Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 1 Reading and Thinking A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 一、单词拼写　根据所给汉语或中英文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. I don’t ________ (同意) to the view that money is everything. 【答案】subscribe 【解析】句意：我不认同金钱至上这一观点。表示 “同意”，用subscribe to，为固定短语，位于助动词don’t后面，使用动词原形。 2. He was the main ________ (嫌疑犯) in the robbery case. 【答案】suspect 【解析】句意：他是这起抢劫案的主要嫌疑犯。“嫌疑犯”为名词suspect，由the和句意可知，此处指他这一个嫌疑犯，用单数作表语。 3. Regular exercise can help ________ (减少) stress during the busy holiday season. 【答案】decrease 【解析】考查动词。句意：规律运动有助于在繁忙的假日季缓解压力。根据汉语提示可知用动词decrease，且上文为短语help (to) do sth.。故填decrease。 4. In that fancy restaurant, Mr. Bean was very upset because he didn’t know the dish he ordered was ________ (生的) meat. 【答案】raw 【解析】句意：在那家高档餐厅里，憨豆先生很沮丧，因为他不知道自己点的菜是生肉。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词raw“生的、未煮熟的”作定语修饰meat，满足句意要求。 5. The best prevention for ________ (霍乱) is to boil or filter water, and eat only well-cooked food. 【答案】cholera 【解析】考查名词。句意：预防霍乱的最佳方法是将水煮沸或进行过滤处理，并且只食用彻底煮熟的食物。根据汉语提示和空格前的介词for可知，空格处应该用名词cholera作宾语。故填 cholera。 6. The police have been ordered to pay ________ (巨大) damages to the families of the two dead boys. 【答案】substantial 【解析】考查形容词。句意：警方被要求向两名遇难男孩的家属支付巨额赔偿金。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词damages，根据提示的汉语，表示“巨大”应为substantial。故填substantial。 7. But then he put them under a _________ (显微镜) and noticed that each of these shells had a tiny hole in its lip. 【答案】microscope 【解析】考查名词。句意：但随后他把它们放在显微镜下，注意到每个贝壳的边缘都有一个小孔。根据汉语提示“显微镜”可知，对应的名词是microscope；空前有不定冠词“a”，所以空处应填可数名词单数形式microscope。故填microscope。 8. He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage the______(爆发) effectively. 【答案】outbreak 【解析】考查名词。句意：他乐观地认为他的政府能够有效地应对这次爆发。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词outbreak，作manage的宾语。故填outbreak。 9. Her attitude to the party is ________ (相互矛盾的) . She said she liked it but she refused to attend it. 【答案】contradictory 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她对这个派对的态度是相互矛盾的。她说自己喜欢它，但却拒绝参加。根据汉语提示“相互矛盾的”，此处应填形容词contradictory，作表语，故填contradictory。 10. We need p________ (纯净的) water for crop experiments. 【答案】pure 【解析】句意：我们需要纯净水来进行作物实验。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰water，由首字母提示p可知，“纯净的”的形容词是pure。 二、单项选择　从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I never doubt ________ genuine kindness can make a profound difference in someone's life. A. whether B. when C. that D. how 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我始终坚信，真正的善良能够对一个人的生活产生深远的影响。引导宾语从句，从句成分齐全、句意完整，故用that引导。故选C。 2. Miss Green took up the story at the point ________ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A. where B. which C. as D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：格林小姐接着讲这个故事，从窃贼刚带着珠宝逃跑的那个情节讲起。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词point为抽象地点名词，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导。 3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：幸福与成功常常降临到那些善于认识自身长处的人身上。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who。 4. A Brief History of Time ________ in 1988 and has been translated into more than 40 languages ever since. A. has published B. is published C. was published D. published 【答案】C 【解析】句意：《时间简史》于1988年出版，从那以后被翻译成了40多种语言。主语“A Brief History of Time(《时间简史》)”与谓语动词“publish(出版)”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据句中的时间状语“in 1988(在1988年)”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。 5. The fact is ________ many farmers are in great need of technical support. A. what B. whether C. that D. if 【答案】C 【解析】句意：事实是很多农民急需技术支持。此处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that引导表语从句，只起连接作用，无词义，不作成分，不能省略。 三、完成句子　根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. He has serious brain damage ________. 他由于一场意外事故大脑严重受损。 【答案】as a result of an accident 【解析】考查介词短语和名词。“由于”常见表达为as a result of，后接名词、代词或动名词等，“一场意外事故”表达为an accident，所以“由于一场意外事故”译为as a result of an accident，在此句中作原因状语，故填as a result of an accident。 2. 我们必须彻底解决这个长期存在的问题，避免它再次影响项目进度。 We have to solve this long-standing problem ________________________ to prevent it from affecting the project progress again. 【答案】once and for all 【解析】考查固定短语。根据句子和句意，空处应表示“彻底地”，固定短语once and for all表示“彻底地”，作状语修饰动词solve，符合句子和句意。故填once and for all。 3. 政府当局不再同意残疾人不适合当教师的观点。 The authorities no longer _________ _________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. 【答案】① subscribe    ② to 【解析】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“同意”，可用动词短语subscribe to，句子应该是描述当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，主语The authorities为复数，subscribe保持原形。故填subscribe to。 4. 在那种情况下，我非常怀疑他在对我撒谎。（一句多译） （1）In that case I strongly _______ . (suspect sb. of) （2）In that case I strongly _______ . (suspect that…) 【答案】① suspected him of lying to me    ② suspected that he was lying to me 【解析】考查动词短语和宾语从句。句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，表示“怀疑某人做某事”可使用suspect sb of doing sth，“对某人撒谎”使用动词短语lie to sb，故第一空填suspected him of lying to me；“他在对我撒谎”也可译为一个宾语从句，作suspect的宾语，表示过去正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，译为he was lying to me，结构、意义完整，使用that引导。故填①suspected him of lying to me②suspected that he was lying to me。 5. The cholera threat was defeated ________ (多亏) the work of John Snow. 【答案】thanks to 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：多亏了约翰·斯诺的努力，霍乱的威胁才被消除。根据汉语提示“多亏”可知，空处需填固定短语“thanks to”，该短语后接名词或名词短语，用于引出积极结果的原因。故填thanks to。 6. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always ________ (调查) things first and consider our options. 【答案】look into / investigate 【解析】考查固定表达。句意：虽然我们无需因新情况而退缩，但我们应该始终先进行调查，然后考虑我们的选择。空前有情态动词should，空里要用动词原形，根据提示的汉语，表示“调查”为固定短语look into或动词investigate。故填look into/investigate。 7. Forty thousand children a day ________ (死于) preventable diseases. 【答案】die from 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：每天有四万名儿童死于可预防的疾病。根据汉语提示可知短语为die from，根据上文Forty thousand children a day可知为一般现在时，谓语用原形。故填die from。 8. The difficulty lies in ________(我们能否及时给伤者提供专业救助). 【答案】whether we can offer professional aid to patients in time 【解析】空处译为whether“是否”引导的宾语从句，“能”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“及时”使用介词短语in time，“给伤者提供专业救助”译为offer professional aid to patients，结合lies可知使用一般现在时。 9. It is acknowledged that ______________(及时急救可以降低感染风险). (it作形式主语的主语从句) 【答案】timely first aid can reduce the risk of infection 【解析】句意：人们普遍认为，及时采取急救措施能够降低感染风险。It是形式主语，主语从句的连词that已给出，从句主语“及时急救”使用名词短语timely first aid；“可以降低”使用情态动词can和动词原形reduce作谓语；宾语部分“感染风险”使用名词the risk of infection。 10. ________ ________ (总的来说), doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. 【答案】① In    ② general 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：总的来说，当时医生们对于霍乱是如何传播的有两种相互矛盾的解释理论。根据汉语提示可知短语为in general，首字母大写。故填In general。 四、翻译　把下列句子或词组译成英语。 1. 正是因为他怀疑水泵是污染源，他才拯救了许多生命。(the reason why...) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The reason why he saved many lives was that he suspected the water pump was to blame. 【解析】句子描述过去发生的事实，用一般过去时；表示“……的原因是……”用固定句型：The reason why+定语从句+was that+表语从句。why引导的定语从句表示“他拯救了许多生命”用he saved many lives；表示“他怀疑水泵是污染源”用含有宾语从句的主从复合句，表示“怀疑”用suspected，表示“水泵是污染源”用the water pump was to blame。 2. 正视自身的缺点并及时改正，是个人成长与进步的关键所在。（face up to）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Facing up to your own shortcomings and correcting them in time is the key to personal growth and progress. 【解析】本句为主系表结构，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时；“正视自身的缺点并及时改正”为主语，“正视”及“改正”都是动词，因此应用动名词短语作主语。根据提示，“正视”用Facing up to表示，在句首时，首字母大写，其中to为介词,后应接“自身的缺点”为介词宾语，译为your own shortcomings。“及时改正”译为动名词短语correcting them in time，其中them指代shortcomings，in time为“及时”之意。这两个并列的动名词短语用and连接，作主语。“是……的关键所在”为系表结构，译为is the key to…，其中to为介词；“个人成长与进步”译为personal growth and progress，为名词短语作介词宾语。整合全句为Facing up to your own shortcomings and correcting them in time is the key to personal growth and progress. 3. 毫无疑问，那位计算出错的高级工程师应为系统故障负责。（blame）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no doubt that the senior engineer who made a mistake in the calculation is to blame for the system failure. 【解析】考查固定句型、定语从句与固定搭配。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“毫无疑问”用同位语从句句型There is no doubt that...，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容；“那位计算出错的高级工程师”中，“计算出错的”描述的是过去的事实，用定语从句who made a mistake in the calculation修饰先行词the senior engineer，who在从句中作主语；“应为……负责”用固定搭配be to blame for，该短语用主动形式表达被动含义；“系统故障”用名词短语the system failure。故翻译为There is no doubt that the senior engineer who made a mistake in the calculation is to blame for the system failure. 4. 似乎习惯早起的学生成绩最好。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】It seems that those students who are early birds get the best grades. 【解析】考查it作形式主语。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，“似乎”使用固定句型it seems that，其中it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，从句主语“学生”those students，名词使用复数形式表示泛指，先行词指人，后接定语从句“习惯早起的”who are early birds，其中who引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，“成绩最好”译为get the best grades，that从句中主语students是复数，谓语动词应用原形形式。故翻译为It seems that those students who are early birds get the best grades. 五、选词填空　用方框中所给词语填空，每词限用一次，必要时改变词形。 A篇 A. blame     B. infection       C. severe       D. proof       E. multiple   F. intervention In the early 19th century, when a ______1______ cholera hit Europe, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera was caused by an ______2______ from germs in food or water but he needed ______3______. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. As a result, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water was to ______4______. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this ______5______, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 【答案】1. C     2. B     3. D     4. A     5. F      【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述约翰·斯诺解决霍乱问题的故事。 1. 考查形容词。句意：19世纪初，当一场严重的霍乱袭击欧洲时，约翰·斯诺感到沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作定语，意为“严重的”，severe是形容词，符合句意。故选C。 2. 考查名词。句意：斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中细菌感染引起的理论，但他需要证据。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语，意为“感染”，infection是名词，符合句意。故选B。 3. 考查名词。句意：见第2题。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语，意为“证据”，proof是名词，符合句意。故选D。 4. 考查动词。句意：因此，约翰·斯诺能够宣布水泵是罪魁祸首。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词，和前面的to构成动词不定式短语，作表语，意为“责备”，blame是动词，符合句意。故选A。 5. 考查名词。句意：通过这种干预措施，疾病得以遏制。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语，意为“干预”，intervention是名词，符合句意。故选F。 B篇 severe, break out, blame, suspect, cast a shadow, thanks to, once and for all As we all know, cholera is a ______1______ disease which once ______2______ over people all over the world every time it ______3______. At first, people ______4______ it was due to bad air. ______5______ John Snow, the truth was found out that the polluted water was ______6______. Since the cause was known, cholera was defeated ______7______. 【答案】1. severe     2. cast a shadow     3. broke out     4. suspected     5. Thanks to     6. to blame     7. once and for all      【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章简介了霍乱这个疾病。 1. 考查形容词。句意：众所周知，霍乱是一种严重的疾病，它的每次爆发都给世界各地的人们投下阴影。根据句子结构可知，设空处在名词disease前，应用形容词severe做前置定语，意为“极为恶劣的，十分严重的”。故填severe。 2. 考查动词短语及时态。句意：众所周知，霍乱是一种严重的疾病，它的每次爆发都给世界各地的人们投下阴影。根据句子结构可知，设空处应用动词短语cast a shadow，意为“投下阴影”，作限定性定语从句中的谓语动词；时间副词once，意为“曾经，一度”，可确定设空处为一般过去时态；cast的过去式为cast。故填cast a shadow。 3. 考查动词短语和时态。句意：众所周知，霍乱是一种严重的疾病，它的每次爆发都给世界各地的人们投下阴影。根据句子结构可知，设空处应用break out，意为“爆发”，在every time引导的时间状语从句中作谓语；时间状语从句隶属于定语从句，定语从句为一般过去时态，故状语从句也是一般过去时态，故填broke out。　　　　　　. 4. 考查动词和时态。句意：起初，人们怀疑这是由于糟糕的空气。设空处应用动词suspect，意为“猜想，怀疑”；作句子谓语动词；根据上下文，应用一般过去时态。故填suspected。 5. 考查固定短语。句意：多亏了约翰·斯诺，真相才被发现，水污染是罪魁祸首。设空处应用thanks to，意为“由于，幸亏”，作原因状语，修饰整个句子；设空处在句首，thank首字母要大写。故填Thanks to。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏了约翰·斯诺，真相才被发现，水污染是罪魁祸首。设空处在系动词was之后，作表语；此处涉及固定动词搭配be to blame，意为“该受责备，应承担责任”，动词不定式主动表被动。故填to blame。 7. 考查副词短语。句意：由于霍乱的起因被知道了，霍乱就被彻底打败了。设空处应填副词短语once and for all，意为“一劳永逸地，彻底地，最后一次”，作方式状语。故填once and for all。 六、阅读理解　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A篇 Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.        The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.        For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.        Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.         Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story. 1. What proved lightning was a form of electricity? A. Lightning touching the kite in a heavy storm. B. The metal key conducting electricity down to the ground. C. Franklin flying a kite during a thunderstorm and seeing flashes. D. Franklin getting an electric shock from the key. 2. What can we infer about scientists from the text? A. They doubt old statements with logical evidence. B. They refuse to accept any accepted ideas. C. They were worried about Franklin's safety during the experiment. D. They firmly believe Franklin’s experiment is a fiction. 3. Why does the story of Franklin’s kite experiment continue to inspire people? A. It proves that scientific experiments are always dangerous. B. It provides a perfect example of how to conduct experiments. C. It reminds people to be brave and never give up. D. It shows Franklin’s courage and scientific curiosity. 4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. The details of Franklin’s experiment are not fully true. B. Franklin’s experiment was very dangerous. C. Scientists have different ideas about electricity. D. Franklin’s experiment itself has been proved to have taken place. 5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce Franklin and his famous experiment. B. To give suggestions on how to establish the truth in experiment. C. To encourage people to question accepted ideas and seek the truth. D. To inform us that we should not believe what we read or hear. 【答案】1. D     2. A     3. D     4. A     5. C      【解析】本文指出富兰克林风筝实验的流传细节并非完全属实，同时列举科学家质疑经典典故的事例，呼吁人们秉持科学精神，敢于质疑、探求真相。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity. (随后富兰克林用手指触碰钥匙，遭到了电击。他称这就证明了闪电是一种电。)”可知，富兰克林被钥匙电击这一过程被用来证明闪电属于电的一种形式。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. (但所有科学家都一致认为，倘若富兰克林真的触碰了那把钥匙，他一定会触电身亡。)”以及第五段“Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. (科学家常常质疑公认的说法，只为还原事实真相。)”可知，科学家会依托逻辑依据去质疑旧有说法。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. (一代又一代的学生都惊叹于他的勇气以及他探求真理的科学态度。)”和最后一段“People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. (相较于事实本身，人们更多是被富兰克林的科学探索精神所鼓舞。)”可知，这个故事之所以一直激励世人，是因为它展现出富兰克林的勇气与求知欲。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. (然而，这个故事以及实验的细节并非完全属实。)”结合本段后文内容可知，第四段主要讲述富兰克林风筝实验的相关细节并不完全真实。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story. (但在科学领域，事实必须经由实验和研究证实，我们不应一味相信所见所闻，即便那是一个精彩的故事。)”可知，作者写作本文的目的是鼓励人们质疑固有观点、主动探寻真相。 B篇 Doctors struggle to predict who will have a heart attack. Could AI help? Now many companies are applying AI algorithms to screen millions of CT scans for early signs of heart disease. This technology could be a breakthrough for public health, but it remains unproven broadly while raising tricky questions about application and even how we define disease. Coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker for heart attack risk, and testing for CAC remains an underused method of predicting heart attack risk. CAC scans were believed to have a big benefit and were marketed to the worried well. Attitudes, though, may be shifting. More expert groups are supporting CAC scores as a way to improve heart attack risk estimates and persuade doubtful patients to start taking a specific type of pill The promise of AI-derived CAC scores is part of a broader trend toward mining treasures of medical data to spot otherwise undetected disease. But while it seems promising, the practice raises plenty of questions. For example, CAC scores haven’t proved useful as an effective instrument for universal screening. A 2022 Danish study evaluating a population-based program, for example, showed no benefit in death rates for patients who had experienced CAC screening tests. If AI delivered this information automatically, would the calculation really change? And with widespread adoption, abnormal CAC scores will become common. Who follows up on these findings? “Many health systems aren’t yet set up to act on incidental risk findings at scale,” says Nishith Khandwala, the cofounder of Bunkerville Health. “Without a standard procedure for doing so”, he says, “you risk creating more work than value.” There’s also the question of whether these AI-created scores would actually improve patient care. For patients with symptoms, a CAC score of zero may offer a false sense of security. For asymptomatic patients with a high CAC score, the next steps remain uncertain. In both cases, the normal pattern of diagnosis (诊断) — in which doctors and patients purposely test to figure out what’s causing a specific problem — was completely disturbed. But, as Adam Rodman, who pays special attention to the problems in the application of AI in disease diagnosis, notes that incident diseases were still found by humans reviewing the scans. Now, he says, “we are entering an era of ‘machine-based disease classification’, where algorithms define diseases on their own terms.” As machines make more diagnoses, they may catch things we miss. However, holding the pen as they switch between patients and algorithmic outputs — doctors still matter. 1. What can we learn about AI-created CAC scores? A. They can replace doctors in the process of heart disease diagnosis. B. They may bring new challenges to the traditional pattern of medical diagnosis. C. They have already been fully used in the existing health systems worldwide. D. They have been widely proven to reduce the death rate of heart disease patients. 2. How does the author develop the passage? A. By giving global official data and trends. B. By presenting problems and expert opinions. C. By listing benefits and methods of AI-CAC scores. D. By comparing AI screening with traditional methods. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward AI-based CAC scores in heart disease screening? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Cautious. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. B     2. B     3. C      【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人工智能在心脏疾病筛查中的应用，尤其是通过AI算法生成冠状动脉钙化（CAC）评分的潜力与面临的问题，同时分析了其对传统医疗诊断模式的挑战。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In both cases, the normal pattern of diagnosis — in which doctors and patients purposely test to figure out what’s causing a specific problem — was completely disturbed.(在这两种情况下，医生和患者通过针对性检查来明确病因的常规诊断模式都被彻底打乱了。) ”可知，AI生成的CAC评分可能给传统医疗诊断模式带来新的挑战。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“But while it seems promising, the practice raises plenty of questions. For example, CAC scores haven’t proved useful as an effective instrument for universal screening.(但尽管前景广阔，这一做法也引发了诸多问题。例如，CAC评分尚未被证明是全人群筛查的有效工具。)”、第三段“‘Many health systems aren’t yet set up to act on incidental risk findings at scale,’ says Nishith Khandwala, the cofounder of Bunkerville Health.(‘许多卫生系统尚未准备好大规模应对偶然发现的风险。’Bunkerville Health公司的联合创始人Nishith Khandwala说道。)”以及第四段“But, as Adam Rodman, who pays special attention to the problems in the application of AI in disease diagnosis, notes that incident diseases were still found by humans reviewing the scans.(但正如专门关注人工智能在疾病诊断应用中存在的问题的Adam Rodman所指出的，偶然发现的疾病仍然需要依靠人工复查影像才能确认。)” 可知，作者通过提出问题并引用专家观点来推进论述。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“This technology could be a breakthrough for public health, but it remains unproven broadly while raising tricky questions about application and even how we define disease.(这项技术或许能成为公共卫生领域的一项突破，但它尚未得到广泛验证，同时还引发了关于应用方式，甚至我们如何定义疾病的棘手问题。)”以及第四段“However, holding the pen as they switch between patients and algorithmic outputs — doctors still matter.(然而，在患者与算法结果之间进行决策时，最终的决定权仍在医生手中——医生依然至关重要。)”可知，作者既肯定了AI的潜力，也客观分析了其问题，整体态度是谨慎的。故选C。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 1 Reading and Thinking A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 一、单词拼写　根据所给汉语或中英文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. I don’t ________ (同意) to the view that money is everything. 2. He was the main ________ (嫌疑犯) in the robbery case. 3. Regular exercise can help ________ (减少) stress during the busy holiday season. 4. In that fancy restaurant, Mr. Bean was very upset because he didn’t know the dish he ordered was ________ (生的) meat. 5. The best prevention for ________ (霍乱) is to boil or filter water, and eat only well-cooked food. 6. The police have been ordered to pay ________ (巨大) damages to the families of the two dead boys. 7. But then he put them under a _________ (显微镜) and noticed that each of these shells had a tiny hole in its lip. 8. He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage the______(爆发) effectively. 9. Her attitude to the party is ________ (相互矛盾的) . She said she liked it but she refused to attend it. 10. We need p________ (纯净的) water for crop experiments. 二、单项选择　从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I never doubt ________ genuine kindness can make a profound difference in someone's life. A. whether B. when C. that D. how 2. Miss Green took up the story at the point ________ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A. where B. which C. as D. when 3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which 4. A Brief History of Time ________ in 1988 and has been translated into more than 40 languages ever since. A. has published B. is published C. was published D. published 5. The fact is ________ many farmers are in great need of technical support. A. what B. whether C. that D. if 三、完成句子　根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. He has serious brain damage ________. 他由于一场意外事故大脑严重受损。 2. 我们必须彻底解决这个长期存在的问题，避免它再次影响项目进度。 We have to solve this long-standing problem ________________________ to prevent it from affecting the project progress again. 3. 政府当局不再同意残疾人不适合当教师的观点。 The authorities no longer _________ _________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. 4. 在那种情况下，我非常怀疑他在对我撒谎。（一句多译） （1）In that case I strongly _______ . (suspect sb. of) （2）In that case I strongly _______ . (suspect that…) 5. The cholera threat was defeated ________ (多亏) the work of John Snow. 6. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always ________ (调查) things first and consider our options. 7. Forty thousand children a day ________ (死于) preventable diseases. 8. The difficulty lies in ________(我们能否及时给伤者提供专业救助). 9. It is acknowledged that ______________(及时急救可以降低感染风险). (it作形式主语的主语从句) 10. ________ ________ (总的来说), doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. 四、翻译　把下列句子或词组译成英语。 1. 正是因为他怀疑水泵是污染源，他才拯救了许多生命。(the reason why...) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正视自身的缺点并及时改正，是个人成长与进步的关键所在。（face up to）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 3. 毫无疑问，那位计算出错的高级工程师应为系统故障负责。（blame）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 4. 似乎习惯早起的学生成绩最好。(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________ 五、选词填空　用方框中所给词语填空，每词限用一次，必要时改变词形。 A篇 A. blame     B. infection       C. severe       D. proof       E. multiple   F. intervention In the early 19th century, when a ______1______ cholera hit Europe, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera was caused by an ______2______ from germs in food or water but he needed ______3______. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. As a result, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water was to ______4______. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this ______5______, the disease was stopped in its tracks. B篇 severe, break out, blame, suspect, cast a shadow, thanks to, once and for all As we all know, cholera is a ______1______ disease which once ______2______ over people all over the world every time it ______3______. At first, people ______4______ it was due to bad air. ______5______ John Snow, the truth was found out that the polluted water was ______6______. Since the cause was known, cholera was defeated ______7______. 六、阅读理解　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A篇 Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.        The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.        For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.        Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.         Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story. 1. What proved lightning was a form of electricity? A. Lightning touching the kite in a heavy storm. B. The metal key conducting electricity down to the ground. C. Franklin flying a kite during a thunderstorm and seeing flashes. D. Franklin getting an electric shock from the key. 2. What can we infer about scientists from the text? A. They doubt old statements with logical evidence. B. They refuse to accept any accepted ideas. C. They were worried about Franklin's safety during the experiment. D. They firmly believe Franklin’s experiment is a fiction. 3. Why does the story of Franklin’s kite experiment continue to inspire people? A. It proves that scientific experiments are always dangerous. B. It provides a perfect example of how to conduct experiments. C. It reminds people to be brave and never give up. D. It shows Franklin’s courage and scientific curiosity. 4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. The details of Franklin’s experiment are not fully true. B. Franklin’s experiment was very dangerous. C. Scientists have different ideas about electricity. D. Franklin’s experiment itself has been proved to have taken place. 5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce Franklin and his famous experiment. B. To give suggestions on how to establish the truth in experiment. C. To encourage people to question accepted ideas and seek the truth. D. To inform us that we should not believe what we read or hear. B篇 Doctors struggle to predict who will have a heart attack. Could AI help? Now many companies are applying AI algorithms to screen millions of CT scans for early signs of heart disease. This technology could be a breakthrough for public health, but it remains unproven broadly while raising tricky questions about application and even how we define disease. Coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker for heart attack risk, and testing for CAC remains an underused method of predicting heart attack risk. CAC scans were believed to have a big benefit and were marketed to the worried well. Attitudes, though, may be shifting. More expert groups are supporting CAC scores as a way to improve heart attack risk estimates and persuade doubtful patients to start taking a specific type of pill The promise of AI-derived CAC scores is part of a broader trend toward mining treasures of medical data to spot otherwise undetected disease. But while it seems promising, the practice raises plenty of questions. For example, CAC scores haven’t proved useful as an effective instrument for universal screening. A 2022 Danish study evaluating a population-based program, for example, showed no benefit in death rates for patients who had experienced CAC screening tests. If AI delivered this information automatically, would the calculation really change? And with widespread adoption, abnormal CAC scores will become common. Who follows up on these findings? “Many health systems aren’t yet set up to act on incidental risk findings at scale,” says Nishith Khandwala, the cofounder of Bunkerville Health. “Without a standard procedure for doing so”, he says, “you risk creating more work than value.” There’s also the question of whether these AI-created scores would actually improve patient care. For patients with symptoms, a CAC score of zero may offer a false sense of security. For asymptomatic patients with a high CAC score, the next steps remain uncertain. In both cases, the normal pattern of diagnosis (诊断) — in which doctors and patients purposely test to figure out what’s causing a specific problem — was completely disturbed. But, as Adam Rodman, who pays special attention to the problems in the application of AI in disease diagnosis, notes that incident diseases were still found by humans reviewing the scans. Now, he says, “we are entering an era of ‘machine-based disease classification’, where algorithms define diseases on their own terms.” As machines make more diagnoses, they may catch things we miss. However, holding the pen as they switch between patients and algorithmic outputs — doctors still matter. 1. What can we learn about AI-created CAC scores? A. They can replace doctors in the process of heart disease diagnosis. B. They may bring new challenges to the traditional pattern of medical diagnosis. C. They have already been fully used in the existing health systems worldwide. D. They have been widely proven to reduce the death rate of heart disease patients. 2. How does the author develop the passage? A. By giving global official data and trends. B. By presenting problems and expert opinions. C. By listing benefits and methods of AI-CAC scores. D. By comparing AI screening with traditional methods. 3. What is the author’s attitude toward AI-based CAC scores in heart disease screening? A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Cautious. D. Doubtful. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $