Unit 6 Wisdom counts 语法填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

Unit 6 Wisdom counts 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——历史文物与 智慧故事） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 The Trojan War A Greek king once had a beautiful wife 1 (call) Helen. One day, a prince from Troy, called Paris, stole Helen away and brought her to Troy with him. The Greeks sent 2 (thousand) of ships to attack Troy. Troy, however, was powerful and well protected. The war lasted 3 many years. The Greeks had a soldier called Achilles (阿喀琉斯). He was the greatest 4 (fight) in the world. When he was born, his mother put him in a magic river. Every part of his body that touched the water became immortal (不朽的). But she had to hold his heel (脚后跟), so that part became his great weakness. Achilles killed many 5 (enemy). He was strong and cruel. He killed the greatest prince in Troy, called Hector. He then dragged (拖) Hector’s body around the city to mock (嘲笑) the Trojan people. The Greeks had still not won, though. They made a plan. They decided 6 (give) a gift to the city of Troy: a giant wooden horse. Late one evening, the Greeks pushed the wooden horse to the gates of Troy. The Trojans, seeing the gift, thought the Greeks had given up. 7 (happy), they took in the gift. That night, they celebrated and drank wine. But as they slept, the horse opened up and ropes (绳子) came down. It was a trick—the horse was filled 8 Greek soldiers. They opened the gates, 9 (burn) the city and killed most of the Trojans as they slept. The Greeks won the war. Achilles, though, was hit by 10 arrow in the final battle. It hit his heel, the only weak part of his body, and he died. 【答案】 1．called 2．thousands 3．for 4．fighter 5．enemies 6．to give 7．Happily 8．with 9．burnt/burned 10．an 【导语】本文讲述了在特洛伊战争中，特洛伊人因轻信希腊人留下的木马为礼物，最终导致城市被摧毁的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：一位希腊国王曾经有一位美丽的妻子，名叫海伦。此处call与wife之间是被动关系，使用call的过去分词called作后置定语，故填called。 2．句意：希腊人派出了成千上万只船去进攻特洛伊。thousand前无具体数字，且后接“of”，需用固定搭配thousands of，表示“成千上万的”，故填thousands。 3．句意：战争持续了很多年。last表示“持续”时，后接时间段需用介词for，表示“持续了……时间”，故填for。 4．句意：他是世界上最伟大的战士。“the greatest”后需接名词。fight的名词形式为fighter，表“战士”，故填fighter。 5．句意：阿喀琉斯杀死了许多敌人。many后接可数名词复数，enemy的复数形式为“enemies”，故填enemies。 6．句意：他们决定给特洛伊城一份礼物：一匹巨大的木马。decide为动词，后接不定式作宾语，构成固定搭配decide to do sth“决定做某事”，故填to give。 7．句意：他们高兴地收下了这份礼物。此处用副词修饰整个句子，happy是形容词，其副词形式为happily，句首首字母应大写，故填Happily。 8．句意：这是一个计谋——木马里装满了希腊士兵。be filled with为固定搭配，意为“充满……”，符合句意，故填with。 9．句意：他们打开城门，烧毁了城市，趁他们睡觉时杀死了大多数特洛伊人。句中“opened”“burnt”“killed”为三个并列谓语，均需用过去式，burn的过去式为“burnt/burned”，故填burnt/burned。 10．句意：然而，阿喀琉斯在最后的战斗中被一支箭射中。arrow箭，是可数名词，且以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表示“一支箭”，故填an。 Passage 2 Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao. Lian was a brave general (将军), and Lin was 1 excellent advisor. Lian was famous for 2 (win) battles (战役). Everyone respected him for his bravery. Lin, on the other hand, was clever and knew how to use words 3 (solve) problems. He once saved Heshibi for the King of Zhao and became a trusted advisor. But there was a problem. Lian felt worried after Lin got a 4 (high) place than him. He thought he should get greater honor because of his achievements in the war, while Lin achieved 5 (succeed) just through his skills in speaking and debating (辩论). Sometimes, Lian even spoke ill of Lin 6 his back. Lin didn’t want to argue or fight, so he avoided 7 (meet) Lian. It seemed that Lin was scared of him. When asked, Lin explained that he didn’t want to fight with Lian 8 it would harm their country. When Lian Po 9 (hear) this, he felt very sorry. He knew he was wrong. Right away, he took off his clothes, put thorns (荆条) on his back, and went to Lin Xiangru’s home to say sorry. Lin Xiangru 10 (quick) forgave him. After that, they became good friends and worked together to help the king run the country. Lian and Lin showed us that even if we have differences, we can still put aside our pride and achieve great things. 【答案】 1．an 2．winning 3．to solve 4．higher 5．success 6．behind 7．meeting 8．because 9．heard 10．quickly 【导语】本文主要讲述廉颇与蔺相如“负荆请罪”的历史典故，赞扬二人以国家为重、放下分歧、同心为国的品格。 【详解】 1．句意：廉颇是一位勇猛的将军，蔺相如是一位出色的谋士。“advisor”为可数名词单数，“excellent”以元音音素开头，不定冠词表泛指，元音音素前用an。 2．句意：廉颇因打赢战役而闻名。此处使用搭配be famous for doing sth.，介词后接动名词，填入win的动名词形式winning。 3．句意：另一方面，蔺相如聪慧过人，懂得用言辞解决问题。此处使用结构use sth. to do sth.，意为“使用某物做某事”，填入不定式to solve表目的。 4．句意：蔺相如的职位比他高后，廉颇感到不满。“than”是比较级标志词，因此填入形容词high的比较级higher。 5．句意：他认为自己因战功应获得更高荣誉，而蔺相如仅凭口才辩论取得成功。动词“achieved”后接名词作宾语，succeed的名词形式是success。 6．句意：有时，廉颇甚至在背后说蔺相如的坏话。此处使用短语behind one’s back，表示“在某人背后”，填入介词behind。 7．句意：蔺相如不想争吵争斗，于是他回避与廉颇见面。此处使用搭配avoid doing sth.，表示“避免做某事”，填入meet的动名词形式meeting作宾语。 8．句意：当被问及缘由时，蔺相如解释他不想与廉颇争斗，因为这会损害国家利益。前后句为因果逻辑，使用连词because引导原因状语从句。 9．句意：当廉颇听到这番话，他十分愧疚。全文为过去时态，使用一般过去时，hear的过去式是heard。 10．句意：蔺相如很快原谅了他。此处修饰动词“forgave”，使用quick的副词形式quickly。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This is a famous story about Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. One day, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang 1 (make) 100,000 arrows (箭) for him. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I will bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.” Zhuge Liang let his soldiers (兵) fill twenty large boats with many straw (稻草) 2 (man). In the early morning of the 3 (three) day, Zhuge Liang’s soldiers made the boats near Cao Cao’s soldiers. They were 4 the other side of the river. Then Zhuge Liang’s soldiers played 5 (they) drums. When Cao Cao’s soldiers 6 (hear) the sounds, they thought they were under attack (袭击). The fog was so heavy 7 they could not see clearly. Cao Cao shouted, “Listen! Zhuge Liang’s soldiers 8 (come) to us now. Shoot arrows to the sounds of the drums and the shouting.” Soon Zhuge Liang’s boats had many arrows. Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then turned the boats back. “ 9 (luck) us!”, they shouted. Finally, Zhuge Liang succeeded in 10 (get) more than 100,000 arrows. 【答案】 1．to make 2．men 3．third 4．on 5．their 6．heard 7．that 8．are coming 9．Lucky 10．getting 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了诸葛亮草船借箭的经典历史小故事。 【详解】 1．句意：有一天，周瑜要求诸葛亮为他打造十万支箭。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处需要动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to make。 2．句意：诸葛亮让士兵们在二十艘大船上装满许多稻草人。many后接可数名词复数，man的复数不规则变化为men，straw men表示“稻草人”，贴合草船借箭故事场景，故填men。 3．句意：在第三天的清晨，诸葛亮的士兵把船只开到了曹操军队附近。the后需要使用序数词表顺序，three对应的序数词是third，the third day表示“第三天”，用来交代故事发展的时间节点，故填third。 4．句意：船只停靠在河的对岸。on the other side of为方位表达，意为“在……的另一边”，描述河流对岸用介词on，故填on。 5．句意：随后诸葛亮的士兵敲响了他们的战鼓。空格后有名词drums，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，表示“他们的”，故填their。 6．句意：当曹操的士兵听到声响，他们以为自己遭到了袭击。全文讲述过去发生的历史故事，通篇使用一般过去时，hear的过去式为不规则变化heard，与主句thought时态保持一致，故填heard。 7．句意：雾气太大，以至于他们无法看清东西。so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，用来体现雾大带来的结果，故填that。 8．句意：听！诸葛亮的士兵正向我们这边过来。Listen是现在进行时的标志词，结构为“be + doing”；主语soldiers为复数，be动词用are，come变为coming，现在进行时表即将逼近的动作，故填are coming。 9．句意：“我们太幸运了！”他们大喊道。“Lucky us!”是常用口语感叹表达，形容词lucky放在句首修饰代词us，用来抒发侥幸成功的喜悦语气；单词放句首首字母大写，故填Lucky。 10．句意：最终，诸葛亮成功拿到了十万多支箭。succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做成某事”，介词in后接动名词，get变动名词为getting，故填getting。 Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）Lu Ban was one of the most famous craftsmen (手艺人) in ancient China. He was well-known for 1 (he) creative (有创造力的) ways of making tools and buildings with great skills. Lu Ban showed a gift for making things when he was 2 young child. His family had a tradition of craftsmanship, but life was still not easy. Young Lu Ban had to work very hard to learn the skills. He started to study craftsmanship from his family 3 other excellent craftsmen at that time. To learn how to build better houses and tools, Lu Ban 4 (travel) to many places. He learned different structures (结构) of buildings and 5 (way) of making things. After years of practice, he 6 (develop) new methods of carpentry (木工方法). Also, he became the 7 (one) craftsman in Chinese history to turn common wood (普通木材) into amazing works, like useful tools. Lu Ban was also good at 8 (make) farming tools. He improved the farming tools and helped farmers work more easily. The tools he made were so 9 (help) that they were used for a long time. During his lifetime, Lu Ban made more 10 100 useful tools and buildings. So people think of him as “the Father of Chinese Craftsmanship”. 【答案】 1．his 2．a 3．and 4．travelled/traveled 5．ways 6．developed 7．first 8．making 9．helpful 10．than 【导语】本文介绍了中国古代著名手艺人鲁班，他从小展现造物天赋，四处学习技艺、改良工具，研发木工方法，被称作“中国工匠之父”。 【详解】156．句意：他因其制作工具和建筑的巧妙技艺而闻名。该处需一个形容词性物主代词，在句中作定语；前文主语He指代鲁班，提示语义与“鲁班的”相关；介词for后接名词，使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。结合提示词he，故填his。 1．句意：鲁班在年幼时就展现出制作物品的天赋。该处需一个不定冠词，在句中作定语；空格后young child描述鲁班小时候的身份，提示语义与 “一个”相关；young 以辅音音素开头，使用不定冠词a表泛指“一个”。故填a。 2．句意：他开始向家人以及当时其他优秀的手艺人学习手艺。该处需一个并列连词，在句中连接并列宾语；前文“study craftsmanship from his family”，后文“other excellent craftsmen”，提示语义与并列学习对象相关；句子前后是并列关系，使用并列连词。故填and。 3．句意：为学习建造更好的房屋与工具，鲁班去往很多地方。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；全文讲述鲁班生平故事，均为过去发生的事件，提示语义与过去的行动相关；使用动词过去式。结合提示词travel，故填travelled/traveled。 4．句意：他学习不同的建筑结构以及造物方法。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；and前“different structures”为名词复数，提示语义与“多种方法”相关；此处名词使用复数保持并列一致。结合提示词way，故填ways。 5．句意：经过多年实践，他研发出新的木工技艺。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；前文“After years of practice”讲述长年实践之后的成果，提示语义与“过去产生、研发”相关；全文为一般过去时，使用动词过去式。结合提示词develop，故填developed。 6．句意：并且，他成为中国历史上首位将普通木材变为实用工具这类精美作品的手艺人。该处需一个序数词，在句中作定语；后文“in Chinese history to turn common wood into amazing works”限定人物地位，提示语义与次序“第一个”相关；空格前有定冠词the修饰，the后常接序数词，表示顺序“第几”。结合提示词one，故填first。 7．句意：鲁班也擅长制作农具。该处需一个动名词，在句中作介词宾语；前文“Lu Ban was also good at”介绍鲁班擅长的技能，提示语义与“制作农具”相关；固定搭配 “be good at doing sth.”意为“擅长做某事”，介词at后面，使用动名词形式。结合提示词make，故填making。 8．句意：他制作的工具十分有用，被沿用很久。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语；后文“that they were used for a long time”说明工具长久使用，提示语义与“有用的、有帮助的”相关；固定结构“so + 形容词 + that从句”，表示“如此……以至于……”，so后面使用形容词。结合提示词help，故填helpful。 9．句意：鲁班一生制作了100多件实用工具与建筑。该处需一个介词；后文数字100，提示语义与“数量上超过”相关；固定短语more than表示“超过、多于”。故填than。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一至两个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Lord Pingyuan (平原君) was from the State of Zhao (赵国). At that time, the State of Qin was 1 (strong) than the State of Zhao. The State of Qin wanted to control the State of Zhao, so Lord Pingyuan decided to go to the State of Chu to ask 2 help. He wanted to take twenty smart 3 (man) with him, but he could only find nineteen. Then Mao Sui came and said, “I’m 4 one you need.” He was very confident (自信的). Lord Pingyuan let Mao Sui join the team. 5 they got to the State of Chu, the king didn’t want to help the State of Zhao at first. But Mao Sui was brave (勇敢的). He went up to the king and explained 6 (clear) why the State of Zhao needed help. The king was 7 (surprise) and started to listen to him. Mao Sui explained the importance of the friendship between the State of Chu and the State of Zhao, and the king decided 8 (help). Hearing the good news, everyone in the State of Zhao 9 (be) happy, and respected Mao Sui. This story teaches 10 (we) to be confident, and not to be afraid to show our abilities to others. 【答案】 1．stronger 2．for 3．men 4．the 5．When /After 6．clearly 7．surprised 8．to help 9．was 10．us 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了赵国平原君去楚国求援时，毛遂自荐跟随前往，并成功说服楚王出兵相助的故事，告诉我们要自信并勇于展示自己的能力。 【详解】 1．句意：那时，秦国比赵国更强大。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应填形容词的比较级形式stronger。 2．句意：秦国想要控制赵国，所以平原君决定去楚国寻求帮助。ask for help是固定搭配，意为“寻求帮助”，此处缺少介词for。 3．句意：他想带二十个聪明的人和他一起去，但他只能找到十九个。根据空前的数词“twenty”可知，此处名词应用复数形式，man的不规则复数形式是men。 4．句意：然后毛遂走过来说：“我就是你需要的那个人。” 此处特指“你需要的那个人”，表示特指，应用定冠词the。 5．句意：当他们到达楚国时，楚王起初不想帮助赵国。分析句子结构可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”或者在……之后，应用连词when/after，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 6．句意：他走到楚王面前，清楚地解释了为什么赵国需要帮助。此处修饰动词“explained”，应用副词形式，clear的副词是clearly。 7．句意：楚王感到很惊讶，开始听他讲。此处在系动词was之后作表语，说明主语楚王的感受，应用修饰人的-ed结尾的形容词surprised，意为“感到惊讶的”。 8．句意：毛遂解释了楚赵两国友谊的重要性，楚王决定帮忙。decide to do sth.是固定用法，意为“决定做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语。 9．句意：听到这个好消息，赵国的每个人都很高兴，并且很尊敬毛遂。根据并列谓语“respected”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；不定代词“everyone”作主语时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数，be动词的过去式单数是was。 10．句意：这个故事教导我们要自信，不要害怕向别人展示我们的能力。此处位于动词“teaches”之后作宾语，应用代词的宾格形式，we的宾格是us。 Passage 6 During the Warring States Period, King Zhao of the State of Yan wanted to gather talented people 1 (make) the state strong. He asked the scholar Guo Wei for 2 (advise). Guo told the king a story. In ancient times, there was a king who wanted a special kind of horse. It could run 1,000 li a day, which was called qianlima. He sent many people to find these horses, but nobody found 3 (he) such a horse. One day, someone new 4 (volunteer) to help. Within three months, he heard about a qianlima. He rushed to find it, 5 the horse was already dead. Still, he bought the bones of the horse with 500 pieces of gold. The king was very angry. “What I want is a live horse, 6 the bones of a dead horse!” The man answered calmly, “Imagine this. You’re willing to pay a high price for a dead horse, let alone a live one. This shows people you truly wish to buy the horses. Just wait and the horses you want 7 (come) very soon.” Indeed, within a year, many qianlima owners brought their horses to the king. Guo told the king that he could see himself as the bones of the horse. “If I 8 (value), more talents will be willing to serve the state,” he said. The king built houses for Guo and treated him as his teacher. Soon, talented people across the state came to help the king. His state finally 9 (beat) the State of Qi. As the essay On Horses says, qianlima are common, but a person who can find them is rare. On the other hand, if you have all-around abilities, 10 of waiting for someone to find you, you can actively sell yourself. 【答案】 1．to make 2．advice 3．him 4．volunteered 5．but 6．not 7．will come 8．am valued 9．beat 10．instead 【导语】本文主要讲述了战国时期燕昭王想召集人才使国家强大，于是他向郭隗请教，郭隗给他讲述了一个故事。燕昭王从中领悟到了吸引人才的办法。 【详解】 1．句意：战国时期，燕国国王昭想要召集有才能的人来使国家强大。根据“gather talented people...the state strong”可知，召集有才能的人的目的是使国家强大，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 2．句意：他向学者郭隗征求意见。根据“for...”可知，此处指征求意见，advise的名词形式是advice，为不可数名词。故填advice。 3．句意：他派了很多人去找这些马，但没人给他找到这样一匹马。根据“found...such a horse”可知，此处指给他找到马，动词后用代词宾格him作宾语。故填him。 4．句意：一天，一个新人主动提出帮忙。根据“One day”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，volunteer的过去式是volunteered。故填volunteered。 5．句意：他急忙去找，但马已经死了。根据“He rushed to find it”和“the horse was already dead”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 6．句意：我想要的是一匹活马，不是死马的骨头！根据“What I want is a live horse”和“the bones of a dead horse”可知，此处指不是死马的骨头，用not表示否定。故填not。 7．句意：等着看，你要的马很快就会来。根据“Just wait and”可知，此处指将要发生的事，用一般将来时，结构是will+动词原形。故填will come。 8．句意：如果我被重视，更多的人才将愿意为国家效力。根据“If I”和“more talents will be willing to serve the state”可知，此处指如果“我”被重视，用被动语态，结构是be+过去分词，主语是I，be动词用am，value的过去分词是valued。故填am valued。 9．句意：他的国家最终打败了齐国。根据“His state finally”可知，此处指国家打败齐国，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，beat的过去式是beat。故填beat。 10．句意：另一方面，如果你有全面的能力，不要等着别人来发现你，你可以主动推销自己。根据“of waiting for someone to find you, you can actively sell yourself”可知，此处指不要等着别人发现，instead of表示“代替，而不是”。故填instead。 Passage 7 根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 “Hou sheng ke wei” is a Chinese idiom (成语). It 1 (mean) young people, full of young spirits, will often surpass (超越) older people. Here’s the story of the idiom. In ancient times, the great thinker Confucius often 2 (travel) through all the states, teaching. One day, he took his carriage (四轮马车) 3 went out on one of these journeys. 4 (sudden) seeing a child in the middle of the road, he asked the driver to stop. Confucius said to the child, “Could you please give way to 5 (I) carriage?” The child said, “Can’t you see that there’s 6 castle (城堡) here?”, pointing at a small castle he had made on the road. The child continued, “I only heard that carriages move around a castle. I’ve never heard that a castle should give way to traffic.” Confucius was really 7 (surprise) and said, “At such a young age, you seem to know quite a lot.” The kid raised his head and looked straight 8 Confucius. He said, “I heard fish can swim when they’re born and that rabbits can run on the 9 (three) day after birth. You see, age doesn’t make a 10 (different).” Hearing this, Confucius felt the child was clever and said, “Oh, young people today are really amazing.” Then he asked the carriage driver to go around the child’s castle. 【答案】 1．means 2．travelled/traveled 3．and 4．Suddenly 5．my 6．a 7．surprised 8．at 9．third 10．difference 【导语】这篇短文讲述了后生可畏这一成语的由来：出行途中孔子被路上搭小城堡的孩童巧妙辩驳，认可了年幼孩子聪慧出众，由此体现年轻人未必见识浅薄、可以超越长者的内涵。 【详解】 1．句意：它（后生可畏这个成语）的意思是朝气蓬勃的年轻人往往能够超越年长的人。主语It指代单数的成语，属于第三人称单数；本句介绍成语固定含义，使用一般现在时，谓语动词mean要变为三单形式means。 2．句意：在古代，伟大思想家孔子常常周游各个诸侯国进行讲学。时间状语In ancient times“在古代”表明是过去发生的事，时态选用一般过去时；travel 过去式英式拼写travelled、美式拼写traveled，两种写法都合规。 3．句意：有一天，他坐上马车，开启了其中一趟出行旅程。 空格前后took his carriage“坐上马车”、went out“出发”是先后衔接的两个谓语动作，需要并列连词and进行连接。 4．句意：突然看到路中间有一个小孩，他就让车夫停下马车。 此处要修饰后面的动作seeing，需要使用副词；sudden是形容词，副词形式为suddenly，句首首字母大写，填Suddenly。 5．句意：你可以给我的马车让一下路吗？ 空格后面是名词carriage“马车”，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词；人称代词I对应的形容词性物主代词是my，表示“我的”。 6．句意：难道你看不见这儿有一座城堡吗？ castle是可数名词单数，读音为辅音音素开头，此处泛指一座小城堡，填入不定冠词a。 7．句意：孔子感到十分惊讶，然后说道，“小小年纪，你似乎懂得相当多东西”。此处主语是人，形容人内心感到惊讶，使用-ed 结尾的形容词surprised。 8．句意：孩子抬起头，直直看向孔子。 固定搭配look straight at sb.意思是“直直地注视某人”，固定介词填at。 9．句意：兔子出生后的第三天就能够跑动。 前面带有定冠词the，此处要表达“第三天”，需要把基数词three转化为序数词third。 1．句意：你看，年龄并不能造成差别。 固定短语make a difference表示“产生影响、造成差异”，冠词a后面需要放置名词，形容词different对应的名词形式是difference。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （2026·新疆乌鲁木齐·中考真题）阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 Long, long ago, a kind man, Liu Bei, wanted to save his people and build a strong country. Someone told him a wise man 1 (call) Zhuge Liang could help to achieve his dream. So Liu Bei decided to visit him. Zhuge Liang lived in a cottage (茅屋). The first time Liu Bei went there, Zhuge Liang was away. A few 2 (day) later, he visited again. But Zhuge Liang was still not at home. His men felt 3 (tire) and wanted to give up. However, Liu Bei didn’t lose heart. He said he must 4 (visit) the wise man. 5 a cold snowy day, he paid another visit. This time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping at home. Liu Bei told his men to keep quiet 6 wait outside patiently. After a long wait, Zhuge Liang woke up. He was deeply 7 (move) by Liu Bei’s respect. He agreed to help 8 (he). They talked about ways 9 (make) the country better. From then on, Zhuge Liang gave Liu Bei many good 10 (suggestion). With his help, Liu Bei built his own country 11 (successful) in the end. 【答案】 1．called 2．days 3．tired 4．visit 5．On 6．and 7．moved 8．him 9．to make 10．suggestions 11．successfully 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了刘备三顾茅庐请诸葛亮出山辅佐自己的故事，体现了刘备的诚心与诸葛亮的智慧。 【详解】 1．句意：有人告诉他，一位名叫诸葛亮的智者可以帮助他实现梦想。此处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰man，且man与call之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。call的过去分词是called。 2．句意：几天后，他再次拜访。根据“A few”可知，此处需填可数名词的复数形式。day的复数是days。 3．句意：他的手下感到疲倦，想要放弃。根据“felt”可知，此处需填形容词作表语描述人的感受，tire的形容词形式tired表示“疲倦的”，符合语境。 4．句意：他说他必须拜访这位智者。根据情态动词“must”可知，其后需接动词原形。 5．句意：在一个寒冷的下雪天，他再次登门拜访。a cold snowy day是具体某一天，此处应用介词on，句首首字母要大写。 6．句意：刘备告诉他的手下保持安静并在外面耐心等待。keep quiet和wait outside patiently两者为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。 7．句意：他被刘备的敬重深深打动。主语He与动词move之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，空格处应填move的过去分词moved。 8．句意：他同意帮助他。help是动词，后接人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。he的宾格是him。 9．句意：他们讨论了使国家变得更好的方法。ways to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，应用动词不定式to make作后置定语。 10．句意：从那时起，诸葛亮给了刘备许多好的建议。根据“many”可知，其后需填可数名词的复数形式。suggestion的复数是suggestions。 11．句意：在他的帮助下，刘备最终成功地建立了自己的国家。此处需修饰动词built，应用副词形式。successful的副词是successfully。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·吉林·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to tell you a story about Bao, which is popular 1 Chinese people. A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market 2 (he). One day he fell asleep on a rock after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he 3 (sad) found his coins were gone. The boy cried because the money 4 (use) to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother. Bao happened 5 (pass) through the market. After knowing about the situation, he ordered everyone in the market to put 6 coin into a basin (盆) filled with water. When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao 7 (catch) the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins. Bao explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily 8 (product) in the market 9 the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.” Many of the stories about Bao were made into some movies, novels, operas and so on. Today Bao is still considered as one of the 10 (great) officials in history and is loved by Chinese people. 【答案】 1．with/among 2．himself 3．sadly 4．was used 5．to pass 6．a 7．caught 8．products 9．and 10．greatest 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了包拯利用油花断案、帮卖油条男孩找回铜钱的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：今天，我要给你讲一个关于包拯的故事，这个故事深受中国人喜爱。结合语境，这里表达“受中国人喜爱”的含义，be popular with/among sb.表示“受……欢迎”，贴合“包拯的故事被人们喜爱”的语境。应填with/among。 2．句意：一个小男孩靠自己在市场上卖油条谋生。结合语境，此处想要表达男孩独自谋生，句子需要体现“他自己”这一含义，因此使用人称代词对应的反身代词。应填himself。 3．句意：当他醒来时，他难过地发现他的铜钱不见了。结合语境，此处用来形容发现钱财丢失时的状态，该单词需要用来修饰后面的动词，要使用sad（形容词，悲伤的）对应的副词形式sadly（悲伤地）。 4．句意：男孩哭了，因为这些钱是用来支付他生病母亲的医疗费的。结合语境，钱财是被拿来支付医药费的，主语和动作之间存在被动关系，且文章讲述过去发生的事，故时态选用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，“the money”视为第三人称单数，选用was，use的过去分词是used，应填was used。 5．句意：包拯碰巧经过市场。结合语境，此处表达包拯恰巧路过此地，happen to do可表示“碰巧做某事”，符合句子表达需求。应填to pass。 6．句意：了解情况之后，他命令市场上的每个人把一枚硬币放进装满水的盆里。结合语境，此处只是泛指一枚硬币，coin为可数名词单数且读音以辅音音素开头，要用对应的不定冠词。应填a。 7．句意：当一枚硬币在水中泛起油花时，包拯抓住了扔这枚硬币的人，并告知众人是他偷走了男孩的铜钱。结合语境，文章讲述过往的事件，整体使用过去时态，谓语动词要变为对应的过去式形式。应填caught。 8．句意：包拯解释说：“这个男孩是市场上唯一一个卖含油产品的人，而且这个人的硬币是盆里唯一泛起油花的。”结合语境，此处指代各类含油的货品，并非单一物品，可数名词要变为复数形式。应填products。 9．句意：包拯解释说：“这个男孩是市场上唯一一个卖含油产品的人，而且这个人的硬币是盆里唯一泛起油花的。”结合语境，前后两个分句陈述两件相关的事实，属于并列关系，需要用并列连词进行衔接。应填and。 10．句意：如今，包拯依旧被看作历史上最杰出的官员之一，也深受中国人民的爱戴。结合语境，“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”，因此要使用形容词的最高级形式。应填greatest。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷规定的位置上。 Historian Sima Guang tells a meaningful story in his book History as a Mirror (《资治通鉴》). It mainly 1 (talk) about why a person needs both talent and virtue (美德). During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi Xuanzi was the leader of a large clan (氏族) in the State of Jin. He planned to choose Zhi Yao as 2 next leader. A man called Zhi Guo disagreed 3 he believed Zhi Yao was cruel (残暴的) to people. He warned that great ability without kind hearts would bring lots of 4 (disaster). But Zhi Xuanzi refused 5 (take) his advice. Later, Zhi Yao took over the clan and succeeded 6 building it into a powerful force, but his rude ways made other clans angry. As a result, other three clans decided to fight against him together. Finally, his clan 7 (beat) by them. From this story, we learn that virtue matters 8 (much) than talent. Only people with both of them can act 9 (wise). In fact, virtue is the basis of our life, and it always guides 10 (we) to walk on the right path. 【答案】 1．talks 2．the 3．because 4．disasters 5．to take 6．in 7． was beaten 1．more 2．wisely 3．us 【导语】本文通过《资治通鉴》中智宣子选智瑶为继承人的历史故事，阐述了才能与美德缺一不可的道理。 【详解】 1．句意：它主要讲述了一个人为什么需要才能和美德。根据前文“tells”可知，此处描述书本客观内容，应用一般现在时；主语“It”为第三人称单数，谓语动词talk加-s变为talks。 2．句意：他计划选择智瑶作为下一任领导人。设空处表示“下一个”，用定冠词the特指“下一任领导人”。 3．句意：一个叫智果的人不同意，因为他认为智瑶对百姓残暴。前后句为因果关系，后句解释原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 4．句意：他警告说，伟大的才能没有善良的心会带来许多灾难。设空处前有“lots of”修饰，应用可数名词复数；disaster的复数形式为disasters。 5．句意：但是智宣子拒绝接受他的建议。“refuse to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“拒绝做某事”，此处需用动词不定式作宾语。应用不定式to take。 6．句意：后来，智瑶接管了氏族，并成功将其打造成一支强大的力量，但他粗暴的方式激怒了其他氏族。“succeed in doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，building为动名词，此处需填介词in。 7．句意：最后，他的氏族被他们打败了。主语“his clan”与“beat”之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时的被动语态，beat的过去分词为beaten，单数主语用was，故填was beaten。 8．句意：从这个故事中，我们学到美德比才能更重要。标志词“than”提示用比较级，much的比较级为more。 9．句意：只有两者兼备的人才能明智地行动。修饰动词“act”需用副词，wise的副词形式为wisely。 10．句意：事实上，美德是我们生活的基础，它总是引导我们走在正确的道路上。设空处作“guides”的宾语，应用宾格；we的宾格为us。 Passage 4 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式，使短文通顺、连贯。 Yu the Great is one of the most famous legendary figures in ancient Chinese history. He is widely known for controlling and 1 (stop) serious floods. And he set up the Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century — 16th century BC), the first dynasty in Chinese history. His story fully shows the wisdom of ancient people. So far, his spirit 2 (influence) Chinese people from generation to generation. A long time ago, terrible floods hit the areas along the Yellow River almost every year. The big floods destroyed people’s houses and farms, making their lives hard and poor. Yu’s father once tried his best to control the floods. 3 (luck), all his efforts ended in failure. After his father passed away, Yu decided to continue this difficult task. 4 (lead) the flood water to the sea instead of stopping it forcefully, he spent years digging new rivers. Compared with his father, Yu improved the water channels with a 5 (good) way. With a devoted heart, Yu was so busy controlling the floods that he passed his home three times 6 (with) going in to see his family. He always asked his followers to look after 7 (they) when feeling tired, but he himself almost never stopped working. Finally, his hard work paid off. He put an end to the terrible floods. His great work not only saved the lives of thousands of people but also provided 8 (help) people there with a safe environment. Because of his great contributions and noble qualities, Yu 9 (win) great respect from all people at that time. Even today, the story of Yu the Great is still popular among Chinese people. Many students in schools 10 (encourage) to learn from him. As long as we stick to our goals and keep moving forward, we will finally achieve the impossible. 【答案】 1．stopping 2．has influenced 3．Unluckily 4．To lead 5．better 6．without 7．themselves 8．helpless 9．won 10．are encouraged 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代传说中的大禹治水的相关事迹，讲述他通过疏导的方式成功治理洪水、三过家门而不入的经历，以及他的精神从古至今对中国人产生的深远影响与激励作用。 【详解】 1．句意：他因治理和遏制严重的洪水而广为人知。and连接并列的动名词，作介词for的宾语，control变为动名词形式controlling，stop也要变为动名词形式stopping。 2．句意：到目前为止，他的精神一直影响着一代又一代的中国人。时间状语“So far”是现在完成时的标志，主语his spirit是单数，所以助动词用has，influence变为过去分词influenced，即has influenced。 3．句意：不幸的是，他所有的努力都以失败告终。此处修饰整个句子，需要用副词作状语，luck的副词形式是Unluckily，位于句首首字母大写。 4．句意：为了把洪水引入大海而不是强行堵截，他花了数年时间开凿新河道。此处表目的，要用动词不定式作目的状语，lead变为To lead，位于句首首字母大写。 5．句意：和他的父亲相比，禹用一种更好的方式改进了水道。Compared with his father提示此处暗含比较含义，good的比较级是better。 6．句意：怀着一颗热忱的心，禹忙于治理洪水，三次经过自己家都没有进去看望家人。结合语境这里表达“没有”的含义，with的反义词是without，介词后接动名词going符合用法。 7．句意：他总是让他的追随者们感到疲惫的时候照顾好自己，但是他自己几乎从未停止过工作。此处指代主语his followers本身，作look after的宾语，需要用反身代词，they的反身代词是themselves。 8．句意：他的伟大功绩不仅拯救了成千上万民众的生命，还给那里无助的人们提供了安全的环境。此处修饰名词people，需要用形容词作定语，结合语境表达“无助的”含义，help的形容词形式helpless符合语义。 9．句意：因为他的巨大贡献和高尚品质，禹在当时就赢得了所有人的极大尊重。时间状语“at that time”指代远古时期，句子用一般过去时，win的过去式是won。 10．句意：学校里的很多学生都被鼓励向他学习。主语Many students和动词encourage是被动关系，句子描述当下的普遍情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，结构为are encouraged。 Passage 5 （2026·山东·中考真题）阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。 Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) was a statesman and scholar (学者) of the Song Dynasty. When Fan Zhongyan was 22 years old, he 1 (give) a chance to study at the famous Yingtian Academy (书院). Fan Zhongyan was very poor and ate porridge for every meal. After four years of hard work, he passed the imperial examination 2 became a government official. When he 3 (leave) Yingtian Academy in 1015, Fan Zhongyan didn’t expect that he would return years later as its principal (负责人). On his return, he made many positive 4 (change). Looking back on his own student days, he often used his own money 5 (support) poor students. He also offered a 6 (talent) scholar named Sun Fu a position in the academy so that Sun Fu could work and study at the same time. With money to raise his family, Sun Fu studied day and night, 7 (final) becoming a respected scholar. In 1040, Fan Zhongyan became a vice governor. While working in what is today’s Henan Province in 1046, he made a 8 (decide) to improve education for the local people. Choosing a beautiful setting, he set up Huazhou Academy. There, Fan Zhongyan 9 (write) his most famous article, “On Yueyang Tower”. Fan Zhongyan devoted (奉献) 10 (he) time and money to supporting people in their search for knowledge. He set an example for many scholars, who in turn, would be encouraged to follow him. 【答案】 1．was given 2．and 3．left 4．changes 5．to support 6．talented 7．finally 8．decision 9．wrote 10．his 【导语】本文主要讲述了宋代政治家、学者范仲淹早年刻苦求学，为官后致力于改善教育、资助贫困学生并创办书院的事迹。 【详解】 1．句意：当范仲淹22岁时，他获得了一个在著名的应天书院学习的机会。主语“He”与“give”之间为被动关系(被给予机会)，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故填was given。 2．句意：经过四年的努力，他通过了科举考试并成为了一名政府官员。passed和became为并列谓语，用and连接，表示顺承关系。 3．句意：当他在1015年离开应天书院时，范仲淹没想到多年后他会作为书院负责人回来。根据“in 1015”可知描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，leave的过去式为left。 4．句意：在他回归后，他做了许多积极的改变。many后接可数名词复数，change的复数为changes。 5．句意：回顾自己的学生时代，他经常用自己的钱来资助贫困学生。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式to support。 6．句意：他还给一位名叫孙复的有才华的学者在书院提供了一个职位，这样孙复就可以一边工作一边学习。修饰名词scholar，需用形容词；talent对应的形容词为talented。 7．句意：有了养家的钱，孙复日夜苦读，最终成为了一位受人尊敬的学者。修饰动词becoming，需用副词；final对应的副词为finally。 8．句意：1046年，他在今天的河南省任职时，决定改善当地人民的教育。make a decision为固定搭配，意为“做决定”，decide对应的名词为decision。 9．句意：在那里，范仲淹写下了他最著名的文章《岳阳楼记》。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，write的过去式为wrote。 10．句意：范仲淹奉献自己的时间和金钱来支持人们追求知识。空处需使用he的形容词性物主代词his，修饰后面的名词time。 Passage 6 （2025·新疆·中考真题）阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 During the Warring States Period (战国时期), many states made changes to become stronger. One of the most 1 (success) changes was created by Shang Yang in Qin Shang Yang worked out a set of 2 (plan). At first, these plans were not easily 3 (accept) because people didn’t believe in him. To solve this problem, Shang Yang came 4 with an idea. He ordered his men to put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate. Then he said anyone who took the pole to the north gate would 5 (receive) 10 gold pieces. The task was so easy 6 nobody believed it was true. They all thought Shang Yang was joking. After seeing that, Shang Yang said he would offer 50 gold pieces to anyone who did it. And 7 (final), a man wanted to have a try. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. 8 his surprise, Shang Yang paid him 50 gold pieces. The news spread across the capital. Soon, people were saying Shang Yang was a man of 9 (he) word. Then people 10 (follow) him without question. With his efforts, Qin 11 (become) the strongest of all the states. 【答案】 1．successful 2．plans 3．accepted/acceptable 4．up 5．receive 6．that 7．finally 8．To 9．his 10．followed 11．became 【导语】本文讲述了战国时期商鞅通过“徙木立信”的故事赢得百姓信任，最终帮助秦国成为最强诸侯国的历史事件。 【详解】 1．句意：最成功的变革之一是由秦国的商鞅创造的。根据“most”和“changes”可知此处需用形容词最高级修饰名词，success的形容词形式为successful。故填successful。 2．句意：商鞅制定了一系列计划。根据“a set of”可知后接可数名词复数，plan的复数形式为plans。故填plans。 3．句意：起初，这些计划不易被接受。根据“were not easily”可知此处可以用被动语态，accept的过去分词为accepted。另外这里也可以用形容词acceptable“可接受的”作表语。故填accept/acceptable。 4．句意：为了解决这个问题，商鞅想出了一个主意。固定短语come up with表示“想出”，故填up。 5．句意：然后他说将杆子搬到北门的人会得到10金。根据“would”可知后面需用动词原形。故填receive。 6．句意：任务太简单以至于没人相信。此处是固定结构so…that…“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，故填that。 7．句意：最终，一个人决定尝试。final是形容词，此处修饰句子，应用副词作状语。故填finally。 8．句意：令他惊讶的是，商鞅给了他50金。固定短语to one’s surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”，首字母大写。故填To。 9．句意：很快人们说商鞅是个守信之人。固定短语a man of his word表示“守信之人”，word前用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。 10．句意：然后人们毫无疑虑地跟随他。根据上下文时态可知，此处是一般过去时，需用follow的过去式followed。故填followed。 11．句意：秦国成为所有诸侯国中最强大的。根据上下文时态可知，此处是一般过去时，需用become的过去式became。故填became。 Passage 7 （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题） Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought 1 (high) of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for 2 (him). Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi 1 (learn) how to be modest.” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I 2 (read) the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their 3 (meaning). I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old 4 (man) hand, but when he opened it, he became very 5 (surprise) because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were many more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of 6 (be) modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬的) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and 7 (leave). Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Being determined to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even 1 (hard) than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature. 【答案】 1．highly 2．himself 3．to learn 4．have read 5．meanings 6．man’s 7．surprised 8．being 9．left 10．harder 【导语】本文主要讲述了苏轼“发奋识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书”对联背后的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：人们对他的评价很高。think highly of“高度评价”，用副词修饰动词，故填highly。 2．句意：因此，他很得意，给自己写了一副对联。根据“he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for...”可知，他给自己写了一副对联，himself“他自己”符合语境，故填himself。 3．句意：一位智者看到这副对联，就想：“苏轼有必要学会谦虚。”此处是“It is+adj+for sb to do sth”句型，使用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to learn。 4．句意：到目前为止，这本书我已经读了好几遍，但仍有一些难懂的词我不懂。根据“So far”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故填have read。 5．句意：我问过很多人，但没有一个人能理解它们的意思。此处在动词后作宾语，用名词形式，meaning“意思”，their修饰可数名词复数。故填meanings。 6．句意：苏轼满怀信心地从老人手中接过书，但当他打开它时，他变得非常惊讶，因为里面有很多他不认识的词。此处作定语修饰“hand”，用名词所有格形式man’s，故填man’s。 7．句意：苏轼满怀信心地从老人手中接过书，但当他打开它时，他变得非常惊讶，因为里面有很多他不认识的词。根据“he became very...”可知，此处在句中作表语，修饰人，用surprised“惊讶的”，故填surprised。 8．句意：他只是想让苏轼知道谦虚的重要性。of是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填being。 9．句意：老人微笑着离开了。根据“The old man smiled and...”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。 10．句意：从那时起，他比以前更努力了。根据“than before”可知，应使用副词比较级，故填harder。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Wisdom counts 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——历史文物与 智慧故事） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 The Trojan War A Greek king once had a beautiful wife 1 (call) Helen. One day, a prince from Troy, called Paris, stole Helen away and brought her to Troy with him. The Greeks sent 2 (thousand) of ships to attack Troy. Troy, however, was powerful and well protected. The war lasted 3 many years. The Greeks had a soldier called Achilles (阿喀琉斯). He was the greatest 4 (fight) in the world. When he was born, his mother put him in a magic river. Every part of his body that touched the water became immortal (不朽的). But she had to hold his heel (脚后跟), so that part became his great weakness. Achilles killed many 5 (enemy). He was strong and cruel. He killed the greatest prince in Troy, called Hector. He then dragged (拖) Hector’s body around the city to mock (嘲笑) the Trojan people. The Greeks had still not won, though. They made a plan. They decided 6 (give) a gift to the city of Troy: a giant wooden horse. Late one evening, the Greeks pushed the wooden horse to the gates of Troy. The Trojans, seeing the gift, thought the Greeks had given up. 7 (happy), they took in the gift. That night, they celebrated and drank wine. But as they slept, the horse opened up and ropes (绳子) came down. It was a trick—the horse was filled 8 Greek soldiers. They opened the gates, 9 (burn) the city and killed most of the Trojans as they slept. The Greeks won the war. Achilles, though, was hit by 10 arrow in the final battle. It hit his heel, the only weak part of his body, and he died. Passage 2 Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao. Lian was a brave general (将军), and Lin was 1 excellent advisor. Lian was famous for 2 (win) battles (战役). Everyone respected him for his bravery. Lin, on the other hand, was clever and knew how to use words 3 (solve) problems. He once saved Heshibi for the King of Zhao and became a trusted advisor. But there was a problem. Lian felt worried after Lin got a 4 (high) place than him. He thought he should get greater honor because of his achievements in the war, while Lin achieved 5 (succeed) just through his skills in speaking and debating (辩论). Sometimes, Lian even spoke ill of Lin 6 his back. Lin didn’t want to argue or fight, so he avoided 7 (meet) Lian. It seemed that Lin was scared of him. When asked, Lin explained that he didn’t want to fight with Lian 8 it would harm their country. When Lian Po 9 (hear) this, he felt very sorry. He knew he was wrong. Right away, he took off his clothes, put thorns (荆条) on his back, and went to Lin Xiangru’s home to say sorry. Lin Xiangru 10 (quick) forgave him. After that, they became good friends and worked together to help the king run the country. Lian and Lin showed us that even if we have differences, we can still put aside our pride and achieve great things. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This is a famous story about Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. One day, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang 1 (make) 100,000 arrows (箭) for him. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I will bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.” Zhuge Liang let his soldiers (兵) fill twenty large boats with many straw (稻草) 2 (man). In the early morning of the 3 (three) day, Zhuge Liang’s soldiers made the boats near Cao Cao’s soldiers. They were 4 the other side of the river. Then Zhuge Liang’s soldiers played 5 (they) drums. When Cao Cao’s soldiers 6 (hear) the sounds, they thought they were under attack (袭击). The fog was so heavy 7 they could not see clearly. Cao Cao shouted, “Listen! Zhuge Liang’s soldiers 8 (come) to us now. Shoot arrows to the sounds of the drums and the shouting.” Soon Zhuge Liang’s boats had many arrows. Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then turned the boats back. “ 9 (luck) us!”, they shouted. Finally, Zhuge Liang succeeded in 10 (get) more than 100,000 arrows. Passage 4 （26-27八年级上·全国·单元测试）Lu Ban was one of the most famous craftsmen (手艺人) in ancient China. He was well-known for 1 (he) creative (有创造力的) ways of making tools and buildings with great skills. Lu Ban showed a gift for making things when he was 2 young child. His family had a tradition of craftsmanship, but life was still not easy. Young Lu Ban had to work very hard to learn the skills. He started to study craftsmanship from his family 3 other excellent craftsmen at that time. To learn how to build better houses and tools, Lu Ban 4 (travel) to many places. He learned different structures (结构) of buildings and 5 (way) of making things. After years of practice, he 6 (develop) new methods of carpentry (木工方法). Also, he became the 7 (one) craftsman in Chinese history to turn common wood (普通木材) into amazing works, like useful tools. Lu Ban was also good at 8 (make) farming tools. He improved the farming tools and helped farmers work more easily. The tools he made were so 9 (help) that they were used for a long time. During his lifetime, Lu Ban made more 10 100 useful tools and buildings. So people think of him as “the Father of Chinese Craftsmanship”. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一至两个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Lord Pingyuan (平原君) was from the State of Zhao (赵国). At that time, the State of Qin was 1 (strong) than the State of Zhao. The State of Qin wanted to control the State of Zhao, so Lord Pingyuan decided to go to the State of Chu to ask 2 help. He wanted to take twenty smart 3 (man) with him, but he could only find nineteen. Then Mao Sui came and said, “I’m 4 one you need.” He was very confident (自信的). Lord Pingyuan let Mao Sui join the team. 5 they got to the State of Chu, the king didn’t want to help the State of Zhao at first. But Mao Sui was brave (勇敢的). He went up to the king and explained 6 (clear) why the State of Zhao needed help. The king was 7 (surprise) and started to listen to him. Mao Sui explained the importance of the friendship between the State of Chu and the State of Zhao, and the king decided 8 (help). Hearing the good news, everyone in the State of Zhao 9 (be) happy, and respected Mao Sui. This story teaches 10 (we) to be confident, and not to be afraid to show our abilities to others. Passage 6 During the Warring States Period, King Zhao of the State of Yan wanted to gather talented people 1 (make) the state strong. He asked the scholar Guo Wei for 2 (advise). Guo told the king a story. In ancient times, there was a king who wanted a special kind of horse. It could run 1,000 li a day, which was called qianlima. He sent many people to find these horses, but nobody found 3 (he) such a horse. One day, someone new 4 (volunteer) to help. Within three months, he heard about a qianlima. He rushed to find it, 5 the horse was already dead. Still, he bought the bones of the horse with 500 pieces of gold. The king was very angry. “What I want is a live horse, 6 the bones of a dead horse!” The man answered calmly, “Imagine this. You’re willing to pay a high price for a dead horse, let alone a live one. This shows people you truly wish to buy the horses. Just wait and the horses you want 7 (come) very soon.” Indeed, within a year, many qianlima owners brought their horses to the king. Guo told the king that he could see himself as the bones of the horse. “If I 8 (value), more talents will be willing to serve the state,” he said. The king built houses for Guo and treated him as his teacher. Soon, talented people across the state came to help the king. His state finally 9 (beat) the State of Qi. As the essay On Horses says, qianlima are common, but a person who can find them is rare. On the other hand, if you have all-around abilities, 10 of waiting for someone to find you, you can actively sell yourself. Passage 7 根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。 “Hou sheng ke wei” is a Chinese idiom (成语). It 1 (mean) young people, full of young spirits, will often surpass (超越) older people. Here’s the story of the idiom. In ancient times, the great thinker Confucius often 2 (travel) through all the states, teaching. One day, he took his carriage (四轮马车) 3 went out on one of these journeys. 4 (sudden) seeing a child in the middle of the road, he asked the driver to stop. Confucius said to the child, “Could you please give way to 5 (I) carriage?” The child said, “Can’t you see that there’s 6 castle (城堡) here?”, pointing at a small castle he had made on the road. The child continued, “I only heard that carriages move around a castle. I’ve never heard that a castle should give way to traffic.” Confucius was really 7 (surprise) and said, “At such a young age, you seem to know quite a lot.” The kid raised his head and looked straight 8 Confucius. He said, “I heard fish can swim when they’re born and that rabbits can run on the 9 (three) day after birth. You see, age doesn’t make a 10 (different).” Hearing this, Confucius felt the child was clever and said, “Oh, young people today are really amazing.” Then he asked the carriage driver to go around the child’s castle. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （2026·新疆乌鲁木齐·中考真题）阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 Long, long ago, a kind man, Liu Bei, wanted to save his people and build a strong country. Someone told him a wise man 1 (call) Zhuge Liang could help to achieve his dream. So Liu Bei decided to visit him. Zhuge Liang lived in a cottage (茅屋). The first time Liu Bei went there, Zhuge Liang was away. A few 2 (day) later, he visited again. But Zhuge Liang was still not at home. His men felt 3 (tire) and wanted to give up. However, Liu Bei didn’t lose heart. He said he must 4 (visit) the wise man. 5 a cold snowy day, he paid another visit. This time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping at home. Liu Bei told his men to keep quiet 6 wait outside patiently. After a long wait, Zhuge Liang woke up. He was deeply 7 (move) by Liu Bei’s respect. He agreed to help 8 (he). They talked about ways 9 (make) the country better. From then on, Zhuge Liang gave Liu Bei many good 10 (suggestion). With his help, Liu Bei built his own country 11 (successful) in the end. Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·吉林·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to tell you a story about Bao, which is popular 1 Chinese people. A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market 2 (he). One day he fell asleep on a rock after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he 3 (sad) found his coins were gone. The boy cried because the money 4 (use) to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother. Bao happened 5 (pass) through the market. After knowing about the situation, he ordered everyone in the market to put 6 coin into a basin (盆) filled with water. When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao 7 (catch) the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins. Bao explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily 8 (product) in the market 9 the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.” Many of the stories about Bao were made into some movies, novels, operas and so on. Today Bao is still considered as one of the 10 (great) officials in history and is loved by Chinese people. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷规定的位置上。 Historian Sima Guang tells a meaningful story in his book History as a Mirror (《资治通鉴》). It mainly 1 (talk) about why a person needs both talent and virtue (美德). During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi Xuanzi was the leader of a large clan (氏族) in the State of Jin. He planned to choose Zhi Yao as 2 next leader. A man called Zhi Guo disagreed 3 he believed Zhi Yao was cruel (残暴的) to people. He warned that great ability without kind hearts would bring lots of 4 (disaster). But Zhi Xuanzi refused 5 (take) his advice. Later, Zhi Yao took over the clan and succeeded 6 building it into a powerful force, but his rude ways made other clans angry. As a result, other three clans decided to fight against him together. Finally, his clan 7 (beat) by them. From this story, we learn that virtue matters 8 (much) than talent. Only people with both of them can act 9 (wise). In fact, virtue is the basis of our life, and it always guides 10 (we) to walk on the right path. Passage 4 （2026·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式，使短文通顺、连贯。 Yu the Great is one of the most famous legendary figures in ancient Chinese history. He is widely known for controlling and 1 (stop) serious floods. And he set up the Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century — 16th century BC), the first dynasty in Chinese history. His story fully shows the wisdom of ancient people. So far, his spirit 2 (influence) Chinese people from generation to generation. A long time ago, terrible floods hit the areas along the Yellow River almost every year. The big floods destroyed people’s houses and farms, making their lives hard and poor. Yu’s father once tried his best to control the floods. 3 (luck), all his efforts ended in failure. After his father passed away, Yu decided to continue this difficult task. 4 (lead) the flood water to the sea instead of stopping it forcefully, he spent years digging new rivers. Compared with his father, Yu improved the water channels with a 5 (good) way. With a devoted heart, Yu was so busy controlling the floods that he passed his home three times 6 (with) going in to see his family. He always asked his followers to look after 7 (they) when feeling tired, but he himself almost never stopped working. Finally, his hard work paid off. He put an end to the terrible floods. His great work not only saved the lives of thousands of people but also provided 8 (help) people there with a safe environment. Because of his great contributions and noble qualities, Yu 9 (win) great respect from all people at that time. Even today, the story of Yu the Great is still popular among Chinese people. Many students in schools 10 (encourage) to learn from him. As long as we stick to our goals and keep moving forward, we will finally achieve the impossible. Passage 5 （2026·山东·中考真题）阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。 Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) was a statesman and scholar (学者) of the Song Dynasty. When Fan Zhongyan was 22 years old, he 1 (give) a chance to study at the famous Yingtian Academy (书院). Fan Zhongyan was very poor and ate porridge for every meal. After four years of hard work, he passed the imperial examination 2 became a government official. When he 3 (leave) Yingtian Academy in 1015, Fan Zhongyan didn’t expect that he would return years later as its principal (负责人). On his return, he made many positive 4 (change). Looking back on his own student days, he often used his own money 5 (support) poor students. He also offered a 6 (talent) scholar named Sun Fu a position in the academy so that Sun Fu could work and study at the same time. With money to raise his family, Sun Fu studied day and night, 7 (final) becoming a respected scholar. In 1040, Fan Zhongyan became a vice governor. While working in what is today’s Henan Province in 1046, he made a 8 (decide) to improve education for the local people. Choosing a beautiful setting, he set up Huazhou Academy. There, Fan Zhongyan 9 (write) his most famous article, “On Yueyang Tower”. Fan Zhongyan devoted (奉献) 10 (he) time and money to supporting people in their search for knowledge. He set an example for many scholars, who in turn, would be encouraged to follow him. Passage 6 （2025·新疆·中考真题）阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 During the Warring States Period (战国时期), many states made changes to become stronger. One of the most 1 (success) changes was created by Shang Yang in Qin Shang Yang worked out a set of 2 (plan). At first, these plans were not easily 3 (accept) because people didn’t believe in him. To solve this problem, Shang Yang came 4 with an idea. He ordered his men to put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate. Then he said anyone who took the pole to the north gate would 5 (receive) 10 gold pieces. The task was so easy 6 nobody believed it was true. They all thought Shang Yang was joking. After seeing that, Shang Yang said he would offer 50 gold pieces to anyone who did it. And 7 (final), a man wanted to have a try. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. 8 his surprise, Shang Yang paid him 50 gold pieces. The news spread across the capital. Soon, people were saying Shang Yang was a man of 9 (he) word. Then people 10 (follow) him without question. With his efforts, Qin 11 (become) the strongest of all the states. Passage 7 （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题） Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought 1 (high) of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for 2 (him). Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi 1 (learn) how to be modest.” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I 2 (read) the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their 3 (meaning). I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old 4 (man) hand, but when he opened it, he became very 5 (surprise) because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were many more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of 6 (be) modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬的) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and 7 (leave). Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Being determined to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even 1 (hard) than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $