精品解析：上海戏剧学院附属高级中学2026-2027学年第一学期质量监测高三英语试卷

上戏附中2026学年第一学期（第1次）质量监测 高三年级英语试卷 总分：115分 时间：105分钟 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Accidents That Changed History Different though they may be, Stephen King and Dr Seuss have two things in common. They’re both hugely successful authors, and they both made a narrow escape ____1____ a life of obscurity (默默无闻). Theodor Geisel — Dr Seuss’s given name — wrote his first children’s book, A Story No One Can Beat, in the mid-1930s. ____2____ (work) as an advertising illustrator at the time, Geisel sent his manuscript (手稿) to 27 publishers. They all rejected it. After the last cold shoulder, Geisel walked down New York City’s Madison Avenue, determined ____3____ (burn) the manuscript and, perhaps, his writing career. ____4____ he was cooling off, he bumped into his old university roommate, Mike McClintock, who happened to edit children’s books at Vanguard Press. Geisel ____5____ (share) his problem with McClintock, who asked to see the story. McClintock suggested a few changes, and Vanguard published the book in 1937, ____6____ new title was And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. According to Geisel, “If I had just been walking down the other side of Madison Avenue, I’d be in the dry-cleaning business today.” Stephen King’s first ____7____ (publish) book was about a teenage girl who discovers that she has fantastic mental powers. King’s worst critic wasn’t the publishers — it was ____8____. He disliked his story so much that he threw it away after only three pages, according to his memoir (回忆录) On Writing. A few hours later, his wife found the pages covered with cigarette ash in their wastepaper basket. She took the pages out and started reading, and she ____9____ (fascinate). “She wanted me to go on,” King later wrote. “She wanted to know ____10____ the rest of the story would be like.” And so he did go on. Carrie went on to sell over a million paperback copies in its first year alone. 【答案】1. from 2. Working 3. to burn 4. when##while 5. shared 6. whose 7. published 8. himself 9. was fascinated 10. what 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了两个改变历史的偶然事件：知名作家苏斯博士和斯蒂芬·金都曾险些与写作生涯无缘，靠着意外的机遇才得以走上成功的创作道路。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们都是非常成功的作家，而且都侥幸逃脱了默默无闻的人生。固定搭配make a narrow escape from sth.表示“侥幸逃脱某事”。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当时盖塞尔是一名广告插画师，他把手稿寄给了27家出版商。本句主句是Geisel sent his manuscript to 27 publishers，设空处为非谓语作伴随状语，逻辑主语Geisel和work是主动关系，用现在分词形式，首字母应大写。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在最后一次被冷落后，盖塞尔沿着纽约麦迪逊大道走，决心把手稿烧掉，甚至可能结束他的写作生涯。固定搭配(be) determined to do sth.表示“决心做某事”，后接不定式。 【4题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：当他正在平复心情的时候，他偶遇了大学时的老室友迈克·麦克林托克，后者恰好是先锋出版社的儿童书籍编辑。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，从句动作和主句动作同时发生，使用连词when/while。 【5题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：盖塞尔把自己的难题告诉了麦克林托克，对方要求看一下这个故事。设空处作主句的谓语，全文叙述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：麦克林托克建议做几处修改，1937年先锋出版社出版了这本书，新书名为《想想我在桑树街看到的一切》。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词在从句中作定语修饰new title，表示“书的新标题”，使用关系代词whose。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬·金出版的第一本书是关于一个拥有超强精神力量的十几岁女孩的故事。设空处修饰名词book，publish和book是被动关系，用过去分词作定语表示“已出版的”。 【8题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：金最糟糕的批评家不是出版商，而是他自己。设空处作表语，指代主语King本人，表示“他自己”，使用反身代词himself。 【9题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：她把稿子拿出来开始读，然后就被深深吸引了。设空处作并列分句的谓语，主语she和fascinate是被动关系，叙述过去的事用一般过去时，主语表示单数意义，be动词使用was。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她想知道故事的其余部分会是什么样子。设空处引导宾语从句作know的宾语，引导词在从句中作be like的宾语，表示“什么”，使用连接代词what。 (B) Our brains are tuned to hear music Human brains are uniquely suited to hearing music, a new study suggests. Compared to macaque monkeys, humans respond much more strongly to sounds with a musical pitch (音高) and prefer those ____11____ sounds without a pitch. The team, based at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Maryland, US, studied the differences in how humans and macaques hear the world. “We found that a certain region of our brains has a stronger preference for sounds with pitch than macaque monkey brains,” said senior author Dr Bevil Conway. The area of the brain ____12____ processes sounds is called the auditory cortex. By studying the activity of the auditory cortex in a brain scan, the team could measure ____13____ strongly the brain responded to certain sounds. The sounds ____14____ (divide) into two types: noise without pitch, and pitch without noise. Specifically, ‘noise’ is a sound ____15____ (contain) lots of different frequencies within a particular range, like the sound of an untuned radio. Regular human speech and macaque calls have both a pitch and a noise component. To compare how humans and macaques responded to each type of sound, the team first played the participants a series of pure tones followed by a series of noises ____16____ (make) up of similar frequencies. In humans, the auditory cortex lit up much ____17____ (brightly) when the tones were played, compared to the noises. However, macaques showed barely any difference in how they responded to these two sounds. “These results suggest the macaque monkey may experience music and other sounds differently,” said Conway. “In contrast, the macaque’s experience of the visual world is probably very similar to our own. It makes one ____18____ (wonder) what kind of sounds our evolutionary ancestors experienced. The results raise the possibility, that these sounds, which are embedded in speech and music, ____19____ have shaped the basic organization of the human brain. ____20____ we rely so heavily on speech to communicate, and music is culturally important, our brains evolved to accommodate these.” 【答案】11. to 12. which##that 13. how 14. were divided 15. containing 16. made 17. more brightly 18. wonder 19. may##might 20. Because##As##Since 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍研究发现人类大脑天生更适合感知音乐，对比猕猴，人类大脑对有音高的声音反应更强烈。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：与猕猴相比，人类对带有音乐音高的声音反应强烈得多，并且相比于那些没有音高的声音，人类更喜欢前者。固定搭配prefer A to B，表示“比起B更喜欢A”，to是介词。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：处理声音的大脑区域被称为听觉皮层。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词The area of the brain指物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词which/that引导。 【13题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：通过在脑部扫描中研究听觉皮层的活动，该团队能够测量大脑对特定声音的反应强度。空处引导宾语从句，修饰副词strongly，用副词how表程度。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些声音被分为两类：无音高的噪音和无噪音的音高声音。主语The sounds和divide之间是被动关系，句子陈述研究内容，用一般过去时，主语为复数，谓语用were divided。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：具体来说，“噪音”是一种在特定范围内包含许多不同频率的声音，就像一台未调台的收音机发出的声音。句中已有谓语is，空处应用非谓语动词。sound和contain是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为比较人类和猕猴对每一类声音的反应，该团队先给实验对象播放一系列纯音调，之后播放一系列由相近频率构成的噪音。句中已有谓语动词played，空处用非谓语动词，noises和make up of之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 【17题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：对人类而言，和噪音相比，播放音调时听觉皮层活跃得多。much修饰比较级，brightly的比较级是more brightly。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这不禁让人想知道我们的进化祖先曾听到什么样的声音。固定结构make sb. do sth.，使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补。 【19题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这些结果提出了一种可能性：这些存在于言语和音乐之中的声音，或许塑造了人类大脑的基本构造。此处表示推测，意为“或许、可能”，may/might符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：因为我们高度依靠言语来交流，并且音乐在文化层面意义重大，所以我们的大脑进化出适配这些声音的能力。上下文是因果关系，as/because/since引导原因状语从句，句首首字母大写。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tempting B. developing C. permanent D. marketed E. control F. rapidly G. required H. present I. addicted J. entirely K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is ___21___ as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of ___22___ flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), ___23___ in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is ___24___. More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once ___25___, people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still ___26___. Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion ___27___. People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is ___28___ to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to ___29___ the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette ____30____. If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. H 24. C 25. I 26. B 27. E 28. G 29. K 30. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍电子烟的流行原因，驳斥其安全的误区，指出其含重金属、有害化学物质与尼古丁，会损伤肺部、成瘾并危害青少年大脑，呼吁及时戒除。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：它被宣传为一种替代香烟的烟草产品。根据“as an alternative smoking tobacco”以及句意“宣传”可知应填动词market，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：电子烟所用的液体有数百种诱人的口味，比如芒果味、草莓奶油味等等。根据“such as mango, or strawberries and cream”以及句意“诱人的”可知应填形容词tempting，修饰名词flavors。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多电子烟液中都含有化学物质二乙酰，它会导致“爆米花肺”病症，从而使人呼吸困难。根据“in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult”以及句意“含有”可知应填形容词present，作定语。故选H。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种损害是永久性的。根据“The condition has no cure.”以及句意“永久性的”可知应填形容词permanent，作表语。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一旦上瘾，人们就会发现很难停止使用它。根据“people find it difficult to quit using it”以及句意“上瘾”可知应填形容词addicted，作状语。故选I。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：青少年对尼古丁上瘾的可能性比成年人更高，这是因为青少年的大脑仍在发育之中。根据“The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager's brain is still”以及句意“发育”可知应填动词develop，结合is可知为现在进行时。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：尼古丁会影响青少年集中注意力的时间、学习能力以及情绪控制能力。根据“Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion”以及句意“控制”可知应填名词control，作宾语，故选E。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，要让他们感到满意，所需的尼古丁越来越多。根据“Over time more and more”以及句意“需要”可知应填动词require，和主语more and more（指尼古丁）为被动关系，空处用过去分词required构成一般现在时的被动语态，故选G。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要仅仅打算减少每天吸电子烟的次数。根据“the number of times you vape each day”以及句意“减少”可知应填动词decrease，此处为不定式作宾语。故选K。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：现在是彻底戒掉电子烟的时候了。根据“Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette”以及句意“彻底”可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词drop。故选J。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as ____31____ in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents ____32____ for them, 81 percent say their parents value achievement and happiness over caring. Kids learn what’s ____33____ to adults not by listening to what we say, but by noticing what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we ____34____ kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we value these traits. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be ____35____. An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others. Over this period, students grew ____36____ to feel concern for people less fortunate than themselves. It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be ____37____ less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was ____38____ by passers-by and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 ____39____ as much as their predecessors (前辈) that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped—but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. If we truly care less about one another, some of the ____40____ lies with the values parents have promoted. In our own lives, we’ve observed many parents becoming so focused on achievement that they ____41____ kindness. Other parents discourage kindness, seeing it as a source of ____42____ in a fiercely competitive world. In some parenting circles, for example, there’s a movement against ____43____ when preschoolers are selfish in their play. These parents worry that stepping in might prevent kids from learning to stick up for themselves, and say that they’re less ____44____ the prospect of raising an adult who doesn’t share than one who struggles to say no. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both ____45____ and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t treat others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. 31. A. events B. records C. virtues D. media 32. A. change B. pay C. create D. want 33. A. available B. important C. familiar D. equal 34. A. praise B. deserve C. display D. encounter 35. A. in decline B. under control C. on hand D. above average 36. A. more willing B. more surprised C. less likely D. less relieved 37. A. saying B. thinking C. enjoying D. helping 38. A. set aside B. taken down C. picked up D. put off 39. A. believe B. doubt C. learn D. complain 40. A. difference B. theme C. demand D. blame 41. A. respect B. neglect C. define D. evaluate 42. A. weakness B. happiness C. comfort D. anxiety 43. A. discriminating B. intervening C. collapsing D. forgiving 44. A. curious about B. grateful for C. worried about D. helpful for 45. A. generous B. independent C. knowledgeable D. appreciative 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 【解析】 【导语】主要讨论了美国父母对孩子期望与孩子感知之间的差异，特别是关于成就、幸福与关怀之间的平衡，以及这种差异如何影响孩子的价值观和行为。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：善良和关心他人在几乎所有社会中都被视为美德。A. events事件；B. records记录；C. virtues美德；D. media媒体。根据前文“Kindness and concern for others”可知，善良、关爱他人属于美德。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：但当你问孩子，他们认为父母对自己有什么期待时，百分之八十一的孩子说父母更看重成就和快乐，而非关爱。A. change改变；B. pay支付；C. create创造；D. want想要，期待。根据第一段开头“what they want for their kids”以及语境可知，此处父母对自己有什么期待，want是原词复现。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：孩子并不是通过听我们的说教，而是留意什么能吸引我们的关注，来了解成年人心中什么是重要的。A. available可获得的；B. important重要的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. equal平等的。根据后文“parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else”可知，此处指孩子了解成年人眼中重要的事物。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：无论我们多么赞扬善良与关爱，我们实际上并没有向孩子表明我们重视这些品质。A. praise赞扬；B. deserve值得；C. display展示；D. encounter遇到。根据后文“we’re not actually showing our kids that we value these traits”以及语境可知，此处指父母只是口头赞扬这些品质，而并不是内在重视。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：那么，或许我们不必惊讶，善良似乎正在减少。A. in decline下降；B. under control在控制中；C. on hand在手边；D. above average高于平均水平。根据后文“a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others”可知，此处指共情能力下降，善良的品质在减少。 【36题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：在这段时期，学生不太可能去关心那些不如自己幸运的人。A. more willing更愿意的；B. more surprised更惊讶的；C. less likely不太可能的；D. less relieved不那么宽慰的。根据前文“a substantial drop”可知，学生共情能力下降，不太可能去关心他人。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：不只是人们关心得更少了；他们似乎帮忙也更少了。A. saying说；B. thinking思考；C. enjoying享受；D. helping帮助。根据后文“by passers-by and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent”描述路人帮忙投递信件的比例下降可知，此处讲助人行为变少。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：从第一轮实验到第二轮，路人捡起信件并投入邮筒的比例下降了百分之十。A. set aside搁置；B. taken down记下；C. picked up捡起；D. put off推迟。根据前文“lost letters”以及后文“by passers-by and put in a mailbox”以及语境可知，此处指路人先要捡起遗失的信件，再投递。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：心理学家发现，1995年后出生的孩子和他们的前辈一样，认为身处困境的人应当得到帮助，但他们自身采取行动的个人责任感变弱了。A. believe相信；B. doubt怀疑；C. learn学习；D. complain抱怨。根据后文“but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves”表示的转折关系可知，孩子们“认为”那些遇到困难的人应该得到帮助，但是他们认为自己没有义务采取行动去帮忙，空处和下文“take action”形成对比。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果我们真的越来越不关心彼此，一部分责任在于父母所宣扬的价值观。A. difference差异；B. theme主题；C. demand要求；D. blame责任，指责。根据后文“many parents becoming so focused on achievement that they 　　　　 kindness”讲父母的教育导向带来这个问题可知，一部分过错归咎于父母的价值观。 【41题详解】 考查动词。句意：在生活中，我们观察到很多父母过于看重成就，以至于忽视了善良。A. respect尊重；B. neglect忽视；C. define定义；D. evaluate评估。根据第一段“their parents value achievement and happiness over caring”描述父母更看重成就而非关爱可知，此处指他们忽略善良品质的培养。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：另一些家长不鼓励友善，他们认为在竞争激烈的世界里，友善是一种弱点。A. weakness弱点；B. happiness幸福；C. comfort安慰；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文“fiercely competitive world”以及语境可知，部分家长觉得在竞争激烈的世界里友善不利于竞争，是弱点。 【43题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，在一些育儿圈子里，有一种观点：当学龄前孩子玩耍时表现自私，家长不要干预。A. discriminating歧视；B. intervening干预；C. collapsing倒塌；D. forgiving原谅。根据下文“stepping in”可知，此处表示反对在孩子玩耍中出现自私行为时“干预”。 【44题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：这些家长说，比起担心养出一个不懂拒绝的孩子，他们不那么担心养出一个不愿分享的成年人。A. curious about对……好奇；B. grateful for对……感激；C. worried about担心；D. helpful for对……有帮助。根据上文“there’s a movement against ________ when preschoolers are selfish in their play. These parents worry that stepping in might prevent kids from learning to stick up for themselves”可知，一些父母反对干预孩子的自私行为，希望孩子学会维护自己，由此推知这些父母“不那么担心”培养出一个不懂得分享的成年人，更担心的是培养出一个不会拒绝的成年人。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是父母完全可以教会孩子关爱他人、尊重自己，既慷慨大方，又懂得自尊。A. generous慷慨的；B. independent独立的；C. knowledgeable博学的；D. appreciative感激的。根据前文“care about others”以及语境可知，关爱他人即需要慷慨大方。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Roberto Beltrami grew up just a few hours’ drive from Murano of Italy, world-famous for producing beautiful glassware. But it was in Boston that he first came across the art of glassblowing. It was 2011, and Beltrami, then a physics student at Boston University, was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly, known for pushing back the boundaries of contemporary glassblowing. Beltrami visited Murano during his summer break and took a class in glassblowing. That class turned into an apprenticeship (学徒期), and later he studied under some of the world’s most famous glassblowing masters. At one time, Murano was the global leader in glassblowing. But in recent years, the number of factories has dropped sharply. While many say that young people are uninterested in pursuing hot, hard manual labor, Beltrami has a different perspective. “With a long tradition of closely guarding their trade secrets, workshops in Murano are reluctant to welcome newcomers,” Beltrami said. In 2017, Beltrami started his own workshop, Wave Murano Glass. Now with a team of 20, many of them in their twenties and thirties, Beltrami — believed to be the youngest glass master in Murano — is training a new generation of craftsmen. At Wave, Beltrami introduced a variety of modern technologies, including streamlining workflows and new furnaces (炉子). These furnaces can capture heat that is typically lost via exhaust fumes and reuse it to preheat the air going into the burner. Murano’s factories have historically worked on small-scale industrial orders, with many rejecting orders of less than a few hundred but unable to handle those of a few thousand. So, Beltrami set up his workshop to be flexible. While most of Wave’s products are white label products for brands, designers, and artists, up to 10% of the company’s sales come from classes and tours. Beltrami also has made a point of offering internships to young, enthusiastic people from around the globe, many of whom are now employed by Wave. For Beltrami, finding new talents is an essential step to revitalize the industry. 46. What first aroused Beltrami’s interest in glassblowing? A. A childhood visit to Murano. B. An exhibition on glass artworks. C. An art course at Boston University. D. A physical experiment about glassblowing. 47. What accounts for the decline of Murano’s glassblowing industry in Beltrami’s opinion? A. The falling global demand for glassware. B. Local workshops’ unwillingness to change. C. Young people’s lack of interest in manual work. D. Over-protection of their traditional techniques. 48. How does Wave Murano Glass run its business? A. By adopting a diversified business model. B. By focusing on small-scale industrial orders. C. By producing customized artworks for the market. D. By providing products for various brands and artists. 49. Why does Beltrami offer internships to young people? A. To cut down the daily costs of his workshop. B. To change Murano’s traditional working style. C. To pass on and revive the traditional glass craft. D. To expand his team for larger commercial orders. 【答案】46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了Roberto Beltrami在玻璃吹制领域的经历及他如何努力复兴该行业。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was 2011, and Beltrami, then a physics student at Boston University, was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly, known for pushing back the boundaries of contemporary glassblowing.(那是2011年，当时还是波士顿大学物理学学生的Beltrami，被美国艺术家Dale Chihuly的作品展深深吸引，Dale Chihuly以突破当代玻璃吹制的界限而闻名)”可知，一场玻璃艺术品展览激发了他对玻璃吹制的兴趣。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“With a long tradition of closely guarding their trade secrets, workshops in Murano are reluctant to welcome newcomers.(穆拉诺岛上的作坊长期以来一直严格保守自己的商业秘密，不愿欢迎新来者)”可知，Beltrami认为穆拉诺玻璃吹制业衰落的原因是过度保护他们的传统技艺。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“So, Beltrami set up his workshop to be flexible. While most of Wave’s products are white label products for brands, designers, and artists, up to 10% of the company’s sales come from classes and tours.(因此，Beltrami设立了他的工作室，使其具有灵活性。虽然Wave的大部分产品都是面向品牌、设计师和艺术家的白标产品，但该公司高达10%的销售额来自课程和旅游)”可知，Wave Murano Glass采用多元化的商业模式来运营。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Beltrami also has made a point of offering internships to young, enthusiastic people from around the globe, many of whom are now employed by Wave. For Beltrami, finding new talents is an essential step to revitalize the industry.(贝尔特拉米还特意为来自全球各地、充满热忱的青年提供实习机会，其中许多人如今已入职海浪公司。 在贝尔特拉米看来，发掘新晋人才是振兴行业至关重要的一步。)”可知，贝尔特拉米为年轻人提供实习机会是为了传承和复兴传统玻璃工艺。 (B) 3D Printing & Modeling with Blender Price: $1,299 Age: 13-17 Skill level: beginner — advanced Duration: a week-long program, 8 hours per day About this camp 3D printing technology has paved the way for countless inventions. Dive deep into Blender, a powerful 3D modeling and animation software used by industry creatives. You’ll invent and model your own designs, such as functional desk organizers and imaginative characters. Then, transform them into tactile (有触感的) prints! Create key chains, small toys, or collectible pets. Plug in your 3D models and watch them come to life layer by layer on the print bed! At the end of the week, you’ll take home your entire collection of 3D prints. Sample schedule Here’s a sample of what a week in this course could look like. Keep in mind that students will progress at varying paces, so this is meant to serve as an outline of key materials and the overall experience. Monday An introduction to 3D printing Tuesday Learning advanced design tools in Blender Wednesday Starting your own original creation Thursday Final projects & print collection Friday 3D art gallery The camp format This camp is part of a summer course running Monday through Friday. Learning sessions will be held in a lab on an inspiring university campus. You will be placed within a small group and guided by an experienced instructor. Daily schedules not only focus on hands-on learning and creative exploration but also allow for outdoor and recreational activities. Day and overnight options are available based on location. Experienced instructors Our instructors have a passion for technology, possess unmatched expertise, and have the kind of personality that brings out the very best in everyone. They come from top universities and earn certification to ensure exceptional teaching quality. Every instructor undergoes thorough background and reference checks before joining the program. When you learn from the best, you’ll unlock opportunities to become your best. 50. Who would be most interested in this camp? A. Students who expect to take part in competitive design events. B. Students who want to turn digital creative ideas into real objects. C. Students who prefer independent online learning at their own pace. D. Students who wish to gain a professional qualification in 3D animation. 51. Why does the writer include the “Sample schedule” in the text? A. To remind students to follow a fixed learning pace. B. To show that theory and practice are equally valued. C. To give readers a general impression of the learning process. D. To stress the fierce competition among program participants. 52. Which of the following can best describe the camp instructors? A. They are craftsmen known for their hands-on experience. B. They are professional staff selected through strict procedures. C. They are passionate volunteers from international organizations D. They are full-time university professors rich in teaching experience. 【答案】50. B 51. C 52. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍Blender三维打印与建模夏令营的招生信息、课程内容、安排以及师资情况。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据About this camp部分“You’ll invent and model your own designs, such as functional desk organizers and imaginative characters. Then, transform them into tactile (有触感的) prints!(你将创造并建模属于你自己的设计，例如实用的桌面收纳用品和富有想象力的角色。然后，把它们转变为可触摸的打印成品。)”可知，这个营地可以把数字化创意想法变成实物。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据Sample schedule部分“Keep in mind that students will progress at varying paces, so this is meant to serve as an outline of key materials and the overall experience.(记住，学生的学习进度各不相同，所以这份安排只作为核心学习内容和整体体验的纲要。)”可知，这份示例日程是让读者大致了解学习流程。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据Experienced instructors部分“They come from top universities and earn certification to ensure exceptional teaching quality. Every instructor undergoes thorough background and reference checks before joining the program.(他们来自顶尖大学并取得证书以保证优质的教学质量。每位导师在加入项目前都要经过全面的背景和推荐信审查。)”可知，导师是经过严格流程筛选出来的专业人员。 (C) Researchers and policy makers have long studied pilot schemes (方案) such as public health initiatives or innovative schools. They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale. This depressing tendency was called “voltage drop” by the psychiatrist Amy Kilbourne and her coworkers in 2007. The economist John List has been exploring the cause of this voltage drop, first in a 2019 paper with Omar Al-Ubaydli and Dana Suskind, then in a recent book, The Voltage Effect. So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas? One common problem is that the original effect was not real. Consider a famous experiment, conducted over 20 years ago by psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper, in which customers in a high-end supermarket were offered free samples of jam from a choice of either six or 24 flavours. The wider choice was dramatically de-motivating. Ten times as many people bought jam after being shown the smaller range. It is one of the most famous results in psychology; it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments. Perhaps the effect is completely non-existent, or perhaps the effect exists but with nothing like the force exhibited in the original experiment. Does anyone seriously believe your local supermarket would sell 10 times as much produce if only it simplified its product line? Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances. My favourite example is the Arch Deluxe, a hamburger launched by McDonald’s in 1996 with a marketing fanfare. The fast-food giant had every reason to expect success, because focus groups loved the Arch Deluxe’s bakery-style rolls, peppered bacon and stoneground mustard-mayo dressing. The problem, says List, is that the focus group enthusiasts were not a good guide to the attitude of the typical consumer: “A person who signs up to take part in a McDonald’s focus group is probably someone who is crazy about McDonald’s or loves all kinds of burgers, or both. But the average person, it turns out, goes to McDonald’s for the Big Mac, not a fancier version of one.” Even if the idea is real, and generalizes to a wide audience, it may be difficult to repeat the performance once it ventures beyond the control of the original creative team. A pilot school may work well, but it is easier to hire 20 good teachers than 20,000. A brilliant chef can work in only one kitchen at a time. 53. Which of the following statements best describes “voltage drop”? A. A scheme has been piloted before being really carried out. B. A scheme serves its intended purpose well on a large scale. C. A scheme works well when tested but fails when launched. D. A scheme like a health initiative is designed for a group of people. 54. What does the writer imply about the experiment conducted by Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper? A. It lasted too long a time. B. Its conclusion may not be reliable. C. Its follow-up experiments showed opposite results. D. It discouraged people from going to the supermarket. 55. The example of the Arch Deluxe is used in the passage in order to explain ________. A. why the creativity of an idea matters a lot B. why an idea may not generalise to a larger group C. why McDonald’s is not popular with average people D. why the attitude of the typical consumer varies 56. The passage talks mainly about ________. A. why some great ideas fail B. how to avoid voltage drop C. how to make a workable plan D. why experimentation is important 【答案】53. C 54. B 55. B 56. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍“voltage drop”现象，分析试点效果好但规模化后失效的几类原因，解释许多好想法最终失败的缘由。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale.(他们发现这样一种现象：试点取得令人满意的效果，但扩大规模后效果就消失了。)”可知，voltage drop指方案试点效果好，大规模推行时就失败了。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“It is one of the most famous results in psychology; it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments.(这是心理学上最著名的结论之一，但后续的实验很难重现这一结果。)”可知，作者暗示这个实验的结论或许并不可靠。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances.(voltage drop的另一个原因是，原本的成效无法在特殊场景之外推广开来。)”以及后面的例子可知，Arch Deluxe这个例子用来解释为什么一个想法无法推广到更大的群体。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据第二段“So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas?(那么为什么这么多前景不错的想法会出现voltage drop的现象呢？)” 可知，本文介绍“voltage drop”现象，分析试点效果好但规模化后失效的几类原因，解释许多好想法最终失败的缘由。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two setences more than you need. The Truth About Breakfast Is skipping breakfast a terrible way to start your day? Will you get hungry later, eat all the wrong things and put on weight? That is certainly what Public Health England and NHS guidelines currently say. But is it true? ____57____ A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) than those who didn’t. ____58____ The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast. The best way to resolve the question is to do randomised controlled studies in which you ask breakfast skippers to eat breakfast, and vice versa, and see what happens. The good news is that a large number of these studies have been done. The bad news, for the advocates of ‘breakfast is the most important meal of the day’, is that randomised controlled trials have, on the whole, shown that getting people to eat breakfast may not serve the intended purpose. A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies. ____59____ In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less. The researchers concluded that, “____60____” So the message is, if you enjoy eating breakfast (as I do), then fine. But if you prefer to wait and break your fast later in the day, then no harm done. A. There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health. B. It also pointed out that the alleged benefits for children are weak and largely observational. C. It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don’t eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on. D. Does eating ‘the most important meal of the day’ help you stay healthy? E. But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn’t mean that breakfast is the reason. F. Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect. 【答案】57. A 58. E 59. C 60. F 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕“不吃早餐是否有害”展开，介绍相关研究并说明吃早餐未必如指南所说那样有益。 【57题详解】 下文“A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) than those who didn’t.(例如，杜塞尔多夫德国糖尿病中心去年的一项研究发现，当他们对比不吃早餐和吃早餐的两组人群时，不吃早餐的人不仅体重更重，患2型糖尿病的概率也比吃早餐的人高出33%。)”举例证明吃早餐有益的研究证据。A选项“There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health.(大量研究有充分证据表明吃早餐对健康有益。)”总起本段，引出下文的研究例子。 【58题详解】 上文介绍不吃早餐人群健康状况较差的研究结果，下文“The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast.(事实是，经常吃早餐的人吸烟更少、饮酒更少，并且往往比不吃早餐的人更爱运动，这些因素的重要性很可能远大于你选择何时进食第一餐。)”说明健康差异来自别的因素，而不是早餐本身。E选项“But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn’t mean that breakfast is the reason.(但是仅仅因为不吃早餐的人往往健康状况更差，并不代表早餐就是（健康差异的）原因。)”承接上文，转折引出下文的解释，逻辑连贯。 【59题详解】 上文“A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies.(最近发表在《英国医学期刊》上的一项大型分析汇总了十几项研究的结果。)”引出这项汇总分析，下文 “In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it.(事实上，科学家发现，被要求不吃早餐的人平均每天摄入的热量比吃早餐的人少260千卡。)”介绍该分析的研究发现。C选项“It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don’t eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on.(该分析发现，虽然不吃早餐的人在当天晚些时候吃得更多，但他们摄入的量不足以弥补早上少吃的热量。)”承接上文，引出后文具体结论。 【60题详解】 上文“In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less.(事实上，科学家发现，被要求不吃早餐的人平均每天摄入的热量比吃早餐的人少260千卡。他们的体重平均也轻0.44千克)”介绍研究发现：不吃早餐的人总热量摄入更低、体重更轻，本空为研究者得出的结论。F选项“Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect.(向成年人推荐吃早餐来减重时需要谨慎，因为它可能起到相反的效果)” 贴合研究结果，作为研究结论收尾，逻辑连贯。 Ⅲ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 香肠炒饭是这家饭店的特色，值得一试。（worth）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sausage fried rice is the specialty of this restaurant and it is worth a try. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；句子可处理为and连接的并列句；第一个分句是主系表结构，主语“香肠炒饭”表达为sausage fried rice，be用is，表语“这家饭店的特色”表达为the specialty of this restaurant；第二个分句的主语是it（指代上文提到的香肠炒饭），“值得一试”表达为be worth a try，主语是it，be用is。 62. 要不了多久，他们就将远离城市的喧嚣，过上简单而闲适的生活。（before）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 It won’t be long before they get away from the hustle and bustle of the city and live a simple and leisurely life. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查固定句型It won’t be long before…表示“要不了多久就……”；It作主句形式主语，before引导的时间状语从句；表示“他们”应用they，作主语；表示“远离城市的喧嚣”应用get away from the hustle and bustle of the city，此处符合“主将从现”原则，所以从句用一般现在时；and并列两个谓语；表示“过上简单而闲适的生活”应用live a simple and leisurely life。 63. Tim和他的同事们正在想方设法恢复被飓风摧毁的电力系统以确保慈善义卖的如期进行。（means, schedule）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Tim and his colleagues are trying every means to restore the power system destroyed by the hurricane to ensure the charity sale is held as scheduled. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“Tim和他的同事们”应用Tim and his colleagues，作主语；表示“正在想方设法”应用are trying every means，时态为现在进行时强调现在状态，固定搭配try every means to do sth.“想方设法做某事”；表示“恢复电力系统”应用to restore the power system，不定式作目的状语；表示“被飓风摧毁的”应用destroyed by the hurricane，过去分词作后置定语；表示“以确保”应用to ensure，引导目的状语；表示“慈善义卖如期进行”应用the charity sale is held as scheduled，为宾语从句，as scheduled是固定短语，意为“如期”。 64. 这位设计师追求创新。他不但将旧梯子改造成花架，还打造出一款融合瓷器与流行文化的咖啡杯，这充分体现了他的环保理念与独特审美。（transform, which）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The designer pursues innovation. He has not only transformed old ladders into flower racks, but also created a coffee cup combining porcelain with pop culture, which fully reflects his environmental protection concept and unique aesthetic taste. 【解析】 【详解】“这位设计师追求创新”陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“这位设计师”表达为the designer，谓语“追求”用pursue的单数形式pursues，宾语“创新”表达为innovation；“他不但将旧梯子改造成花架，还打造出一款融合瓷器与流行文化的咖啡杯”陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语是he，“将……改造成……”表达为transform...into...，“旧梯子”表达为old ladders，“花架”表达为flower racks，“创造”用动词create，宾语“融合瓷器与流行文化的咖啡杯”表达为a coffee cup combining porcelain with pop culture，其中现在分词短语作后置定语，谓语transform和create用not only...but also...“不但……而且……”连接，且都用过去分词和has构成现在完成时；“这充分体现了他的环保理念与独特审美”处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句，对主句进行补充说明，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语“体现”用reflect的单数形式reflects，副词fully“充分地”修饰谓语，宾语“他的环保理念与独特审美”表达为his environmental protection concept and unique aesthetic taste。 Ⅳ. Guided Writing 65. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是民启中学的学生，开学伊始，学校将开展“阳光体育(Sunshine Sports)”活动，项目包括篮球、足球、羽毛球、乒乓球和踢毽子(shuttlecock)等，建议每位学生至少选择一个项目报名参加。你作为学生会的成员，请写一篇文章对此活动进行宣传，你的文章必须包含以下内容： ·选择其中一个项目介绍其特点或优势； ·简单解释该项目的申报条件和训练安排。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Embrace Sunshine Sports, Ignite Youthful Passion As the new semester begins, our school is launching the “Sunshine Sports” campaign, offering a vibrant array of activities including basketball, football, badminton, table tennis, and shuttlecock kicking. Among these options, badminton stands out as a particularly appealing choice. Known for its fast-paced action and strategic depth, badminton not only enhances physical fitness but also sharpens reflexes and mental agility. To join the badminton club, there are no stringent requirements — just a passion for the game and a willingness to learn. Training sessions will be held twice a week, led by experienced coaches who will guide us through the basics and help us refine our skills. Let’s seize this opportunity to step out of our comfort zones, make new friends, and embrace the spirit of Sunshine Sports. Together, we can create a healthier, more vibrant campus environment. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇文章“阳光体育”活动进行宣传，要求选择其中一个项目介绍其特点或优势以及简单解释该项目的申报条件和训练安排。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choice→option 热情：passion→enthusiasm 举行：hold→host 机会：opportunity→chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To join the badminton club, there are no stringent requirements — just a passion for the game and a willingness to learn. 拓展句：If you want to join the badminton club, there are no stringent requirements — just a passion for the game and a willingness to learn. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Training sessions will be held twice a week, led by experienced coaches who will guide us through the basics and help us refine our skills. (运用了who引导定语从句) 【高分句型2】Known for its fast-paced action and strategic depth, badminton not only enhances physical fitness but also sharpens reflexes and mental agility.(运用了过去分词短语作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上戏附中2026学年第一学期（第1次）质量监测 高三年级英语试卷 总分：115分 时间：105分钟 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Accidents That Changed History Different though they may be, Stephen King and Dr Seuss have two things in common. They’re both hugely successful authors, and they both made a narrow escape ____1____ a life of obscurity (默默无闻). Theodor Geisel — Dr Seuss’s given name — wrote his first children’s book, A Story No One Can Beat, in the mid-1930s. ____2____ (work) as an advertising illustrator at the time, Geisel sent his manuscript (手稿) to 27 publishers. They all rejected it. After the last cold shoulder, Geisel walked down New York City’s Madison Avenue, determined ____3____ (burn) the manuscript and, perhaps, his writing career. ____4____ he was cooling off, he bumped into his old university roommate, Mike McClintock, who happened to edit children’s books at Vanguard Press. Geisel ____5____ (share) his problem with McClintock, who asked to see the story. McClintock suggested a few changes, and Vanguard published the book in 1937, ____6____ new title was And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. According to Geisel, “If I had just been walking down the other side of Madison Avenue, I’d be in the dry-cleaning business today.” Stephen King’s first ____7____ (publish) book was about a teenage girl who discovers that she has fantastic mental powers. King’s worst critic wasn’t the publishers — it was ____8____. He disliked his story so much that he threw it away after only three pages, according to his memoir (回忆录) On Writing. A few hours later, his wife found the pages covered with cigarette ash in their wastepaper basket. She took the pages out and started reading, and she ____9____ (fascinate). “She wanted me to go on,” King later wrote. “She wanted to know ____10____ the rest of the story would be like.” And so he did go on. Carrie went on to sell over a million paperback copies in its first year alone. (B) Our brains are tuned to hear music Human brains are uniquely suited to hearing music, a new study suggests. Compared to macaque monkeys, humans respond much more strongly to sounds with a musical pitch (音高) and prefer those ____11____ sounds without a pitch. The team, based at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Maryland, US, studied the differences in how humans and macaques hear the world. “We found that a certain region of our brains has a stronger preference for sounds with pitch than macaque monkey brains,” said senior author Dr Bevil Conway. The area of the brain ____12____ processes sounds is called the auditory cortex. By studying the activity of the auditory cortex in a brain scan, the team could measure ____13____ strongly the brain responded to certain sounds. The sounds ____14____ (divide) into two types: noise without pitch, and pitch without noise. Specifically, ‘noise’ is a sound ____15____ (contain) lots of different frequencies within a particular range, like the sound of an untuned radio. Regular human speech and macaque calls have both a pitch and a noise component. To compare how humans and macaques responded to each type of sound, the team first played the participants a series of pure tones followed by a series of noises ____16____ (make) up of similar frequencies. In humans, the auditory cortex lit up much ____17____ (brightly) when the tones were played, compared to the noises. However, macaques showed barely any difference in how they responded to these two sounds. “These results suggest the macaque monkey may experience music and other sounds differently,” said Conway. “In contrast, the macaque’s experience of the visual world is probably very similar to our own. It makes one ____18____ (wonder) what kind of sounds our evolutionary ancestors experienced. The results raise the possibility, that these sounds, which are embedded in speech and music, ____19____ have shaped the basic organization of the human brain. ____20____ we rely so heavily on speech to communicate, and music is culturally important, our brains evolved to accommodate these.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tempting B. developing C. permanent D. marketed E. control F. rapidly G. required H. present I. addicted J. entirely K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is ___21___ as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of ___22___ flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), ___23___ in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is ___24___. More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once ___25___, people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still ___26___. Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion ___27___. People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is ___28___ to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to ___29___ the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette ____30____. If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you survey American parents about what they want for their kids, more than 90 percent say one of their top priorities is that their children be caring. This makes sense: Kindness and concern for others are held as ____31____ in nearly every society. But when you ask children what their parents ____32____ for them, 81 percent say their parents value achievement and happiness over caring. Kids learn what’s ____33____ to adults not by listening to what we say, but by noticing what gets our attention. And in many developed societies, parents now pay more attention to individual achievement and happiness than anything else. However much we ____34____ kindness and caring, we’re not actually showing our kids that we value these traits. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, then, that kindness appears to be ____35____. An analysis of annual surveys of American college students showed a substantial drop from 1979 to 2009 in imagining the perspectives of others. Over this period, students grew ____36____ to feel concern for people less fortunate than themselves. It’s not just that people care less; they seem to be ____37____ less, too. In one experiment, a sociologist left thousands of what appeared to be lost letters in dozens of American cities in 2001, and again in 2011. From the first round to the second one, the proportion of letters that was ____38____ by passers-by and put in a mailbox declined by 10 percent. Psychologists find that kids born after 1995 ____39____ as much as their predecessors (前辈) that other people experiencing difficulty should be helped—but they feel less personal responsibility to take action themselves. If we truly care less about one another, some of the ____40____ lies with the values parents have promoted. In our own lives, we’ve observed many parents becoming so focused on achievement that they ____41____ kindness. Other parents discourage kindness, seeing it as a source of ____42____ in a fiercely competitive world. In some parenting circles, for example, there’s a movement against ____43____ when preschoolers are selfish in their play. These parents worry that stepping in might prevent kids from learning to stick up for themselves, and say that they’re less ____44____ the prospect of raising an adult who doesn’t share than one who struggles to say no. But there’s no reason parents can’t teach their kids to care about others and themselves — to be both ____45____ and self-respecting. If you encourage children to consider the needs and feelings of others, sometimes they will and sometimes they won’t. But they’ll soon learn that if you don’t treat others considerately, they may not be considerate toward you. 31. A. events B. records C. virtues D. media 32. A. change B. pay C. create D. want 33. A. available B. important C. familiar D. equal 34. A. praise B. deserve C. display D. encounter 35. A. in decline B. under control C. on hand D. above average 36. A. more willing B. more surprised C. less likely D. less relieved 37. A. saying B. thinking C. enjoying D. helping 38. A. set aside B. taken down C. picked up D. put off 39. A. believe B. doubt C. learn D. complain 40. A. difference B. theme C. demand D. blame 41. A. respect B. neglect C. define D. evaluate 42. A. weakness B. happiness C. comfort D. anxiety 43. A. discriminating B. intervening C. collapsing D. forgiving 44. A. curious about B. grateful for C. worried about D. helpful for 45. A. generous B. independent C. knowledgeable D. appreciative Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Roberto Beltrami grew up just a few hours’ drive from Murano of Italy, world-famous for producing beautiful glassware. But it was in Boston that he first came across the art of glassblowing. It was 2011, and Beltrami, then a physics student at Boston University, was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly, known for pushing back the boundaries of contemporary glassblowing. Beltrami visited Murano during his summer break and took a class in glassblowing. That class turned into an apprenticeship (学徒期), and later he studied under some of the world’s most famous glassblowing masters. At one time, Murano was the global leader in glassblowing. But in recent years, the number of factories has dropped sharply. While many say that young people are uninterested in pursuing hot, hard manual labor, Beltrami has a different perspective. “With a long tradition of closely guarding their trade secrets, workshops in Murano are reluctant to welcome newcomers,” Beltrami said. In 2017, Beltrami started his own workshop, Wave Murano Glass. Now with a team of 20, many of them in their twenties and thirties, Beltrami — believed to be the youngest glass master in Murano — is training a new generation of craftsmen. At Wave, Beltrami introduced a variety of modern technologies, including streamlining workflows and new furnaces (炉子). These furnaces can capture heat that is typically lost via exhaust fumes and reuse it to preheat the air going into the burner. Murano’s factories have historically worked on small-scale industrial orders, with many rejecting orders of less than a few hundred but unable to handle those of a few thousand. So, Beltrami set up his workshop to be flexible. While most of Wave’s products are white label products for brands, designers, and artists, up to 10% of the company’s sales come from classes and tours. Beltrami also has made a point of offering internships to young, enthusiastic people from around the globe, many of whom are now employed by Wave. For Beltrami, finding new talents is an essential step to revitalize the industry. 46. What first aroused Beltrami’s interest in glassblowing? A. A childhood visit to Murano. B. An exhibition on glass artworks. C. An art course at Boston University. D. A physical experiment about glassblowing. 47. What accounts for the decline of Murano’s glassblowing industry in Beltrami’s opinion? A. The falling global demand for glassware. B. Local workshops’ unwillingness to change. C. Young people’s lack of interest in manual work. D. Over-protection of their traditional techniques. 48. How does Wave Murano Glass run its business? A. By adopting a diversified business model. B. By focusing on small-scale industrial orders. C. By producing customized artworks for the market. D. By providing products for various brands and artists. 49. Why does Beltrami offer internships to young people? A. To cut down the daily costs of his workshop. B. To change Murano’s traditional working style. C. To pass on and revive the traditional glass craft. D. To expand his team for larger commercial orders. (B) 3D Printing & Modeling with Blender Price: $1,299 Age: 13-17 Skill level: beginner — advanced Duration: a week-long program, 8 hours per day About this camp 3D printing technology has paved the way for countless inventions. Dive deep into Blender, a powerful 3D modeling and animation software used by industry creatives. You’ll invent and model your own designs, such as functional desk organizers and imaginative characters. Then, transform them into tactile (有触感的) prints! Create key chains, small toys, or collectible pets. Plug in your 3D models and watch them come to life layer by layer on the print bed! At the end of the week, you’ll take home your entire collection of 3D prints. Sample schedule Here’s a sample of what a week in this course could look like. Keep in mind that students will progress at varying paces, so this is meant to serve as an outline of key materials and the overall experience. Monday An introduction to 3D printing Tuesday Learning advanced design tools in Blender Wednesday Starting your own original creation Thursday Final projects & print collection Friday 3D art gallery The camp format This camp is part of a summer course running Monday through Friday. Learning sessions will be held in a lab on an inspiring university campus. You will be placed within a small group and guided by an experienced instructor. Daily schedules not only focus on hands-on learning and creative exploration but also allow for outdoor and recreational activities. Day and overnight options are available based on location. Experienced instructors Our instructors have a passion for technology, possess unmatched expertise, and have the kind of personality that brings out the very best in everyone. They come from top universities and earn certification to ensure exceptional teaching quality. Every instructor undergoes thorough background and reference checks before joining the program. When you learn from the best, you’ll unlock opportunities to become your best. 50. Who would be most interested in this camp? A. Students who expect to take part in competitive design events. B. Students who want to turn digital creative ideas into real objects. C. Students who prefer independent online learning at their own pace. D. Students who wish to gain a professional qualification in 3D animation. 51. Why does the writer include the “Sample schedule” in the text? A. To remind students to follow a fixed learning pace. B. To show that theory and practice are equally valued. C. To give readers a general impression of the learning process. D. To stress the fierce competition among program participants. 52. Which of the following can best describe the camp instructors? A. They are craftsmen known for their hands-on experience. B. They are professional staff selected through strict procedures. C. They are passionate volunteers from international organizations D. They are full-time university professors rich in teaching experience. (C) Researchers and policy makers have long studied pilot schemes (方案) such as public health initiatives or innovative schools. They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale. This depressing tendency was called “voltage drop” by the psychiatrist Amy Kilbourne and her coworkers in 2007. The economist John List has been exploring the cause of this voltage drop, first in a 2019 paper with Omar Al-Ubaydli and Dana Suskind, then in a recent book, The Voltage Effect. So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas? One common problem is that the original effect was not real. Consider a famous experiment, conducted over 20 years ago by psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper, in which customers in a high-end supermarket were offered free samples of jam from a choice of either six or 24 flavours. The wider choice was dramatically de-motivating. Ten times as many people bought jam after being shown the smaller range. It is one of the most famous results in psychology; it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments. Perhaps the effect is completely non-existent, or perhaps the effect exists but with nothing like the force exhibited in the original experiment. Does anyone seriously believe your local supermarket would sell 10 times as much produce if only it simplified its product line? Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances. My favourite example is the Arch Deluxe, a hamburger launched by McDonald’s in 1996 with a marketing fanfare. The fast-food giant had every reason to expect success, because focus groups loved the Arch Deluxe’s bakery-style rolls, peppered bacon and stoneground mustard-mayo dressing. The problem, says List, is that the focus group enthusiasts were not a good guide to the attitude of the typical consumer: “A person who signs up to take part in a McDonald’s focus group is probably someone who is crazy about McDonald’s or loves all kinds of burgers, or both. But the average person, it turns out, goes to McDonald’s for the Big Mac, not a fancier version of one.” Even if the idea is real, and generalizes to a wide audience, it may be difficult to repeat the performance once it ventures beyond the control of the original creative team. A pilot school may work well, but it is easier to hire 20 good teachers than 20,000. A brilliant chef can work in only one kitchen at a time. 53. Which of the following statements best describes “voltage drop”? A. A scheme has been piloted before being really carried out. B. A scheme serves its intended purpose well on a large scale. C. A scheme works well when tested but fails when launched. D. A scheme like a health initiative is designed for a group of people. 54. What does the writer imply about the experiment conducted by Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper? A. It lasted too long a time. B. Its conclusion may not be reliable. C. Its follow-up experiments showed opposite results. D. It discouraged people from going to the supermarket. 55. The example of the Arch Deluxe is used in the passage in order to explain ________. A. why the creativity of an idea matters a lot B. why an idea may not generalise to a larger group C. why McDonald’s is not popular with average people D. why the attitude of the typical consumer varies 56. The passage talks mainly about ________. A. why some great ideas fail B. how to avoid voltage drop C. how to make a workable plan D. why experimentation is important Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two setences more than you need. The Truth About Breakfast Is skipping breakfast a terrible way to start your day? Will you get hungry later, eat all the wrong things and put on weight? That is certainly what Public Health England and NHS guidelines currently say. But is it true? ____57____ A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) than those who didn’t. ____58____ The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast. The best way to resolve the question is to do randomised controlled studies in which you ask breakfast skippers to eat breakfast, and vice versa, and see what happens. The good news is that a large number of these studies have been done. The bad news, for the advocates of ‘breakfast is the most important meal of the day’, is that randomised controlled trials have, on the whole, shown that getting people to eat breakfast may not serve the intended purpose. A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies. ____59____ In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less. The researchers concluded that, “____60____” So the message is, if you enjoy eating breakfast (as I do), then fine. But if you prefer to wait and break your fast later in the day, then no harm done. A. There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health. B. It also pointed out that the alleged benefits for children are weak and largely observational. C. It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don’t eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on. D. Does eating ‘the most important meal of the day’ help you stay healthy? E. But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn’t mean that breakfast is the reason. F. Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect. Ⅲ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 61. 香肠炒饭是这家饭店的特色，值得一试。（worth）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 62. 要不了多久，他们就将远离城市的喧嚣，过上简单而闲适的生活。（before）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 63. Tim和他的同事们正在想方设法恢复被飓风摧毁的电力系统以确保慈善义卖的如期进行。（means, schedule）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 64. 这位设计师追求创新。他不但将旧梯子改造成花架，还打造出一款融合瓷器与流行文化的咖啡杯，这充分体现了他的环保理念与独特审美。（transform, which）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. Guided Writing 65. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是民启中学的学生，开学伊始，学校将开展“阳光体育(Sunshine Sports)”活动，项目包括篮球、足球、羽毛球、乒乓球和踢毽子(shuttlecock)等，建议每位学生至少选择一个项目报名参加。你作为学生会的成员，请写一篇文章对此活动进行宣传，你的文章必须包含以下内容： ·选择其中一个项目介绍其特点或优势； ·简单解释该项目的申报条件和训练安排。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $