精品解析：天津市南开大学附属中学津南学校2026-2027学年第一学期高三年级第一次学情反馈英语学科试卷

南开大学附属中学津南学校2026-2027学年第一学期 高三年级 英语学科 第一次学情反馈 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共150分。考试用时120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（共115分） 第一节：听力理解（20分） 第一部分（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. What will the girl in blue do? A. Clean the meeting room. B. Remove a chair. C. Give a lecture. 2. What’s the man going to do tomorrow morning? A. Go to the airport. B. Go to a hotel. C. Make a call. 3. What does the man mean? A. The books will be damaged. B. The books may be delayed. C. He will cancel the order. 4. Where does the woman work now? A. In Beijing. B. In London. C. In Shanghai. 5. When will the woman go to travel? A. In December. B. In November. C. In January. 第二部分（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。 6. What’s the problem of the man? A. He’s putting on weight. B. He’s suffering from mental problems. C. He lacks physical exercise. 7. What does the woman advise the man to eat? A. Some nutritious food. B. More snacks. C. Some potato chips. 8. How does the man find the woman’s suggestions on diet? A. Impractical. B. Acceptable. C. Unrealistic. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第12四个小题。 9. How does the man feel after driving a long time? A. Excited. B. Disappointed. C. Tired. 10. What did the woman do before the trip? A. She made some food by herself. B. She learnt to drive. C. She checked the weather. 11. What does the man like? A. Travelling alone in his car. B. Exploring the sea. C. Staying at home. 12. Where will the two people go next? A. To a gas station. B. To a restaurant. C. To a hotel. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13. What do many people do with their old computers? A. They repair them. B. They sell them. C. They stop using them. 14. According to the laws in some countries, what must computer companies do? A. Collect all their used products. B. Recycle most of their products. C. Repair and upgrade their old computers. 15. What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers? A. Help the computer companies to collect them. B. Repair and send them to those who need them. C. Help people to learn to use them. 第二节：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分） 1. — I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your performance yesterday. I heard it was really inspiring. — ________. You had a good reason, and I know you would have come if you could. A. Don’t mention it B. All right C. Never mind D. I’m afraid not 2. ________ he said at the meeting about how to protect the local agriculture made everyone present think deeply. A. What B. That C. Which D. It 3. The scientist, ________ research has changed our understanding of the deep sea, was appointed as a professional advisor to the committee. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 4. By the time we arrived at the platform after a long bus ride, the train ________, so we missed the beginning. A. had begun B. begins C. has begun D. would begin 5. This knowledge, which is of great value to local farmers, is ________ through families, meaning that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces. A. passed down B. passed by C. passed away D. passed out 6. According to the safety regulations, every professional staff member ________ attend the annual training on emergency measures. A. can B. may C. would D. shall 7. The number of volunteers taking part in the annual charity activity, which is held every spring, ________ increasing year by year, showing that our efforts are paying off. A. are B. have been C. were D. is 8. The valley, ________ we spent a pleasant summer holiday last year, has now become a popular tourist destination. A. which B. where C. that D. when 9. The committee members ________ the annual performance in the studio when the power suddenly went off, leaving the entire room in darkness. A. discussed B. were discussing C. had discussed D. have discussed 10. ________ from the top of the tower, the entire valley looks like a beautiful picture, with a river running through it. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. Having seen 11. It was not until midnight ________ he finally finished his summary and went to bed. A. when B. which C. since D. that 12. Although technology, such as social media, has changed the way we ________ friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. A. require B. acquire C. inquire D. admire 13. The editor ________ all the papers so quickly, for he was attending an important meeting the whole day. A. must check B. needn’t check C. should have checked D. can’t have checked 14. If harmless actions are ________ harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors, which seem so different in meaning, the same in form? A. the same as B. similar to C. the opposite of D. equal to 15. —I heard you were nervous about the speech. How did you manage to stay so calm? —To be honest, I ________ before I went on stage, but I kept telling myself to take a deep breath. A. had butterflies in my stomach B. Don’t be a wet blanket C. held my head up D. threw the baby with the bathwater 第三节、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to ____16____ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of ____17____ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my _____18_____ When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me ____19____ . I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this ____20____ weight any more. That year, I____21____ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her ____22____ story —she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.___23___ by her story, I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals ____24____. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000____25____ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world ____26____ me as the perfect solution.___27___I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would ___28___ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the ____29____ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right ____30____. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began _____31_____in from hundreds of people. Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and _____32_____ meals. My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ____33____. A year later, I____34____ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is _____35_____ and enormous. 16. A. add B. mix C. kill D. share 17. A. diets B. drinks C. fruits D. dishes 18. A. height B. ability C. wisdom D. weight 19. A. temporarily B. recently C. seriously D. secretly 20. A. ideal B. extra C. normal D. low 21. A. attended B. organized C. recommended D. mentioned 22. A. folk B. success C. adventure D. science 23. A. Surprised B. Amused C. Influenced D. Disturbed 24. A. project B. business C. system D. custom 25. A. in search of B. in need of C. in place of D. in support of 26. A. scared B. considered C. confused D. struck 27. A. As B. Until C. If D. Unless 28. A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside 29. A. excitement B. joy C. anger D. fear 30. A. row B. hall C. path D. street 31. A. breaking B. flooding C. jumping D. stepping 32. A. heavy B. full C. expense D. healthy 33. A. regularly B. limitlessly C. suddenly D. randomly 34. A. set B. reached C. missed D. dropped 35. A. stressful B. painful C. meaningful D. peaceful 第四节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） A Fallingwater is a house built over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Frank Lloyd Wright, America’s most famous architect, designed the house in 1935. It instantly became famous, and today it is a National Historic Landmark. Guided House Tour This tour features all the major rooms of the house and lasts about one hour. Photography is not permitted during this tour. The Guided House Tour allows children six-year-old and older to enjoy the house with their parents. Adults — $$ 20.00 with advance purchase — $$ 23.00 when purchased on site Youth (ages 6〜12) — $$ 14.00 with advance purchase — $$ 17.00 when purchased on site Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, except Wednesday. In-Depth Tour The tour is best if you desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children nine years and older may accompany adults on this tour. $ 65.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm Sunset Tour As afternoon turns to evening, the changing light allows you to see Fallingwater from an entirely new perspective. The number of visitors is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children under nine-years-old are not permitted on this tour. $ 110.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) May, June, & September — Saturdays at 4:30 pm July & August — Fridays and Saturdays at 4:45 pm Brunch Tour The guests join their guide for brunch before they leave. Children nine years and older may accompany adults on this tour. Please allow three hours total for this experience. $ 115.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) May through September — Saturdays & Sundays at 9:00 am 36. Today ______ is a National Historic Landmark. A. Frank Lloyd Wright B. a house in Southeastern Pennsylvania C. Fallingwater D. a famous architect 37. How much will a father and his two children (one is 9, the other is 15) spend if they buy the Guided House Tour tickets ahead of time? A. $ 48 B. $54 C. $ 63 D. $ 51 38. Where can a couple with an eight-year-old girl make a tour? A. Guided House Tour. B. In-Depth Tour. C. Brunch Tour. D. Sunset Tour. 39. What can we know about Sunset Tour? A. The number of visitors is not limited. B. It is not accessible in August. C. It is only open for teenagers. D. The ticket isn’t available on site. 40. What do the four tours mentioned have in common? A. They encourage advance tickets B. They offer brunch free of charge C. They forbid visitors taking photos D. They have the same price of tickets B It’s amazing how we grow from careless kids to responsible teens. What happens in the course that makes us responsible now? It’s the seed that we sow in the beginning which grows and becomes a huge tree. As a kid, I used to read a lot of story books. In one particular book, I read a story of a bird. It described a male bird which takes a lot of pain to build a nest and the female bird takes shelter in it and nourishes the baby. When the bird learns to fly, the whole family flies off to a different place leaving behind the beautiful nest for other birds to grow their family in it. It made me wonder. How could they so easily sacrifice their house built with so much effort? One night, when I was deep in sleep, I got this particular dream. I was walking miles on the endless road, totally isolated but lined with beautiful trees on either side, I happened to stop upon seeing something. It was a wonderful house with every corner touched artistically and lovingly. I don’t know why I felt that it was done lovingly. Maybe because, things turn out to be beautiful only when we put our love into it — just like the food prepared by mom which tastes more delicious with her love. I explored the house only to fall more in love with it. There was a sloping roof which matched with the greenery around; the large central open courtyard reminded me of the activities that might have taken place there which felt lively even now when it is completely deserted. The small water body that kept the house cool added to the beauty of the house — of course, it was all dried up now. It’s really wonderful how such things add life to the spaces which otherwise just become structures. Such liveliness and happening turns the house into a home. When I woke up from the dream, I was clear about everything. I realized where that mile of walk was intending me to lead. I realized what message my dream wanted to convey me. And years later, when finally my turn of choosing my destination came, I simply closed my eyes. When I opened my eyes, I was sure what to do. I decided to choose the road less traveled. Yes, I took up architecture as my profession because this is what I am destined to do. I wanted to do the same thing that the male bird in the story did, to take pain in building a beautiful house and let others stay in it. 41. When the writer read the story of the bird, he probably felt ________. A. upset B. confused C. amazed D. amused 42. To the writer, “the seed that we sow in the beginning” (Paragraph 1) is ________. A. the story of the bird B. his mother’s food C. the house in his dream D. his story books 43. Mom’s food always tastes better because ________. A. mom cooks with her love B. we are so familiar with mom’s food C. moms are better cooks than fathers D. mom is experienced in cooking 44. In the writer’s dream, what part of the house attracted him most? A. The greenery surrounding the house. B. The body of water that keeps the house cool. C. The liveliness he sensed around the house. D. The fact that the house was very large. 45. The above passage is mainly about ________. A. how the writer finally becomes an honest citizen B. where the true meaning of responsibility lies C. what we need to do when we are seeking fortune D. why the writer takes up architecture as his career C Concerns about microplastics are not new. The term was coined in 2004 by marine ecologist Richard Thompson after he discovered tiny bits of plastic littering British beaches. Since then, they’ve been growing for over two decades. The world produces 400 million tons of plastic annually, and much of that material breaks down into tiny pieces that now pollute our planet. Scientists have found microplastics — fragments less than 5 millimeters wide — nearly everywhere: in the deep sea, in Arctic ice, in the air. Even inside us. A 2019 study in Environmental Science &Technology estimated humans ingest (摄入) up to 100, 000 bits of plastic each day. It’s not just the physical presence of plastic inside the body that poses a potential problem; plastic’s chemical additives might affect different species’ tissues and organs, according to a 2021 study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. However, there is disagreement in the literature as to how much microplastics harm species, including humans. Some say larger particles (微粒) may pass right through our bodies while the nanoscale pieces could enter our cells. More research is needed. Researches are working on this vast issue. In 2020, Duke University scientists created a public database to track plastic innovations. For example, the Hoola One, a rugged-terrain vacuum (全地形吸尘器), is being tested on Hawaiian beaches, which internally separates microplastics from organic materials. Hong Kong Polytechnic University researchers presented a unique idea in 2022 at the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference: a bacteria biofilm that could attract and trap microplastics at a wastewater treatment plant, before they flow into rivers and oceans. This wide range of measures could help in specific pollution hot spots, says Zoie Diana, a Duke doctoral candidate, who worked on the inventory (清单) and added 40 new inventions this year. But “if you have a technology that would capture microplastics at the industrial wastewater scale, before they enter our waterways, that would be ideal,” Diana says. That’s where Alain Marty, chief scientist at the biochemistry start-up Carbios, comes into the picture. In a 2020 Nature article, Marty and colleagues describe how they engineered an enzyme (酶) to break down plastic quickly and efficiently. Industries could employ the enzyme as part of their manufacturing processes, so that nearly all of their material could be reused to create products. “If waste has a value, then it becomes a product,” he says. “And once it’s a product, it will be collected and no longer pollute our oceans and our environment.” Marty’s discovery is a breakthrough in the right direction, though preventing microplastics by reducing our plastic use is just as important, says Diana. “We really want to turn off the tap.” 46. Which best explains the potential threat of microplastics mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. They immediately cause fatal organ failure upon ingestion. B. They are too small to be detected by current medical equipment. C. Their chemical components may interfere with biological tissues. D. They physically block the digestive systems of various marine species. 47. What can be inferred about an existing scientific insight into microplastics? A. Larger particles are considered more dangerous than tiniest ones. B. There is a unified agreement that they pose little risk to human health. C. The extent of harm depends largely on the size of the particles involved. D. Researchers have successfully developed a cure for microplastic poisoning. 48. How does the author develop the ideas in Paragraph 3? A. By making comparison. B. By presenting cases. C. By giving criticism. D. By listing facts. 49. According to the passage, what is Alain Marty’s ultimate goal regarding plastic waste? A. To increase the economic value of waste to ensure its collection and reuse. B. To design more efficient vacuum cleaners for beach cleaning. C. To relocate plastic waste to remote areas like the Arctic. D. To ban all forms of plastic production globally. 50. Which best describes the tone of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Humorous and irony, laughing at the efforts of the engineers. B. Technical and unconcerned, describing a mechanical process. C. Pessimistic and hopeless, suggesting the problem is unsolvable. D. Metaphorical and urgent, stressing the priority of source reduction. D Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being “modern” and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within a particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is, the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of a short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time. Modern societies engage in such tourist practices. New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there. Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce (强化) this daydreaming. Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified (物化) or captured through photographs, postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured. One of the earliest research papers on the subject of tourism is Boorstin’s analysis of the “pseudo-event” (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience “reality” directly but are happy with “pseudo-event”. Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man-made attractions, and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and ignoring the real world outside. Over time, the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self-perpetuating (自我延续的) system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble” of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment. 51. What does the author want to tell us in the 1st paragraph? A. Making a careful travel plan is necessary. B. Planning travel involves time and thought. C. Getting travel tips from your friends may save time. D. Choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable. 52. What does Paragraph 2 indicate about tourist trips? A. Modern transport and hotels satisfy tourists’ needs. B. Tourists’ expectations shape their choice of destinations. C. Various media create fun pleasures for local people. D. Tourists take trips to experience real-life local sights. 53. What does the underlined part in the 3rd paragraph probably mean? A. New environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive. B. Traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine. C. Travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values. D. Tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience. 54. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time. B. When travelling, many tourists will miss their homes and friends. C. American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside. D. The advantage of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own. 55. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage? A. Tourism, a Direct Hug of Nature B. Tourism, an Appetite for the Unordinary C. Tourism, a False Belief about the World D. Tourism, a New Relation to Familiar Sights 第II卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit. He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down. Walter would pour out stories concerning his lost golden years, back when he stood out as an outstanding baseball player. Quiet and attentive, I always stayed patient, absorbing every piece of his past experiences. After a couple of hours of talking, I would shake his hands and say goodbye to him. I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walter’s life. I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital. These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others. From an early age, kindness stood highest among all human values in my mind, and helping others as well as contributing to society had become key life-goals for me. Years of words and deeds at home had inculcated in me this deep-rooted conviction. Volunteer work offered one practical way to put these inner beliefs into practice. Apart from that, through continuous hours spent alongside those people, my perspectives slowly shifted without my awareness. Getting close to other people’s real-life experiences brought new richness to my days. Observing the ways others fought against life hardships offered me precious insights into courage and self-respect. Those individuals I came across during my service have left lasting memories deep in my mind. In fact, what I gained along the journey turned out to be beyond what I had offered. This is why volunteerism works — each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others. 56. What did the author do every time he visited Walter? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________ 57. What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________ 58. What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 2 word) ________________________________________________________________ 59. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________ 60. If you are to be a volunteer, what will you do? What can you benefit from the volunteer work? (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（共25分） 61. 假定你是李津，你校将举办一场面向留学生的中国传统美食品鉴会。请你向学校英文报投稿，介绍并宣传此次活动，内容包括： 1. 活动内容简介； 2. 活动的意义； 3. 邀请留学生参与。 要求：1.词数不少于100；2.可以适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南开大学附属中学津南学校2026-2027学年第一学期 高三年级 英语学科 第一次学情反馈 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共150分。考试用时120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（共115分） 第一节：听力理解（20分） 第一部分（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. What will the girl in blue do? A. Clean the meeting room. B. Remove a chair. C. Give a lecture. 2. What’s the man going to do tomorrow morning? A. Go to the airport. B. Go to a hotel. C. Make a call. 3. What does the man mean? A. The books will be damaged. B. The books may be delayed. C. He will cancel the order. 4. Where does the woman work now? A. In Beijing. B. In London. C. In Shanghai. 5. When will the woman go to travel? A. In December. B. In November. C. In January. 第二部分（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。 6. What’s the problem of the man? A. He’s putting on weight. B. He’s suffering from mental problems. C. He lacks physical exercise. 7. What does the woman advise the man to eat? A. Some nutritious food. B. More snacks. C. Some potato chips. 8. How does the man find the woman’s suggestions on diet? A. Impractical. B. Acceptable. C. Unrealistic. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第12四个小题。 9. How does the man feel after driving a long time? A. Excited. B. Disappointed. C. Tired. 10. What did the woman do before the trip? A. She made some food by herself. B. She learnt to drive. C. She checked the weather. 11. What does the man like? A. Travelling alone in his car. B. Exploring the sea. C. Staying at home. 12. Where will the two people go next? A. To a gas station. B. To a restaurant. C. To a hotel. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13. What do many people do with their old computers? A. They repair them. B. They sell them. C. They stop using them. 14. According to the laws in some countries, what must computer companies do? A. Collect all their used products. B. Recycle most of their products. C. Repair and upgrade their old computers. 15. What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers? A. Help the computer companies to collect them. B. Repair and send them to those who need them. C. Help people to learn to use them. 第二节：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分） 1. — I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your performance yesterday. I heard it was really inspiring. — ________. You had a good reason, and I know you would have come if you could. A. Don’t mention it B. All right C. Never mind D. I’m afraid not 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：—— 很抱歉昨天没能去看你的演出。我听说这场演出非常鼓舞人心。—— 没关系。你有合理的理由，我知道如果可以的话你本来会来的。A. Don’t mention it不客气；B. All right好吧；C. Never mind没关系；D. I’m afraid not恐怕不行。根据后文“You had a good reason, and I know you would have come if you could”可知，说话人表示谅解，回应道歉用“没关系”。 2. ________ he said at the meeting about how to protect the local agriculture made everyone present think deeply. A. What B. That C. Which D. It 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：他在会议上说的关于如何保护当地农业的话让在场的每个人都陷入了深思。“________ he said at the meeting about how to protect the local agriculture”为主语从句，从句中谓语动词said缺少宾语，且表示“……的话/事情”，应用what引导。 3. The scientist, ________ research has changed our understanding of the deep sea, was appointed as a professional advisor to the committee. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位科学家的研究改变了我们对深海的理解，他被任命为委员会的专业顾问。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是The scientist，指人，且从句中名词research前缺少定语，表示“这位科学家的”，需用关系代词whose引导作定语。 4. By the time we arrived at the platform after a long bus ride, the train ________, so we missed the beginning. A. had begun B. begins C. has begun D. would begin 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：经过漫长的公交车程，当我们到达站台时，火车已经开动了，所以我们错过了开头。begin作主句谓语，结合时间状语“By the time we arrived at the platform after a long bus ride”可知，“火车开动”发生在“我们到达站台”这一过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态had begun。 5. This knowledge, which is of great value to local farmers, is ________ through families, meaning that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces. A. passed down B. passed by C. passed away D. passed out 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这种对当地农民非常有价值的知识，在家庭中代代相传，这意味着新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维护梯田。A. passed down传下来，世代相传；B. passed by经过，路过；C. passed away去世；D. passed out昏倒，失去知觉。根据下文“new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture”可知，这种知识是在家庭中代代相传的。 6. According to the safety regulations, every professional staff member ________ attend the annual training on emergency measures. A. can B. may C. would D. shall 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：根据安全规定，每位专业员工都必须参加关于应急措施的年度培训。shall用于第二、第三人称时，表示在条约、规章、法令等文件中的义务或规定，意为“必须，应该”；题干中“According to the safety regulations”表明这是规章制度中的要求，用情态动词shall。 7. The number of volunteers taking part in the annual charity activity, which is held every spring, ________ increasing year by year, showing that our efforts are paying off. A. are B. have been C. were D. is 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：参加每年春天举行的年度慈善活动的志愿者人数逐年增加，这表明我们的努力正在取得回报。“the number of + 复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。结合后文“showing that our efforts are paying off”可知，此处描述的是现在的状况，应使用现在进行时，be用is，和increasing构成现在进行时。 8. The valley, ________ we spent a pleasant summer holiday last year, has now become a popular tourist destination. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：那个山谷，去年我们在那里度过了一个愉快的暑假，现在已经成为一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词The valley。从句主谓宾成分完整，缺少地点状语，因此需要使用关系副词where来引导。 9. The committee members ________ the annual performance in the studio when the power suddenly went off, leaving the entire room in darkness. A. discussed B. were discussing C. had discussed D. have discussed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：委员会成员正在演播室讨论年度工作成效，这时突然断电，整个房间陷入一片黑暗。“was/were doing sth....when...”是固定句型，意为“正在做某事，这时突然发生某事”，主句谓语动词discuss用过去进行时态，主语The committee members为复数，谓语动词用复数形式were discussing。 10. ________ from the top of the tower, the entire valley looks like a beautiful picture, with a river running through it. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. Having seen 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：从塔顶望去，整个山谷看起来像一幅美丽的画，一条河从中流过。此处作状语，see(看见，看到)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the entire valley之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。 11. It was not until midnight ________ he finally finished his summary and went to bed. A. when B. which C. since D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：直到半夜他才最终完成总结并上床睡觉。本题考查强调句型，其基本结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”。当强调not until引导的时间状语时，固定句型为It is/was not until... that...，意为“直到……才……”。本句中被强调的部分是not until midnight，因此空格处应填入that。 12. Although technology, such as social media, has changed the way we ________ friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. A. require B. acquire C. inquire D. admire 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然科技(如社交媒体)改变了我们获得朋友的方式，但友谊的意义以及我们对朋友的渴望保持不变。A. require需要；B. acquire获得；C. inquire询问；D. admire钦佩。根据“changed the way”和“friends”可知，科技改变了我们获得朋友的方式。 13. The editor ________ all the papers so quickly, for he was attending an important meeting the whole day. A. must check B. needn’t check C. should have checked D. can’t have checked 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：编辑不可能这么快就检查完所有的论文，因为他一整天都在参加一个重要的会议。根据后半句“for he was attending an important meeting the whole day”可知，动作发生在过去，且因为他一整天都在开会，所以推测他“不可能”这么快检查完所有论文。对过去发生事情的否定推测，应用“can’t have + 过去分词”结构，意为“不可能做过某事”。 14. If harmless actions are ________ harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors, which seem so different in meaning, the same in form? A. the same as B. similar to C. the opposite of D. equal to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果无害的行为是有害行为的反面，为什么无耻的（shameless）和可耻的（shameful）行为，在意义上看起来如此不同，在形式上却是一样的？A. the same as与……相同；B. similar to与……相似；C. the opposite of与……相反；D. equal to与……相等。harmless（无害的）和 harmful（有害的）互为反义词，空格处应表示“与……相反”。 15. —I heard you were nervous about the speech. How did you manage to stay so calm? —To be honest, I ________ before I went on stage, but I kept telling myself to take a deep breath. A. had butterflies in my stomach B. Don’t be a wet blanket C. held my head up D. threw the baby with the bathwater 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我听说你对演讲感到紧张。你是怎么做到保持如此冷静的？——老实说，在上台前我心里七上八下，但我一直告诉自己要深呼吸。A. had butterflies in my stomach心里七上八下，感到紧张；B. Don’t be a wet blanket别做扫兴的人；C. held my head up昂首挺胸；D. threw the baby with the bathwater不分良莠一起抛弃。根据后文but I kept telling myself to take a deep breath的转折可知，说话人在上台前感到非常紧张。 第三节、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to ____16____ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of ____17____ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my _____18_____ When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me ____19____ . I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this ____20____ weight any more. That year, I____21____ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her ____22____ story —she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.___23___ by her story, I created the As We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals ____24____. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000____25____ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world ____26____ me as the perfect solution.___27___I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would ___28___ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the ____29____ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right ____30____. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began _____31_____in from hundreds of people. Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and _____32_____ meals. My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ____33____. A year later, I____34____ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is _____35_____ and enormous. 16. A. add B. mix C. kill D. share 17. A. diets B. drinks C. fruits D. dishes 18. A. height B. ability C. wisdom D. weight 19. A. temporarily B. recently C. seriously D. secretly 20. A. ideal B. extra C. normal D. low 21. A. attended B. organized C. recommended D. mentioned 22. A. folk B. success C. adventure D. science 23. A. Surprised B. Amused C. Influenced D. Disturbed 24. A. project B. business C. system D. custom 25. A. in search of B. in need of C. in place of D. in support of 26. A. scared B. considered C. confused D. struck 27. A. As B. Until C. If D. Unless 28. A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside 29. A. excitement B. joy C. anger D. fear 30. A. row B. hall C. path D. street 31. A. breaking B. flooding C. jumping D. stepping 32. A. heavy B. full C. expense D. healthy 33. A. regularly B. limitlessly C. suddenly D. randomly 34. A. set B. reached C. missed D. dropped 35. A. stressful B. painful C. meaningful D. peaceful 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【分析】本文讲述了作者曾因体重而束手无策，参加了一个研讨会后，给自己创建了一个项目，目标是减掉150磅，筹集50,000美金，一年后作者实现了这个目标，感觉自己像被给了第二次生命去为一些有意义的事情。 【16题详解】 I used it to ___1___ bad feelings，A. add添加；B. mix混合；C. kill杀害；D. share分享。根据上文“I had a very poor relationship with food（我和食物的关系不好）”可知，此处应该是用食物来“杀死”不好的感觉，故选C。 【17题详解】 I tried many different kinds of ___2___ but nothing worked. A. diets饮食；B. drinks饮料；C. fruits水果；D. dishes餐具。句意：我尝试了不同的饮食方式，但是没有效果。故选A。 【18题详解】 I came to believe that I could do nothing about my ___3___. A. height身高；B. ability能力；C. wisdom聪明；D. weight体重，结合上文：尝试了不同的饮食方式，但是没有效果，可知此处作者想表达的意思：对于自己的体重什么也做不了，故选D。 【19题详解】 my weight problem began to affect me ___4___. A. temporarily临时地；B. recently最近地；C. seriously严肃地，严重地；D. secretly秘密地。结合下文可知：“我”的体重严重地影响到了“我”。故选C。 【20题详解】 I didn’t want to live the rest of my life with this ___5___ weight any more. A. ideal理想的；B. extra额外的；C. normal正常的；D. low低的。句意：“我”不想带着这额外的体重度过余生。故选B。 【21题详解】 I ___6___ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A. attended参加；B. organized组织；C. recommended推荐，介绍；D. mentioned提到。句意：“我”参加了一个研讨会，在那我们被要求去创建一个可以触摸世界的项目。故选A。 【22题详解】 A seminar leader shared her ___7___ story，A. folk民族；B. success成功；C. adventure冒险；D. science科学。根据研讨会领导讲的故事的内容：she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.她不仅体重减少125磅，而且为无家可归的孩子筹集了25000美元，所以这应该是一个成功的故事，故选B。 【23题详解】 ___8___ by her story，A. Surprised惊讶的；B. Amused愉快的；C. Influenced有影响的；D. Disturbed扰乱的。根据下文作者创建了一个项目，可知作者被研讨会领导人的故事所影响，故选C。 【24题详解】 I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals ___9___. A. project项目；B. business商业；C. system系统；D. custom习惯。结合上文，“we were asked to create a project”，出现过project，可推测应该是我创建了“我们痊愈，世界痊愈”的项目，故选A。 【25题详解】 My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 ___10___ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. 句意：我的目标是减掉150磅，筹集50,000美元，支持30年前创立的“结束饥饿”的运动。A. in search of寻找；B. in need of需要；C. in place of代替；D. in support of支持，故选D。 【26题详解】 This combination of healing myself and healing the world ___11___ me as the perfect solution. A. scared害怕；B. considered考虑；C. confused困惑；D. struck打击；strike me as意为“我认为，在我看来……”。句意：治愈我和治愈世界的联合在我看来是完美的解决办法。故选D。 【27题详解】 ___12___ I began my own personal weight program, A. As 当……时；B. Until直到；C. If如果；D. Unless除非。根据下文，应该是当我开始我自己的体重计划，故选A。 【28题详解】 I was filled with the fear that I would ___13___ the same difficulties that beat me before. A. get over克服，恢复；B. run into遭遇，陷入；C. look for寻找；D. put aside放在一边。句意：我害怕我像之前一样陷入困难，打击自己。故选B。 【29题详解】 While the ___14___ hung over my head A. excitement激动，振奋；B. joy乐趣；C. anger生气；D. fear害怕。结合上一句“ I was filled with the fear…”可知，此处应该是害怕感萦绕心头，故选D。 【30题详解】 there were also signs that I was headed down the right ___15___. A. row行，排；B. hall大厅；C. path轨道；D. street街道。句意：这里有我朝向正确轨道行走的标志，故选C。 【31题详解】 Donations began ___16___ in from hundreds of people. A. breaking破坏；B. flooding（洪水般）泛滥；C. jumping跳；D. stepping踏。句意：捐赠开始如洪水般泛滥，来自数百个人。故选B。 【32题详解】 and I began to eat small and ___17___ meals A. heavy重的；B. full满的；C. expensive贵的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文：“I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a…”可知，作者在尝试一些实际方法去减肥，所以此处应该是健康的食物，故选D。 【33题详解】 My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise ___18___. A. regularly定期的；有规律的；B. limitlessly无限制地；C. suddenly突然地；D. randomly随便地。句意：“我”对筹集基金的关注也给了我定期运动的动力。故选A。 【34题详解】 A year later, I ___19___ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! A. set布置，树立；B. reached到达；C. missed错过，想念；D. dropped落下。句意：一年后，我实现了目标——减掉150磅，并且筹集了50,000美金。常用搭配reach one’s goal意为“实现某人的目标”，故选B。 【35题详解】 I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is ___20___ and enormous. A. stressful有压力的；B. painful痛苦的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. peaceful和平的。结合上下文，这里something应该是指作者自己创建的项目—lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000，这是一件有意义的事情，故选C。 【名师点睛】 完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力。做此题时必须通篇考虑，先掌握大意，再综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行推理判断。通读全文，了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，充分利用各种线索答题。语境信息解题法： 对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。 例如第3小题 I came to believe that I could do nothing about my ___3___，A. height 身高；B. ability能力；C. wisdom聪明；D. weight体重。通读全文后，可知大意：作者为了解决体重问题，创建了一个“我们痊愈，世界痊愈”的项目，最后实现了既定目标——体重减掉150磅，并且筹集50,000美金，然后根据问题定位到第一段的信息：作者曾重达370磅，和食物的关系很差，尝试过了很多不同的饮食方法，还是没有效果，由此可见，此处作者想表达的意思：“我”对自己的体重毫无办法，故选D。 第四节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） A Fallingwater is a house built over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Frank Lloyd Wright, America’s most famous architect, designed the house in 1935. It instantly became famous, and today it is a National Historic Landmark. Guided House Tour This tour features all the major rooms of the house and lasts about one hour. Photography is not permitted during this tour. The Guided House Tour allows children six-year-old and older to enjoy the house with their parents. Adults — $$ 20.00 with advance purchase — $$ 23.00 when purchased on site Youth (ages 6〜12) — $$ 14.00 with advance purchase — $$ 17.00 when purchased on site Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm, except Wednesday. In-Depth Tour The tour is best if you desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children nine years and older may accompany adults on this tour. $ 65.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm Sunset Tour As afternoon turns to evening, the changing light allows you to see Fallingwater from an entirely new perspective. The number of visitors is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children under nine-years-old are not permitted on this tour. $ 110.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) May, June, & September — Saturdays at 4:30 pm July & August — Fridays and Saturdays at 4:45 pm Brunch Tour The guests join their guide for brunch before they leave. Children nine years and older may accompany adults on this tour. Please allow three hours total for this experience. $ 115.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) May through September — Saturdays & Sundays at 9:00 am 36. Today ______ is a National Historic Landmark. A. Frank Lloyd Wright B. a house in Southeastern Pennsylvania C. Fallingwater D. a famous architect 37. How much will a father and his two children (one is 9, the other is 15) spend if they buy the Guided House Tour tickets ahead of time? A. $ 48 B. $54 C. $ 63 D. $ 51 38. Where can a couple with an eight-year-old girl make a tour? A. Guided House Tour. B. In-Depth Tour. C. Brunch Tour. D. Sunset Tour. 39. What can we know about Sunset Tour? A. The number of visitors is not limited. B. It is not accessible in August. C. It is only open for teenagers. D. The ticket isn’t available on site. 40. What do the four tours mentioned have in common? A. They encourage advance tickets B. They offer brunch free of charge C. They forbid visitors taking photos D. They have the same price of tickets 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一栋建在美国宾夕法尼亚州西南部一个瀑布上的房子— Fallingwater，并且，同时介绍了四条旅游路线的票价、购票方式及旅游中需要注意事项。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中Fallingwater is a house built over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania. It instantly became famous, and today it is a National Historic Landmark. (Fallingwater是一栋建在宾夕法尼亚州西南部瀑布上的房子。它立即变得著名，今天它是国家历史地标)可知，Fallingwater 就是一个国家历史地标。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中Adults — $$ 20.00 with advance purchase，Youth (ages 6〜12) — $$ 14.00 with advance purchase，可知20+20+14=54。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中The Guided House Tour allows children six-year-old and older to enjoy the house with their parents. (The Guided House Tour允许6岁以上的孩子与父母同住)。而In-Depth Tour；Sunset Tour；Brunch Tour都要求9岁及以上的孩子才能参加。所以可推断出他们只能选择The Guided House Tour这条旅游路线。故选A项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段Sunset Tour中$ 110.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only)(每人$ 110.00，只限预先购票)可知，现场不能买票。故选D项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。通读文章可知，Guided House Tour，In-Depth Tour；Sunset Tour；Brunch Tour这些路线都鼓励人们提前购票(advance purchase)，所以这个是它们的共同点。故选A项。 B It’s amazing how we grow from careless kids to responsible teens. What happens in the course that makes us responsible now? It’s the seed that we sow in the beginning which grows and becomes a huge tree. As a kid, I used to read a lot of story books. In one particular book, I read a story of a bird. It described a male bird which takes a lot of pain to build a nest and the female bird takes shelter in it and nourishes the baby. When the bird learns to fly, the whole family flies off to a different place leaving behind the beautiful nest for other birds to grow their family in it. It made me wonder. How could they so easily sacrifice their house built with so much effort? One night, when I was deep in sleep, I got this particular dream. I was walking miles on the endless road, totally isolated but lined with beautiful trees on either side, I happened to stop upon seeing something. It was a wonderful house with every corner touched artistically and lovingly. I don’t know why I felt that it was done lovingly. Maybe because, things turn out to be beautiful only when we put our love into it — just like the food prepared by mom which tastes more delicious with her love. I explored the house only to fall more in love with it. There was a sloping roof which matched with the greenery around; the large central open courtyard reminded me of the activities that might have taken place there which felt lively even now when it is completely deserted. The small water body that kept the house cool added to the beauty of the house — of course, it was all dried up now. It’s really wonderful how such things add life to the spaces which otherwise just become structures. Such liveliness and happening turns the house into a home. When I woke up from the dream, I was clear about everything. I realized where that mile of walk was intending me to lead. I realized what message my dream wanted to convey me. And years later, when finally my turn of choosing my destination came, I simply closed my eyes. When I opened my eyes, I was sure what to do. I decided to choose the road less traveled. Yes, I took up architecture as my profession because this is what I am destined to do. I wanted to do the same thing that the male bird in the story did, to take pain in building a beautiful house and let others stay in it. 41. When the writer read the story of the bird, he probably felt ________. A. upset B. confused C. amazed D. amused 42. To the writer, “the seed that we sow in the beginning” (Paragraph 1) is ________. A. the story of the bird B. his mother’s food C. the house in his dream D. his story books 43. Mom’s food always tastes better because ________. A. mom cooks with her love B. we are so familiar with mom’s food C. moms are better cooks than fathers D. mom is experienced in cooking 44. In the writer’s dream, what part of the house attracted him most? A. The greenery surrounding the house. B. The body of water that keeps the house cool. C. The liveliness he sensed around the house. D. The fact that the house was very large. 45. The above passage is mainly about ________. A. how the writer finally becomes an honest citizen B. where the true meaning of responsibility lies C. what we need to do when we are seeking fortune D. why the writer takes up architecture as his career 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. A 44. C 45. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者儿时读到的鸟筑巢故事和梦中的房子，最终促使他选择建筑学作为职业。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It made me wonder. How could they so easily sacrifice their house built with so much effort?(这让我感到疑惑。它们怎么能这么轻易地放弃费了这么大劲建好的房子呢?)”可知，作者对鸟儿的做法感到困惑。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’s amazing how we grow from careless kids to responsible teens. What happens in the course that makes us responsible now? It’s the seed that we sow in the beginning which grows and becomes a huge tree.(令人惊叹的是，我们如何从粗心的孩子成长为负责任的青少年。在这个过程中发生了什么，让我们如今变得有责任心？正是我们最初播下的种子，生根发芽，长成了一棵参天大树)”、第二段中“In one particular book, I read a story of a bird.(在一本特别的书中，我读到了一个关于鸟的故事)”和最后一段中“I wanted to do the same thing that the male bird in the story did, to take pain in building a beautiful house and let others stay in it.(我想做故事中那只雄鸟所做的同样的事，在建造美丽房屋中承受辛苦，并让别人住在里面)”可知，“种子”指的是对他人生轨迹产生深远影响的鸟的故事。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Maybe because, things turn out to be beautiful only when we put our love into it — just like the food prepared by mom which tastes more delicious with her love.(也许是因为，只有当我们投入爱时，事物才会变得美丽——就像妈妈准备的食物，因为倾注了她的爱而尝起来更美味)”可知，妈妈做的饭更好吃是因为里面包含了妈妈的爱。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It’s really wonderful how such things add life to the spaces which otherwise just become structures. Such liveliness and happening turns the house into a home.(这些事物为原本只是建筑结构的空间增添了生机，真是太奇妙了。这种生机把房子变成了一个家)”可知，最吸引作者的是房子所散发出的生机与活力。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“And years later, when finally my turn of choosing my destination came, I simply closed my eyes. When I opened my eyes, I was sure what to do. I decided to choose the road less traveled. Yes, I took up architecture as my profession because this is what I am destined to do.(多年后，当终于轮到我选择人生方向时，我只是闭上了眼睛。当我睁开眼睛时，我确定该做什么。我决定选择人迹罕至的那条路。是的，我选择了建筑学作为我的职业，因为这是我注定要做的事)”可知，文章最终落脚于作者受鸟的故事和梦中房子的启发，选择建筑学作为职业。因此，全文主要讲述了作者选择建筑学作为职业的原因。 C Concerns about microplastics are not new. The term was coined in 2004 by marine ecologist Richard Thompson after he discovered tiny bits of plastic littering British beaches. Since then, they’ve been growing for over two decades. The world produces 400 million tons of plastic annually, and much of that material breaks down into tiny pieces that now pollute our planet. Scientists have found microplastics — fragments less than 5 millimeters wide — nearly everywhere: in the deep sea, in Arctic ice, in the air. Even inside us. A 2019 study in Environmental Science &Technology estimated humans ingest (摄入) up to 100, 000 bits of plastic each day. It’s not just the physical presence of plastic inside the body that poses a potential problem; plastic’s chemical additives might affect different species’ tissues and organs, according to a 2021 study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. However, there is disagreement in the literature as to how much microplastics harm species, including humans. Some say larger particles (微粒) may pass right through our bodies while the nanoscale pieces could enter our cells. More research is needed. Researches are working on this vast issue. In 2020, Duke University scientists created a public database to track plastic innovations. For example, the Hoola One, a rugged-terrain vacuum (全地形吸尘器), is being tested on Hawaiian beaches, which internally separates microplastics from organic materials. Hong Kong Polytechnic University researchers presented a unique idea in 2022 at the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference: a bacteria biofilm that could attract and trap microplastics at a wastewater treatment plant, before they flow into rivers and oceans. This wide range of measures could help in specific pollution hot spots, says Zoie Diana, a Duke doctoral candidate, who worked on the inventory (清单) and added 40 new inventions this year. But “if you have a technology that would capture microplastics at the industrial wastewater scale, before they enter our waterways, that would be ideal,” Diana says. That’s where Alain Marty, chief scientist at the biochemistry start-up Carbios, comes into the picture. In a 2020 Nature article, Marty and colleagues describe how they engineered an enzyme (酶) to break down plastic quickly and efficiently. Industries could employ the enzyme as part of their manufacturing processes, so that nearly all of their material could be reused to create products. “If waste has a value, then it becomes a product,” he says. “And once it’s a product, it will be collected and no longer pollute our oceans and our environment.” Marty’s discovery is a breakthrough in the right direction, though preventing microplastics by reducing our plastic use is just as important, says Diana. “We really want to turn off the tap.” 46. Which best explains the potential threat of microplastics mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. They immediately cause fatal organ failure upon ingestion. B. They are too small to be detected by current medical equipment. C. Their chemical components may interfere with biological tissues. D. They physically block the digestive systems of various marine species. 47. What can be inferred about an existing scientific insight into microplastics? A. Larger particles are considered more dangerous than tiniest ones. B. There is a unified agreement that they pose little risk to human health. C. The extent of harm depends largely on the size of the particles involved. D. Researchers have successfully developed a cure for microplastic poisoning. 48. How does the author develop the ideas in Paragraph 3? A. By making comparison. B. By presenting cases. C. By giving criticism. D. By listing facts. 49. According to the passage, what is Alain Marty’s ultimate goal regarding plastic waste? A. To increase the economic value of waste to ensure its collection and reuse. B. To design more efficient vacuum cleaners for beach cleaning. C. To relocate plastic waste to remote areas like the Arctic. D. To ban all forms of plastic production globally. 50. Which best describes the tone of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Humorous and irony, laughing at the efforts of the engineers. B. Technical and unconcerned, describing a mechanical process. C. Pessimistic and hopeless, suggesting the problem is unsolvable. D. Metaphorical and urgent, stressing the priority of source reduction. 【答案】46. C 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了微塑料污染的普遍存在、潜在危害，以及各国科研机构针对微塑料污染所开展的治理研究与相关技术探索。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s not just the physical presence of plastic inside the body that poses a potential problem; plastic’s chemical additives might affect different species’ tissues and organs, according to a 2021 study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. (根据2021年《环境毒理学与化学》的一项研究，不仅仅是塑料在体内的物理存在会造成潜在问题；塑料的化学添加剂可能会影响不同物种的组织和器官。)”可知，微塑料的潜在威胁在于其化学成分可能干扰生物组织。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Some say larger particles may pass right through our bodies while the nanoscale pieces could enter our cells. (一些人认为较大的微粒可能直接穿过我们的身体，而纳米级的微粒则可能进入我们的细胞。)”可知，微塑料对生物的危害程度很大程度上取决于微粒的大小。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, the Hoola One, a rugged-terrain vacuum, is being tested on Hawaiian beaches, which internally separates microplastics from organic materials. Hong Kong Polytechnic University researchers presented a unique idea in 2022 at the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference: a bacteria biofilm that could attract and trap microplastics at a wastewater treatment plant, before they flow into rivers and oceans. (例如，一款名为Hoola One的全地形吸尘器正在夏威夷海滩进行测试，它能在内部将微塑料与有机物质分离。香港理工大学的研究人员于2022年在微生物学会年会上提出了一个独特的想法：一种细菌生物膜，可以在微塑料流入河流和海洋之前，在污水处理厂吸引并捕获微塑料。)”可知，作者通过列举具体案例展开段落内容。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“If waste has a value, then it becomes a product. And once it’s a product, it will be collected and no longer pollute our oceans and our environment. (如果废弃物有价值，那么它就会变成一种产品。一旦它成为产品，就会被回收，不再污染我们的海洋和环境。)”可知，Alain Marty的终极目标是提升塑料废弃物的经济价值，以确保其被回收与再利用。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Marty’s discovery is a breakthrough in the right direction, though preventing microplastics by reducing our plastic use is just as important, says Diana. “We really want to turn off the tap.” (戴安娜说，马蒂的发现是朝着正确方向迈出的突破性一步，不过通过减少塑料使用来预防微塑料污染同样重要。“我们真正想要的是关掉水龙头”)”可知，turn off the tap用比喻手法指代从源头减少塑料使用与排放，语气形象且急切，强调源头减排的优先性与紧迫性。 D Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being “modern” and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within a particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is, the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of a short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time. Modern societies engage in such tourist practices. New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there. Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce (强化) this daydreaming. Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified (物化) or captured through photographs, postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured. One of the earliest research papers on the subject of tourism is Boorstin’s analysis of the “pseudo-event” (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience “reality” directly but are happy with “pseudo-event”. Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man-made attractions, and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and ignoring the real world outside. Over time, the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self-perpetuating (自我延续的) system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble” of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment. 51. What does the author want to tell us in the 1st paragraph? A. Making a careful travel plan is necessary. B. Planning travel involves time and thought. C. Getting travel tips from your friends may save time. D. Choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable. 52. What does Paragraph 2 indicate about tourist trips? A. Modern transport and hotels satisfy tourists’ needs. B. Tourists’ expectations shape their choice of destinations. C. Various media create fun pleasures for local people. D. Tourists take trips to experience real-life local sights. 53. What does the underlined part in the 3rd paragraph probably mean? A. New environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive. B. Traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine. C. Travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values. D. Tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience. 54. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time. B. When travelling, many tourists will miss their homes and friends. C. American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside. D. The advantage of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own. 55. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage? A. Tourism, a Direct Hug of Nature B. Tourism, an Appetite for the Unordinary C. Tourism, a False Belief about the World D. Tourism, a New Relation to Familiar Sights 【答案】51. B 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍旅游的定义、游客选择目的地的心理，游客偏爱脱离日常的景观，同时介绍学者Boorstin提出的“伪事件”理论，探讨大众旅游的特点。 【51题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being “modern” and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within a particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is, the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. (旅游是一种休闲活动，而其前期准备工作恰恰相反。作为游客的行为是“现代人”的鲜明特征之一，而大众对旅游的理解通常认为，它是在特定地点进行的，并在事先安排的一段时间内发生。旅游关系源于人们前往不同目的地并在此停留的过程。这一过程必然包含一定的移动，即旅程，以及在新地点或多个地点停留一段时间。)”可知，本段强调旅游需要提前规划、耗费时间和心思。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures (人们选择游览和凝视某些景点，是因为对此心怀期待，尤其会通过遐想憧憬从中获得极致的愉悦体验)”可知，游客的预期影响、决定目的地的选择。 【53题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary (游客往往会游览那些区别于日常所见的自然风光与城镇风貌，游览这些景致，是因为它们在某种程度上与众不同)”可知，划线部分“The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning(观赏这些旅游景点通常涉及不同形式的社会模式)”说明游客旅行的本质是观赏独特景观、体验不同于日常的事物与生活方式。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble” of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment (Boorstin认为，游客全程身处熟悉的美式酒店所构建的“环境壁垒”中游览，隔绝了陌生的当地环境)”可知，作者批判这种脱离当地文化的旅游模式，反向暗示：旅行的真正价值在于接触、融入异域不同的文化。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章核心是游客出游就是为了追求非同寻常、脱离日常生活的体验，B选项“Tourism, an Appetite for the Unordinary (旅游，是对非凡体验的渴求)”符合文章主题，适合用作标题。 第II卷（共35分） 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit. He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down. Walter would pour out stories concerning his lost golden years, back when he stood out as an outstanding baseball player. Quiet and attentive, I always stayed patient, absorbing every piece of his past experiences. After a couple of hours of talking, I would shake his hands and say goodbye to him. I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walter’s life. I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital. These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others. From an early age, kindness stood highest among all human values in my mind, and helping others as well as contributing to society had become key life-goals for me. Years of words and deeds at home had inculcated in me this deep-rooted conviction. Volunteer work offered one practical way to put these inner beliefs into practice. Apart from that, through continuous hours spent alongside those people, my perspectives slowly shifted without my awareness. Getting close to other people’s real-life experiences brought new richness to my days. Observing the ways others fought against life hardships offered me precious insights into courage and self-respect. Those individuals I came across during my service have left lasting memories deep in my mind. In fact, what I gained along the journey turned out to be beyond what I had offered. This is why volunteerism works — each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others. 56. What did the author do every time he visited Walter? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________ 57. What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________ 58. What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 2 word) ________________________________________________________________ 59. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________ 60. If you are to be a volunteer, what will you do? What can you benefit from the volunteer work? (no more than 20 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. He listened to Walter’s stories patiently. 57. Working with elderly people in a nursing home. 58. Instilled. 59. What the author gained from volunteer work. 60. I will help disabled children, from which I can gain happiness.（答案不唯一） 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者做志愿者的经历，以及志愿服务给自己带来的收获和感悟。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Quiet and attentive, I always stayed patient, absorbing every piece of his past experiences.(我总是保持安静和专注，耐心地倾听他过去的每一段经历)”可知，作者每次拜访Walter都会耐心听他讲过去的故事。 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home. It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital.(我在读高中时参加一个养老院老人志愿项目，遇见了沃尔特。这是众多此类活动中的第一次，活动范围从陪伴残疾儿童玩耍到在医院陪伴癌症病人)”可知，作者作为志愿者参与的第一个活动是在养老院陪伴老人。 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据划线词上文“Years of words and deeds at home(家里多年的言传身教)”及下文“this deep-rooted conviction(这种根深蒂固的信念)”可知，家里多年的言传身教在“我”心中深深植入了这种根深蒂固的信念。由此可知，划线词意为“灌输，植入”，与instilled“灌输”意思一致。 【59题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第四段“In fact, what I gained along the journey turned out to be beyond what I had offered.(事实上，我在这一过程中的收获超出了我的付出)”可知，本段主要讲述了作者从志愿服务中获得的收获。 【60题详解】 开放性问题。根据文章主题和自身实际回答，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。例如：我会去帮助残疾儿童，从中我可以获得快乐。 第二节：书面表达（共25分） 61. 假定你是李津，你校将举办一场面向留学生的中国传统美食品鉴会。请你向学校英文报投稿，介绍并宣传此次活动，内容包括： 1. 活动内容简介； 2. 活动的意义； 3. 邀请留学生参与。 要求：1.词数不少于100；2.可以适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Our school is thrilled to announce the Chinese Traditional Food Tasting Event, a cultural activity designed for international students. This event will showcase a diverse array of traditional Chinese dishes, each representing a unique culinary style and region. From spicy Sichuan to delicate Cantonese, students will embark on a culinary journey, exploring the rich flavors and historical significance of Chinese food. You can also watch live demonstrations showing how some classic snacks are made. It’s an immersive experience that will broaden cultural horizons and create unforgettable memories. We invite all international students to join us for this delicious adventure. For more details, contact the organizing committee. We look forward to your participation in this exciting event! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求作者以李津的身份，就学校将举办的一场面向留学生的中国传统美食品鉴会向学校英文报投稿，介绍并宣传此次活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 宣布：announce→declare 各种各样的：diverse→a variety of 丰富的：rich→ abundant 难忘的：unforgettable→indelible 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：From spicy Sichuan to delicate Cantonese, students will embark on a culinary journey, exploring the rich flavors and historical significance of Chinese food. 拓展句：From spicy Sichuan to delicate Cantonese, students will embark on a culinary journey, which allows them to explore the rich flavors and historical significance of Chinese food. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This event will showcase a diverse array of traditional Chinese dishes, each representing a unique culinary style and region. (运用了独立主格结构) [高分句型2] It’s an immersive experience that will broaden cultural horizons and create unforgettable memories. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $