Unit 6 Wisdom counts（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册
|
2份
|
52页
|
7人阅读
|
0人下载
精品
内容正文：
Unit 6 Wisdom counts（复习讲义)
复习要点
1. 语言知识：掌握本单元重点单词、短语、句型；理解倒装句、while 引导时间状语从句；辨析except / except for / besides；掌握beat / win、fill…with… / be full of / be filled with等易混词组
2. 语言技能：能读懂智慧主题的阅读短文；会完成单词拼写、选词填空、完形、阅读还原、短文填空；能运用单元词汇完成书面表达
3. 语法知识：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；瞬间动词与延续性动词转换
复习重难点
重点：
1. 单词：hide，secretly，army，enter，succeed，capture，trick，fight，attack，beat，fill，remain，locate，therefore等
2. 短语：make jokes about，succeed in doing，play a trick on，be under attack，be full of /be filled with，fill…with…，be located in
3. 语法：现在完成时；for /since；瞬间动词变延续性动词
难点：
1. 地点副词置于句首的完全倒装（主语是代词不倒装）
2.except / except for / besides辨析
3.while 引导过去进行时句型
4. 瞬间动词与延续性动词替换，现在完成时和一般过去时区分
单元考点：单词、短语、句型
知识点1：Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse.城市的正门外瘟立着一匹巨大的木马。（教材P84）
【句型分析】Outside…stood.….是一个倒装句,其正常语序是:A huge wooden horse stood outside the main gate of the city. 英语中当表示地点的副词（如 outside，inside，here，there)置于句首时,句子用“地点副词 +谓语+主语”的倒装结构。
注意：只用于不及物动词（stand /lie/sit /come 等）；主语是代词时，不倒装。
例句：
Inside the room sat an old man. 屋子里面坐着一位老人。（正常语序：An old man sat inside the room.）
There stands a tall tree. 那里矗立着一棵大树。（正常语序：A tall tree stands there.）
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。（主语 the bus 是名词，倒装）
对比：Here it comes. 它来了。（主语 it 是代词，不倒装）
【即时小练】
1.( ) Look! There ______ a tall tower over there.
A．stand B．stands C．is standing D．stood
2.(翻译)
1.山脚下坐落着一个小村庄。
倒装语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
正常语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
2.广场中央矗立着一座高塔。
倒装语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
正常语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
知识点2：The sang and danced around the horse,and make jokes about the stupid Greeks.他们围着马边唱边跳，还拿那些愚蠢的希腊人开玩笑。（教材P85）
【词汇短语】
(1)joke n. 笑话；玩笑 v. 开玩笑
(2)make jokes about 拿…… 开玩笑；取笑……
✅ 同义短语：play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑（侧重捉弄某人）
✅ 【拓展】tell jokes 讲笑话 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人（偏恶作剧）
【即时小练】
1.We should be kind to our classmates and never ________ their looks or mistakes—it will hurt their feelings.
A．make jokes about B．take care of
C．look forward to D．pay attention to
2.Tom often ______ his classmates, so they don’t like him.
A. play joke on B. plays a joke on C. plays joke to D. play a joke with
知识点3：By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.到了午夜，除了那匹巨大的木马，主广场上空无一人。（教材P85）
【词汇和短语】
（1）by+时间,表示“在……之前”（强调截止时间）。
例句：We must finish the work by Friday.我们必须在周五之前完成这项工作。
（2）except prep.除了…之外
【辨析】except， except for， besides
例句：We all went to the park except Tom.除了 Tom，我们都去公园了。
Your article is great except for some small mistakes.除了几处小错误，你的文章很棒。
Besides math, he also likes physics.除了数学之外，他还喜欢物理。
（3）empty adj.空的
例句：The hall was almost empty after the show.演出结束后，大厅几乎空无一人。
✅ 拓展变形：empty 还可作动词 v. 倒空；腾空
例：Please empty your bag.请把你的包腾空。
✅ 反义词：full 满的
固定搭配：be full of = be filled with 充满
【即时小练】
一、单项选择
1.( ) All my classmates joined the mountain‑climbing activity ________ Steven. He had a bad cold.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. beside
2.( ) ________ history, the teenager is also good at geography and biology.
A. Except B. Except for C. Besides D. Beside
3.( ) The old painting looks perfect ________ several small marks on its corner.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside
4.( ) —Did you learn any other study methods _______ taking notes?
—Yes, I learned three. But I have forgotten all _______ a few steps of each.
A．besides; besides B．except; except
C．except; besides D．besides; except
5.( ) The bottle is not ______. It is full of orange juice.
A. empty B. quiet C. modern D. ancient
二、翻译句子
1. 到晚上八点为止，我们已经完成了作业。
__________________________________________________________________________
2. 除了几处拼写错误，这份报告很不错。
__________________________________________________________________________
知识点4：Where are the remains of Troy located?特洛伊遗址位于何处？（教材P85）
【词汇和短语】
(1) remains n. 遗迹；遗址；残留物（常用复数）
例句：The remains of the old city can still be seen. 这座古城的遗迹依旧可以被看见。
【拓展】remain还可以作动词；意为 “保持；仍然是；剩余”
例句：He remained silent. 他保持沉默。
(2) locate v. 使坐落于；定位 →location n. 位置；地点
✅ 【搭配】be located in/at… 位于……
例句：The town is located at the foot of the mountain. 这座小镇坐落在山脚下。
No one knows the exact location of the ancient palace. 没有人知道这座古宫殿的确切位置。
【即时小练】
一、完成句子
1.The ________ (remain) of the ancient building are on the hill. 古建筑的遗迹在山上。
2.The small village ________ ________ (locate) beside the river. 这个小村庄坐落在河边。
3.Can you tell me the exact ________ (locate) of the museum? 你能告诉我博物馆的确切位置吗？
二、单项选择
1.( ) The remains of the old castle ______ on the top of the mountain.
A．is B．are C．was D．be
三、翻译句子
1.特洛伊遗址位于土耳其。
___________________________________________________________________________
知识点5：Some Greek soldiers were hiding inside.一些希腊士兵正躲在里面。（教材P85）
【词汇】hide v. 躲藏；隐藏；隐瞒
✅变形：hide（原形）→ hid（过去式）→ hidden（过去分词）→ hiding（现在分词）
✅搭配：hide behind sth. 躲在某物后面 hide sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事
例句：The cat hid behind the door. 那只猫躲在了门后。
【句型】过去进行时：was/were + doing
含义：表示过去某个时间，动作正在进行。
例句：He was reading a book at eight last night. 昨晚八点他正在看书。
【即时小练】
1.The girls ______ behind the wall when we passed by.
A. hide B. hid C. was hiding D. were hiding
2.He ______ his secret ______ his best friend.
A. hid; from B. hide; for C. hidden; from D. hid; for
知识点6：These soldiers secretly came back while the Trojans were celebrating.这些士兵在特洛伊人庆祝之际秘密返回了。（教材P85）
【词汇】
(1)secretly adv. 秘密地；悄悄地→secret adj. 秘密的；保密的 n. 秘密
✅ 搭配：keep a secret 保守秘密；in secret 秘密地（短语，相当于 secretly）
例句：He left secretly. = He left in secret. 他悄悄离开了。
(2)soldier n. 士兵；军人
【句型】while 引导时间状语从句
while + 过去进行时，主句 + 一般过去时 含义：正当…… 的时候（从句动作是延续性动作，主句动作在从句动作进行的过程中发生）
结构：主语 + 一般过去时 … while + 主语 + was/were + doing …
👉 重点：while 强调从句动作正在持续进行，多用进行时态；从句动词必须是延续性动词。
对比：when 既可接延续性动词，也可接短暂性动词。
【即时小练】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.She climbed over the wall ________ (secret) to meet her friend.
2.This is a ________ (secret) plan for our trip.
3.The thief ran away while the guards ________ (watch) the show.
知识点7：Now the Greek army entered the city.如今，希腊军队进入了这座城市。（教材P85）
【词汇】
(1)army n. 军队；陆军
✅搭配：the Greek army 希腊军队；join the army 参军；an army of… 一大群……
用法：army 是集合名词，可看作整体（谓语单数），也可强调士兵个体（谓语复数）
例：The army was ready. 军队整装待发。（整体）
The army were eating their meals. 士兵们正在吃饭。（个体）
(2)enter v. 进入；加入
⚠️ 重点：enter = go into /come into，后面不加介词 into，不能说 enter into the room
✅搭配：enter the city 进城；enter the room 进入房间；enter a competition 参加比赛
例：He entered the hall quietly. = He went into the hall quietly.
【即时小练】
1.They went into the meeting room.（同义句）
They ________ the meeting room.
2.Please don’t ________ the lab without asking.
A. enter into B. enter C. going into D. to enter
3.The cat entered ________ the house through a kitchen window.
A．in B．to C．at D．/
知识点8：In the end, they succeeded in capturing it in just one night with a clever trick--and without any fighting.最终，他们仅用一个妙计就在一夜之间成功攻占了它，而且没有任何战斗。（教材P85）
【词汇和短语】
(1) in the end 最后；最终（作状语）同义表达：at last；finally
(2) succeed in 成功做成某事
✅ succeed v. 成功；达成→success n. 成功；成功的人/事→successful adj. 成功的successfully → adv. 成功地
✅ 【搭配】：succeed in doing sth.
(3)capture 攻占；捕获；俘虏
(4) trick 妙计；诡计；花招；v. 欺骗
✅ 【搭配】a clever trick 一条妙计；trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事; play a trick on sb 提弄某人
(5)fight 战斗；打斗；v. 打仗，搏斗
✅ 变形：fight→ fought（过去式 / 过去分词） fighter战±；斗士
✅ 【搭配】fight for 为…… 而战；fight against 和…… 作斗争；have a fight with sb. 和某人打架
例句：They took the city without any fighting.
【即时小练】单句语法填空。
1.He succeeded in ________ (pass) the important exam.
2.The ________ (success) young man set up his own company.
3.The army ________ (capture) the village two days ago.
4.Don’t play a trick ________ the old man. It’s not polite.
5.They fought ________ the bad people to protect their home.
6.______ the end, they found the lost horse.
知识点9：When Cao Cao’s soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack.当曹操的士兵听到这些声音时，他们以为遭到了攻击。(教材P94）
【词汇和短语】
（1）attack v. 攻击；袭击；抨击 n. 攻击；袭击
✅ 变形：attack → attacked（过去式 / 过去分词）；attacking（现在分词）
例句：The enemy attacked at night. 敌人在夜里发起了进攻。
（2）be under attack 遭到攻击；受到袭击（固定短语，under + 名词，表示 “处于…… 状态”）
相当于被动：be attacked
✅ 拓展同类短语：
be under repair 在维修中 be under discussion 在讨论中
例句：The city was under attack. 这座城市遭到了攻击。
【即时小练】单句语法填空
1.The camp ________ (attack) by the enemies last night.
2.The old bridge is ________ repair, so we can’t cross it.
3.They thought their village was ________ attack.
4.The wolves ________ (attack) the sheep an hour ago.
知识点10：We Trojans can’t be beaten!我们特洛伊人不可战胜!(教材P91）
The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.士兵们大声呼喊，猛烈地敲起鼓来。(教材P94）
【词汇】beat v. 打败；战胜；敲打；（心脏）跳动
✅ 变形：beat（原形）→ beat（过去式）→ beaten（过去分词）→ beating（现在分词）
重点区分：
beat sb. /a team 打败某人 / 某队（对手是人、队伍）
win a game /a war /a prize 赢得比赛 / 战争 / 奖品（宾语是事物）
✅ 搭配：beat the drum (s) 敲鼓 beat sb. 打败某人
例句：We beat them in the game. 我们在比赛中打败了他们。
My heart is beating fast. 我的心跳得很快。
【即时小练】
一、单项选择
1.（ ）We ______ Class Three and ______ the basketball match last Friday.
A. won; beat B. beat; won C. beat; beat D. won; won
2.（ ）Look! His heart ______ quickly after running.
A. beat B. beats C. is beating D. was beating
3（ ）Don’t ______ the drum so loudly. The baby is sleeping.
A. beat B. beaten C. beating D. to beat
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.They ________ (beat) the enemy in the battle many years ago.
2.Our team was ________ (beat) by them yesterday.
3.Listen! Someone ________ (beat) the drums in the hall.
知识点11：Zhuge Liang’s boats were soon full of arrows.诸葛亮的船很快便被箭矢填满了。(教材P94）
...he ordered his soldiers to fill 20 boats witth straw men.他命令士兵们用稻草人装满20艘船。(教材P94）
【词汇和短语】
(1) fill v. 装满，填满
(2)fill...with用…… 把…… 装满（主动）
(3)be full of 充满；装满
✅ 同义短语：be filled with
The box is full of books. = The box is filled with books.这个箱子装满了书。
【即时小练】
1.( )The bottle is full ______ orange juice.
A. of B. with C. in D. for
2.( )He ______ the box ______ old photos yesterday.
A. filled; of B. filled; with C. full; of D. full; with
3.( )The small house ______ all kinds of beautiful flowers.
A. full of B. filled with C. is full of D. fill with
知识点12：therefore 的用法
✅词性：副词（adv.），不是连词，不能直接连接两个完整句子。
✅含义：表示因果，由上文的原因，推导出下文结果，书面语气较强（阅读理解、完形高频）。
✅两种常用句式
1.therefore 置于句首，后面加逗号，再接句子。
It began to rain heavily. Therefore, we had to put off the sports meeting.
下起了大雨，因此我们不得不推迟运动会。
2.therefore 放在句中，前后用逗号隔开；也可放在 be 动词 / 助动词之后、实义动词之前。
He was ill and, therefore, could not come.他生病了，所以不能来。
He is rich and therefore can buy many things.他很富有，因此可以买很多东西。
【即时小练】
1.Age is the secret of women. ________, you’d better not ask this question.
A．Instead B．Therefore C．Although D．However
单元语法：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
辨析
侧重点不同
时间状语不同
现在完成时
表示的动作虽然在过去发生，但是强调对现在产生的结果或影响。
I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。（强调现在可以去做别的事的结果）
He has lived in this city for five years. 他已经在这座城市生活五年了。（强调现在仍在这座城市生活的影响）
already（已经）; yet（还）; before（以前）; for + 过去一段时间 ;ever（曾经）; never（从未）; just（刚刚）; since + 过去时间点 / 从句; so far（到目前为止）; up to now（到目前为止）;in the past/last +时间段......
一般过去时
一般过去时：只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，强调动作发生的时间，不表示和现在的关系；一般过去时常用非持续性动词，如 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become 等。
例句：She finished her work last night. 她昨晚完成了工作。（强调完成工作的时间是昨晚）
We lived in that small town ten years ago. 十年前我们住在那个小镇。（强调过去住在小镇的动作）
时间段 + ago; just now（刚才）; last week（上周）; in 2024（在 2024 年）; yesterday（昨天）; the day before yesterday（前天）; in the past（在过去）......
注意：
（1）有时两者的时间状语相同，如：this morning, this afternoon 和 today 等。
使用时要从动作是否已经完成这一标准来判断选用哪种时态。如果动作还未完成，则使用现在完成时；如果动作在过去某一确切的时间已经完成，则用一般过去时。
试比较：
① It has been snowy this morning. 今天上午下了一上午的雪。（现在还是上午，雪也还未停）
It was snowy this morning. 今天上午下雪了。（上午已经过去，雪也已经停了）
② She has worked in this company for three years. 她在这家公司工作三年了。（现在还在公司工作）
She worked in this company for three years. 她在这家公司工作过三年。（现在已不在公司工作）
③ They haven't visited the museum this week. 这周，他们没参观过博物馆。（现在还是这周）
They didn't visit the museum this week. 这周，他们没参观博物馆。（现在已不是这周）
（2）一般过去时和现在完成时有时可以相互转换。
① The meeting has been on for ten minutes. 会议已经开了十分钟了。
→The meeting started ten minutes ago. 会议是十分钟前开始的。
② Tom has kept that novel for two days. 汤姆借了那本小说两天了。
→Tom borrowed that novel two days ago. 汤姆两天前借了那本小说。
二、延续性动词与延续性动词
非延续性动词（瞬间动词）通常不能和表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long）连用，应该用意义与其相近的延续性动词来代替它们，或将现在完成时改为一般过去时。
注意：瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has left. (√)
He has left for three years. (×)
如要表达 “他已经走了三年”，可用以下方式表达：
(1) 使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.
(2) 将瞬间动词替换成延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。 He has been away for three years.
(3) 用 “It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时” 的从句。 It is three years since he left here.
瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转换
leave — be away become — be
buy — have borrow — keep/have
marry — be married die — be dead
begin — be on reach/arrive at/in/get to — be in
catch a cold — have a cold fall asleep — be asleep
join the army — be in the army/be a soldier in the army
【即时小练】
1.He has lived in this small town ________ five years .
A．for B．since C．in D．at
2.Jackson ________ school two years ago. In other words, he ________ for two years.
A．leaves; has gone B．left; has been away C．leaves; has been away
8.My grandparents ________ in this small town since 2010. They love living here.
A．live B．lived C．have lived D．are living
9.—How long ________ you ________ in the reading club?
—Since Grade Seven.
A．have; been B．did; be C．are; being D．were; being
10.I ________ this bicycle for five years, but it still works well.
A．have bought B．have had C．bought D．buy
二、用for/since填空
1．All my classmates have learned English over five years.
2．Our English teacher has taught in this school he came to Shanghai.
3．Doctor Green has been away from Beijing a week.
4．He has not bought any new mobile phone 2012.
5．We have decided to stay there a couple of days.
6．Peter has had this watch more than two years.
7．My cousin has been abroad two months.
8．Mr Brown has been busy last weekend.
三、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Jack’s grandparents ________ (buy) this box since it appeared ten years ago.
2．He ________ (buy) this bike two years ago. → He ________ ________ this bike for two years.
3.—How long ________ the two heroes ________ (marry)?
—They ________ (get) married in 2015, so they ________ (be) together for over 10 years.
4.He __________ (leave) his hometown in 2021. He __________ (be) away for 5 years.
5.The film ________ (be) on for ten minutes. It ________ (start) at 7:00 p.m.
6．I ________ (borrow) the book a week ago. → I ________ ________ the book for a week.
7．They ________ (marry) since 2010. → They ________ ________ married since 2010.
8．She ________ (leave) since three days ago. → She ________ away for three days.
9．—I’m sorry for being late.
—Never mind. The meeting ________ (begin) for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
10．He ________ (buy) this car two years ago. → He ________ ________ this car for two years.
（时间：40分钟）
一、单词拼写
1．If you work hard, you will s________ in passing the English exam.
2．The old house has been e________ for years, with no one living in it.
3.When the little girl saw her mom, she ran t________ her with a big smile on her face.
4．His brother joined the a________ and became a soldier.
5.The brave dog tried to a________ the thief to protect its owner’s house.
6．My mom likes to f________ the fridge with fresh fruit every weekend.
7.He studied very hard, but he still f________ in the exam—he felt really sad.
8.Please don’t f________ with your classmates. We should solve problems by talking.
9．It started to rain heavily; t________, we had to cancel our picnic in the park.
10.The r________ of the old bridge show how people built it long ago.
11.You should ________ (把……安置在) the plants where they can get enough sunlight.
12．Don’t make ________ (笑话) about others. It’s not polite.
13.Everyone passed the exam ________ (除……外) Tom.
14.The little boy ________ (藏；隐蔽) behind the door to surprise his friends.
15.Our v________ in the debate competition was unexpected but exciting.
二、选词填空
make jokes about succeed in be tired of go on board be jealous of be full of
1．Never other people’s mistakes.
2．After many tries, she finally solving the puzzle.
3．The tourists will the ship at five o’clock.
4．The old box letters and photos.
5．He was beginning to doing the same work every day.
6．Do not your friend’s success; learn from it.
7．The hall people before the show started.
8．If you passing the test, you will feel proud.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Wisdom is the key to a happy life. Everyone wants to be wise, but few people truly understand what wisdom is.
Many people think wisdom means knowing a lot of things. However, wisdom is more than 1 . A person with much knowledge may still make silly mistakes if he cannot use his knowledge 2 .
A wise person is always calm and honest. He does not judge things too quickly. He will 3 twice before making decisions. He knows that appearances can be 4 . So he never judges a person or a thing only by its outside.
Wise people are also good at learning from others. They are not too proud to accept useful 5 from different people. They know everyone has advantages that they can 6 from.
In our daily life, we can also improve our wisdom. When we meet difficulties, we should stay patient instead of feeling 7 . When we make mistakes, we should correct them bravely and learn a good 8 .
Wisdom cannot be bought or received in a short time. It comes from years of thinking, practicing and 9 . It helps us walk steadily on the road of life and become a 10 person.
1．A．knowledge B．money C．time D．energy
2．A．badly B．properly C．carelessly D．slowly
3．A．speak B．look C．think D．watch
4．A．true B．wrong C．clear D．real
5．A．news B．gifts C．advice D．stories
6．A．learn B．borrow C．steal D．separate
7．A．hopeful B．upset C．relaxed D．surprised
8．A．lesson B．story C．word D．way
9．A．arguing B．complaining C．experiencing D．forgetting
10．A．smarter B．lazier C．quieter D．simpler
四、阅读理解
A
During the last years of the Warring States period (战国时期) , the State of Qin wanted to take control of Chu. At first, a young Qin general won several fights and took a few small towns. But later, his soldiers were caught in an ambush (伏击), and he had to run away. After this failure, the ruler of Qin decided to choose a more experienced general— Wang Jian.
Wang Jian led a large army to the border (边境). Instead of attacking at once, he set up simple camps and ordered his soldiers to eat well, sleep well and keep training every day. They built low walls and stayed watchful, but made no move to fight.
The Chu soldiers, on the other hand, had to stay ready day and night because they were worried about a sudden attack. As days turned into months, they grew tired and less careful. Over time, they began to believe that their enemy only wanted to protect itself and would not attack.
After more than a year, the Chu army finally began to pull back. At that moment, Wang Jian saw his chance. He ordered a full attack. The tired Chu soldiers could not fight back and soon ran away. Wang Jian’s army moved quickly across Chu’s land and finally reached its capital.
Wang Jian’s success was not luck. His victory came from his strategy. It teaches us that sometimes the best way to win is not to rush, but to stay calm, prepare well, and wait for the right moment.
1．Why did the young Qin general fail in his later fights?
A．Because his army chose the wrong road. B．Because the Chu soldiers had more food.
C．Because he did not expect Chu’s sudden attack. D．Because his soldiers were too young and too tired.
2．What did Wang Jian do after he led the army?
A．He told his soldiers to rest and train. B．He attacked the Chu soldiers at once.
C．He built high walls to protect his army. D．He felt scared so he hid behind his army.
3．What happened to the Chu soldiers after months of waiting?
A．They got tired from long guarding. B．They received help from other states.
C．They grew bored and started fighting. D．They asked Wang Jian to stop the war.
4．What does “It” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Wang Jian’s luck. B．Wang Jian’s victory.
C．The right moment. D．The best way to win.
5．Which of the following words best describes Wang Jian in this story?
A．Brave and lucky. B．Proud and active.
C．Strict and honest. D．Patient and wise.
B
Here are two traditional Chinese stories. They are both interesting and educational.
In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin had a fight with the State of Zhao. Some talented people were needed to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Sui—a man who believed he was the right person for this task—came and recommended himself. And he made the king of Chu send the army to help successfully. Zhao was safe. From then on, Mao Sui became a well-known hero of the state. Everyone respected him a lot.
One day, while travelling, Confucius heard of a child named Xiang Tuo who was said to be very smart although he was young. So Confucius looked for Xiang Tuo and met him. Confucius, with great respect in his voice, said, “Young boy, I’ve heard about your cleverness. I’m willing to have a conversation with you.”
Xiang Tuo, unafraid and calm, answered Confucius’s questions confidently. His answers were sharp and unique (独特的). He told ancient legends that Confucius hadn’t known. Instead of feeling ashamed of being outdone (胜过) by a child, Confucius listened carefully. Then he thanked Xiang Tuo sincerely, saying, “Today, from you, a young boy, ▲ . Thank you!”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why did Mao Sui recommend himself?
A．Because he wanted to become a famous hero of Zhao.
B．Because he hoped to help Zhao ask for help from Chu.
C．Because he wanted to fight against Qin with his own army.
D．Because he respected the king of Chu very much.
2．What can we learn from the story “Mao Sui Zi Jian”?
A．We should keep modest (谦虚的) and never feel too proud.
B．We should ask others for help when we are in trouble.
C．We should be confident and take the opportunity to show our talents.
D．We should make more friends who can give us a hand in danger.
3．Why did Confucius look for Xiang Tuo?
A．Because Xiang Tuo asked him for a conversation.
B．Because he heard Xiang Tuo was smart although he was young.
C．Because he wanted to teach Xiang Tuo some ancient stories.
D．Because Xiang Tuo was famous for telling interesting stories.
4．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ?
A．I’ve got new understandings B．I’ve changed my mind
C．I’ve known some mistakes D．I’ve learnt all the truth
5．Where may the text come from?
A．An online shopping website. B．A morning news report.
C．A Western food magazine. D．A traditional Chinese storybook.
五、阅读还原
Long long ago, there was an old man. 1 The three sons argued all the time. The old man told them to get on well with each other many times, but they never listened.
Years passed and the old man fell ill. 2
One day, the old man called for his sons. He gave them some sticks and asked them to break each stick into two pieces. The one who broke the sticks quickest would be the winner.
1 But they argued over who broke them quickest. Then the old man gave them another ten sticks. He asked his sons to break them all at once. Though the sons tried their best, they couldn’t finish this task (任务).
The old man said, “Dear sons, the sticks are like you. 2 But if you don’t help each other, people can harm you easily.” The sons stopped arguing. They all stayed quiet.
At last, the sons understood their father’s words. 3 And they never fought anymore.
A．All of the three broke the sticks quickly.
B．He lived with his three sons in a village.
C．If you work together, nobody can do any harm to you.
D．From then on, they decided to work together and help each other.
E．He didn’t think he had much time left, so he decided to teach his sons a lesson.
六、短文填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Su Qin was a famous strategist (纵横家) in the Warring States period. When he was young, he traveled to many states to offer his ideas, but few princes 1 (listen) to him. He returned home poor and tired.
His family did not welcome him warmly at first. Su Qin felt sad, but he did not give up. He took out his books and read them late into the night. To stop himself 2 (fall) asleep, he used a sharp awl (锥子) to prick his thigh (大腿). The pain kept him awake, and he went on 3 (study).
He thought deeply about the problems of the states. Little by little, he understood not only the words in the books, but also the ways 4 (solve) real problems. Later, he persuaded (说服) six states to work together. He became 5 important person in the history of ancient China.
His story teaches us: learning is not always easy. You may fail, feel lonely, or be laughed at. But if you use your time 6 (wise), even hard books can open 7 (you) mind. Knowledge is like a seed — it looks small, but it can grow into a big tree.
Today, we don’t need an awl. We have dictionaries, teachers, and even AI tools. 8 the old truth stays the same: no pain, no gain. A good learner is the one who keeps 9 (read), keeps thinking, and never stops 10 (improve).
6
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
1 / 27
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
Unit 6 Wisdom counts（复习讲义)
复习要点
1. 语言知识：掌握本单元重点单词、短语、句型；理解倒装句、while 引导时间状语从句；辨析except / except for / besides；掌握beat / win、fill…with… / be full of / be filled with等易混词组
2. 语言技能：能读懂智慧主题的阅读短文；会完成单词拼写、选词填空、完形、阅读还原、短文填空；能运用单元词汇完成书面表达
3. 语法知识：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；瞬间动词与延续性动词转换
复习重难点
重点：
1. 单词：hide，secretly，army，enter，succeed，capture，trick，fight，attack，beat，fill，remain，locate，therefore等
2. 短语：make jokes about，succeed in doing，play a trick on，be under attack，be full of /be filled with，fill…with…，be located in
3. 语法：现在完成时；for /since；瞬间动词变延续性动词
难点：
1. 地点副词置于句首的完全倒装（主语是代词不倒装）
2.except / except for / besides辨析
3.while 引导过去进行时句型
4. 瞬间动词与延续性动词替换，现在完成时和一般过去时区分
单元考点：单词、短语、句型
知识点1：Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse.城市的正门外瘟立着一匹巨大的木马。（教材P84）
【句型分析】Outside…stood.….是一个倒装句,其正常语序是:A huge wooden horse stood outside the main gate of the city. 英语中当表示地点的副词（如 outside，inside，here，there)置于句首时,句子用“地点副词 +谓语+主语”的倒装结构。
注意：只用于不及物动词（stand /lie/sit /come 等）；主语是代词时，不倒装。
例句：
Inside the room sat an old man. 屋子里面坐着一位老人。（正常语序：An old man sat inside the room.）
There stands a tall tree. 那里矗立着一棵大树。（正常语序：A tall tree stands there.）
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。（主语 the bus 是名词，倒装）
对比：Here it comes. 它来了。（主语 it 是代词，不倒装）
【即时小练】
1.( ) Look! There ______ a tall tower over there.
A．stand B．stands C．is standing D．stood
【答案】B
【详解】there 置于句首，主语 a tall tower 是单数名词，谓语用三单 stands，完全倒装结构 There stands…
2.(翻译)
1.山脚下坐落着一个小村庄。
倒装语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
正常语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
倒装语序：At the foot of the mountain lies a small village.
正常语序：A small village lies at the foot of the mountain.
2.广场中央矗立着一座高塔。
倒装语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
正常语序：_________________________________________________________________________________
倒装语序：In the centre of the square stands a tall tower.
正常语序：A tall tower stands in the centre of the square.
知识点2：The sang and danced around the horse,and make jokes about the stupid Greeks.他们围着马边唱边跳，还拿那些愚蠢的希腊人开玩笑。（教材P85）
【词汇短语】
(1)joke n. 笑话；玩笑 v. 开玩笑
(2)make jokes about 拿…… 开玩笑；取笑……
✅ 同义短语：play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑（侧重捉弄某人）
✅ 【拓展】tell jokes 讲笑话 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人（偏恶作剧）
【即时小练】
1.We should be kind to our classmates and never ________ their looks or mistakes—it will hurt their feelings.
A．make jokes about B．take care of
C．look forward to D．pay attention to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该善待同学，永远不要取笑他们的外表或错误——这会伤害他们的感情。
考查短语辨析。make jokes about拿……开玩笑；take care of照顾；look forward to期待；pay attention to注意。根据“it will hurt their feelings”可知，空白处应填入表示负面、不友善行为的短语。make jokes about符合语境，故选A。
2.Tom often ______ his classmates, so they don’t like him.
A. play joke on B. plays a joke on C. plays joke to D. play a joke with
【答案】B
【详解】句意：汤姆经常开同学们的玩笑，所以他们不喜欢他。
考查短语辨析和主谓一致。play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑；主语 Tom 是第三人称单数，often 表示一般现在时，谓语动词用 plays。A、C 短语搭配错误，D 介词使用错误，故选 B。
知识点3：By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.到了午夜，除了那匹巨大的木马，主广场上空无一人。（教材P85）
【词汇和短语】
（1）by+时间,表示“在……之前”（强调截止时间）。
例句：We must finish the work by Friday.我们必须在周五之前完成这项工作。
（2）except prep.除了…之外
【辨析】except， except for， besides
例句：We all went to the park except Tom.除了 Tom，我们都去公园了。
Your article is great except for some small mistakes.除了几处小错误，你的文章很棒。
Besides math, he also likes physics.除了数学之外，他还喜欢物理。
（3）empty adj.空的
例句：The hall was almost empty after the show.演出结束后，大厅几乎空无一人。
✅ 拓展变形：empty 还可作动词 v. 倒空；腾空
例：Please empty your bag.请把你的包腾空。
✅ 反义词：full 满的
固定搭配：be full of = be filled with 充满
【即时小练】
一、单项选择
1.( ) All my classmates joined the mountain‑climbing activity ________ Steven. He had a bad cold.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. beside
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我所有的同学都参加了爬山活动，除了史蒂文。他得了重感冒。
all my classmates 和 Steven 是同类（人），史蒂文没有参加活动，属于同类排除，用 except。
2.( ) ________ history, the teenager is also good at geography and biology.
A. Except B. Except for C. Besides D. Beside
【答案】C
【详解】句意：除了历史之外，这个少年还擅长地理和生物。
besides 表示 “除…… 之外还有”，包含后面提到的 history；符合 “同时擅长多门学科” 的语境。
3.( ) The old painting looks perfect ________ several small marks on its corner.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这幅古画看起来很完美，除了角落上几处小小的痕迹。
对画作进行整体评价，角落痕迹是局部细节瑕疵，整体与细节不属于同类，用 except for。
4.( ) —Did you learn any other study methods _______ taking notes?
—Yes, I learned three. But I have forgotten all _______ a few steps of each.
A．besides; besides B．except; except
C．except; besides D．besides; except
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——除了记笔记，你还学了其他的学习方法吗？——是的，我学了三种。但除了每个方法的几个步骤外，我全忘了。
besides除……之外还（包括在内）；except除……之外（不包括在内）。第一空问“除了记笔记，还学了其他方法吗”，记笔记包含在内，应用besides；第二空表示“除几个步骤外全忘了”，步骤为排除在外剩下的部分，应用except。
5.( ) The bottle is not ______. It is full of orange juice.
A. empty B. quiet C. modern D. ancient
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这个瓶子不是空的，里面装满了橙汁。根据后一句 full of orange juice “装满橙汁”，可知选 empty（空的），和 full 互为反义词。
二、翻译句子
1. 到晚上八点为止，我们已经完成了作业。
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】By eight o’clock in the evening, we had finished our homework.
2. 除了几处拼写错误，这份报告很不错。
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The report is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
知识点4：Where are the remains of Troy located?特洛伊遗址位于何处？（教材P85）
【词汇和短语】
(1) remains n. 遗迹；遗址；残留物（常用复数）
例句：The remains of the old city can still be seen. 这座古城的遗迹依旧可以被看见。
【拓展】remain还可以作动词；意为 “保持；仍然是；剩余”
例句：He remained silent. 他保持沉默。
(2) locate v. 使坐落于；定位 →location n. 位置；地点
✅ 【搭配】be located in/at… 位于……
例句：The town is located at the foot of the mountain. 这座小镇坐落在山脚下。
No one knows the exact location of the ancient palace. 没有人知道这座古宫殿的确切位置。
【即时小练】
一、完成句子
1.The ________ (remain) of the ancient building are on the hill. 古建筑的遗迹在山上。
【答案】remains
【详解】remains 表示 “遗迹”，常用复数形式。
2.The small village ________ ________ (locate) beside the river. 这个小村庄坐落在河边。
【答案】is located
【详解】be located in/at… 固定搭配 “位于……”，主语 the small village 为单数，一般现在时 be 动词用 is。
3.Can you tell me the exact ________ (locate) of the museum? 你能告诉我博物馆的确切位置吗？
【答案】location
【详解】exact 形容词后面接名词，locate 的名词形式 location，意为 “位置、地点”。
二、单项选择
1.( ) The remains of the old castle ______ on the top of the mountain.
A．is B．are C．was D．be
【答案】B
【详解】remains 作 “遗迹” 讲为复数名词，谓语动词用复数 are。
三、翻译句子
1.特洛伊遗址位于土耳其。
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The remains of Troy are located in Turkey.
知识点5：Some Greek soldiers were hiding inside.一些希腊士兵正躲在里面。（教材P85）
【词汇】hide v. 躲藏；隐藏；隐瞒
✅变形：hide（原形）→ hid（过去式）→ hidden（过去分词）→ hiding（现在分词）
✅搭配：hide behind sth. 躲在某物后面 hide sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事
例句：The cat hid behind the door. 那只猫躲在了门后。
【句型】过去进行时：was/were + doing
含义：表示过去某个时间，动作正在进行。
例句：He was reading a book at eight last night. 昨晚八点他正在看书。
【即时小练】
1.The girls ______ behind the wall when we passed by.
A. hide B. hid C. was hiding D. were hiding
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们经过的时候，女孩们正躲在墙后面。
考查过去进行时。when 从句为一般过去时，此处描述过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，用过去进行时；主语 the girls 是复数，be 动词用 were。故选 D。
2.He ______ his secret ______ his best friend.
A. hid; from B. hide; for C. hidden; from D. hid; for
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他向他最好的朋友隐瞒了这个秘密。
考查固定搭配和时态。hide sth. from sb. 向某人隐瞒某事，为固定短语；此处动作发生在过去，用 hide 的过去式 hid。故选 A。
知识点6：These soldiers secretly came back while the Trojans were celebrating.这些士兵在特洛伊人庆祝之际秘密返回了。（教材P85）
【词汇】
(1)secretly adv. 秘密地；悄悄地→secret adj. 秘密的；保密的 n. 秘密
✅ 搭配：keep a secret 保守秘密；in secret 秘密地（短语，相当于 secretly）
例句：He left secretly. = He left in secret. 他悄悄离开了。
(2)soldier n. 士兵；军人
【句型】while 引导时间状语从句
while + 过去进行时，主句 + 一般过去时 含义：正当…… 的时候（从句动作是延续性动作，主句动作在从句动作进行的过程中发生）
结构：主语 + 一般过去时 … while + 主语 + was/were + doing …
👉 重点：while 强调从句动作正在持续进行，多用进行时态；从句动词必须是延续性动词。
对比：when 既可接延续性动词，也可接短暂性动词。
【即时小练】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.She climbed over the wall ________ (secret) to meet her friend.
2.This is a ________ (secret) plan for our trip.
3.The thief ran away while the guards ________ (watch) the show.
【答案】1.secretly 2.secret 3.were watching
【详解】
1.修饰动词短语 climbed over the wall，要用副词。secret（形容词）→ secretly（副词，秘密地）。
2.修饰名词 plan，用形容词。secret adj. 秘密的，secret plan 秘密计划。
3.while 引导时间状语从句，从句动作是延续性动作，要用过去进行时；主语 the guards 是复数，be 动词用 were，watch 变 watching。句型：主句一般过去时 + while + 过去进行时。
知识点7：Now the Greek army entered the city.如今，希腊军队进入了这座城市。（教材P85）
【词汇】
(1)army n. 军队；陆军
✅搭配：the Greek army 希腊军队；join the army 参军；an army of… 一大群……
用法：army 是集合名词，可看作整体（谓语单数），也可强调士兵个体（谓语复数）
例：The army was ready. 军队整装待发。（整体）
The army were eating their meals. 士兵们正在吃饭。（个体）
(2)enter v. 进入；加入
⚠️ 重点：enter = go into /come into，后面不加介词 into，不能说 enter into the room
✅搭配：enter the city 进城；enter the room 进入房间；enter a competition 参加比赛
例：He entered the hall quietly. = He went into the hall quietly.
【即时小练】
1.They went into the meeting room.（同义句）
They ________ the meeting room.
【答案】entered
【详解】enter = go into /come into，意为 “进入”；原句为一般过去时，enter 使用过去式 entered。
2.Please don’t ________ the lab without asking.
A. enter into B. enter C. going into D. to enter
【答案】B
【详解】don’t 后面需要接动词原形；enter 本身含义就是 go into，后面不能再加 into，所以 A 错误；C 是动名词形式，D 是不定式形式，都不符合语法要求。
3.The cat entered ________ the house through a kitchen window.
A．in B．to C．at D．/
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这只猫通过厨房的窗户进入了房子。
考查动词enter的用法。in在……里面；to向，到；at在；/无。“enter”是及物动词，意为“进入”，后面直接接宾语，因此“entered the house”是正确搭配。故选D。
知识点8：In the end, they succeeded in capturing it in just one night with a clever trick--and without any fighting.最终，他们仅用一个妙计就在一夜之间成功攻占了它，而且没有任何战斗。（教材P85）
【词汇和短语】
(1) in the end 最后；最终（作状语）同义表达：at last；finally
(2) succeed in 成功做成某事
✅ succeed v. 成功；达成→success n. 成功；成功的人/事→successful adj. 成功的successfully → adv. 成功地
✅ 【搭配】：succeed in doing sth.
(3)capture 攻占；捕获；俘虏
(4) trick 妙计；诡计；花招；v. 欺骗
✅ 【搭配】a clever trick 一条妙计；trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事; play a trick on sb 提弄某人
(5)fight 战斗；打斗；v. 打仗，搏斗
✅ 变形：fight→ fought（过去式 / 过去分词） fighter战±；斗士
✅ 【搭配】fight for 为…… 而战；fight against 和…… 作斗争；have a fight with sb. 和某人打架
例句：They took the city without any fighting.
【即时小练】单句语法填空。
1.He succeeded in ________ (pass) the important exam.
【答案】passing
【详解】固定搭配 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事，介词 in 后接动名词，故填 passing。
2.The ________ (success) young man set up his own company.
【答案】successful
【详解】修饰名词 man，要用形容词；success 名词 → successful 形容词，成功的。
3.The army ________ (capture) the village two days ago.
【答案】captured
【详解】时间标志 two days ago（两天前）为一般过去时，capture 过去式 captured。
4.Don’t play a trick ________ the old man. It’s not polite.
【答案】on
【详解】固定短语 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人。
5.They fought ________ the bad people to protect their home.
【答案】against
【详解】fight against 与…… 作斗争；fight for 为…… 而战。本句表示和坏人对抗，填 against。
6.______ the end, they found the lost horse.
【答案】In
【详解】in the end 固定搭配，意为 “最后”，句首大写 In。
知识点9：When Cao Cao’s soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack.当曹操的士兵听到这些声音时，他们以为遭到了攻击。(教材P94）
【词汇和短语】
（1）attack v. 攻击；袭击；抨击 n. 攻击；袭击
✅ 变形：attack → attacked（过去式 / 过去分词）；attacking（现在分词）
例句：The enemy attacked at night. 敌人在夜里发起了进攻。
（2）be under attack 遭到攻击；受到袭击（固定短语，under + 名词，表示 “处于…… 状态”）
相当于被动：be attacked
✅ 拓展同类短语：
be under repair 在维修中 be under discussion 在讨论中
例句：The city was under attack. 这座城市遭到了攻击。
【即时小练】单句语法填空
1.The camp ________ (attack) by the enemies last night.
【答案】was attacked
【详解】句意：营地昨晚遭到敌人袭击。主语 camp 和 attack 是被动关系；last night 为一般过去时，单数主语用 was attacked。
2.The old bridge is ________ repair, so we can’t cross it.
【答案】under
【详解】句意：这座旧桥正在维修，所以我们不能从上面通过。be under repair 在维修中，固定搭配。
3.They thought their village was ________ attack.
【答案】under
【详解】句意：他们认为他们的村子遭到了袭击。be under attack 遭到攻击，固定短语。
4.The wolves ________ (attack) the sheep an hour ago.
【答案】attacked
【详解】句意：一小时前狼群袭击了羊群。an hour ago 是一般过去时标志，attack 过去式 attacked。
知识点10：We Trojans can’t be beaten!我们特洛伊人不可战胜!(教材P91）
The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.士兵们大声呼喊，猛烈地敲起鼓来。(教材P94）
【词汇】beat v. 打败；战胜；敲打；（心脏）跳动
✅ 变形：beat（原形）→ beat（过去式）→ beaten（过去分词）→ beating（现在分词）
重点区分：
beat sb. /a team 打败某人 / 某队（对手是人、队伍）
win a game /a war /a prize 赢得比赛 / 战争 / 奖品（宾语是事物）
✅ 搭配：beat the drum (s) 敲鼓 beat sb. 打败某人
例句：We beat them in the game. 我们在比赛中打败了他们。
My heart is beating fast. 我的心跳得很快。
【即时小练】
一、单项选择
1.（ ）We ______ Class Three and ______ the basketball match last Friday.
A. won; beat B. beat; won C. beat; beat D. won; won
【答案】B
【详解】句意：上周五我们打败了三班，赢下了这场篮球赛。beat 后接人或队伍（对手）；win 后接比赛、奖项等事物。last Friday 为一般过去时，beat 过去式 beat，win 过去式 won，故选 B。
2.（ ）Look! His heart ______ quickly after running.
A. beat B. beats C. is beating D. was beating
【答案】C
【详解】句意：看！跑完步后他的心跳得很快。Look! 是现在进行时标志，结构 be doing，beat 现在分词 beating，故选 C。
3（ ）Don’t ______ the drum so loudly. The baby is sleeping.
A. beat B. beaten C. beating D. to beat
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不要这么大声敲鼓，宝宝正在睡觉。Don’t 后接动词原形，beat the drum 敲鼓，故选 A。
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.They ________ (beat) the enemy in the battle many years ago.
【答案】beat
【详解】many years ago 多年前，一般过去时，beat 过去式还是 beat。
2.Our team was ________ (beat) by them yesterday.
【答案】beaten
【详解】被动语态 be + 过去分词，beat 的过去分词是 beaten。
3.Listen! Someone ________ (beat) the drums in the hall.
【答案】is beating
【详解】Listen! 现在进行时标志，主语 someone 单数，用 is beating。
知识点11：Zhuge Liang’s boats were soon full of arrows.诸葛亮的船很快便被箭矢填满了。(教材P94）
...he ordered his soldiers to fill 20 boats witth straw men.他命令士兵们用稻草人装满20艘船。(教材P94）
【词汇和短语】
(1) fill v. 装满，填满
(2)fill...with用…… 把…… 装满（主动）
(3)be full of 充满；装满
✅ 同义短语：be filled with
The box is full of books. = The box is filled with books.这个箱子装满了书。
【即时小练】
1.( )The bottle is full ______ orange juice.
A. of B. with C. in D. for
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这个瓶子装满了橙汁。考查固定短语。be full of 充满；装满，是固定搭配。故选 A。
2.( )He ______ the box ______ old photos yesterday.
A. filled; of B. filled; with C. full; of D. full; with
【答案】B
【详解】句意：昨天他用旧照片装满了这个盒子。考查动词短语。fill…with… 用…… 装满……；yesterday 为一般过去时，fill 变为 filled。故选 B。
3.( )The small house ______ all kinds of beautiful flowers.
A. full of B. filled with C. is full of D. fill with
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这座小房子里摆满了各种各样漂亮的花。考查短语辨析。句子缺少谓语动词，be full of 充满，符合句子结构和句意。故选 C。
知识点12：therefore 的用法
✅词性：副词（adv.），不是连词，不能直接连接两个完整句子。
✅含义：表示因果，由上文的原因，推导出下文结果，书面语气较强（阅读理解、完形高频）。
✅两种常用句式
1.therefore 置于句首，后面加逗号，再接句子。
It began to rain heavily. Therefore, we had to put off the sports meeting.
下起了大雨，因此我们不得不推迟运动会。
2.therefore 放在句中，前后用逗号隔开；也可放在 be 动词 / 助动词之后、实义动词之前。
He was ill and, therefore, could not come.他生病了，所以不能来。
He is rich and therefore can buy many things.他很富有，因此可以买很多东西。
【即时小练】
1.Age is the secret of women. ________, you’d better not ask this question.
A．Instead B．Therefore C．Although D．However
【答案】B
【详解】句意：年龄是女性的秘密。因此，你最好不要问这个问题。
Instead代替，反而；Therefore因此；Although虽然；However然而。根据“Age is the secret of women.”可知年龄是秘密，推测出因此最好不要问，前后构成因果关系。应填Therefore。
单元语法：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
辨析
侧重点不同
时间状语不同
现在完成时
表示的动作虽然在过去发生，但是强调对现在产生的结果或影响。
I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。（强调现在可以去做别的事的结果）
He has lived in this city for five years. 他已经在这座城市生活五年了。（强调现在仍在这座城市生活的影响）
already（已经）; yet（还）; before（以前）; for + 过去一段时间 ;ever（曾经）; never（从未）; just（刚刚）; since + 过去时间点 / 从句; so far（到目前为止）; up to now（到目前为止）;in the past/last +时间段......
一般过去时
一般过去时：只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，强调动作发生的时间，不表示和现在的关系；一般过去时常用非持续性动词，如 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become 等。
例句：She finished her work last night. 她昨晚完成了工作。（强调完成工作的时间是昨晚）
We lived in that small town ten years ago. 十年前我们住在那个小镇。（强调过去住在小镇的动作）
时间段 + ago; just now（刚才）; last week（上周）; in 2024（在 2024 年）; yesterday（昨天）; the day before yesterday（前天）; in the past（在过去）......
注意：
（1）有时两者的时间状语相同，如：this morning, this afternoon 和 today 等。
使用时要从动作是否已经完成这一标准来判断选用哪种时态。如果动作还未完成，则使用现在完成时；如果动作在过去某一确切的时间已经完成，则用一般过去时。
试比较：
① It has been snowy this morning. 今天上午下了一上午的雪。（现在还是上午，雪也还未停）
It was snowy this morning. 今天上午下雪了。（上午已经过去，雪也已经停了）
② She has worked in this company for three years. 她在这家公司工作三年了。（现在还在公司工作）
She worked in this company for three years. 她在这家公司工作过三年。（现在已不在公司工作）
③ They haven't visited the museum this week. 这周，他们没参观过博物馆。（现在还是这周）
They didn't visit the museum this week. 这周，他们没参观博物馆。（现在已不是这周）
（2）一般过去时和现在完成时有时可以相互转换。
① The meeting has been on for ten minutes. 会议已经开了十分钟了。
→The meeting started ten minutes ago. 会议是十分钟前开始的。
② Tom has kept that novel for two days. 汤姆借了那本小说两天了。
→Tom borrowed that novel two days ago. 汤姆两天前借了那本小说。
二、延续性动词与延续性动词
非延续性动词（瞬间动词）通常不能和表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long）连用，应该用意义与其相近的延续性动词来代替它们，或将现在完成时改为一般过去时。
注意：瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has left. (√)
He has left for three years. (×)
如要表达 “他已经走了三年”，可用以下方式表达：
(1) 使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.
(2) 将瞬间动词替换成延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。 He has been away for three years.
(3) 用 “It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时” 的从句。 It is three years since he left here.
瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转换
leave — be away become — be
buy — have borrow — keep/have
marry — be married die — be dead
begin — be on reach/arrive at/in/get to — be in
catch a cold — have a cold fall asleep — be asleep
join the army — be in the army/be a soldier in the army
【即时小练】
1.He has lived in this small town ________ five years .
A．for B．since C．in D．at
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他住在这个小镇已经五年了。
for持续（后接时间段）；since自从（后接时间点）；in在……里面；at在。根据“He has lived”是现在完成时，且“five years”是一段时间可知，此处应用for来引导时间状语，表示动作持续了多长时间。
2.Jackson ________ school two years ago. In other words, he ________ for two years.
A．leaves; has gone B．left; has been away C．leaves; has been away
【答案】B
【详解】句意：杰克逊两年前离开了学校。换句话说，他已经离开两年了。
根据时间状语“two years ago”可知，第一空应用一般过去时，left是动词过去式，符合语法；根据“for two years”可知，第二空应用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词，has been away表示状态可以延续，has gone表示动作瞬间完成不能与时间段连用，应填has been away。
8.My grandparents ________ in this small town since 2010. They love living here.
A．live B．lived C．have lived D．are living
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我的祖父母自从2010年就住在这个小镇上。他们喜欢住在这里。
根据“since 2010”可知，此句用现在完成时态，其结构是“have/has + done”，主语My grandparents是复数，助动词用have，live的过去分词是lived。
9.—How long ________ you ________ in the reading club?
—Since Grade Seven.
A．have; been B．did; be C．are; being D．were; being
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你在阅读俱乐部待了多久了？——从七年级开始就一直在那里。
have; been现在完成时结构；did; be一般过去时，错误搭配；are; being现在进行时；were; being过去进行时。根据答语“Since Grade Seven”表示从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，应填have; been。
10.I ________ this bicycle for five years, but it still works well.
A．have bought B．have had C．bought D．buy
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我买这辆自行车已经五年了，但它仍然很好用。
根据时间状语“for five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时，且需用延续性动词。buy是短暂性动词，不能与for five years连用，应换成延续性动词have。应填have had。
二、用for/since填空
1．All my classmates have learned English over five years.
2．Our English teacher has taught in this school he came to Shanghai.
3．Doctor Green has been away from Beijing a week.
4．He has not bought any new mobile phone 2012.
5．We have decided to stay there a couple of days.
6．Peter has had this watch more than two years.
7．My cousin has been abroad two months.
8．Mr Brown has been busy last weekend.
【答案】1．for 2．since 3．for 4．since 5．for 6．for 7．for 8．since
【详解】
1．句意：我所有的同学都学了五年多的英语。空后“over five years.”表时间段，所以用介词for，故填for。
2．句意：我们的英语老师自从来到上海就一直在这所学校教书。根据“...he came to Shanghai.”及语境可知，此处指“自从来到学校就一直在这里教书”，用since“自……以来”引导时间状语从句，故填since。
3．句意：格林医生离开北京已经一个星期了。空后“a week”表示时间段，所以用介词for，故填for。
4．句意：自2012年以来，他就没有买过新手机。空后“2012”是过去的时间点，所以用since，故填since。
5．句意：我们决定在那里待几天。空后“a couple of days”表时间段，所以用介词for。故填for。
6．句意：彼得买这块表已经两年多了。空后“more than two years”表时间段，所以用介词for，故填for。
7．句意：我表弟已经出国两个月了。空后“two months”表时间段，所以用for，故填for。
8．句意：布朗先生自上周末以来一直很忙。空后“last weekend”是过去的一个时间点，所以用since。故填since。
三、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Jack’s grandparents ________ (buy) this box since it appeared ten years ago.
【答案】have had
【详解】句意：自从这个盒子十年前问世以来，杰克的祖父母就一直拥有它。since it appeared ten years ago“自从十年前”，属于延续性时间状语，谓语用延续性动词，表动作/状态从过去开始持续到现在，对应现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语Jack’s grandparents是复数，助动词用have；buy“买”是瞬间性动词，不能和since引导的延续性时间状语连用，表示“拥有某物从过去持续到现在”，需用延续性动词have“拥有”，其过去分词为had。
2．He ________ (buy) this bike two years ago. → He ________ ________ this bike for two years.
【答案】 bought has had
【详解】句意：他两年前买了这辆自行车。→ 他已经买了这辆自行车两年了。句中“two years ago”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。buy的过去式为不规则变化，为bought，故①填bought。第二句中“for two years”为表示一段时间的状语，提示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。主语为He，助动词用has，故②填has。buy是短暂性动词，不能与“for+ 一段时间”连用，需转换为延续性动词have，其过去分词为had，故③填had。
3.—How long ________ the two heroes ________ (marry)?
—They ________ (get) married in 2015, so they ________ (be) together for over 10 years.
【答案】 have been married got have been
【详解】句意：——这两位英雄结婚多久了？——他们在 2015 年结婚，所以他们已经在一起十多年了。how long提问持续时长，marry/get married是短暂动词，不能与一段时间连用，要用延续性短语be married，现在完成时中，主语为复数用have been married。in 2015是过去具体时间，用一般过去时got。for over 10 years表示持续一段时间，用现在完成时；主语they，be动词延续形式为have been。
4.He __________ (leave) his hometown in 2021. He __________ (be) away for 5 years.
【答案】 left has been
【详解】句意：他在2021年离开了家乡。他已经离开五年了。第一空in 2021为过去具体时间，用一般过去时，leave的过去式是left；第二空for 5 years是现在完成时标志，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。
5.The film ________ (be) on for ten minutes. It ________ (start) at 7:00 p.m.
【答案】 has been started
【详解】句意：电影已经放映十分钟了。晚上7:00开始。根据时间状语“for ten minutes”可知此处使用现在完成时，表示电影上映的状态从过去持续到现在；主语“The film”是第三人称单数，be动词的现在完成时形式为has been；第二空根据时间状语“at 7:00 p.m.”表示过去的具体时间点，常与一般过去时连用，说明电影开始的动作发生在过去，start的过去式为started。
6．I ________ (borrow) the book a week ago. → I ________ ________ the book for a week.
【答案】 borrowed have kept
【详解】句意：我一周前借了这本书。→我已经借这本书一周了。句中“a week ago”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。borrow的过去式为规则变化，直接加-ed，故①填borrowed。第二句中“for a week”为表示一段时间的状语，提示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。主语为I，助动词用have，故②填have。borrow是短暂性动词，不能与“for + 一段时间”连用，需转换为延续性动词keep，其过去分词为kept，故③填kept。
7．They ________ (marry) since 2010. → They ________ ________ married since 2010.
【答案】 have been married have been
【详解】句意：他们自2010年起就结婚了。句中时间状语“since 2010”表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，需用现在完成时；marry是短暂性动词，不能与since连用，要转换为延续性状态be married；主语是They，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。故填have been married；have；been。
8．She ________ (leave) since three days ago. → She ________ away for three days.
【答案】 has been away has been
【详解】句意：自从三天前她就离开了。她已经离开三天了。根据“since three days ago”和“for three days”可知，题干应用现在完成时表达；leave“离开”为短暂性动词，应将其转换成延续性动词“be away”来与“一段时间”进行连用；be的过去分词为been，因此填写“has been away”。
9．—I’m sorry for being late.
—Never mind. The meeting ________ (begin) for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
【答案】has been on
【详解】句意：——很抱歉我迟到了。——没关系。会议才开始了5分钟。请这边走。“for only 5 minutes”表示一段时间，是现在完成时的标志词，且句中动词要用延续性动词，“begin”是短暂性动词，其延续性动词是“be on”，现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“The meeting”是第三人称单数，所以用“has”，“be”的过去分词是“been”，故填has been on。
10．He ________ (buy) this car two years ago. → He ________ ________ this car for two years.
【答案】 bought has had
【详解】句意：他两年前买了这辆车。→他已经拥有这辆车两年了。句中“two years ago”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。buy的过去式为不规则变化，为bought，故①填bought。第二句中“for two years”为表示一段时间的状语，提示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）。主语为He，助动词用has，故②填has。buy是短暂性动词，不能与“for +一段时间”连用，需转换为延续性动词have，其过去分词为had，故③填had。
（时间：40分钟）
一、单词拼写
1．If you work hard, you will s________ in passing the English exam.
【答案】succeed/ucceed
【详解】句意：如果你努力学习，你就会成功通过英语考试。根据“If you work hard”及首字母提示可知，此处是指努力学习就会成功通过考试，succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”，是固定短语，will后接动词原形。故填succeed。
2．The old house has been e________ for years, with no one living in it.
【答案】empty/mpty
【详解】句意：这栋老房子已经空置多年了，没有人住在里面。根据首字母提示和“with no one living in it”可知，此处表示房子是空置的，empty“空的”。故填empty。
3.When the little girl saw her mom, she ran t________ her with a big smile on her face.
【答案】towards/owards
【详解】句意：当小女孩看到她的妈妈时，她脸上带着灿烂的笑容向她跑去。根据“When the little girl saw her mom, she ran...her”和首字母可知，小女孩跑向妈妈，towards“向、朝着”符合语境。故填towards。
4．His brother joined the a________ and became a soldier.
【答案】army/rmy
【详解】句意：他的哥哥参军成为了一名士兵。根据首字母提示“a”和后句“became a soldier”可知，此处表示加入“军队”。名词army“军队”符合语境，the army特指“陆军”或泛指“军队”。故填army。
5.The brave dog tried to a________ the thief to protect its owner’s house.
【答案】attack/ttack
【详解】句意：那只勇敢的狗试图攻击小偷以保护主人的房子。根据“The brave dog tried to ... the thief to protect its owner’s house.”和首字母可知，狗攻击小偷是为了保护房子。attack“攻击”，且try to后接动词原形。故填attack。
6．My mom likes to f________ the fridge with fresh fruit every weekend.
【答案】fill/ill
【详解】句意：我妈妈喜欢每个周末在冰箱里放满新鲜水果。根据“... the fridge with fresh fruit”和首字母可知，此处表示“在冰箱里装满水果”，“fill ... with sth”是固定搭配，表示“用某物装满……”，且like to后接动词原形。故填fill。
7.He studied very hard, but he still f________ in the exam—he felt really sad.
【答案】failed/ailed
【详解】句意：他学习很努力，但还是考试不及格——他感觉非常难过。根据“but he still”（表转折）和“he felt really sad”可知，此处表示考试没通过，结合首字母“f”可知，对应的单词是“fail (不及格)”，句子时态为一般过去时，需用过去式。故填failed。
8.Please don’t f________ with your classmates. We should solve problems by talking.
【答案】fight/ight
【详解】句意：请不要和你的同学打架。我们应该通过沟通解决问题。根据首字母“f”及“solve problems by talking”的提示可知，此处表示“不要打架”，对应的动词是“fight”；“don’t”后接动词原形。故填fight。
9．It started to rain heavily; t________, we had to cancel our picnic in the park.
【答案】therefore/herefore
【详解】句意：开始下大雨了；因此，我们不得不取消我们在公园里的野餐。前句“It started to rain heavily”与后句“we had to cancel our picnic in the park”之间是明显的因果关系，需填入表示“因此”的连接词。再结合首字母可知，therefore“因此”，符合题意。故填therefore。
10.The r________ of the old bridge show how people built it long ago.
【答案】remains/emains
【详解】句意：这座老桥的遗迹展示了很久以前人们是如何建造它的。根据“show how people built it long ago”可知，此处指老桥留下的“遗迹”。结合首字母，remain“遗迹”符合语境，常以复数形式表示“遗迹/剩余物”。故填remains。
11.You should ________ (把……安置在) the plants where they can get enough sunlight.
【答案】locate
【详解】句意：你应该把植物安置在能获得充足阳光的地方。根据中文提示“把……安置在”可知，此处应填动词locate，意为“安置、放置”。情态动词“should”后接动词原形。
12．Don’t make ________ (笑话) about others. It’s not polite.
【答案】jokes
【详解】句意：不要取笑别人。这是不礼貌的。此处是名词作make的宾语，中文“笑话”提示单词是joke，应用复数jokes表示泛指。
13.Everyone passed the exam ________ (除……外) Tom.
【答案】except
【详解】句意：除了汤姆之外，所有人都通过了考试。except是介词，意为“除……外 (不包含后面的对象)”，符合本句语境。
14.The little boy ________ (藏；隐蔽) behind the door to surprise his friends.
【答案】hid
【详解】句意：小男孩藏在门后，想给他的朋友们一个惊喜。hide意为“藏；隐蔽”，本句描述已经发生的动作，用一般过去时，hide的过去式是hid。
15.Our v________ in the debate competition was unexpected but exciting.
【答案】victory/ictory
【详解】句意：我们在辩论赛中的胜利出乎意料但令人激动。根据首字母提示和“…in the debate competition”可知，此处指辩论比赛的胜利，victory“胜利”，可数名词；句中be动词为was，主语用单数形式。
二、选词填空
make jokes about succeed in be tired of go on board be jealous of be full of
1．Never other people’s mistakes.
2．After many tries, she finally solving the puzzle.
3．The tourists will the ship at five o’clock.
4．The old box letters and photos.
5．He was beginning to doing the same work every day.
6．Do not your friend’s success; learn from it.
7．The hall people before the show started.
8．If you passing the test, you will feel proud.
【答案】1．make jokes about 2．succeeded in 3．go on board 4．is full of 5．be tired of 6．be jealous of 7．was full of 8．succeed in
【详解】
1．句意：永远不要拿别人的错误开玩笑。本句为祈使句的否定形式（Never开头），谓语动词需用原形。结合“other people’s mistakes”，“拿别人的错误开玩笑”符合日常行为，选用短语make jokes about。
2．句意：经过多次尝试，她终于成功解开了谜题。根据时间状语“After many tries”和“finally”可知动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。经过多次尝试后，最终结果应是成功了，选用短语succeed in。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”，succeed的过去式为succeeded，填succeeded in。
3．句意：游客们将在五点钟登船。will后接动词原形，构成一般将来时。根据宾语“the ship”及语境，选用表示“登船”的短语go on board。
4．句意：这个旧盒子里装满了信件和照片。本句描述客观状态，用一般现在时。结合“The old box...letters and photos.”，表达容器里装满物品，选用短语be full of“装满”；主语The old box为单数，be动词用is，填is full of。
5．句意：他开始厌倦每天做同样的工作。begin to do sth.表示“开始做某事”，to后接动词原形。结合“doing the same work every day”，日复一日重复相同工作，对应情绪“厌倦”，选用短语be tired of，此处be保持原形。
6．句意：不要嫉妒朋友的成功，要从中学习。本句为祈使句否定形式（Do not 开头），后接动词原形。后文“your friend’s success“，且后句劝导要学习“learn from it”，前后形成对比，表达不要嫉妒他人的成功，选用短语be jealous of，此处be保持原形。
7．句意：演出开始前大厅里挤满了人。根据时间状语从句“before the show started”中的started可知主句需用一般过去时。演出开始前大厅的状态应是挤满了人，选用短语 be full of；主语The hall为单数，be动词用was，填was full of。
8．句意：如果你成功通过了考试，你会感到自豪。本句为If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时。“you will feel proud”描述的是成功后的感受，选用短语succeed in。主语是you，谓语动词用原形succeed，填succeed in。
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Wisdom is the key to a happy life. Everyone wants to be wise, but few people truly understand what wisdom is.
Many people think wisdom means knowing a lot of things. However, wisdom is more than 1 . A person with much knowledge may still make silly mistakes if he cannot use his knowledge 2 .
A wise person is always calm and honest. He does not judge things too quickly. He will 3 twice before making decisions. He knows that appearances can be 4 . So he never judges a person or a thing only by its outside.
Wise people are also good at learning from others. They are not too proud to accept useful 5 from different people. They know everyone has advantages that they can 6 from.
In our daily life, we can also improve our wisdom. When we meet difficulties, we should stay patient instead of feeling 7 . When we make mistakes, we should correct them bravely and learn a good 8 .
Wisdom cannot be bought or received in a short time. It comes from years of thinking, practicing and 9 . It helps us walk steadily on the road of life and become a 10 person.
1．A．knowledge B．money C．time D．energy
2．A．badly B．properly C．carelessly D．slowly
3．A．speak B．look C．think D．watch
4．A．true B．wrong C．clear D．real
5．A．news B．gifts C．advice D．stories
6．A．learn B．borrow C．steal D．separate
7．A．hopeful B．upset C．relaxed D．surprised
8．A．lesson B．story C．word D．way
9．A．arguing B．complaining C．experiencing D．forgetting
10．A．smarter B．lazier C．quieter D．simpler
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文主要阐述智慧真谛。智慧不仅是知识，还包括冷静思考、虚心学习。通过思考、实践和经历，我们可以获得智慧，成为更好的人。
【详解】
1．句意：然而，智慧不仅仅是知识。
前文提到很多人认为智慧意味着懂得很多东西，此处转折说明智慧不仅仅是知识，应用knowledge。
2．句意：如果一个人不能正确地使用他的知识，他仍可能犯愚蠢的错误。
“make silly mistakes”表示“犯愚蠢的错误”，犯错的原因是不会恰当地或正确地使用知识，应用properly。
3．句意：他在做决定前会三思。
think twice意为“三思，慎重考虑”，固定短语。
4．句意：他知道表象可能是错误的。因此他从不只凭外表评判人或事。
根据下文，“So he never judges a person or a thing only by its outside.”表明他从不只凭外表评判人或事，因为外表具有欺骗性，可能是“错的”，应用wrong。
5．句意：他们不会太骄傲，愿意接受来自不同人的有用建议。
“learning from others”表示“向他人学习”，此处指接受“建议”，应用advice。news“新闻”、gifts“礼物”以及stories“故事”均不符合语境。
6．句意：他们知道每个人都有优点，而他们可以从（他人的优点）中学习。
learn from意为“向……学习”，固定搭配，呼应前文“善于向他人学习”的主题。
7．句意：遇到困难时，我们应该保持耐心，而不是感到沮丧。
instead of表转折，此处指负面情绪“沮丧”，应用upset。hopeful“满怀希望的”、relaxed“放松的”以及surprised“惊讶的”均不符合语境。
8．句意：当我们犯错时，应该勇敢改正并吸取教训。
learn a good lesson意为“吸取深刻教训”，固定搭配，其他选项搭配不当。
9．句意：它来自多年的思考、实践和经历。
和思考、实践并列的成长来源是“体验/经历”，应用experiencing。arguing“争论”、complaining“抱怨”以及forgetting“忘记”均不符合语境。
10．句意：帮助我们稳步前行并成为更聪明的人。
全文的主题是获得智慧，最终目标是成为“更智慧/更聪明”的人，应用smarter。lazier“更懒惰的”、quieter“更安静的”以及simpler“更简单的”均不符合语境。
四、阅读理解
A
During the last years of the Warring States period (战国时期) , the State of Qin wanted to take control of Chu. At first, a young Qin general won several fights and took a few small towns. But later, his soldiers were caught in an ambush (伏击), and he had to run away. After this failure, the ruler of Qin decided to choose a more experienced general— Wang Jian.
Wang Jian led a large army to the border (边境). Instead of attacking at once, he set up simple camps and ordered his soldiers to eat well, sleep well and keep training every day. They built low walls and stayed watchful, but made no move to fight.
The Chu soldiers, on the other hand, had to stay ready day and night because they were worried about a sudden attack. As days turned into months, they grew tired and less careful. Over time, they began to believe that their enemy only wanted to protect itself and would not attack.
After more than a year, the Chu army finally began to pull back. At that moment, Wang Jian saw his chance. He ordered a full attack. The tired Chu soldiers could not fight back and soon ran away. Wang Jian’s army moved quickly across Chu’s land and finally reached its capital.
Wang Jian’s success was not luck. His victory came from his strategy. It teaches us that sometimes the best way to win is not to rush, but to stay calm, prepare well, and wait for the right moment.
1．Why did the young Qin general fail in his later fights?
A．Because his army chose the wrong road. B．Because the Chu soldiers had more food.
C．Because he did not expect Chu’s sudden attack. D．Because his soldiers were too young and too tired.
2．What did Wang Jian do after he led the army?
A．He told his soldiers to rest and train. B．He attacked the Chu soldiers at once.
C．He built high walls to protect his army. D．He felt scared so he hid behind his army.
3．What happened to the Chu soldiers after months of waiting?
A．They got tired from long guarding. B．They received help from other states.
C．They grew bored and started fighting. D．They asked Wang Jian to stop the war.
4．What does “It” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Wang Jian’s luck. B．Wang Jian’s victory.
C．The right moment. D．The best way to win.
5．Which of the following words best describes Wang Jian in this story?
A．Brave and lucky. B．Proud and active.
C．Strict and honest. D．Patient and wise.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述秦国年轻将军攻楚战败，王翦率军后休兵练兵、静待时机，趁楚军懈怠出击取胜，其胜利源于耐心与智慧的策略。
【详解】
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But later, his soldiers were caught in an ambush (伏击), and he had to run away.”可知，这位年轻的秦国将军战败的原因是他没有预料到楚国的突然袭击。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead of attacking at once, he set up simple camps and ordered his soldiers to eat well, sleep well and keep training every day.”可知，王翦率领军队之后并没有立刻发动进攻，而是让士兵休息并训练。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Chu soldiers, on the other hand, had to stay ready day and night because they were worried about a sudden attack. As days turned into months, they grew tired and less careful.”可知，经过几个月的等待，他们因长期警戒而疲惫。故选A。
4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Wang Jian’s success was not luck. His victory came from his strategy. It teaches us that...”可知，这里的It指代前面“王翦的胜利”。故选B。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，王翦没有急于进攻，而是选择养精蓄锐、等待时机，这体现了他的耐心和智慧。故选D。
B
Here are two traditional Chinese stories. They are both interesting and educational.
In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin had a fight with the State of Zhao. Some talented people were needed to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Sui—a man who believed he was the right person for this task—came and recommended himself. And he made the king of Chu send the army to help successfully. Zhao was safe. From then on, Mao Sui became a well-known hero of the state. Everyone respected him a lot.
One day, while travelling, Confucius heard of a child named Xiang Tuo who was said to be very smart although he was young. So Confucius looked for Xiang Tuo and met him. Confucius, with great respect in his voice, said, “Young boy, I’ve heard about your cleverness. I’m willing to have a conversation with you.”
Xiang Tuo, unafraid and calm, answered Confucius’s questions confidently. His answers were sharp and unique (独特的). He told ancient legends that Confucius hadn’t known. Instead of feeling ashamed of being outdone (胜过) by a child, Confucius listened carefully. Then he thanked Xiang Tuo sincerely, saying, “Today, from you, a young boy, ▲ . Thank you!”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why did Mao Sui recommend himself?
A．Because he wanted to become a famous hero of Zhao.
B．Because he hoped to help Zhao ask for help from Chu.
C．Because he wanted to fight against Qin with his own army.
D．Because he respected the king of Chu very much.
2．What can we learn from the story “Mao Sui Zi Jian”?
A．We should keep modest (谦虚的) and never feel too proud.
B．We should ask others for help when we are in trouble.
C．We should be confident and take the opportunity to show our talents.
D．We should make more friends who can give us a hand in danger.
3．Why did Confucius look for Xiang Tuo?
A．Because Xiang Tuo asked him for a conversation.
B．Because he heard Xiang Tuo was smart although he was young.
C．Because he wanted to teach Xiang Tuo some ancient stories.
D．Because Xiang Tuo was famous for telling interesting stories.
4．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ?
A．I’ve got new understandings B．I’ve changed my mind
C．I’ve known some mistakes D．I’ve learnt all the truth
5．Where may the text come from?
A．An online shopping website. B．A morning news report.
C．A Western food magazine. D．A traditional Chinese storybook.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文开篇点明要介绍两个有趣且富有教育意义的中国传统故事，随后分别讲述了战国时期毛遂自荐出使楚国、成功为赵国求得援军的故事，以及孔子听闻幼童项橐聪慧、主动与其交谈并有所收获的故事。
【详解】
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some talented people were needed to ask for help from Chu. Then Mao Sui—a man who believed he was the right person for this task—came and recommended himself.”可知，赵国需要人才前往楚国求助，毛遂认为自己适合这项任务，因此自荐，他自荐的目的是帮助赵国向楚国求助。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中毛遂主动推荐自己承担出使楚国的任务，最终成功说服楚王出兵救赵的故事内容，可推知这个故事传递的道理是我们应当充满自信，抓住机会展现自己的才能。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“One day, while travelling, Confucius heard of a child named Xiang Tuo who was said to be very smart although he was young. So Confucius looked for Xiang Tuo and met him.”可知，孔子听说项橐虽然年纪小但十分聪慧，因此前去寻找他。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“He told ancient legends that Confucius hadn’t known. Instead of feeling ashamed of being outdone by a child, Confucius listened carefully.”可知，项橐讲了孔子未曾了解的古代传说，孔子认真聆听后收获了新的知识与感悟，因此空缺处的内容是孔子表示自己从项橐这里得到了新的理解。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are two traditional Chinese stories. They are both interesting and educational.”可知，本文的内容是两个中国传统故事，由此可推知文章最可能来自一本中国传统故事书。
五、阅读还原
Long long ago, there was an old man. 1 The three sons argued all the time. The old man told them to get on well with each other many times, but they never listened.
Years passed and the old man fell ill. 2
One day, the old man called for his sons. He gave them some sticks and asked them to break each stick into two pieces. The one who broke the sticks quickest would be the winner.
1 But they argued over who broke them quickest. Then the old man gave them another ten sticks. He asked his sons to break them all at once. Though the sons tried their best, they couldn’t finish this task (任务).
The old man said, “Dear sons, the sticks are like you. 2 But if you don’t help each other, people can harm you easily.” The sons stopped arguing. They all stayed quiet.
At last, the sons understood their father’s words. 3 And they never fought anymore.
A．All of the three broke the sticks quickly.
B．He lived with his three sons in a village.
C．If you work together, nobody can do any harm to you.
D．From then on, they decided to work together and help each other.
E．He didn’t think he had much time left, so he decided to teach his sons a lesson.
【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文通过一位病重的父亲用折木棍的方式教育整日争吵的三个儿子，让他们最终领悟到团结互助就不会轻易被人伤害的道理，阐明了团结力量大的核心主旨。
【详解】
1．前文提到一位老人，后文提到三个儿子，选项B“He lived with his three sons in a village.”引出人物背景，承上启下，符合语境。
2．前文提到老人生病，后文提到叫来儿子们，选项E“He didn’t think he had much time left, so he decided to teach his sons a lesson.”说明老人因时日无多想给儿子们一个教训，解释了后续行为的原因。
3．前文提到折单根棍子，后文说争论谁最快，选项A“All of the three broke the sticks quickly.”对应任务完成的结果，说明三人都很快折断了，与后文“他们争论谁最快”构成转折逻辑。
4．后文说“But if you don’t help each other, people can harm you easily.”，选项C“If you work together, nobody can do any harm to you.”与后文构成正反对比，符合父亲说教的逻辑。
5．前文提到儿子们理解了父亲的话，后文说他们不再打架，选项D“From then on, they decided to work together and help each other.”承接领悟的情节，和后文再也不争吵的结果呼应。
六、短文填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Su Qin was a famous strategist (纵横家) in the Warring States period. When he was young, he traveled to many states to offer his ideas, but few princes 1 (listen) to him. He returned home poor and tired.
His family did not welcome him warmly at first. Su Qin felt sad, but he did not give up. He took out his books and read them late into the night. To stop himself 2 (fall) asleep, he used a sharp awl (锥子) to prick his thigh (大腿). The pain kept him awake, and he went on 3 (study).
He thought deeply about the problems of the states. Little by little, he understood not only the words in the books, but also the ways 4 (solve) real problems. Later, he persuaded (说服) six states to work together. He became 5 important person in the history of ancient China.
His story teaches us: learning is not always easy. You may fail, feel lonely, or be laughed at. But if you use your time 6 (wise), even hard books can open 7 (you) mind. Knowledge is like a seed — it looks small, but it can grow into a big tree.
Today, we don’t need an awl. We have dictionaries, teachers, and even AI tools. 8 the old truth stays the same: no pain, no gain. A good learner is the one who keeps 9 (read), keeps thinking, and never stops 10 (improve).
【答案】
1．listened 2．falling 3．studying 4．to solve 5．an 6．wisely 7．your 8．But 9．reading 10．improving
【导语】本文讲述了战国纵横家苏秦早年游说各国不受重视，回家后发奋苦读、锥刺股，最终领悟治国之道并成功说服六国联合的故事。这个故事告诉我们学习之路不易，只要刻苦坚持、合理利用时间，就能有所收获，一分耕耘一分收获的道理永远不会改变。
【详解】
1．句意：年轻时，他游历多国去献上自己的主张，但很少有君主愿意听他的话。 根据时间状语“When he was young”可知，句子用一般过去时，应填listened。
2．句意：为了防止自己睡着，他用锋利的锥子刺自己的大腿。 此处为固定搭配stop sb. (from) doing sth.，意为“阻止某人做某事”，from可以省略，后面接动名词。应填falling。
3．句意：疼痛让他保持清醒，于是他继续学习。此处为固定搭配go on doing sth.，意为“继续做同一件事（接着做刚才没做完的事）”。固定搭配go on to do，意为“做完一件事后接着做另一件新事”。这里是指继续读书学习，需用动名词。应填studying。
4．句意：渐渐地，他不仅读懂书中文字，还懂得了解决现实问题的方法。固定搭配the way to do sth.，意为“做某事的方法”，不定式to do作后置定语修饰“ways”。应填to solve。
5．句意：他成了中国古代历史上一位重要人物。 空格后为形容词+可数名词结构，此处需填冠词。“important”以元音音素开头，需用an。应填an。
6．句意：但如果你明智地利用时间，难懂的书籍也能开阔你的眼界。 此处修饰动词“use”，需用副词，应填wisely。
7．句意：但如果你明智地利用时间，难懂的书籍也能开阔你的眼界。 空格后“mind”为名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词，“you”的形容词性物主代词为your，应填your。
8．句意：如今我们不需要锥子，我们有词典、老师甚至人工智能工具。但是古老的道理依旧不变：一分耕耘，一分收获。前文讲现在条件很好，后文说道理不变，前后文存在转折关系，句首首字母大写，应填But。
9．句意：善于学习的人会坚持阅读、不断思考，并且永不停止进步。此处为固定搭配keep doing sth.，意为“坚持做某事”，后面用动名词作宾语。应填reading。
10．句意：善于学习的人会坚持阅读、不断思考，并且永不停止进步。stop doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“停止正在做的事情”。stop to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“停下来去做另一件事”。本句表达永不停止进步，需用动词现在分词。应填improving。
6
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
1 / 27
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
资源预览图
