Unit 7 The natural world（单元分层自测·基础通关卷）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

2026-2027 学年八年级上册英语单元检测 Unit 7 The natural world-基础通关卷 学校： 班级： 姓名： 分数： （时间：90分钟 满分：100分） 一、单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) ( )1.I looked through the questions_________.And it was__________to answer all of them. A.quick;easily B.quicker;easy C.quickly;easily D.quickly;easy ( )2.The United Kingdom___________England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland. A.is made of B.is made up of C.is made from D.is made in ( )3.Fast food tastes delicious.____________eating it too often is bad for your health. A.Or B.And C.But D.So ( )4.—Since you know smoking is bad for your health,you'd better_____________it at once. —You're right.I'll take action from today. A.get rid of B.get ready for C.get tired of D.get along with ( )5.Coral reefs are facing more serious problems because ocean pollution is getting________. A.bad B.worse C.worst D.badly ( )6. The members of the team took the match_________and practised hard.______,it was not so easy for them to win. A.seriously;However B.happily;Instead C.clearly;Moreover D.quietly;Therefore ( )7.Read the banner(横幅)on the big grasslands where wild lions live.What should we do? The best way to protect ions is not to put them in zoos,but to protect their homes—the big grasslands where they live freely.A cage,no matter how comfortable,is never a true home. A.Start an activity to stop people from buying things made of animal fur. B.Help groups to take action to protect lions' living areas. C.Take a baby lion from the wild and keep it in a zoo. D.Ask more people to go to zoos to see lion shows. ( )8.—How long can I keep your dictionary? —Three weeks.You must_______it on time. A.collect B.call C.return D.keep ( )9.Screen time late into the evening can________sleep problems.because using mobile phones and computers keeps teens excited. A.mark B.cause C.treat D.kill ( )10.—China Sea-salt Museum in Yancheng is a good place to learn about sea salt culture. —_______. A.That's all right. B.Why not? C.I can't agree more. D.You are so kind. 二、完形填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) A food chain is a way to show the relationships among living things in the 1 .It shows the path the energy takes from the sun through producers and consumers(消费者)to decomposers(分解者).Everything needs energy to 2 . A producer is a living thing that makes energy from the 3 .It absorbs sunlight,turns it into energy and keeps it.A perfect example of a producer is a vegetable or fruit.These plants take in sunlight through 4 green leaves, produce energy,and keep it in the other parts of plants,such as their fruit and flowers-what is the most 5 to consumers. A consumer is a living thing in the food chain that eats producers or other consumers for energy.These consumers can be insects,other animals and humans.Insects,like grasshoppers(蚱蜢，蝗虫),eat producers and take in their energy.Consumers can also eat other consumers.For example,consumers like lions and tigers often eat other animals 6 them in the food chain.In this way,energy can be 7 to other consumers. A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from 'both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals.Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers.These living things eat dead plants and animals,take in the energy to live on and put new energy into the 8 .Plants use the energy to make energy of their own to start the 9 again. The food chain includes all 10 things on earth,showing how they are all connected. ( )1.A.space B.nature C.lab D.city ( )2.A.live B.grow C.stay D.work ( )3.A.water B.soil C.sun D.air ( )4.A.their B.his C.its D.our ( )5.A harmful B.useless C.useful D.dangerous ( )6.A.above B.below C.beside D.behind ( )7.A.lost B.thrown C.passed D.taken ( )8.A.river B.sun C.earth D.water ( )9.A cycle B.game C.race D.test ( )10.A living B.animals C.plants D.environment 三、阅读理解。(共15小题；每小题2分，计30分) A)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions.The electric bulb is thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time.However,too much of a good thing has started to influence(影响)the environment.Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behaviour.There is a world-wide movement to reduce light pollution,and everyone can help. According to The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness(《新世界人造夜空亮度地图集》),the light pollution problem is especially serious.Large areas of North America,Europe,the Middle East,and Asia are bright with lights,while remote(偏远的)places like Siberia,the Sahara,and the Amazon are still dark. Artificial light can cause havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals.It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏).An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin(褪黑素)production,which results in less sleep,headaches,stress and other health problems.Blue light,in particular,has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans.It is found in cellphones and other computer devices,as well as in LEDs,which are the types of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviours.such as migration(迁徙)patterns and habitat formation.Because of light pollution.sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their ways and often die.Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting.Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible(可逆的)and each one of us can make a difference!Now,many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds(百叶窗)or curtains at night to control artificial light. ( )1.What does the underlined word “havoc”in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Improvement. B.Fear. C.Management. D.Damage. ( )2.What is the author's attitude towards the control of light pollution? A.Uncertain. B.Doubtful. C.Worried. D.Hopeful. ( )3.According to the passage,which would the author agree with? A.Light pollution is the hardest type of pollution to solve. B.Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C.Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals. D.LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. B If you search for places of beauty,wetlands probably won't be high on your list.Wetlands are areas of land that are often completely wet with water.Although they might not look very pretty,the roles that they play in nature might go beyond many people's imagination. Wetlands appear naturally in almost every part of the world.There are many different types of wetlands on Earth.Along with rainforests,they are among the most diverse(多样的)places on Earth.Besides natural wetlands, humans are also creating man-made ones for a number of purposes about water management. One of the main advantages of wetlands is that they can prevent floods.They do so by storing water for a certain time and then slowly releasing(释放)it over time.Wetlands operate similarly to a sponge(海绵).When it rains heavily and water levels rise,they take in the extra water which may cause floods.This prevents water from entering rivers and streams.Then,when water levels become low later,they will release it.In many cases,wetlands offer a much more natural way than dams(坝).However,it's important to note that wetlands,like dams,don't stop all dangers from flooding.Once there is a very heavy rainfall,wetlands may fill up and any extra water will start to run off. Wetlands also play a part in cleaning water.Farming actions and city waste are main causes of water pollution. Wetlands include plants and organisms that can reduce this pollution by clearing out unwanted things.Wetlands have other advantages for the environment as well.They can help to feed nearby fish populations by releasing something that can be used as food for them into rivers.Also,many animals like frogs use wetlands as baby-raising grounds because they provide the place for catching food and the water required.Some birds also come to the wetlands for food and shelter.Although wetlands may not look pretty,it's clear that they are able to do the important work which is necessary to make sure that the circle of life remains unbroken. ( )1.Why does the writer mention“sponge”in Paragraph 3? A.To explain the flood-preventing work of wetlands. B.To describe the sponge's feature of storing water. C.To show the wetlands can take in water quickly like a sponge. D.To compare the similar points between wetlands and a sponge. ( )2.What can we learn about wetlands from the passage? A.People create man-made wetlands to deal with water. B.People praise wetlands for natural beauty. C.Wetlands can solve the pollution problems. D.Wetlands can completely prevent the dangers caused by floods. ( )3.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.Wetlands—Circle of Life B.Wetlands—Home of Living Things C.Wetlands—Friend of Earth D.Wetlands—Cleaner of Environment C When Paul Jackson was a boy,he lived near an old copper smelter(冶炼厂)which polluted the environment seriously.A beautiful forest nearby was made into a wasteland.He vowed(发誓)that someday he would make the land green again. While at college,he chose botany(植物学).He met a professor who was an expert in ecology(生态学).He told Paul it would take about twenty thousand years to make that wasteland green again. Then Paul got married and had some kids.Bu this dream would not die.He kept thinking about it.One night he took some action.He sneaked out into the wasteland with a backpack full of seedlings and started planting.For seven hours,he planted the seedlings.Every week,he made his secret journey and did the same job,but most of them died.For fifteen years he did this. Once,when all his young trees burned to the ground because of a careless sheepherder,Paul broke down and cried.Then he got up and kept planting.Freezing winds and terrible heat,landslides and floods and fires destroyed (毁坏)his work time and time again.However,he kept planting. Very slowly,amazing things began to take place.Now the place is fourteen thousand acres of trees,grass and bushes.Many kinds of wildlife live here.Paul received many environmental awards.His hair turned white,but he managed to keep that impossible vow he made to himself as a child. Just keep working,no matter who criticizes you,no matter how long it takes,no matter how many times you fall. ( ) 1.What did Paul Jackson vow when he was a boy? A.To work at the copper smelter. B.To make the wasteland green again. C.To win an environmental award. D.To study the wildlife in the forest. ( ) 2.Which can best explain the underlined phrase“sneaked out”in Paragraph 3? A.Ran outside excitedly and rapidly. B.Invited others to go out together. C.Walked out quickly and noisily. D.Left secretly to avoid being noticed. ( ) 3.How did Paul react(反应)when his young trees burned to the ground? A.He gave up planting from then on. B.He built a wall to protect them. C.He cried but continued planting. D.He decided to plant different kinds of trees. ( ) 4.What was the result of Paul's long-term efforts? A.The wildlife all disappeared from the area. B.Paul became famous and moved to a big city. C.The area was turned into 14,000 acres of green land. D.All the trees he planted were destroyed by earthquakes. B)阅读短文，从短文后A至G七个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ocean's Gifts to Our Planet The ocean covers over 70% of the earth's surface and plays a very important role in keeping our planet alive. 1.____________Let's explore three key ways oceans help us live and grow. Climate Protectors Oceans act like earth's air conditioner.2.________Through a process called the“ocean conveyor(传送者)belt”, warm surface waters flow toward the poles while cold deep waters move toward the equator.This constant movement helps balance global temperatures.Without this system,many places would be too hot or too cold for life. Life Provider 3._____________Over 3 billion people depend on seafood as their main protein source. Moreover.tiny ocean plants called phytoplankton(浮游植物)produce over 50% of the world's oxygen—more than all rainforests combined!Imagine taking a breath right now;every second breath comes from the ocean. Transport Highway Long before airplanes,oceans were our first highways.4._____________Even today,about 90%of traded goods travel by sea.Shipping remains the most efficient way to move large quantities of products across continents(洲). Call for Protection 5.___________Plastic pollution,overfishing and rising temperatures are damaging oceanic ecosystems.By understanding the ocean's importance,we can take better actions to protect this blue heart of our planet. A.However,human activities now damage this balance. B.They take in 30% of carbon dioxide and 90% of excess(额外的)heat. C.Ancient sailors used stars to navigate these watery roads. D.Some scientists believe there are still undiscovered species(物种). E.Its benefits are from climate control to food supply. F.Rivers carry important nutrients(营养)to the ocean every day. G.The ocean serves as the world's largest pharmacy(药房)with many medicines. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 四、词语运用(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) A)选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。 nearly ，knowledge ，lead to， return ，store， solve When we learn,we 1 always meet small problems.These problems may 2 frustration if we don't deal with them properly.We can 3 useful notes in our notebooks for later review.To 4 these problems,we need to turn to books or teachers for help.In this way,we can build up rich 5 step by step,which will help us grow into better learners. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B)阅读短文，在文中空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Two heads are better than one.It means that two people working together have a 1 (good)chance of solving problems than one person.But not everyone likes working with others—especially when working in a group.There can be a number of reasons why people 2 (like)group work.Some may feel nervous or 3 (comfortable)in group situations.Others may have a bad experience with someone who doesn't work well as a team. In fact,cooperative(合作的)learning has become 4 wonderful method so far.It can help solve the problem and have 5 (far)study.It is very useful because it gives each person of the group a duty to achieve(实现)a shared goal.For example, 6 learners are divided into groups of four people.their roles may be leader, writer,checker and 7 (speak).This makes sure everyone takes part in the group work.It also allows each member 8 (play)a meaningful part in completing the shared goal.Besides.you can learn to listen to others when your team members 9 (talk).Of course,it's better to pay attention to explaining(解释)something clearly before the cooperative activity:the main job for the activity and how the cooperative roles work. 10 the cooperative learning method,we can say that four heads are better than just one. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题，注意：每题答案不超过6个词。 (共5小题；每小题2分，计10分) Thousands of years ago,in the south of China,there lived Shennong,a man who had an ox(牛)head and a human body.Seeing that the local people were often ill,he put hundreds of medical plants in the houses on a high mountain for them.To remember him,people named the place Shennongjia. The legend(传说)makes Shennongjia in Hubei an inviting place for tourists.Travelling there is a special experience,as you can see sights of the four seasons.When the bottom of the mountain is summer,the top is spring and while it is cool in the foothills,the top is covered with ice.Another interesting thing about Shennongjia is the legend of wild men.Some people once said that they saw big footprints of wild men. Shennongjia is also home to about 4,500 kinds of animals and plants.Many animals are in danger,such as the golden monkey,the clouded leopard and the Asian black bear. On 17 July 2016,Shennongjia Forestry District was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural site(遗址). 1.How did Shennong help the sick local people? 2.What makes Shennongjia an inviting place for tourists according to the passage? 3.How many seasons can you experience when visiting Shennongjia? 4.How many kinds of animals and plants live in Shennongjia? 5.When was Shennongjia Forestry District added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural site? 六、书面表达(共20分) Teens' Talk Magazine向中学生征集有关“环保”话题的投稿。假设你是李华，请以“Protecting the Ocean”为题，从海洋的重要性、它面临的问题以及如何保护海洋方面撰写一篇文章，呼吁人们保护海洋。 The importance... → The problems... → The action... 注意事项： 1.短文内容须自拟，要求语句通顺，意思连贯，符合题意； 2.词数70左右，文章开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数； 3.文中不得使用真实的个人姓名和学校名称。 Protecting the Ocean The ocean is of great importance. Let's work together to protect the ocean! 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027 学年八年级上册英语单元检测 Unit 7 The natural world-基础通关卷 （时间：90分钟 满分：100分） 参考答案 一、单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 1.D 2.B 3.C4.A 5.B6. A 7.B 8.C9.B 10.C 二、完形填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1-5 BACAC 6-10 BCCAA 三、阅读理解。(共15小题；每小题2分，计30分) A)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A）1-3 DDC B）1-3 AAC C）1-4 BBCC B)阅读短文，从短文后A至G七个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1-5 EBFCA 四、词语运用(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) A)选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。 1.nearly 2.lead to 3.store 4.solve 5.knowledge B)阅读短文，在文中空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.better 2.dislike 3.uncomfortable 4.a 5.further 6.if/when 7.speaker 8.to play9.are talking/talk 10.With 五、阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题，注意：每题答案不超过6个词。 (共5小题；每小题2分，计10分) 1.He stored medical plants for them. 2.The legend of Shennong. 3.Four seasons. 4.4,500 kinds. 5.On 17 July,2016. 六、书面表达(共20分) One possible version: Protecting the Ocean The ocean is of great importance.It provides us with food and helps control the climate.It is also home to many amazing animals and plants.However,the ocean is facing serious problems,Plastic waste pollutes the water and harms sea life.Overfishing makes some fish disappear. We must take action to protect it.We should stop throwing rubbish into the sea and use less plastic.We can also join beach clean-up activities.Everyone can do something to help. Let's work together to protect the ocean! 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027 学年八年级上册英语单元检测 Unit 7 The natural world-基础通关卷 学校： 班级： 姓名： 分数： （时间：90分钟 满分：100分） 一、单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) ( )1.I looked through the questions_________.And it was__________to answer all of them. A.quick;easily B.quicker;easy C.quickly;easily D.quickly;easy 【答案】D 【解析】考查副词和形容词的用法。句意：我快速地浏览了这些问题。回答它们所有这些问题很容易。quick快速的，形容词；quicker更快的，形容词比较级；quickly快速地，副词；easily容易地，副词；easy容易的，形容词。根据“I looked through the questions”可知，第一空应用副词quickly来修饰动词短语“looked through”,表示快速浏览。根据“And it was...to answer all of them,”可知，第二空应用形容词作表语。故选D。 ( )2.The United Kingdom___________England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland. A.is made of B.is made up of C.is made from D.is made in 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：英国是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的。be made of由……制成（强调能看出原材料的物理变化）；be made up of由……组成；be made from由……制成（强调看不出原材料的加工/化学变化）；be made in在……制造。此处表达的是英国是由几个地区共同组成的。故选B。 ( )3.Fast food tastes delicious.____________eating it too often is bad for your health. A.Or B.And C.But D.So 【答案】C 【解析】考查并列连词辨析。句意：快餐尝起来很美味。但是吃得太频繁对你的健康有害。or否则；and和：but但是；so所以。根据“Fast food tastes delicious."与“eating it too often is bad for your health”可知，前后句为转折关系，指的是快餐虽然好吃，但吃得太频繁对身体不好，应用“But”连接。故选C。 ( )4.—Since you know smoking is bad for your health,you'd better_____________it at once. —You're right.I'll take action from today. A.get rid of B.get ready for C.get tired of D.get along with 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——既然你知道吸烟对你的健康有害，你最好立即戒掉它。——你说得对，我会从今天开始行动。get rid of摆脱，除去；get ready for为……做准备；get tired of对……感到厌倦；get along with与……相处融洽。根据“Since you know smoking is bad for your health”及常识可知，吸烟对健康有害，因此建议对方立即采取行动戒烟。故选A。 ( )5.Coral reefs are facing more serious problems because ocean pollution is getting________. A.bad B.worse C.worst D.badly 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。句意：因为海洋污染正变得更加严重，珊瑚礁正面临更严重的问题。根据“more serious problems”可知，珊瑚礁正面临更严重的问题，原因应是海洋污染更严重了，故此处用比较级worse符合语境。故选B。 ( )6. The members of the team took the match_________and practised hard.______,it was not so easy for them to win. A.seriously;However B.happily;Instead C.clearly;Moreover D.quietly;Therefore 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：这个队的成员认真地对待比赛并且刻苦训练。然而，对他们来说赢得比赛不是那么容易。seriously认真地；happily高兴地；clearly清楚地；quietly安静地；however然而；instead反而；moreover此外；therefore因此。根据“practised hard”可知，小组成员刻苦训练，应是对待比赛很认真，take sth. seriously意为“认真对待某事”,故第一空填seriously;根据“it was not so easy for them to win”可知，尽管这个队的成员刻苦训练，但是赢得比赛也不容易，前后句存在转折关系，故第二空填However。故选A。 ( )7.Read the banner(横幅)on the big grasslands where wild lions live.What should we do? The best way to protect ions is not to put them in zoos,but to protect their homes—the big grasslands where they live freely.A cage,no matter how comfortable,is never a true home. A.Start an activity to stop people from buying things made of animal fur. B.Help groups to take action to protect lions' living areas. C.Take a baby lion from the wild and keep it in a zoo. D.Ask more people to go to zoos to see lion shows. 【答案】B 【解析】考查对文本内容的理解。句意：阅读野生狮子生活的大草原上的横幅。我们应该做什么?根据“The best way to protect lions is not to put them in zoos,but to protect their homes—the big grasslands...”可知，保护狮子最好的方式是保护它们的栖息地——大草原，而非把它们关进动物园。选项A“开展一项活动，阻止人们购买动物皮毛制品”;选项B“帮助小组采取行动来保护狮子的生活区”;选项C“从野外捕获幼狮并将其养在动物园中”;选项D“让更多人去动物园观看狮子表演”。故选B。 ( )8.—How long can I keep your dictionary? —Three weeks.You must_______it on time. A.collect B.call C.return D.keep 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：——我可以借用你的词典多久?——三周。你必须按时归还。collect收集；call打电话；return归还；keep保持。it指代“your dictionary”,根据“on time”可知，此处指按时归还词典。故选C。 ( )9.Screen time late into the evening can________sleep problems.because using mobile phones and computers keeps teens excited. A.mark B.cause C.treat D.kill 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：熬夜看电子屏幕会引发睡眠问题，因为使用手机和电脑会让青少年保持兴奋。mark 标记；cause 造成，引发；treat 对待，治疗；kill 杀死。根据语境可知长时间晚间使用电子设备会带来睡眠问题，故选 B。 ( )10.—China Sea-salt Museum in Yancheng is a good place to learn about sea salt culture. —_______. A.That's all right. B.Why not? C.I can't agree more. D.You are so kind. 【答案】C 【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——位于盐城的中国海盐博物馆是一个了解海盐文化的好地方。——我完全同意。That's all right没关系；Why not为什么不呢；I can't agree more我完全同意；You are so kind你真好。根据"China Sea-salt Museum in Yancheng is a good place to learn about sea salt culture.”可知，此处表达观点，对方应回答同意或不同意该观点。故选C。 二、完形填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) A food chain is a way to show the relationships among living things in the 1 .It shows the path the energy takes from the sun through producers and consumers(消费者)to decomposers(分解者).Everything needs energy to 2 . A producer is a living thing that makes energy from the 3 .It absorbs sunlight,turns it into energy and keeps it.A perfect example of a producer is a vegetable or fruit.These plants take in sunlight through 4 green leaves, produce energy,and keep it in the other parts of plants,such as their fruit and flowers-what is the most 5 to consumers. A consumer is a living thing in the food chain that eats producers or other consumers for energy.These consumers can be insects,other animals and humans.Insects,like grasshoppers(蚱蜢，蝗虫),eat producers and take in their energy.Consumers can also eat other consumers.For example,consumers like lions and tigers often eat other animals 6 them in the food chain.In this way,energy can be 7 to other consumers. A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from 'both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals.Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers.These living things eat dead plants and animals,take in the energy to live on and put new energy into the 8 .Plants use the energy to make energy of their own to start the 9 again. The food chain includes all 10 things on earth,showing how they are all connected. ( )1.A.space B.nature C.lab D.city ( )2.A.live B.grow C.stay D.work ( )3.A.water B.soil C.sun D.air ( )4.A.their B.his C.its D.our ( )5.A harmful B.useless C.useful D.dangerous ( )6.A.above B.below C.beside D.behind ( )7.A.lost B.thrown C.passed D.taken ( )8.A.river B.sun C.earth D.water ( )9.A cycle B.game C.race D.test ( )10.A living B.animals C.plants D.environment 【答案】1-5 BACAC 6-10 BCCAA 【语篇解析】本文主要介绍了食物链的概念以及生产者、消费者、分解者在食物链中的角色与能量传递的过程，体现了生物之间相互关联。 1.B 考查名词辨析。句意：食物链是展示自然界中生物之间关系的一种方式。space空间；nature自然；lab实验室；city城市。根据常识可知，生物处于自然界中，所以此处需填“nature”。故选B。 2.A 考查动词辨析。句意：万物皆需能量才能生存。live生存；grow生长；stay停留；work工作。根据常识可知，万物皆需能量才能生存。故选A。 3.C 考查名词辨析。句意：生产者是一种能从太阳获取能量的生物。water水；soil土壤；sun太阳；air空气。根据“It absorbs sunlight,turns it into energy”可知，能量来源于太阳。故选C。 4.A 考查人称代词辨析。句意：这些植物通过它们的绿色叶子吸收阳光，产生能量，并将其储存在植物的其他部位，例如果实和花朵中——这些对消费者来说正是最有用的东西。their它(他，她)们的：his他的；its它的：our我们的。根据“These plants”可知，此处指植物的绿叶，应用their。故选A。 5.C 考查形容词辨析。句意同上。harmful有害的；useless无用的；useful有用的；dangerous危险的。根据常识可知，果实和花朵对消费者是有用的。故选C。 6.B 考查介词辨析。句意：例如，像狮子和老虎这样的消费者通常会捕食食物链中比它们低等的其他动物。above在……上方；below在……下方，(级别、重要性)低于；beside在……旁边；behind在……后面。根据常识可知，此处表示等级更低的动物。故选B。 7.C 考查动词辨析。句意：通过这种方式，能量可以被传递给其他消费者。lose失去；throw扔掉；pass传递；take采取。根据“Insects,like grasshoppers(蚱蜢，蝗虫),eat producers and take in their energy.”可推知，此处指食物链中能量的传递。故选C。 8.C 考查名词辨析。句意：这些生物以死亡的植物和动物为食，吸收能量为生，并将新能量注人泥土中。river河流；sun太阳：earth泥土；water水。根据常识和“Plants use the energy to make energy of their own”可知，植物需要从泥土中吸收能量。故选C。 9.A 考查名词辨析。句意：植物利用这些能量产生自身的能量，从而再次启动这个循环。cycle循环；game游戏；race比赛；test测试。通读全文可知，文章的核心是在描述生态系统中的能量流动和物质循环。这个过程是一个周而复始的循环：能量从太阳开始，传递给生产者、消费者、分解者，最后分解者将物质和能量(以植物可吸收的形式)归还土壤，再次被生产者利用。因此，这个过程是一个“循环”。故选A。 10.A 考查词义辨析。句意：食物链涵盖了地球上的所有的生物，展示了它们是如何相互联系的。living活着的；animal动物；plant植物；environment环境。根据文章内容所述可知，此处指的是“living things(生物)”。故选A。 三、阅读理解。(共15小题；每小题2分，计30分) A)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions.The electric bulb is thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time.However,too much of a good thing has started to influence(影响)the environment.Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behaviour.There is a world-wide movement to reduce light pollution,and everyone can help. According to The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness(《新世界人造夜空亮度地图集》),the light pollution problem is especially serious.Large areas of North America,Europe,the Middle East,and Asia are bright with lights,while remote(偏远的)places like Siberia,the Sahara,and the Amazon are still dark. Artificial light can cause havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals.It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏).An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin(褪黑素)production,which results in less sleep,headaches,stress and other health problems.Blue light,in particular,has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans.It is found in cellphones and other computer devices,as well as in LEDs,which are the types of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviours.such as migration(迁徙)patterns and habitat formation.Because of light pollution.sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their ways and often die.Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater artificial lighting.Studies show that the artificial light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible(可逆的)and each one of us can make a difference!Now,many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed and to close window blinds(百叶窗)or curtains at night to control artificial light. ( )1.What does the underlined word “havoc”in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Improvement. B.Fear. C.Management. D.Damage. ( )2.What is the author's attitude towards the control of light pollution? A.Uncertain. B.Doubtful. C.Worried. D.Hopeful. ( )3.According to the passage,which would the author agree with? A.Light pollution is the hardest type of pollution to solve. B.Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution. C.Artificial light influences the sense of direction of animals. D.LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency. 【答案】1-3 DDC 【语篇解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类过度使用灯光导致了光污染，对环境、人类和野生动物的健康产生负面影响，还影响动物的迁徙模式和栖息地形成，号召人们采取行动减少光污染，恢复自然夜空。 1.D 词义猜测题。根据“Artificial light can cause havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals.It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏).”可知，人造光会打断睡眠、扰乱生理节奏，由此可知人造光对自然生理节奏有严重破坏作用，画线单词应表示“严重破坏”。故选D。 2.D 观点态度题。根据“The good news is that light pollution is reversible(可逆的)and each one of us can make a difference!Now,many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky."可知，光污染是可逆的，现在很多人都在行动，所以作者对控制光污染持乐观态度。故选D。 3.C 推理判断题。根据“Because of light pollution.sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration lose their way and often die.”可知，由于光污染，依靠月光迁徙的海龟会迷路，因此作者赞同“人造光影响动物的方向感”的观点。故选C。 B If you search for places of beauty,wetlands probably won't be high on your list.Wetlands are areas of land that are often completely wet with water.Although they might not look very pretty,the roles that they play in nature might go beyond many people's imagination. Wetlands appear naturally in almost every part of the world.There are many different types of wetlands on Earth.Along with rainforests,they are among the most diverse(多样的)places on Earth.Besides natural wetlands, humans are also creating man-made ones for a number of purposes about water management. One of the main advantages of wetlands is that they can prevent floods.They do so by storing water for a certain time and then slowly releasing(释放)it over time.Wetlands operate similarly to a sponge(海绵).When it rains heavily and water levels rise,they take in the extra water which may cause floods.This prevents water from entering rivers and streams.Then,when water levels become low later,they will release it.In many cases,wetlands offer a much more natural way than dams(坝).However,it's important to note that wetlands,like dams,don't stop all dangers from flooding.Once there is a very heavy rainfall,wetlands may fill up and any extra water will start to run off. Wetlands also play a part in cleaning water.Farming actions and city waste are main causes of water pollution. Wetlands include plants and organisms that can reduce this pollution by clearing out unwanted things.Wetlands have other advantages for the environment as well.They can help to feed nearby fish populations by releasing something that can be used as food for them into rivers.Also,many animals like frogs use wetlands as baby-raising grounds because they provide the place for catching food and the water required.Some birds also come to the wetlands for food and shelter.Although wetlands may not look pretty,it's clear that they are able to do the important work which is necessary to make sure that the circle of life remains unbroken. ( )1.Why does the writer mention“sponge”in Paragraph 3? A.To explain the flood-preventing work of wetlands. B.To describe the sponge's feature of storing water. C.To show the wetlands can take in water quickly like a sponge. D.To compare the similar points between wetlands and a sponge. ( )2.What can we learn about wetlands from the passage? A.People create man-made wetlands to deal with water. B.People praise wetlands for natural beauty. C.Wetlands can solve the pollution problems. D.Wetlands can completely prevent the dangers caused by floods. ( )3.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.Wetlands—Circle of Life B.Wetlands—Home of Living Things C.Wetlands—Friend of Earth D.Wetlands—Cleaner of Environment 【答案】1-3 AAC 【语篇解析】本文主要介绍了湿地的重要作用，以及对维系生命循环的重要意义。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When it rains heavily...from entering rivers and streams."可知，当暴雨倾盆、水位上涨时，它们会吸纳多余的水分，从而避免洪水泛滥。这能防止水流人江河溪流。用海绵的例子来解释了湿地的防洪作用。故选A。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Besides natural wetlands,humans are also creating man-made ones fora number of purposes about water management."可知，除了天然湿地，人类还出于多种水资源管理的目的建造人工湿地。故选A。 3.C 最佳标题题。通读全文并根据“Although they might not look very pretty...”可知，文章强调了湿地的多个重要功能：防洪、净化水质、支撑生物生存以及维持生态循环，选项C“湿地——地球之友”符合题意。故选C。 C When Paul Jackson was a boy,he lived near an old copper smelter(冶炼厂)which polluted the environment seriously.A beautiful forest nearby was made into a wasteland.He vowed(发誓)that someday he would make the land green again. While at college,he chose botany(植物学).He met a professor who was an expert in ecology(生态学).He told Paul it would take about twenty thousand years to make that wasteland green again. Then Paul got married and had some kids.Bu this dream would not die.He kept thinking about it.One night he took some action.He sneaked out into the wasteland with a backpack full of seedlings and started planting.For seven hours,he planted the seedlings.Every week,he made his secret journey and did the same job,but most of them died.For fifteen years he did this. Once,when all his young trees burned to the ground because of a careless sheepherder,Paul broke down and cried.Then he got up and kept planting.Freezing winds and terrible heat,landslides and floods and fires destroyed (毁坏)his work time and time again.However,he kept planting. Very slowly,amazing things began to take place.Now the place is fourteen thousand acres of trees,grass and bushes.Many kinds of wildlife live here.Paul received many environmental awards.His hair turned white,but he managed to keep that impossible vow he made to himself as a child. Just keep working,no matter who criticizes you,no matter how long it takes,no matter how many times you fall. ( ) 1.What did Paul Jackson vow when he was a boy? A.To work at the copper smelter. B.To make the wasteland green again. C.To win an environmental award. D.To study the wildlife in the forest. ( ) 2.Which can best explain the underlined phrase“sneaked out”in Paragraph 3? A.Ran outside excitedly and rapidly. B.Invited others to go out together. C.Walked out quickly and noisily. D.Left secretly to avoid being noticed. ( ) 3.How did Paul react(反应)when his young trees burned to the ground? A.He gave up planting from then on. B.He built a wall to protect them. C.He cried but continued planting. D.He decided to plant different kinds of trees. ( ) 4.What was the result of Paul's long-term efforts? A.The wildlife all disappeared from the area. B.Paul became famous and moved to a big city. C.The area was turned into 14,000 acres of green land. D.All the trees he planted were destroyed by earthquakes. 【答案】1-4 BBCC 【语篇解析】本文主要介绍了保罗幼年目睹森林因铜冶炼厂污染沦为荒地，立誓要让土地重披绿装。 1.B 细节理解题。根据“A beautiful forest nearby would make the land green again."可知，附近的一片美丽森林变成了荒地。他发誓说，总有一天他会让这片土地重新变得绿意盎然。故选B。 2.D 词义猜测题。根据“Every week,he made his secret journey and did the same job”可知，每周，他都会进行这样的秘密行动，所以sneaked out应该是“偷偷溜走”的意思，故选D。 3.C 细节理解题。根据“...Paul broke down and cried.Then he got up and kept planting."可知，保罗情绪崩溃，哭了起来。随后他站起身来，继续播种。故选C。 4.C 细节理解题。根据“Now the place is fourteen thousand acres of trees,grass and bushes.”可知，如今这里已变成了一万四千英亩的树木、草地和灌木丛。故选C。 B)阅读短文，从短文后A至G七个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ocean's Gifts to Our Planet The ocean covers over 70% of the earth's surface and plays a very important role in keeping our planet alive. 1.____________Let's explore three key ways oceans help us live and grow. Climate Protectors Oceans act like earth's air conditioner.2.________Through a process called the“ocean conveyor(传送者)belt”, warm surface waters flow toward the poles while cold deep waters move toward the equator.This constant movement helps balance global temperatures.Without this system,many places would be too hot or too cold for life. Life Provider 3._____________Over 3 billion people depend on seafood as their main protein source. Moreover.tiny ocean plants called phytoplankton(浮游植物)produce over 50% of the world's oxygen—more than all rainforests combined!Imagine taking a breath right now;every second breath comes from the ocean. Transport Highway Long before airplanes,oceans were our first highways.4._____________Even today,about 90%of traded goods travel by sea.Shipping remains the most efficient way to move large quantities of products across continents(洲). Call for Protection 5.___________Plastic pollution,overfishing and rising temperatures are damaging oceanic ecosystems.By understanding the ocean's importance,we can take better actions to protect this blue heart of our planet. A.However,human activities now damage this balance. B.They take in 30% of carbon dioxide and 90% of excess(额外的)heat. C.Ancient sailors used stars to navigate these watery roads. D.Some scientists believe there are still undiscovered species(物种). E.Its benefits are from climate control to food supply. F.Rivers carry important nutrients(营养)to the ocean every day. G.The ocean serves as the world's largest pharmacy(药房)with many medicines. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【答案】1-5 EBFCA 【语篇解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海洋的重要性并呼吁大家保护海洋。 1.E 根据“The ocean covers over 70%of the earth's surface and plays a very important role in keeping our planet alive.”可知，海洋覆盖地球大部分表面且对维持地球生命至关重要，下文“Let's explore three key ways oceans help us live and grow.”又提到海洋帮助人类生存的三种关键方式。选项E“它的益处从气候调节到食物供应”既承接上文海洋的重要性，又引出下文具体的益处介绍，符合语境。故选E。 2.B 根据本段小标题“Climate Protectors”和上文“Oceans act like earth's air conditioner.”可知，本段围绕海洋作为“气候守护者”的作用而展开，需要具体说明海洋调节气候的表现。选项B“它们吸收30%的二氧化碳和90%的额外的热量”具体阐释了海洋像空调一样调节气候的原理，与前文“air conditioner”相呼应，符合语境。故选B。 3.F 根据本段小标题“Life Provider”可知，本段讲述海洋作为生命供给者的作用，下文提到人类依赖海鲜获取蛋白质，浮游植物能产生大量氧气。选项F“河流每天将重要的营养物质带入海洋”解释了海洋能孕育生命、提供食物和氧气的前提条件，为后文内容做铺垫，符合语境。故选F。 4.C 根据上文“Long before airplanes,oceans were our first highways.”可知，本段围绕海洋作为“运输通道”的历史展开，需要体现海洋作为早期航道的具体表现。选项C“古代水手利用星星在这些水路上航行”呼应前文“海洋是人类最早的航道”,展现了海洋在古代运输中的作用，符合语境。故选C。 5.A 根据本段小标题“Call for Protection”可知，本段旨在呼吁保护海洋，下文“Plastic pollution,overfishing and rising temperatures are damaging oceanic ecosystems.”指出人类活动对海洋生态的破坏。选项A“然而，人类活动如今正破坏这种平衡”通过转折引出海洋面临的危机，衔接后文的污染问题以及呼吁人们保护海洋，符合语境。故选A。 四、词语运用(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) A)选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。 nearly ，knowledge ，lead to， return ，store， solve When we learn,we 1 always meet small problems.These problems may 2 frustration if we don't deal with them properly.We can 3 useful notes in our notebooks for later review.To 4 these problems,we need to turn to books or teachers for help.In this way,we can build up rich 5 step by step,which will help us grow into better learners. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【答案】1.nearly 2.lead to 3.store 4.solve 5.knowledge 【语篇解析】本文主要讲述学习中会遇到难题，以及我们该如何处理难题、积累知识。 1.nearly 句意：在学习的时候，我们几乎总会遇到一些小问题。nearly 副词，几乎，修饰动词 meet。故填 nearly。 2.lead to 句意：如果处理不当，这些问题可能会导致挫败感。may 后接动词原形，lead to 表示导致。故填 lead to。 3.store 句意：我们可以把有用的笔记保存在笔记本里，方便之后复习。can 后接动词原形，store 表示储存、保存。故填 store。 4.solve 句意：为了解决这些问题，我们需要向书本或者老师求助。to 后接动词原形表目的，solve problems 解决问题。故填 solve。 5.knowledge 句意：这样，我们可以一步步积累丰富的知识，帮助我们成为更好的学习者。rich 修饰名词，knowledge 知识，不可数名词。故填 knowledge。 B)阅读短文，在文中空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Two heads are better than one.It means that two people working together have a 1 (good)chance of solving problems than one person.But not everyone likes working with others—especially when working in a group.There can be a number of reasons why people 2 (like)group work.Some may feel nervous or 3 (comfortable)in group situations.Others may have a bad experience with someone who doesn't work well as a team. In fact,cooperative(合作的)learning has become 4 wonderful method so far.It can help solve the problem and have 5 (far)study.It is very useful because it gives each person of the group a duty to achieve(实现)a shared goal.For example, 6 learners are divided into groups of four people.their roles may be leader, writer,checker and 7 (speak).This makes sure everyone takes part in the group work.It also allows each member 8 (play)a meaningful part in completing the shared goal.Besides.you can learn to listen to others when your team members 9 (talk).Of course,it's better to pay attention to explaining(解释)something clearly before the cooperative activity:the main job for the activity and how the cooperative roles work. 10 the cooperative learning method,we can say that four heads are better than just one. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【答案】1.better 2.dislike 3.uncomfortable 4.a 5.further 6.if/when 7.speaker 8.to play 9.are talking/talk 10.With 【语篇解析】本文主要解释谚语 “三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮”，介绍合作学习这种方式，说明合作学习的好处、分组分工模式以及合作学习的意义。 1.better 句意：它的意思是两个人一起合作，比一个人有更好的机会解决问题。根据后面的 than 可知此处要用形容词比较级，good 的比较级是 better。故填 better。 2.dislike 句意：人们不喜欢小组合作学习有很多原因。根据上文 “But not everyone likes working with others” 可知，此处表达不喜欢，like 的反义词 dislike。故填 dislike。 3.uncomfortable 句意：有些人在小组环境中会感到紧张或者不舒服。or 连接并列形容词，结合 nervous 可知是表达负面感受，comfortable 的反义词 uncomfortable。故填 uncomfortable。 4.a 句意：事实上，到目前为止合作学习已经成为一种很好的方式。method 是可数名词单数，wonderful 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。故填 a。 5.further 句意：它有助于解决问题，并且进行更深层次的学习。far 的比较级 further，表示进一步的、更深的，further study 深造、深入学习。故填 further。 6.if/when 句意：例如，如果 / 当学习者被分成四人小组时，他们的角色可以是组长、记录员、核查员和发言人。此处引导条件状语从句或者时间状语从句，if 如果，when 当…… 时，都符合语境。故填 if/when。 7.speaker 句意：例如，如果 / 当学习者被分成四人小组时，他们的角色可以是组长、记录员、核查员和发言人。和 leader、writer、checker 并列，都表示身份名词，speak 的名词 speaker 发言人。故填 speaker。 8.to play 句意：这也让每位成员在完成共同目标中发挥有意义的作用。固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。故填 to play。 9.are talking/talk 句意：此外，当你的组员在发言时，你可以学会倾听别人。when 引导时间状语从句，可以用一般现在时 talk，也可以用现在进行时 are talking 强调正在交谈。故填 are talking/talk。 10.With 句意：有了合作学习这种方法，我们可以说，四个脑袋胜过一个脑袋。with 表示 “有，借助”，with the method 借助这种方法，句首首字母大写。故填 With。 五、阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题，注意：每题答案不超过6个词。 (共5小题；每小题2分，计10分) Thousands of years ago,in the south of China,there lived Shennong,a man who had an ox(牛)head and a human body.Seeing that the local people were often ill,he put hundreds of medical plants in the houses on a high mountain for them.To remember him,people named the place Shennongjia. The legend(传说)makes Shennongjia in Hubei an inviting place for tourists.Travelling there is a special experience,as you can see sights of the four seasons.When the bottom of the mountain is summer,the top is spring and while it is cool in the foothills,the top is covered with ice.Another interesting thing about Shennongjia is the legend of wild men.Some people once said that they saw big footprints of wild men. Shennongjia is also home to about 4,500 kinds of animals and plants.Many animals are in danger,such as the golden monkey,the clouded leopard and the Asian black bear. On 17 July 2016,Shennongjia Forestry District was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural site(遗址). 1.How did Shennong help the sick local people? 2.What makes Shennongjia an inviting place for tourists according to the passage? 3.How many seasons can you experience when visiting Shennongjia? 4.How many kinds of animals and plants live in Shennongjia? 5.When was Shennongjia Forestry District added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural site? 【答案】 1.He stored medical plants for them. 2.The legend of Shennong. 3.Four seasons. 4.4,500 kinds. 5.On 17 July,2016. 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍神农架名字的由来、神农架独特的景色、野人的传说、丰富的动植物资源以及它被列入联合国教科文组织世界自然遗产名录的相关信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据 “Seeing that the local people were often ill,he put hundreds of medical plants in the houses on a high mountain for them.” 可知，神农为当地生病的人们在高山上的房屋里放置了数百种药用植物。 2. 细节理解题。根据 “The legend makes Shennongjia in Hubei an inviting place for tourists.” 可知，神农的传说让神农架成为吸引游客的地方。 3. 细节理解题。根据 “Travelling there is a special experience,as you can see sights of the four seasons.” 可知，游览神农架你可以体验四个季节。 4. 细节理解题。根据 “Shennongjia is also home to about 4,500 kinds of animals and plants.” 可知，大约 4500 种动植物生活在神农架。 5. 细节理解题。根据 “On 17 July 2016,Shennongjia Forestry District was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural site.” 可知，神农架林区在 2016 年 7 月 17 日被列入联合国教科文组织世界自然遗产名录。 六、书面表达(共20分) Teens' Talk Magazine向中学生征集有关“环保”话题的投稿。假设你是李华，请以“Protecting the Ocean”为题，从海洋的重要性、它面临的问题以及如何保护海洋方面撰写一篇文章，呼吁人们保护海洋。 The importance... → The problems... → The action... 注意事项： 1.短文内容须自拟，要求语句通顺，意思连贯，符合题意； 2.词数70左右，文章开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数； 3.文中不得使用真实的个人姓名和学校名称。 Protecting the Ocean The ocean is of great importance. Let's work together to protect the ocean! One possible version: Protecting the Ocean The ocean is of great importance.It provides us with food and helps control the climate.It is also home to many amazing animals and plants.However,the ocean is facing serious problems,Plastic waste pollutes the water and harms sea life.Overfishing makes some fish disappear. We must take action to protect it.We should stop throwing rubbish into the sea and use less plastic.We can also join beach clean-up activities.Everyone can do something to help. Let's work together to protect the ocean! 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $