Unit 5 Power of Ideas 单元复习讲义2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

人教版英语九年级上册 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 单元复习讲义 人教版英语九年级上册 Unit 5 单元复习 Power of Ideas　第五单元（答案版） 教材版本：人教版　　适用年级：九年级上册　　单元：Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一、重点短语 1．被用来做　be used for / be used to do 2．与……相连　be connected to ... 3．数百种；许多　hundreds of ... 4．由……制成（看得出原料）　be made of ... 5．由……制成（看不出原料）　be made from ... 6．应当；应该　be supposed to do sth. 7．高速列车　high-speed train 8．3D 打印机　3D printer 9．在 20 世纪 90 年代　in the 1990s 10．全世界　all over the world 11．对……有很大影响　have a big effect on ... 12．依靠；取决于　depend on ... 13．后来；其后　later on 14．加速　speed up 15．造成；导致　result in ... 16．导致；造成　lead to ... 17．是……的原因；对……负责　be responsible for ... 18．使某人惊讶的是　to sb.'s surprise 19．把……变成现实　turn ... into reality 20．试图找到做某事的方法　be looking to do sth. 21．进行（试验、测试）　carry out 22．解决……的问题　solve the problem of ... 23．把……加到……上　add ... to ... 24．实现　come true 二、核心知识解析 【知识点1】Super See is a pair of sunglasses designed to protect people's eyes. Super See 是一副为保护眼睛而设计的墨镜。 教材P42 be designed to do sth. 意为“被设计用来做某事”，to 后接动词原形；design 也可作名词，意为“设计；图案”。 结构 含义 例句 be designed to do sth. 被设计用来做某事 The glasses are designed to protect people's eyes. be designed for sb. / sth. 为……而设计 Smart Cook is designed for busy families. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 A mini-camera is used to help with reading. be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事 The machine is used for cooking. ◆ a pair of sunglasses 作主语时视为单数，谓语用 is；a pair of shoes / glasses 同理。 提示：× a pair of sunglasses are designed ...　√ a pair of sunglasses is designed ... 【知识点2】Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. 玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房子，都可以由这台 3D 打印机制作出来。 教材P43 含情态动词的被动语态是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be 不能省，也不能随人称变化。 结构 含义 例句 be made by + 人 / 机器 由……制作（强调制作者） These toys can be made by the 3D printer. be made of + 材料 由……制成（看得出原料） The desk is made of wood. be made from + 材料 由……制成（看不出原料） Paper is made from wood. be made into + 成品 被制成…… Wood can be made into paper. ◆ 本句主语较长（四项并列），谓语仍用 can all be made，all 放在情态动词之后、be 之前。 提示：× Toys can made by the printer.　√ Toys can be made by the printer. 【知识点3】Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. 在收音机被发明之前，信息传播得非常慢。 教材P44 本句用一般过去时的被动语态 was invented，因为主语 the radio 是动作的承受者；before 引导时间状语从句，从句动作后发生。 词 词性 例句 invent v. 发明 Who invented the radio? invention n. 发明（物） The radio was an important invention. inventor n. 发明者 Marconi was the inventor of the radio. inventive adj. 有创造力的 She is an inventive designer. ◆ 注意 invent（发明原本不存在的东西）与 discover（发现原本存在的东西）的区别：Edison invented the light bulb, but Columbus discovered America. 提示：× The radio invented in 1895.　√ The radio was invented in 1895. 【知识点4】The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 电话是贝尔在 1876 年发明的。 教材P45·语法 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，be 随时态和人称变化。主动句变被动句分三步：宾语提前作主语 → 谓语改成 be + 过去分词 → 原主语前加 by（不重要时可省略）。 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are + 过去分词 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 一般过去时 was / were + 过去分词 The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Hundreds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook. It is believed that ... 固定句型，意为“人们认为……” It is believed that the wheel was found in Eastern Europe. ◆ 双宾语句子变被动时，多把“人”提前作主语：Someone gave him a book. → He was given a book. 提示：× The telephone invented by Bell.　√ The telephone was invented by Bell. 【知识点5】All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. 所有这些都依赖一项发明——造纸术。 教材P46 depend on 意为“依靠；取决于”，on 不能省略；破折号后的 papermaking 是 one invention 的同位语，起解释作用。 短语 含义 例句 depend on 依靠；取决于 Whether we go depends on the weather. be responsible for 是……的原因；对……负责 Papermaking was responsible for the rapid spread of information. more than any other + 单数名词 胜过任何其他…… It, more than any other invention, changed the world. ◆ “more than any other + 单数名词”在意义上等于最高级，不能写成 any other inventions。 提示：× It changed the world more than any other inventions.　√ ... more than any other invention. 【知识点6】To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. 令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，最重要的是便宜。 教材P46 to one's surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”，常放句首作状语，one's 要与后面提到的人保持一致；类似结构还有 to one's joy（令人高兴的是）、to one's disappointment（令人失望的是）。 例句：To his surprise, the little boy finished the paper himself.　To the teacher's surprise, nobody forgot the homework. ◆ 句中 was soft, light, easy to make and use 是四个并列表语，最后一个 cheap 前用 most importantly 强调；easy to make and use 是“形容词 + 不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 提示：× To everyone surprised, the paper was cheap.　√ To everyone's surprise, the paper was cheap. 【知识点7】This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们今天的世界。 教材P47 短语 后接什么 含义与例句 result in 结果 造成；导致：The accident resulted in two days of traffic jams. result from 原因 由……造成：The problem results from careless planning. lead to 结果 导致：New roads led to a rapid increase in business. speed up 宾语 加速：The internet speeded up the spread of news. ◆ creating the world we have today 是现在分词短语作结果状语，补充说明前面整件事带来的结果；we have today 是省略了 that 的定语从句。 ◆ result in 与 lead to 后接“结果”，result from 后接“原因”，三个短语都不能用于被动语态。 提示：× The heavy rain resulted from the flood.　√ The heavy rain resulted in the flood.（result in 后接结果） 【知识点8】The invention of the plane has made our travels around the world much easier and faster. 飞机的发明使我们的环球旅行容易、快捷了许多。 教材P49 make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾补）表示“使……变得……”，形容词前可用 much、a lot 修饰，但不能用 very。 例句：The radio made the world much smaller.　The internet has made communication much easier. ◆ 介绍一项发明的短文可按五步展开：是什么 → 谁在何时发明 → 为什么发明 → 遇到什么困难 → 带来什么影响，教材 3a 的莱特兄弟短文正是这个顺序。 提示：× It made our travels very easier.　√ It made our travels much easier. 三、语法聚焦：被动语态（一般现在时与一般过去时） 说一句话时，如果主语是“做事的人”，用主动语态；如果主语是“被处理的东西”，就用被动语态。本单元谈发明，主角常常是“被发明出来的东西”，所以被动语态格外多：The telephone was invented in 1876. / Hundreds of dishes can be made by it. 被动语态的基本框架只有一条：be + 过去分词，变的只是 be 的时态和人称。 类别 结构 例句 要点 一般现在时 am / is / are + 过去分词 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 讲习惯、事实、现在的状态 一般过去时 was / were + 过去分词 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic in 1901. 讲过去某时发生的事，常带时间状语 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Toys and even houses can be made by the 3D printer. be 用原形，不能省略 固定句型 It is said / believed / hoped that ... It is believed that the wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 用于引出众人的看法，后接完整从句 ◆ 基本用法 1．被动语态的构成是 be + 过去分词，be 随主语和时态变化，过去分词不变。 例：Paper is made from wood.　The bridge was built in 2006.　They are used widely. 2．主语是动作的承受者时用被动；动作的执行者由 by 引出，不知道或不重要时可以省略。 例：The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.　English is spoken in many countries. 3．含情态动词的被动语态是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be 必须保留。 例：× The file can sent to the printer.　√ The file can be sent to the printer. 4．不及物动词和不及物短语没有被动语态，如 happen、appear、take place、come true、run out。 例：× The accident was happened last night.　√ The accident happened last night. 5．主动变被动三步走：宾语提前作主语、谓语改为 be + 过去分词、原主语前加 by。 例：People grow rice here. → Rice is grown here.　Bell invented the telephone. → The telephone was invented by Bell. 四、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last October our school held a science fair. Every group had to (1)create something useful out of old things, and we had only two weeks. My group chose a small but real problem: the plants in our classroom always dried out during the holidays. Our device (2)was made with a plastic bottle, two pipes and an old clock. First, a small hole (3)was cut in the bottle cap. Then the bottle was filled with water and turned upside down, and a thin cloth was put inside the cap to slow the water down. The water (4)ran out slowly, drop by drop, and the soil stayed wet for six days. Our first model failed, though: the hole was too big, and the water was gone in an hour. We made the hole (5)smaller and tried again. On the day of the fair, our device (6)was visited by more than a hundred students. Many of them asked (7)what it was made of, because it looked so strange. We explained every step, and in the end we (8)were given second prize. Our names were even printed in the school newspaper. But the best part came later: our teacher told us that the idea (9)had been used in three other classrooms already. (10)Even a small idea can grow—you only have to start. 选项 1．A. create　B. created　C. creating　D. be created　【A】 2．A. was made　B. made　C. is made　D. has made　【A】 3．A. cut　B. cuts　C. was cut　D. is cutting　【C】 4．A. run　B. runs　C. was run　D. ran　【D】 5．A. small　B. smaller　C. smallest　D. the smallest　【B】 6．A. visited　B. was visited　C. is visited　D. has visited　【B】 7．A. how　B. that　C. whether　D. what　【D】 8．A. gave　B. were given　C. are given　D. had given　【B】 9．A. used　B. was using　C. had been used　D. has used　【C】 10．A. Even　B. Only　C. Still　D. Yet　【A】 ◆ 解析 1．had to 是情态动词短语，后面接动词原形；B 是过去式，C 是动名词，D 多了一个 be，都不能直接跟在 had to 之后。 2．主语 our device 是“被制作”的对象，全文用一般过去时叙述，故用 was made；C 是现在时，与后文 failed 的时态不一致，B、D 是主动形式。 3．a small hole 是 cut 的承受者，且动作发生在过去的制作过程中，用一般过去时的被动；A、B 是主动，D 是进行时。 4．run out 在此为不及物用法（水自己流出），没有被动；整段用过去时，所以选 ran。C 错在把不及物动词用于被动。 5．上文说“洞太大、一小时就漏光”，因此把洞改小，与前一次形成比较，用比较级；最高级需要比较范围，此处没有。 6．our device 是被参观的对象，by more than a hundred students 明确了动作执行者，又是一天之内发生的事，用一般过去时被动。 7．介词 of 后需要宾语，且句中已给出 was made of，缺的是“由什么材料制成”，用 what 作 of 的宾语；how 表方式，that、whether 不指代材料。 8．we 是“被授予”奖项的一方，prize 作保留宾语，用 were given；A、D 是主动，C 与全文过去时不一致。 9．主句 told 是过去时，从句动作“已被采用”发生在 told 之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动 had been used；already 也提示完成。 10．末句由“一个小组的小装置”推到“小想法也能长大”，需要递进语气，Even 意为“甚至”；Only 表限制，Still、Yet 表转折，都与“you only have to start”的鼓励语气不合。 五、阅读理解 A This term the school magazine interviewed Wang Lin, a Grade 9 student whose “bag coat” won first prize at the city science fair. The idea came from a rainy Monday. “I watched thirty students run into the classroom with wet schoolbags,” she says. “The books inside were wet too. Everyone complained, but nobody did anything.” Her first model was an old umbrella cut into two pieces and joined together with plastic cloth. It looked terrible. Water still got in at the corners, and the whole thing was too heavy to carry. “My mother told me to give up,” Wang Lin laughs. “So I asked my grandfather, who used to make clothes. He showed me how to shape the cloth so that water runs down instead of in.” The fourth model weighs less than an apple. It is made of the same light cloth that umbrellas use, and it can be folded into a small pocket when the sun comes out. Her school has ordered sixty of them, and a company in the city has asked whether it can produce them for shops. “I did not invent anything new,” Wang Lin says. “I only looked at a problem that everybody had got used to.” Her advice to other students is short: keep a notebook of small problems, and try the first idea even if it looks silly. （1）What did Wang Lin's first model look like?　【B】 A. A small pocket made of plastic.　B. Two pieces of an old umbrella sewn together. C. A coat made by her grandfather.　D. A bag ordered by her school. 解析：细节题。第三段 “Her first model was an old umbrella cut into two pieces and sewn together with plastic cloth” 直接给出答案；小口袋是第四代产品折叠后的样子。 （2）Why does the writer mention that Wang Lin's mother told her to give up?　【B】 A. To show that her family did not support her.　B. To show how bad the first model was. C. To explain why she changed schools.　D. To prove that parents are usually wrong. 解析：推理题。母亲劝她放弃，紧接着就写她去找爷爷学折布，可见第一版确实失败得很彻底；文中她后来得到爷爷帮助、学校订购六十个，说明家人并非不支持，A 过度推断。 （3）What can we learn about the fourth model?　【C】 A. It is heavier than the first one.　B. It cannot be folded. C. It is light and can be folded small.　D. It is made of paper. 解析：细节题。第四段 “weighs less than an apple” “can be folded into a small pocket” 说明它又轻又可折叠；第二段提到旧款 “too heavy”，可见 A 与事实相反。 （4）What is Wang Lin's main message to other students?　【B】 A. Only clever students can win prizes.　B. Watch for small problems and try your idea. C. Ask a company for help before you start.　D. Never listen to your family's advice. 解析：写作意图题。末段她说自己“只是注意到大家都习惯了的问题”，并建议“记下小问题、先试第一个想法”，正是 B；A 与“我没发明什么新东西”矛盾，C、D 都属于曲解。 B Every product in a shop began as an idea in somebody's head. Between the idea and the product, however, there are four steps, and most ideas never get past the first one. The first step is drawing. The inventor describes the idea on paper and makes a simple model, often with paper, wood or plastic. This model is not made to be sold; it is made to be looked at and argued about. The second step is testing. The model is used by real people in real situations, and everything that goes wrong is written down. A device that works in a workshop may fail in a kitchen or a rainy street. Companies spend months on this step, because a problem found now costs far less than a problem found later. The third step is improving. Designers go back to the model again and again. Sometimes the change is tiny—a button moved two centimetres; sometimes the whole idea is built again differently. The last step is production. Machines are set up and materials are ordered only when the design is fixed. This is why the first ones are expensive: the cost of earlier steps is paid by the first buyers. As production grows, the price usually falls. （1）What is the model in the first step used for?　【B】 A. To be sold in shops.　B. To be discussed and examined. C. To be given to companies.　D. To be shown in a museum. 解析：细节题。第二段 “it is made to be looked at and argued about” 说明模型是用来“看和讨论”的，而不是拿去卖；A、C 是最后一步才涉及的事。 （2）Why do companies spend months on testing?　【C】 A. Because testing makes the product look better.　B. Because workers need time to learn to use it. C. Because finding a problem early costs less.　D. Because the law requires a long test. 解析：细节题。第三段末 “a problem found now costs far less than a problem found later” 直接说明原因；文中没有提到法律要求或让产品更好看。 （3）What does the writer want to tell us?　【B】 A. Most new products are too expensive to buy.　B. A good idea becomes a product only after hard work. C. Only big companies can turn ideas into products.　D. Testing is less important than drawing. 解析：主旨题。首段说“大多数想法连第一步都过不去”，中间四段依次说明画图、测试、改进、生产的反复投入，末段又用“第一批总是贵”说明前面每一步都要付出代价，可见重点是“想法变产品需要艰苦的过程”；A、C、D 均非全文重心。 六、信息还原（七选五） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Our class needed a doorbell for the school garden gate. The old one had been broken for two years, and the gate was too far from the office for anyone to hear a knock. (1)G We started with the simplest plan: a bell and a long wire. The wire was borrowed from the computer room, and the bell came from an old bicycle. (2)B Water got into the box, and the bell rang by itself every time it rained. Our teacher did not tell us to stop. Instead, she asked a question: “Where does the water go when it rains?” (3)A We moved the box under the roof and covered the joints with tape. The bell has now worked for four months without a single mistake. The project taught us more than science. (4)D A plan that looks perfect on paper usually meets at least three problems in the real world. (5)E Last week a Grade 7 student asked whether we could build one for their classroom too. We said yes, and this time we knew exactly where to begin. 选项 A. That question sent us back to the gate with a notebook. B. The first test failed within a week. C. Three of us spent a month building one after school. D. It also taught us how to fail, and how to try again. E. We have already received our second “order”. F. Nobody in the class had ever made a doorbell before. G. So we decided to make one ourselves instead of buying a new one. ◆ 解析 1．空前说旧门铃坏了两年、门离办公室太远，空后是“我们”开始动手做，G 用 So ... instead of buying a new one 承接“没人听得见敲门”这一困境；F 只强调没做过，接不上“所以动手”。 2．空前描述第一版方案（铃 + 长电线），空后写“盒子进水、下雨就自己响”，B 的 The first test failed within a week 正是两段之间的转折。 3．空前是老师的问题 “Where does the water go when it rains?”，A 用 That question 指代这一提问，并引出“带着本子回到门口”的行动；C 讲三个人做了一个月，与“回答问题”无关。 4．空前说“这个项目教给我们的不止是科学”，空后说“纸上的完美方案在现实中至少会遇到三个问题”，D 用 It also taught us how to fail 正好补上“还教会我们如何失败”，与下一句呼应。 5．空前是总结，空后说“上星期一个七年级学生来问能不能给他们也做一个”，E 的 our second “order” 与这一请求对应；C 讲最初的人力投入，时态与位置都不合。 七、单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示，写出正确的单词，使句子完整、通顺。 1．The machine has only one b________; press it and it starts.　（button） 2．This company will p________ five thousand bicycles this year.　（produce） 3．A g________ is a plane without an engine.　（glider） 4．He wrote a note on a s________ piece of paper and stuck it on the door.　（sticky） 5．The t________ of the town has grown since the new railway opened.　（tourism） 6．The ________（发明）of paper changed the world.　（invention） 7．Most of these toys are made of ________（塑料）.　（plastic） 8．The idea ________（逐渐地）became popular across the country.　（gradually） 9．Many families cannot ________（买得起）a new computer.　（afford） 10．Bamboo is a ________（合适的）material for this chair.　（suitable） 八、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the 1870s, Alexander Bell was working on a machine that could carry the human voice through wires. At that time most people (1)thought (think) the idea was crazy, and few of them listened to him carefully. Bell, however, believed that sound (2)could be turned into an electric signal and sent along a wire. On 10 March 1876, his assistant spoke into the machine in one room. Bell, who was in (3)the next room, heard the words clearly. The first telephone message (4)was sent (send) that day, and the world has never been the same. The invention was not an immediate success. The first telephones were expensive, and only (5)a few rich families in big cities could afford (6)to buy (buy) one. Years passed (7)before the telephone became common in ordinary homes, and the price fell slowly. Today his idea (8)has developed (develop) into the small phone in our pocket. Bell once said that great inventions come from (9)watching (watch) small problems closely. That is (10)what I always remember whenever I have an idea of my own. 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $人教版英语九年级上册 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 单元复习讲义 人教版英语九年级上册 Unit 5 单元复习 Power of Ideas　第五单元（学生版） 教材版本：人教版　　适用年级：九年级上册　　单元：Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一、重点短语 1．被用来做　be used for / be used to do 2．与……相连　be connected to ... 3．数百种；许多　hundreds of ... 4．由……制成（看得出原料）　be made of ... 5．由……制成（看不出原料）　be made from ... 6．应当；应该　be supposed to do sth. 7．高速列车　high-speed train 8．3D 打印机　3D printer 9．在 20 世纪 90 年代　in the 1990s 10．全世界　all over the world 11．对……有很大影响　have a big effect on ... 12．依靠；取决于　depend on ... 13．后来；其后　later on 14．加速　speed up 15．造成；导致　result in ... 16．导致；造成　lead to ... 17．是……的原因；对……负责　be responsible for ... 18．使某人惊讶的是　to sb.'s surprise 19．把……变成现实　turn ... into reality 20．试图找到做某事的方法　be looking to do sth. 21．进行（试验、测试）　carry out 22．解决……的问题　solve the problem of ... 23．把……加到……上　add ... to ... 24．实现　come true 二、核心知识解析 【知识点1】Super See is a pair of sunglasses designed to protect people's eyes. Super See 是一副为保护眼睛而设计的墨镜。 教材P42 be designed to do sth. 意为“被设计用来做某事”，to 后接动词原形；design 也可作名词，意为“设计；图案”。 结构 含义 例句 be designed to do sth. 被设计用来做某事 The glasses are designed to protect people's eyes. be designed for sb. / sth. 为……而设计 Smart Cook is designed for busy families. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 A mini-camera is used to help with reading. be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事 The machine is used for cooking. ◆ a pair of sunglasses 作主语时视为单数，谓语用 is；a pair of shoes / glasses 同理。 提示：× a pair of sunglasses are designed ...　√ a pair of sunglasses is designed ... 【知识点2】Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. 玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房子，都可以由这台 3D 打印机制作出来。 教材P43 含情态动词的被动语态是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be 不能省，也不能随人称变化。 结构 含义 例句 be made by + 人 / 机器 由……制作（强调制作者） These toys can be made by the 3D printer. be made of + 材料 由……制成（看得出原料） The desk is made of wood. be made from + 材料 由……制成（看不出原料） Paper is made from wood. be made into + 成品 被制成…… Wood can be made into paper. ◆ 本句主语较长（四项并列），谓语仍用 can all be made，all 放在情态动词之后、be 之前。 提示：× Toys can made by the printer.　√ Toys can be made by the printer. 【知识点3】Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. 在收音机被发明之前，信息传播得非常慢。 教材P44 本句用一般过去时的被动语态 was invented，因为主语 the radio 是动作的承受者；before 引导时间状语从句，从句动作后发生。 词 词性 例句 invent v. 发明 Who invented the radio? invention n. 发明（物） The radio was an important invention. inventor n. 发明者 Marconi was the inventor of the radio. inventive adj. 有创造力的 She is an inventive designer. ◆ 注意 invent（发明原本不存在的东西）与 discover（发现原本存在的东西）的区别：Edison invented the light bulb, but Columbus discovered America. 提示：× The radio invented in 1895.　√ The radio was invented in 1895. 【知识点4】The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 电话是贝尔在 1876 年发明的。 教材P45·语法 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，be 随时态和人称变化。主动句变被动句分三步：宾语提前作主语 → 谓语改成 be + 过去分词 → 原主语前加 by（不重要时可省略）。 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are + 过去分词 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 一般过去时 was / were + 过去分词 The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Hundreds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook. It is believed that ... 固定句型，意为“人们认为……” It is believed that the wheel was found in Eastern Europe. ◆ 双宾语句子变被动时，多把“人”提前作主语：Someone gave him a book. → He was given a book. 提示：× The telephone invented by Bell.　√ The telephone was invented by Bell. 【知识点5】All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. 所有这些都依赖一项发明——造纸术。 教材P46 depend on 意为“依靠；取决于”，on 不能省略；破折号后的 papermaking 是 one invention 的同位语，起解释作用。 短语 含义 例句 depend on 依靠；取决于 Whether we go depends on the weather. be responsible for 是……的原因；对……负责 Papermaking was responsible for the rapid spread of information. more than any other + 单数名词 胜过任何其他…… It, more than any other invention, changed the world. ◆ “more than any other + 单数名词”在意义上等于最高级，不能写成 any other inventions。 提示：× It changed the world more than any other inventions.　√ ... more than any other invention. 【知识点6】To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. 令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，最重要的是便宜。 教材P46 to one's surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”，常放句首作状语，one's 要与后面提到的人保持一致；类似结构还有 to one's joy（令人高兴的是）、to one's disappointment（令人失望的是）。 例句：To his surprise, the little boy finished the paper himself.　To the teacher's surprise, nobody forgot the homework. ◆ 句中 was soft, light, easy to make and use 是四个并列表语，最后一个 cheap 前用 most importantly 强调；easy to make and use 是“形容词 + 不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 提示：× To everyone surprised, the paper was cheap.　√ To everyone's surprise, the paper was cheap. 【知识点7】This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们今天的世界。 教材P47 短语 后接什么 含义与例句 result in 结果 造成；导致：The accident resulted in two days of traffic jams. result from 原因 由……造成：The problem results from careless planning. lead to 结果 导致：New roads led to a rapid increase in business. speed up 宾语 加速：The internet speeded up the spread of news. ◆ creating the world we have today 是现在分词短语作结果状语，补充说明前面整件事带来的结果；we have today 是省略了 that 的定语从句。 ◆ result in 与 lead to 后接“结果”，result from 后接“原因”，三个短语都不能用于被动语态。 提示：× The heavy rain resulted from the flood.　√ The heavy rain resulted in the flood.（result in 后接结果） 【知识点8】The invention of the plane has made our travels around the world much easier and faster. 飞机的发明使我们的环球旅行容易、快捷了许多。 教材P49 make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾补）表示“使……变得……”，形容词前可用 much、a lot 修饰，但不能用 very。 例句：The radio made the world much smaller.　The internet has made communication much easier. ◆ 介绍一项发明的短文可按五步展开：是什么 → 谁在何时发明 → 为什么发明 → 遇到什么困难 → 带来什么影响，教材 3a 的莱特兄弟短文正是这个顺序。 提示：× It made our travels very easier.　√ It made our travels much easier. 三、语法聚焦：被动语态（一般现在时与一般过去时） 说一句话时，如果主语是“做事的人”，用主动语态；如果主语是“被处理的东西”，就用被动语态。本单元谈发明，主角常常是“被发明出来的东西”，所以被动语态格外多：The telephone was invented in 1876. / Hundreds of dishes can be made by it. 被动语态的基本框架只有一条：be + 过去分词，变的只是 be 的时态和人称。 类别 结构 例句 要点 一般现在时 am / is / are + 过去分词 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 讲习惯、事实、现在的状态 一般过去时 was / were + 过去分词 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic in 1901. 讲过去某时发生的事，常带时间状语 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Toys and even houses can be made by the 3D printer. be 用原形，不能省略 固定句型 It is said / believed / hoped that ... It is believed that the wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 用于引出众人的看法，后接完整从句 ◆ 基本用法 1．被动语态的构成是 be + 过去分词，be 随主语和时态变化，过去分词不变。 例：Paper is made from wood.　The bridge was built in 2006.　They are used widely. 2．主语是动作的承受者时用被动；动作的执行者由 by 引出，不知道或不重要时可以省略。 例：The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.　English is spoken in many countries. 3．含情态动词的被动语态是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be 必须保留。 例：× The file can sent to the printer.　√ The file can be sent to the printer. 4．不及物动词和不及物短语没有被动语态，如 happen、appear、take place、come true、run out。 例：× The accident was happened last night.　√ The accident happened last night. 5．主动变被动三步走：宾语提前作主语、谓语改为 be + 过去分词、原主语前加 by。 例：People grow rice here. → Rice is grown here.　Bell invented the telephone. → The telephone was invented by Bell. 四、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last October our school held a science fair. Every group had to (1)________ something useful out of old things, and we had only two weeks. My group chose a small but real problem: the plants in our classroom always dried out during the holidays. Our device (2)________ with a plastic bottle, two pipes and an old clock. First, a small hole (3)________ in the bottle cap. Then the bottle was filled with water and turned upside down, and a thin cloth was put inside the cap to slow the water down. The water (4)________ out slowly, drop by drop, and the soil stayed wet for six days. Our first model failed, though: the hole was too big, and the water was gone in an hour. We made the hole (5)________ and tried again. On the day of the fair, our device (6)________ by more than a hundred students. Many of them asked (7)________ it was made of, because it looked so strange. We explained every step, and in the end we (8)________ second prize. Our names were even printed in the school newspaper. But the best part came later: our teacher told us that the idea (9)________ in three other classrooms already. (10)________ a small idea can grow—you only have to start. 选项 1．A. create　B. created　C. creating　D. be created　 2．A. was made　B. made　C. is made　D. has made　 3．A. cut　B. cuts　C. was cut　D. is cutting　 4．A. run　B. runs　C. was run　D. ran　 5．A. small　B. smaller　C. smallest　D. the smallest　 6．A. visited　B. was visited　C. is visited　D. has visited　 7．A. how　B. that　C. whether　D. what　 8．A. gave　B. were given　C. are given　D. had given　 9．A. used　B. was using　C. had been used　D. has used　 10．A. Even　B. Only　C. Still　D. Yet　 五、阅读理解 A This term the school magazine interviewed Wang Lin, a Grade 9 student whose “bag coat” won first prize at the city science fair. The idea came from a rainy Monday. “I watched thirty students run into the classroom with wet schoolbags,” she says. “The books inside were wet too. Everyone complained, but nobody did anything.” Her first model was an old umbrella cut into two pieces and joined together with plastic cloth. It looked terrible. Water still got in at the corners, and the whole thing was too heavy to carry. “My mother told me to give up,” Wang Lin laughs. “So I asked my grandfather, who used to make clothes. He showed me how to shape the cloth so that water runs down instead of in.” The fourth model weighs less than an apple. It is made of the same light cloth that umbrellas use, and it can be folded into a small pocket when the sun comes out. Her school has ordered sixty of them, and a company in the city has asked whether it can produce them for shops. “I did not invent anything new,” Wang Lin says. “I only looked at a problem that everybody had got used to.” Her advice to other students is short: keep a notebook of small problems, and try the first idea even if it looks silly. （1）What did Wang Lin's first model look like? A. A small pocket made of plastic.　B. Two pieces of an old umbrella sewn together. C. A coat made by her grandfather.　D. A bag ordered by her school. （2）Why does the writer mention that Wang Lin's mother told her to give up? A. To show that her family did not support her.　B. To show how bad the first model was. C. To explain why she changed schools.　D. To prove that parents are usually wrong. （3）What can we learn about the fourth model? A. It is heavier than the first one.　B. It cannot be folded. C. It is light and can be folded small.　D. It is made of paper. （4）What is Wang Lin's main message to other students? A. Only clever students can win prizes.　B. Watch for small problems and try your idea. C. Ask a company for help before you start.　D. Never listen to your family's advice. B Every product in a shop began as an idea in somebody's head. Between the idea and the product, however, there are four steps, and most ideas never get past the first one. The first step is drawing. The inventor describes the idea on paper and makes a simple model, often with paper, wood or plastic. This model is not made to be sold; it is made to be looked at and argued about. The second step is testing. The model is used by real people in real situations, and everything that goes wrong is written down. A device that works in a workshop may fail in a kitchen or a rainy street. Companies spend months on this step, because a problem found now costs far less than a problem found later. The third step is improving. Designers go back to the model again and again. Sometimes the change is tiny—a button moved two centimetres; sometimes the whole idea is built again differently. The last step is production. Machines are set up and materials are ordered only when the design is fixed. This is why the first ones are expensive: the cost of earlier steps is paid by the first buyers. As production grows, the price usually falls. （1）What is the model in the first step used for? A. To be sold in shops.　B. To be discussed and examined. C. To be given to companies.　D. To be shown in a museum. （2）Why do companies spend months on testing? A. Because testing makes the product look better.　B. Because workers need time to learn to use it. C. Because finding a problem early costs less.　D. Because the law requires a long test. （3）What does the writer want to tell us? A. Most new products are too expensive to buy.　B. A good idea becomes a product only after hard work. C. Only big companies can turn ideas into products.　D. Testing is less important than drawing. 六、信息还原（七选五） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Our class needed a doorbell for the school garden gate. The old one had been broken for two years, and the gate was too far from the office for anyone to hear a knock. (1)________ We started with the simplest plan: a bell and a long wire. The wire was borrowed from the computer room, and the bell came from an old bicycle. (2)________ Water got into the box, and the bell rang by itself every time it rained. Our teacher did not tell us to stop. Instead, she asked a question: “Where does the water go when it rains?” (3)________ We moved the box under the roof and covered the joints with tape. The bell has now worked for four months without a single mistake. The project taught us more than science. (4)________ A plan that looks perfect on paper usually meets at least three problems in the real world. (5)________ Last week a Grade 7 student asked whether we could build one for their classroom too. We said yes, and this time we knew exactly where to begin. 选项 A. That question sent us back to the gate with a notebook. B. The first test failed within a week. C. Three of us spent a month building one after school. D. It also taught us how to fail, and how to try again. E. We have already received our second “order”. F. Nobody in the class had ever made a doorbell before. G. So we decided to make one ourselves instead of buying a new one. 七、单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示，写出正确的单词，使句子完整、通顺。 1．The machine has only one b________; press it and it starts. 2．This company will p________ five thousand bicycles this year. 3．A g________ is a plane without an engine. 4．He wrote a note on a s________ piece of paper and stuck it on the door. 5．The t________ of the town has grown since the new railway opened. 6．The ________（发明）of paper changed the world. 7．Most of these toys are made of ________（塑料）. 8．The idea ________（逐渐地）became popular across the country. 9．Many families cannot ________（买得起）a new computer. 10．Bamboo is a ________（合适的）material for this chair. 八、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the 1870s, Alexander Bell was working on a machine that could carry the human voice through wires. At that time most people (1)________ (think) the idea was crazy, and few of them listened to him carefully. Bell, however, believed that sound (2)________ be turned into an electric signal and sent along a wire. On 10 March 1876, his assistant spoke into the machine in one room. Bell, who was in (3)________ next room, heard the words clearly. The first telephone message (4)________ (send) that day, and the world has never been the same. The invention was not an immediate success. The first telephones were expensive, and only (5)________ few rich families in big cities could afford (6)________ (buy) one. Years passed (7)________ the telephone became common in ordinary homes, and the price fell slowly. Today his idea (8)________ (develop) into the small phone in our pocket. Bell once said that great inventions come from (9)________ (watch) small problems closely. That is (10)________ I always remember whenever I have an idea of my own. 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $