these resources freely during breaks. 拓展句：Students can access these resources freely whenever they have spare time during breaks, which greatly enriches their school life. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Noticing that used textbooks were thrown away every semester, I started a “Campus Book Nook” project. (运用了现在分词作状语及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】This experience taught me that responsibility needs no grand gestures. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 3．（北京清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三三模保温练习英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校上周开展了主题为“运动邂逅青春”的活动。你的外国好友Jim来信就此询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.活动情况； 2.你的感受。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, Glad to share with you the “Sports Meet Youth” activity held in our school last week. The event lasted for a week. On the first day, three famous young athletes came and joined us in various sports, like ball games and running. In the following days, we participated in different sports competitions. My favorite was group rope skipping. It was super fun and my class won the first prize! Exciting, right? All of us find the event truly meaningful for us youth. Personally, I’m convinced that in addition to improving our physical health, doing sports helps us reduce stress and bring us closer. And I have decided to take regular exercise in future. I’m really looking forward to playing a basketball game with you! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国好友Jim回信，介绍学校上周“运动邂逅青春”活动情况并分享感受。 【解析】 1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 各种各样的：various → diverse 有意义的：meaningful → significant 减少：reduce → lessen 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Glad to share with you the “Sports Meet Youth” activity held in our school last week. 拓展句：Glad to share with you the “Sports Meet Youth” activity, which was held in our school last week. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Personally, I’m convinced that in addition to improving our physical health, doing sports helps us reduce stress and bring us closer. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I’m really looking forward to playing a basketball game with you! (运用了动名词短语作宾语) 考向二 环境保护 1．（北京市第一零一中学2025-2026学年高三下学期考前模拟英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英文报正在举办以“Labor Shaped Me”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 你的劳动经历； 2. 该经历对你的影响。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】One possible version: Labor Shaped Me My most unforgettable labor experience happened in Gansu. Last summer, I joined a local project to plant trees in the desert. Under the burning sun, I worked with volunteers to dig holes in the sandy land, put young trees in them and cover the roots with soil. I felt tired and my hands got sore, but I kept working with everyone till the end. We planted over 2,000 small trees together in three days. This experience shaped me greatly. I realized that labor is not only about personal growth but also about social responsibility. By helping to stop the sand, I felt a true sense of achievement. In the future, I will devote myself to meaningful work, knowing that when we give our best to society, we also build a better self. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，写一篇短文参与校英文报的征文活动，文章要详细描述自己的一次劳动经历，再阐明这一经历对自己的影响。 【解析】 1. 词汇积累 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable, indelible 疲劳的：tired→fatigued, exhausted 成就：achievement→accomplishment 致力于：devote oneself to→dedicate oneself to 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I felt tired and my hands got sore, but I kept working with everyone till the end. 拓展句：Even though I felt tired and my hands got sore, I kept working with everyone till the end. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I realized that labor is not only about personal growth but also about social responsibility. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] In the future, I will devote myself to meaningful work, knowing that when we give our best to society, we also build a better self. (运用了现在分词knowing作状语、that引导宾语从句、when引导时间状语从句) 2．（北京朝阳区2025-2026学年高三年级第二学期质量检测一英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim即将参加主题为“Skills Needed for a Sustainable Future”的联合国青年论坛(UN Youth Forum)，为此发来邮件，就发言内容询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你认为重要的技能； 2．说明理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear you’re attending the UN Youth Forum. For a sustainable future, I think two skills stand out. First, the ability to innovate with green technologies is crucial. As climate change worsens, we need creative solutions like renewable energy advancements and waste-recycling systems to reduce environmental harm. Second, cross-cultural communication skill matters a lot. Global sustainability issues know no borders, and only by working together with people from different backgrounds can we share ideas and implement effective actions worldwide. Hope these ideas help you. Good luck with your speech! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给即将参加主题为“Skills Needed for a Sustainable Future”联合国青年论坛的外国好友Jim回复邮件，分享对未来可持续发展所需技能的看法并说明理由。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 重要的，关键的：crucial → vital 实施，执行：implement → carry out 全世界：worldwide → globally 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, the ability to innovate with green technologies is crucial. 拓展句：First, the ability to innovate with green technologies is crucial, as it drives sustainable development. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m glad to hear you’re attending the UN Youth Forum. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] As climate change worsens, we need creative solutions like renewable energy advancements and waste-recycling systems to reduce environmental harm. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 考向三 科学技术 1．（北京市海淀区2025-2026学年第二学期期中练习高三英语试题（一模））假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办“未来已来”（The Future is Here）的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友Jim参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．活动安排（时间、地点等）； 2．活动内容。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, I'm writing to invite you to our school’s upcoming science and technology festival themed “The Future is Here”. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. There will be a variety of activities. First, a science fiction movie will be shown in the morning, which can inspire our imagination about the future. Then, we’ll have a speech delivered by a famous scientist, where he’ll share his insights on the latest technological trends. In the afternoon, students can participate in hands-on workshops to experience cutting-edge technologies like 3D printing.     I'm sure you’ll find it fascinating. Looking forward to seeing you then. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇应用文，要求考生以李华的身份邀请国际部好友Jim参加学校举办的“未来已来”科技节活动，需清晰阐述活动安排和内容。 【解析】 1. 汇积累 即将来临的：upcoming → approaching 主题是……：be themed... → with the theme of... 举办：hold→throw 参加：participate in →take part in 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The festival will be held in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. 拓展句：The festival, which is one of the most anticipated events in our school, will be held in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】First, a science fiction movie will be shown in the morning, which can inspire our imagination about the future.（运用which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Then, we'll have a speech delivered by a famous scientist, where he'll share his insights on the latest technological trends.（运用where引导的非限制性定语从句） 2．（2026届北京市丰台区高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试卷）假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim得知你校上周举办了“网络安全”（Cyber Security）主题教育活动，来信就此询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 活动内容； 2. 你的收获。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, Knowing that you are interested in the “Cyber Security” themed activity our school held last week, I’m writing to share the details. The event consisted of several engaging parts. First, we attended a lecture given by a cybersecurity expert, who explained common online risks such as fake news and identity theft, with real-life cases. We also learned to set secure passwords and tell unsafe links apart. Additionally, there was a poster-making competition, through which we creatively spread safety tips among peers. This activity benefited me a lot. I have learnt that protecting personal information is as important as protecting ourselves. Most importantly, it has made me more aware of how to protect my personal data and stay safe in the digital world. I hope you find my experience interesting. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的名义给外国好友Jim回一封信，介绍学校上周举办的“网络安全”主题教育活动，并谈谈自己的感受。 【解析】 1. 词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in → be keen on 常见的：common → widespread 安全的：safe → secure 保护：protect → safeguard 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：I have learnt that protecting personal information is as important as protecting ourselves. Most importantly, it has made me more aware of how to protect my personal data and stay safe in the digital world. 拓展句：I have learnt that protecting personal information is as important as protecting ourselves, which has made me more aware of how to protect my personal data and stay safe in the digital world. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Knowing that you are interested in the “Cyber Security” themed activity our school held last week, I’m writing to share the details. (运用了现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Additionally, there was a poster-making competition, through which we creatively spread safety tips among peers. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句) 3．（2026届北京顺义区高三年级二模英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你所在的项目小组最近进行了一项关于你校高三学生使用AI智能助手（如 DeepSeek）情况的调查（见下图）。你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 调查结果描述； 2. 你的使用情况及理由。 提示词： AI 智能助手  AI assistant 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, I’m glad to know you’re interested in our survey on the use of AI assistants among senior three students. Here’s what we found. According to the chart, 15% of the students frequently use AI assistants like DeepSeek, while 65% use them occasionally, and 20% hardly ever use them. As for me, I belong to the occasional users. I turn to AI when I need help with difficult concepts or to check my writing. It saves time and offers new ideas, but I try not to over-rely on it. After all, independent thinking still matters most in learning. Hope this is helpful. Looking forward to hearing what you think. Yours, Li Hua (113) 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外国好友Jim回封信，介绍你所在的项目小组最近进行的一项关于你校高三学生使用AI智能助手（如 DeepSeek）情况的调查以及你的使用情况及理由。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→exhilarated 使用：use→utilization 帮助：help→assistance 重要：matter→count 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After all, independent thinking still matters most in learning. 拓展句：After all, what still matters most in learning is independent thinking. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m glad to know you’re interested in our survey on the use of AI assistants among senior three students. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that) [高分句型2] I turn to AI when I need help with difficult concepts or to check my writing. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 考点三 语法与运用 知●识●解●构 书面表达中的"语法与运用"不是孤立背语法点，而是把语法知识转化为写对、写顺、写美的能力。本考点围绕三大能力模块展开： ① 写对——基础语法零失分 时态语态（过去的过去用过去完成时、被动 be+done）、非谓语动词（to do 表目的、doing 表伴随主动、done 表被动完成）、三大从句（定语从句看缺成分、状语从句主将从现、宾语从句陈述语序）。这是写作的保底分，出现一个谓语并列、引导词用错即扣分。 ② 写顺——句式多样不单调 一句话多译：同一语义在简单句、非谓语结构、复合句之间灵活转换，避免全文清一色简单句；句间用分词、过渡结构替代 and/but 基础连词，实现逻辑衔接。 ③ 写美——亮点句式提档次 表达升级聚焦语法结构而非单词替换：语序升级（倒装、强调句 It is…that…）、句式升级（分词作状语、with 复合结构、介词+which 定语从句、as 倒装让步）、逻辑衔接升级。升级原则：一篇 2-3 处即可，量力而行，语法正确优先。 三者的关系：写对是底线，写顺是加分，写美是锦上添花；层次递进，缺一不可。 知识点1 易错语法点 得分速记 1.时态判定逻辑：先看事件是否发生、有无先后顺序，再选定时态，保证全文同一场景时态统一。 2.非谓语动词中，to do：表目的、将来、意料之外结果；doing：主动、进行、伴随、习惯；done：被动、已经完成。核心规则：一个简单句只能有一套谓语，其余动词必须处理为非谓语。逗号后面 doing 一般作伴随状语； 3.定语从句分清关系代词、关系副词。 4.被动语态：主语是动作承受者，结构 be + done，注意不同时态下 be 动词变形； 5. 定语从句：区分关系代词（that / which / who，在从句做主/宾）、关系副词（where / when / why，做状语）、介词 + which 结构；状语从句：时间、原因、条件、让步状语从句，熟记引导词，注意主将从现；宾语从句：陈述语序，时态呼应。 易错提醒 1.非谓语和谓语混用，一个句子两套谓语； 2.定语从句 where / which 混淆； 3.写作中频繁出现时态跳跃。 知识点2 一句多译 同一个中文语义，使用不同英语句式、词汇、句型结构输出，核心含义不变，句式复杂度、词汇层级有差异。 例句 1：得知你对我们的活动很感兴趣，我写信向你介绍相关情况。 版本 1（简单句）：You are interested in our activity, so I'm writing to introduce it to you. 版本 2（现在分词作状语，高考书信高频）：Knowing you are interested in our activity, I'm writing to introduce it to you. 版本 3（原因状语从句）：Since you show great interest in our activity, I'm writing to give you a brief introduction of it. 例句 2：这次经历极大拓宽了我的视野。 版本 1（基础）：This experience greatly broadens my horizons. 版本 2（定语从句）：This is an experience that greatly broadens my horizons. 版本 3（倒装）：So greatly does this experience broaden my horizons. 例句 3：我们应该积极参加社会实践活动。 版本 1（基础）：We should take an active part in social practice activities. 版本 2（be supposed to）：We are supposed to participate actively in social practice activities. 版本 3（it 作形式主语）：It is advisable for us to get actively involved in social practice activities. 例句 4：合作可以帮助我们克服困难。 版本 1：Cooperation can help us overcome difficulties. 版本 2：It is cooperation that helps us get over difficulties.（强调句） 版本 3：Only through cooperation can we manage to get over various difficulties.（倒装） 例句 5：劳动让我懂得责任的重要性。 版本 1：Labor makes me realize the importance of responsibility. 版本 2：It is through labor that I come to understand how significant responsibility is.（强调 + 宾语从句） 版本 3：Labor shapes me, making me aware of the value of responsibility.（非谓语作伴随状语） 得分速记 1.简单句：主谓宾基础表达； 2.非谓语：把两个短句，其中一个改成 doing / to do / done； 3.定语从句：用 which / who 把两个句子合并。 易错提醒 改写之后保证语法正确，不能为高级句式牺牲语义。 知识点 3表达升级 本质：同一语义，用不同语法结构改写，用于写作句式多样化升级，避免全文都是简单句。 转换路径：简单句 ↔ 非谓语结构改写 ↔ 复合句（定语/状语从句）改写。 1.非谓语升级：两个简单句合并，把次要信息改为分词作状语/定语，删掉重复主语，句子更紧凑。 2.定语从句升级：两个短句，把修饰名词的信息改写为 which / who / where 引导的定语从句。 3.名词性从句升级：把简单的名词信息改成主语从句、宾语从句。 4.强调句 It is…that…：突出句子某一部分（主语、宾语、状语）。 5.倒装句：否定词置于句首、only + 状语置于句首，部分倒装；适合升华观点句。 6.with 复合结构：作状语描写背景、伴随状态，书信/读后续写高频。 例句1 我的作品是一幅手绘图画，画中一位年轻的中国宇航员站在天宫空间站旁。 My work is a hand-drawn picture. It features a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station. 1.过去分词作定语（非谓语）升级 My work is a hand-drawn picture featuring a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station. 语法：现在分词 featuring 作后置定语，替代第二个简单句。 2.which 非限制性定语从句升级 My work is a hand-drawn picture, which features a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station. 3.with 复合结构升级 My work is a hand-drawn picture, with a young Chinese astronaut standing beside Tiangong Space Station in it. 例句2 我在学校学到了基础直播技巧，因此我可以把知识付诸实践。 I've learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, so I can put knowledge into practice. 1.现在分词作原因状语（非谓语）升级 Having learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, I can put knowledge into practice. 语法：having done 完成式分词，动作先于主句动作。 2.which 定语从句升级 I've learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, which enables me to put knowledge into practice. 3.强调句升级（强调原因） It is the basic live-broadcast skills I have learned at school that enable me to put knowledge into practice. 例句3 我们保护个人信息，这和保护我们自身同等重要。 We protect personal information. It is as important as protecting ourselves. 1.which 非限制性定语从句升级 We should protect personal information, which is as important as protecting ourselves. 2.主语从句升级（名词性从句） What matters is that protecting personal information is as important as protecting ourselves. 3.Only + 状语 倒装升级（观点升华） Only by protecting personal information can we truly protect ourselves. 例句4 我注意到每学期旧课本都被丢弃，于是我发起了"校园图书角"项目。 I noticed that used textbooks were thrown away every semester. I started a "Campus Book Nook" project. 1.现在分词作状语（非谓语）升级 Noticing that used textbooks were thrown away every semester, I started a "Campus Book Nook" project. 2.with 复合结构 With used textbooks thrown away every semester, I launched a "Campus Book Nook" project. 3.强调句升级 It was because I noticed used textbooks were thrown away every semester that I started a "Campus Book Nook" project. 例句5 看到世界各地青年才俊应对全球性挑战，这件事非常鼓舞人心。 Seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges was incredibly motivating. 1.主语从句改写（名词性从句，替换动名词作主语） What was incredibly motivating was seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges. 2.倒装升级（表语置于句首） Incredibly motivating was seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges. 3.定语从句嵌套改写 What we saw, which was incredibly motivating, was how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges. 例句6 科技是连接过去与未来的有力桥梁。 原句：Technology is a powerful bridge connecting our past to the future. 1.虚拟语气（写假设：如果没有科技） Without technology, we could never build such a powerful bridge connecting our past to our future. without 含蓄虚拟，与现在事实相反，主句用 could do。 2.混合语法：虚拟 + 非谓语 Were there no modern-day technology, we would fail to build a powerful bridge linking our past to our future. 倒装虚拟：Were there no… = If there were no… 得分速记 1.基础保底：简单主谓宾，保证不出错； 2.进阶简化：两个分句无先后目的以外逻辑，可以改成非谓语； 3.高级升级：需要补充解释、限定信息，用定语从句；表达因果条件，用状语从句； 4.改写之后核对主谓一致、引导词匹配。 易错提醒 为追求高级句式强行改写，出现从句引导词错误、非谓语主被动搞错；改写后改变原意。 考场使用策略 •非谓语：优先选 doing / having done / done，最容易上手，作文每篇 1-2 处就足够，用来合并两个简单句。 •定语从句：遇到两个短句有共同名词，就用 which / who 衔接，避免简单句堆砌。 •强调句：适合观点句，强调原因、条件，不要滥用，全文 1 次即可。 •倒装句：适合结尾升华句（only + 状语），不要用在普通叙事句。 •虚拟语气：适合假设、反思，书信结尾抒发感悟时用，不要强行堆砌。 考●向●破●译 考向一 动词时态语态 1．（2026届北京大学附属中学适应性练习英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你准备参加学校组织的“乡村振兴·青年担当”暑期社会实践活动，你的英国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍你打算参与的一项活动； 2.选择的原因。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】Dear Jim, Glad to receive your email. I’m writing to tell you about my coming social practice themed Rural Revitalization, Youth’s Duty. I plan to help local villagers promote special farm products via live-stream sales. First, rural fruit and honey are high-quality but lack sales channels. Besides, I’ve learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, so I can put knowledge into practice. Most importantly, it’s my duty as a youth to boost rural income and contribute to countryside development. I’m really looking forward to the meaningful experience. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生英国好友Jim回复邮件，介绍你打算参与的一项活动以及说明选择的原因。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 打算：plan to→intend to 促进：boost→facilitate 责任：duty→responsibility 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Besides, I’ve learned basic live-broadcast skills at school, so I can put knowledge into practice. 拓展句：Besides, I have mastered basic live-broadcast skills that I learned at school, which enables me to put knowledge into practice. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I’m writing to tell you about my coming social practice themed Rural Revitalization, Youth’s Duty.(运用了现在分词和过去分词分别作定语) 【高分句型2】Most importantly, it’s my duty as a youth to boost rural income and contribute to countryside development.(运用了形式主语it的句式，不定式作作真正的主语) 2．（2026届北京西城区高三模拟测试英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你参加了APEC中国年组委会举办的“中国力量·大家说”国际交流活动，介绍了一位代表中国精神的榜样人物，你的英国好友Jim对此很感兴趣。请你用英文给他发邮件，内容包括： 1. 介绍该榜样人物； 2. 阐述他/她对你的影响。 注意：1. 词数120左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, I’d like to tell you about the role model I introduced — Zhang Guimei, a rural educator in Yunnan Province. She founded a free high school for girls from impoverished mountain areas, helping thousands of them change their lives through education despite her own serious health problems. Her story has influenced me in many ways. First, it makes me cherish my learning opportunities. Unlike those mountain girls, I have a good classroom and supportive parents — I should never take these for granted or waste my time. Second, she inspires me to face difficulties bravely. Whenever I struggle with exams or stress, I think of her fighting illness but never giving up, and I tell myself to keep going. Third, she teaches me self-discipline and diligence. Her devotion to her students reminds me to stay focused and work hard every day. I hope you find her story as inspiring as I do. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给英国好友Jim写邮件，介绍自己在“中国力量・大家说”活动中分享的榜样人物，并阐述她对自己的影响。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 创立：found → establish 激励：inspire → motivate 奉献：devotion → commitment 专注的：focused → concentrated 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Unlike those mountain girls, I have a good classroom and supportive parents — I should never take these for granted or waste my time. 拓展句：Compared with those girls in the mountains, I have access to a well-equipped classroom and caring parents — I should never take these for granted or waste my time. 【点睛】 【高分句型 1】She founded a free high school for girls from impoverished mountain areas, helping thousands of them change their lives through education despite her own serious health problems.(运用了现在分词helping作伴随状语) 【高分句型 2】Whenever I struggle with exams or stress, I think of her fighting illness but never giving up, and I tell myself to keep going. (运用了whenever引导的时间状语从句) 考向二 非谓语动词 1．（2026届北京市石景山区高三二模考试英语试题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在举办“最美中国风”的社团活动，你的外国朋友Jim对此很感兴趣。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.活动情况； 2.你的感受。 注意： 1.词数100字左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, Hearing you’re keen on our school’s “Most Beautiful Chinese Style” club activity, I’m more than glad to give you a brief introduction. Held in the school hall recently, the activity includes tea art, calligraphy shows, and traditional costume displays, attracting crowds of students to appreciate the charm of Chinese culture. With elegant music floating in the air, every participant felt immersed in a peaceful and artistic atmosphere. It is the beauty of traditional culture that makes the activity so impressive. It not only enriches our campus life, but also strengthens our pride in our own culture. I’m sure you’ll enjoy it if you join us.                                                                                                                                                                                   Yours,                                                                                                                                                                                    Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，给外国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍学校“最美中国风”社团活动，包括活动情况和个人感受。    【解析】 1.词汇积累    介绍：introduction→description 吸引：attract→appeal to/fascinate 沉浸的：immersed→absorbed 增强：strengthen→reinforce/boost/deepen 2.句式拓展 同义句转换    原句：It not only enriches our campus life, but also strengthens our pride in our own culture. 拓展句：Not only does it enrich our campus life, but it also strengthens our pride in our own culture. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Hearing you’re keen on our school’s “Most Beautiful Chinese Style” club activity, I’m more than glad to give you a brief introduction. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】It is the beauty of traditional culture that makes the activity so impressive. (运用了强调句型：It is+被强调部分+that+剩余部分) 2．（2026届北京市西城区下学期4月高三统一测试英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说你参加了全球青少年机器人设计大赛，想了解相关情况。请你用英文给他发邮件，内容包括: 1. 介绍你的参赛作品； 2. 分享参赛感想。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, Great to hear from you! You asked about the robot competition. Honestly, it was the highlight of my year! Let me tell you more about it. My teammates and I created a “Smart Companion Robot” designed to assist elderly people living alone. It can not only chat with users, but also detect falls, remind them to take medication, and even make emergency calls. This competition was truly a rewarding and eye-opening experience. I improved my programming skills and learned a lot about teamwork and time management. Also, seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges was incredibly motivating. What’s new with you? Drop me a line when you can! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】要求考生以李华的身份给好友Jim回一封邮件，给她介绍自己参加全球青少年机器人设计大赛的相关情况。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 说实话：honestly→to be frank/to tell the truth 目的是：be designed to→be intended to/be aimed at 提高：improve→promote/enhance 解决：tackle→address 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：It can not only chat with users, but also detect falls, remind them to take medication, and even make emergency calls. 拓展句：Not only can it chat with users, but it also can detect falls, remind them to take medication, and even make emergency calls. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】My teammates and I created a “Smart Companion Robot” designed to assist elderly people living alone.（运用了过去分词designed作后置定语） 【高分句型2】Also, seeing how young minds worldwide tackle global challenges was incredibly motivating.（运用了动名词作主语和how引导宾语从句） 3．（北京市通州区2026届4月高三年级模拟考试英语试卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim获悉你校正在开展“健康校园”倡议征集活动，为此发来邮件想了解你的倡议内容。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍你的倡议； 2.给出理由。 提示词：倡议proposal 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear from you! I’d like to share my proposal for our school’s “Healthy Campus” campaign. My proposal is to establish a “Mental Health Corner” in the school library. This area would provide comfortable seating, relaxing music, and books on emotional well-being. We could also invite psychology teachers to host weekly sharing sessions. I believe this initiative is necessary for several reasons. Firstly, high school students are under tremendous academic pressure, and having a quiet space to unwind can greatly relieve anxiety. Secondly, it encourages open communication, helping students realize they are not alone. A healthy mind is just as important as a healthy body. I’d love to hear your thoughts on this! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给外国好友Jim回邮件，介绍自己为学校“健康校园”倡议征集活动提出的倡议，并说明提出该倡议的理由。 【解析】 1. 词汇积累 建立：establish → set up 舒适的：comfortable → cozy 必不可少的：necessary → essential 缓解：relieve → ease 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This area would provide comfortable seating, relaxing music, and books on emotional well-being. 拓展句：This area would provide comfortable seating, relaxing music, and books on emotional well-being so that students can have a good place to relax when they feel stressed. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】My proposal is to establish a “Mental Health Corner” in the school library.（运用了不定式短语作表语） 【高分句型2】Firstly, high school students are under tremendous academic pressure, and having a quiet space to unwind can greatly relieve anxiety.（运用了动名词短语作主语） 考向三 从句 1．（北京海淀区2025-2026学年第二学期期末练习高三英语试题（二模））假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。世卫组织(WHO)面向全球青少年发起以“携手同行，共护健康”(Together for Well-Being)为主题的倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．提出的建议； 2．建议的理由。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear you’re joining the WHO’s initiative. Here are my suggestions. First, we can promote daily physical activities like jogging or group exercises. Regular exercise strengthens our bodies and boosts mental health, which is crucial for teenagers facing study pressure. Second, we should advocate for balanced diets. Many of us rely on junk food, but nutritious meals provide the energy we need to stay focused and healthy. Third, let’s emphasize the importance of emotional sharing. Talking to friends or family when we feel stressed helps us cope better and builds stronger connections. These ideas are practical and easy for teenagers to follow. I hope they help you! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】题目要求考生以李华身份给Jim回复邮件，就世卫组织健康倡议提建议并说明理由。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 提倡，支持：advocate for → support 增强，提升：boost → enhance 建议：suggestion → proposal 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：These ideas are practical and easy for teenagers to follow. 拓展句：These ideas, which are practical and easy for teenagers to follow, can be effectively integrated into daily routines. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Regular exercise strengthens our bodies and boosts mental health, which is crucial for teenagers facing study pressure. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Talking to friends or family when we feel stressed helps us cope better and builds stronger connections. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句和动名词作主语) 2．（北京市海淀区2025-2026学年第二学期期中练习高三英语试题（一模））假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办“未来已来”（The Future is Here）的科技节活动。你打算邀请你的国际部好友Jim参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．活动安排（时间、地点等）； 2．活动内容。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, I'm writing to invite you to our school’s upcoming science and technology festival themed “The Future is Here”. The festival will be held in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. There will be a variety of activities. First, a science fiction movie will be shown in the morning, which can inspire our imagination about the future. Then, we’ll have a speech delivered by a famous scientist, where he’ll share his insights on the latest technological trends. In the afternoon, students can participate in hands-on workshops to experience cutting-edge technologies like 3D printing.     I'm sure you’ll find it fascinating. Looking forward to seeing you then. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】这是一篇应用文，要求考生以李华的身份邀请国际部好友Jim参加学校举办的“未来已来”科技节活动，需清晰阐述活动安排和内容。 【解析】 1. 汇积累 即将来临的：upcoming → approaching 主题是……：be themed... → with the theme of... 举办：hold→throw 参加：participate in →take part in 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The festival will be held in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. 拓展句：The festival, which is one of the most anticipated events in our school, will be held in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】First, a science fiction movie will be shown in the morning, which can inspire our imagination about the future.（运用which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Then, we'll have a speech delivered by a famous scientist, where he'll share his insights on the latest technological trends.（运用where引导的非限制性定语从句） 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 阅读表达 1.（2026年高考北京卷英语高考真题） “Winners never quit and quitters never win.” It’s a great expression of our admiration of courage and persistence (坚持). But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. There is a famous story about the Scottish king Robert the Bruce. Robert hid in a cave after his sixth defeat by the English, and there he watched a spider (蜘蛛) try to secure its web to the cave wall. The spider tried and failed six times before finally succeeding. Robert then decided to return to the fight, winning independence for the Scots — on the seventh attempt. King Robert’s story offers a deep well of inspiration for those who most need it. But lately I’ve been thinking about a possibility the story ignores. What if the spider had been climbing the wrong corner of the cave? There’s a crucial difference between failing at the right thing and persisting at the wrong one. When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. Quitting is in fact necessary for growth. By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. We can imagine a different version of King Robert’s story. In this story, the spider falls a seventh time. It stops on the stone floor — and then turns, moving slowly towards a different corner of the cave, where the wind is calmer and the flies more plentiful. 1．What is Aristotle’s observation according to this passage? 2．Why is quitting necessary for growth? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. 4．How can you apply the idea of “moving towards a different corner” to a real-life challenge? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Aristotle’s observation is that actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. 2．Quitting is necessary for growth because by ending something we create space for something new to grow. 3． Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. It is persisting at the wrong thing that takes us further from where we are meant to be. 4．When I find myself stuck in a subject I’ve tried hard to improve but constantly fail, instead of pushing blindly, I will switch to a learning method that fits me better, or explore another field where my talents can truly shine.（答案不唯一） 【导语】本文主要通过改写苏格兰蜘蛛结网的故事，辩证探讨了坚持与放弃的意义，指出在错误的事情上死磕不如适时转向，适时放弃才能为新生腾出空间。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. (但正如亚里士多德在2000多年前观察到的那样，行动推向极端就会变成灾难。)”可知，亚里士多德的观点是：行为被推向极端就会演变成灾难。 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. (通过结束某事，我们为新事物的成长创造了空间。我们需要退出那些不再起作用的事情，才能进入适合当下自己的事情。)”可知，放弃对于成长是必要的，因为通过终结某件事，我们为新事物的成长创造空间。 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段“When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. (当我们做正确的事失败时，坚持是有意义的。我们学习、调整并重试。但当我们在错误的事情上坚持时，每一点努力都会让我们离本该去的地方越来越远。)”可知，是“在错误的事情上坚持”才会让我们偏离正轨，而不是在正确的事情上失败。 4．开放性题目。本题题干：你如何将“走向不同的角落”的想法应用于现实生活中的挑战？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如可回答：当我发现自己陷入了一个我努力改进但不断失败的学科时，我不会盲目地坚持，而是会转向一种更适合我的学习方法，或者探索另一个我的才能真正闪耀的领域。 2.（2025高考北京卷英语） There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 1．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 2．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 4．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 2．It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 3． According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 4．First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn  relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让Mark沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we could build a real - world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 4．考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally的故事，可知他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 3.（2024年北京卷英语真题） Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 1．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 2．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 4．From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 2．The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 3．The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 4．In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 【解析】 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 4．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 题组二 书信写作 1．（2026年高考北京卷英语高考真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校上个月开展了“当运动遇见AI”(When Sports Meet AI)的主题活动，你的外国好友Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括: 1.活动内容; 2.你的收获。 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to receive your email asking about our school’s “When Sports Meet AI” event held last month. It was a truly eye-opening experience that showed me how technology is revolutionizing the world of sports. We got hands-on experience with AI-powered fitness devices that analyzed our basketball shots in real time and gave personalized tips to improve our accuracy. We also attended an engaging lecture on how AI helps professional athletes optimize their training and avoid career-threatening injuries. For me, this activity completely transformed my perception of artificial intelligence. I used to associate AI with science fiction, but now I see it as a practical tool that can enhance every aspect of our daily lives, even something as simple as playing sports. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外国好友Jim回信，介绍学校上个月开展“当运动遇见AI”(When Sports Meet AI)的主题活动情况。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 兴奋的：thrilled→excited 展示：show→display 帮助：help→assist 切实可行的：practical→feasible 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m thrilled to receive your email asking about our school’s “When Sports Meet AI” event held last month. 拓展句：I’m thrilled to receive your email that asks about our school’s “When Sports Meet AI” event held last month. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】 We also attended an engaging lecture on how AI helps professional athletes optimize their training and avoid career-threatening injuries. (运用了how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】 I used to associate AI with science fiction, but now I see it as a practical tool that can enhance every aspect of our daily lives, even something as simple as playing sports. (运用了that引导的定语从句) 2．（2025高考北京卷英语）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。联合国正面向全球青少年开展倡议征集活动。你的外国好友Jim打算参加，为此发来邮件，就倡议内容询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 提出的建议； 2. 建议的理由。 提示词：倡议 proposal 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers. Here’s my advice. I suggest focusing on environmental protection. As we know, the environment is facing serious problems, which affect everyone’s life. If we can raise awareness about it and encourage more people to take action, it will make a big difference. Another idea is to promote cultural exchange. We live in a world where different cultures coexist. By sharing our cultures and learning from each other, we can build a more harmonious global community. I hope these suggestions help! Let me know if you need more ideas. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对外国好友Jim关于联合国全球青少年倡议征集活动的询问进行回复，给出倡议内容的建议及理由。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 建议：suggest→advise 关注：focus on → concentrate on 提高：raise→enhance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I’m glad to hear that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers. 拓展句：Hearing that you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers, I feel glad. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】We live in a world where different cultures coexist.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Let me know if you need more ideas.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 3．（2024年北京卷英语真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)建议投稿内容； (2)就以上建议简要说明理由。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】Dear Jim, It’s great to hear you’re planning to write about China’s achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country. Here are a few suggestions for your article. To begin with, talk about China’s economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades. Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China’s determination to build a shared future with the world. In addition, you can also mention China’s role in helping solving global issues such as the global warming, offering a more comprehensive view. Looking forward to reading your article! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写。外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，要求考生给他回复邮件，就此给予他建议。 【解析】 1.词汇积累 很好的：great →wonderful 成就：achievement→ accomplishment 建议：suggestion →advice 此外：In addition → what’s more 2.句式拓展 句式变换 原句：It’s great to hear you’re planning to write about China’s achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country. 拓展句：It’s great to hear what you’re planning to write about is China’s achievements on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of this country. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】To begin with, talk about China’s economic growth and technological advancements, which are the highlights in the past few decades.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Then, projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to discuss because it showcases China’s determination to build a shared future with the world.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $