2027年上海市普通高校春季高考英语仿真模拟卷02

2027年春季高考英语冲刺模拟卷02（上海专用） 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Bow Street Police Museum: A Journey Through History In the heart of London lies a hidden treasure for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike. The Bow Street Police Museum is a fascinating place 1 history comes to life, offering a unique look at one of London’s oldest policing stations. Located in central London, the museum occupies 2 was once the Bow Street Police Station and Magistrates Court. This historic building opened in 1881 and played a key role in law enforcement for over a century. In the past, people arrested in the area were held overnight in cells before 3 (appear) in court the next morning. Today, visitors can explore these cells, including a particularly large one called “the tank.” It once held many people at a time and was known 4 (have) an awful smell and poor conditions. Walking into the tank today makes it easy to imagine how unpleasant it 5 (be) back then. The museum also tells the story of the Bow Street Runners, often considered London’s first organized police force.   6 (found) in 1749 by brothers Henry and John Fielding, this group laid the foundation for modern policing. Henry Fielding was also a well-known author, and new officers under him   7 (equip) with simple tools like handcuffs, a pistol, and a stick to help maintain peace. The police station finally closed in 1992, while the court continued operating 8 2006. It hosted several famous trials. Today, the museum   9 (preserve) this rich history, sharing stories of crime, justice, and the people who worked there.   10 you’re exploring the cells or learning about important trials, the Bow Street Police Museum offers an unforgettable journey into the past. 【答案】 1．where 2．what 3．appearing 4．to have 5．was 6．Founded 7．were equipped 8．until/till 9．preserves 10．Whether 【导语】文章主要讲述了伦敦鲍街警察博物馆的历史沿革、建筑背景及其在执法史上的重要地位。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：鲍街警察博物馆是一个迷人的地方，在这里历史变得鲜活起来，让人们得以独特地窥见伦敦最古老的警察局之一。根据“a fascinating place”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为place，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：该博物馆位于伦敦市中心，占据了曾经是鲍街警察局和治安法院的地方。分析句子结构，空格处引导宾语从句，作occupies的宾语，且从句中缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，应用what引导宾语从句。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，在该地区被捕的人会在牢房里过夜，然后于次日上午出庭。before为介词，介词后接动词时需用动名词形式。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它曾同时关押许多人，以气味难闻和条件恶劣而闻名。be known to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“据知晓会……；以……而闻名/著称”，此处用不定式形式。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如今走进这个牢房，很容易想象当时是多么令人不适。根据时间状语“back then”可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语it为第三人称单数。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织由亨利·菲尔丁和约翰·菲尔丁兄弟于1749年创立，为现代警务奠定了基础。分析句子结构，空格处为非谓语动词作状语，found与逻辑主语this group之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，句首单词首字母需大写。 7．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：亨利·菲尔丁也是一位著名作家，他手下的新警员配备有手铐、手枪和警棍等简单工具以协助维持治安。根据上下文语境，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语new officers为复数，且与equip之间为被动关系。 8．考查介词。句意：警察局最终于1992年关闭，而法院一直运作到2006年。根据句意，此处表示“直到……为止”，应用介词until或till。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，该博物馆保存着这段丰富的历史，分享着关于犯罪、正义以及曾在那里工作过的人们的故事。根据时间状语“Today”可知，此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；主语the museum为第三人称单数。 10．考查状语从句。句意：无论你是探索牢房还是了解重要审判，鲍街警察博物馆都能为你提供一次难忘的穿越历史之旅。根据“or”可知，此处为whether...or...结构，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”，句首单词首字母需大写。 Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．committees        B．Profoundly        C． channels        D．coverage        E. persists  F. resumes G. manual            H. spans            I. Notably        J. distinct  K. dynamics To gain an in-depth understanding of China’s urban labor market, the Institute of Population and Labor Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IPLE-CASS) conducted the fifth wave of the China Urban Labor Survey in 2023, which 11 five rounds over more than two decades and covers eight major representative cities. The survey collected 9,122 household questionnaires and 26,145 individual questionnaires from 381 neighborhood 12 . Graduate students from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS) were recruited to serve as supervisors and reviewers. Quality control included facial recognition, GPS verification, automated detection of paradata anomalies and questionnaire data outliers, and 13 review. Based on this data, the report systematically analyzes employment, wages, educational attainment, and social security among China’s urban workforce. Additionally, job search methods combine market-based 14 with traditional social networks. Key findings include an inverted U-shaped age pattern of labor force participation, with a widening gender gap after childbearing age. Compared with men, women’s age-related labor participation distribution more clearly demonstrates the impact of childbearing. While, generally stable from 30 to 50, women face a 15 slump in participation during the childbearing years (ages 30–35). Participation rebounds somewhat after age 35, but it never fully recovers to its peak level. It then 16 a gradual decline and begins a sharp descent from age 50 onward. 17 , the gender wage gap 18 and widens over the life cycle, while employed women now have higher average years of schooling than men. Rural-to-urban migrants show higher labor force participation rates but remain disadvantaged in wages, education, and social security 19 . By rigorously tracking labor market 20 and household welfare through standardized surveys, this work fulfills an urgent need for theoretical and policy development in labor economics. Thus, this survey provides a comprehensive picture of the structural characteristics and challenges of China’s urban labor market, providing a solid data foundation for academic research and public policy design. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．G 14．C 15．J 16．F 17．I 18．E 19．D 20．K 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了社科院开展中国城市劳动力调查并严格把控数据，研究发现男女劳动参与率、薪资存在差异，该调研为相关学术研究与政策制定提供了可靠数据依据。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：为了深入了解中国的城市劳动力市场，中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所（IPLE-CASS）于2023年开展了第五轮中国城市劳动力调查，该调查历时超过二十年，涵盖八个具有代表性的大城市，共收集了9122份家庭问卷和 26145 份个人问卷，这些问卷来自381个社区。此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，与covers并列，用动词第三人称单数，根据“five rounds over more than two decades”可知，此处指“表示该调查跨度超过二十多年，共完成五轮”，spans“跨越（时间/空间），持续”为动词，符合语境。 12．考查名词。句意：此次调查收集了9122份家庭问卷和26145份个人问卷，来自381个社区委员会。此处为名词作宾语成分，committees为名词，意为“委员会”。构成固定搭配neighborhood committees 指“社区居委会”，符合语境，是调查数据的采集单位。 13．考查形容词。句意：质量控制措施包括面部识别、GPS验证、自动检测辅助数据异常和问卷数据离群值，以及人工审查。分析句子可知，此空作定语修饰review，manual为形容词，意为“人工的、手动的”。结合上文“Graduate students from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS) were recruited to serve as supervisors and reviewers.”可知，此处指“人工审核”，是质量控制的重要环节，与前文“automated detection（自动检测）”形成对比，形容词manual“手工的，手动的”符合语境。 14．考查名词。句意：此外，求职方式结合了市场渠道和传统社交网络。空前market-based为形容词短语，此处为名词形式作combine宾语，结合“job search methods”以及“traditional social networks”可知，此处指求职方法结合了市场化渠道与传统社交网络，符合就业市场的实际情况，channels为名词，意为“渠道”，符合语境。 15．考查形容词。句意：然而，从30岁到50岁期间总体保持稳定，但在生育年龄段（30至35岁）女性的参与率却出现了明显的下降。此处作定语修饰slump，distinct为形容词，意为“明显的、显著的”，符合语境，表示女性在生育年龄（30至35岁）面临明显的劳动参与率下降。 16．考查动词。句意：随后又开始逐渐下降，并从50岁以后急剧下降。此处为动词作谓语成分，陈述客观现状，用一般现在时；前文提到 35 岁后参与率有所反弹但未达峰值，此处指随后恢复逐渐下降的趋势，resumes为动词，意为“恢复、重新开始”，符合语境。 17．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，性别工资差距在整个生命周期中持续存在并不断扩大，而目前就业女性的平均受教育年限高于男性。此处为副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，置于句首，首字母大写；Notably为副词，意为“值得注意的是”，用于句首引出另一个核心研究发现，起到强调和过渡的作用，符合语境。 18．考查动词。句意：值得注意的是，性别工资差距在整个生命周期中持续存在并不断扩大，而目前就业女性的平均受教育年限高于男性。此处与widens并列作谓语成分，用动词第三人称单数；persists为动词，意为“持续存在”，符合语境，说明性别工资差距不仅持续存在，还会在整个生命周期中进一步拉大。 19．考查名词。句意：从农村到城市的移民的劳动力参与率较高，但在工资、教育和社会保障覆盖方面仍处于不利地位。与空前wages, education并列，作in宾语为名词，此处也应为名词形式，coverage为名词，意为“覆盖范围”，构成固定搭配social security coverage 指“社会保障覆盖”，是农民工处于劣势的领域之一，符合语境。 20．考查名词。句意：通过严格跟踪劳动力市场动态和家庭福利情况，并通过标准化调查进行研究，这项工作满足了劳动力经济学理论和政策发展的迫切需求。此处作宾语成分，dynamics为名词，意为“动态、变化趋势”，labor market dynamics 指 “劳动力市场动态”，是该调查长期追踪的核心对象，符合语境，与household welfare并列，作tracking宾语。 II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide 21 information that’s extremely valuable to our clients. But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you 22 the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always 23 . Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them: 1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants. “How well do you think we delivered on your project?” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, 24 to ask, “How did we deliver on your project?” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias. 2. Balance the options from which participants can choose. Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the 25 is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work: • Extremely satisfied • Very satisfied • Satisfied • Somewhat unsatisfied • Unsatisfied As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) 26 option in the middle of the scale. 3. Don’t lead the witness or participant. Again, if you’re seeking 27 and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to 28 in a certain way. 29 , my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think?” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think. 4. Avoid double-barrel questions. Be mindful about including two questions in one and 30 how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question. They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The 31 of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together. 5. Don’t write coercive questions. These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer 32 surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided 33 . Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that 34 biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) 35 way for your participants to answer. 21．A．quantitative B．controversial C．mysterious D．proper 22．A．craft B．pave C．tempt D．anchor 23．A．delightful B．dominant C．accurate D．independent 24．A．repeat B．rephrase C．restore D．refresh 25．A．portion B．category C．thread D．scale 26．A．random B．informative C．sacred D．neutral 27．A．instinct B．gratitude C．truth D．harmony 28．A．reverse B．respond C．deny D．compete 29．A．In addition B．For instance C．After all D．Above all 30．A．limiting B．spilling C．inserting D．distracting 31．A．integrity B．endurance C．exploitation D．highlight 32．A．discrimination B．satisfaction C．transition D．perseverance 33．A．on good terms B．by no means C．at all costs D．to some extent 34．A．conserves B．entitles C．seals D．includes 35．A．isolated B．objective C．selected D．reflective 【答案】 21．A 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述设计调查问卷时需避免诱导性问题，确保问题中立、客观，以获取真实有效的数据。 【详解】21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也知道，调查可以提供量化的信息，这些信息对我们的客户来说极具价值。A. quantitative量化的；B. controversial有争议的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. proper适当的。根据上文 “I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development.”可知，作者经验一家市场调研公司，而市场调查通常关注可量化的数据，如评分、数量。故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但通过调查获得的数据质量，完全取决于你设计调查问题的水平。A. craft精心设计；B. pave铺就；C. tempt引诱；D. anchor锚定。根据上文“so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development.”可知，收集目标受众数据并用于产品开发很重要，因此需要精心设计问卷的问题，才能收集到有价值的信息。故选A。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到团队常犯的一个主要错误是设计诱导性问题，这些问题可能会让公司得到他们想听的结果，但这些结果往往并不准确。A. delightful令人愉快的；B. dominant主导的；C. accurate准确的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear”可知，团队设计的问题有诱导性，因此得到的数据是被误导之下得到的，会与真实数据有偏差，即并不真实准确。故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更客观，可以重新措辞为“我们在您的项目中表现如何？”这个细微的调整消除了隐含的偏见。A. repeat重复；B. rephrase重新措辞；C. restore恢复；D. refresh刷新。根据上文“How well do you think we delivered on your project?”及下文“How did we deliver on your project?”可知，下文将上文的问题做了调整变化，即重新措辞变成新的问题进行问卷调查。故选B。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果采用多选题形式，你需要确保量表在积极和消极反馈之间保持平衡。A. portion部分；B. category类别；C. thread线索；D. scale量表。根据下文“for both positive and negative responses”可知，这里积极与消极回应是指评分“量表”的平衡性，即好坏的衡量标准。故选D。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，如果在积极端使用“极其”，那么消极端也应该有“极其”，并在量表中部设置一个中立的选项。A. random随机的；B. informative信息丰富的；C. sacred神圣的；D. neutral中立的。根据下文“in the middle of the scale.”可知，好坏评价标准要在量表中间，即设计一个中立的选项。故选D。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重申一下，如果你追求的是真相，而且你本就应该清楚为什么要做这个调查，就不应该在问题前加入引导性陈述，以免参与者被诱导给出特定回答。A. instinct本能；B. gratitude感激；C. truth真相；D. harmony和谐。根据下文“you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place”可知，我们明确知道为何要做这个调查，因为要收集目标受众真实的数据，才能用于产品开发。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：重申一下，如果你追求的是真相，而且你本就应该清楚为什么要做这个调查，就不应该在问题前加入引导性陈述，以免参与者被诱导给出特定回答。A. reverse逆转；B. respond回答；C. deny否认；D. compete竞争。根据上文“you don’t want to put statements in front of a question”可知，不用在问题前加入引导性陈述，为的是避免参与者给出提问人想要的回答，导致得到的数据不真实。故选B。 29．考查副词短语辨析。句意：例如，我们公司与教育科技公司有大量合作。A. In addition此外；B. For instance例如；C. After all毕竟；D. Above all最重要的是。根据下文“my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market.”可知，下文给出了一个特定的关于诱导性问卷的例子。故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要注意避免在一个问题中包含两个问题，这会限制参与者的回答方式。A. limiting限制；B. spilling溢出；C. inserting插入；D. distracting分散注意力。根据上文“Be mindful about including two questions in one”可知，将两个问题合并在一个问题中，会导致参与者对两个问题只能给出一个答案，即限制参与者对两个问题给出两个回答。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你把多个问题混在一起时，收集到的数据完整性就会受到影响。 A. integrity完整性；B. endurance耐力；C. exploitation剥削；D. highlight亮点。根据上文“What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?”以及“They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters.”可知，将对于场地和演讲者的评价放在一个问题中，导致参与者只能统一回答喜欢或是讨厌，但实际两个问题答案不一致，导致最终得到的数据是不完整的，故选A。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据我的经验，这类问题最常出现在客户满意度调查和员工调查中，特别是当你想要突出积极面的时候。A. discrimination歧视；B. satisfaction满意度；C. transition过渡；D. perseverance毅力。根据下文““You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?””可知，这个问卷设计的问题，很明显在要求参与者给出正面积极或是肯定的答复，这些问题常见于询问客户“满意度”调查中，是诱导性问题，即诱导客户给出肯定答复，以表示满意。故选B。 33．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这些问题都充满了偏见，所以应该不惜一切代价避免它们。A. on good terms关系良好；B. by no means绝不；C. at all costs不惜一切代价；D. to some extent在某种程度上。根据上文“coercive questions.”可知，本段给出的建议是“拒绝胁迫式提问”，因此这里是不惜一切代价避免这类问题，呼应本段主题。故选C。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想获得包含偏见的数据，是的，诱导性问题确实能帮你得到这些数据点。A. conserves保存；B. entitles赋予权利；C. seals密封；D. includes包含。根据下文“yes, leading questions can help you get those data points.”可知，诱导信问卷会导致带有偏差的回答，因此这里指，若问题带有偏差，则数据会“包含”偏差。故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是当你不以客观的方式写问题让参与者回答时，数据的完整性就不可信了。A. isolated孤立的；B. objective客观的；C. selected精选的；D. reflective反思的。根据上文“ yes, leading questions can help you get those data points.”可知，若问题带有偏差，则数据会“包含”偏差，所以要以客观中立的方式设计问题。故选B。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 36．According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France? A．Physical beauty would be redefined. B．New runways would be constructed. C．Websites about dieting would thrive. D．The fashion industry would decline. 37．The phrase “impinging on” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A．heightening the value of B．indicating the state of C．losing faith in D．doing harm to 38．Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry? A．The French measures have already failed. B．New standards are being set in Denmark. C．Models are no longer under peer pressure. D．Its inherent problems are getting worse. 39．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals B．A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France C．Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty D．The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国际上在针对女性外表美进行改革，法国为首的国家，将通过法律来帮助女性树立正确的价值观以及对美的看法和标准。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.(自诩为全球时尚创新者的法国认为，其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性外表美的绝对权利。上周，该国立法者初步批准了一项法律，该法律将在t台上雇用超瘦模特定为犯罪。议会还同意禁止那些通过提倡极端节食来“煽动过度瘦”的网站)”可知，外在美在法国将被重新定义。故选A。 37．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“beauty should not be defined by looks that end up(美不应该以外貌来定义)”以及划线词后文“And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done.(对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是为了保护模特们免于饿死——就像有些模特所做的那样)”可知，美不应该以外貌来定义，后文为了美导致饿死的例子表明，注重外貌会对健康造成伤害。故划线词意思是“对……造成伤害”。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.(在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，它正试图为模特和时尚形象设定自愿的标准，这些标准更多地依赖于同行的压力来执行)”可知，丹麦正在制定新的标准。故选B。 39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.(自诩为全球时尚创新者的法国认为，其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性外表美的绝对权利。上周，该国立法者初步批准了一项法律，该法律将在t台上雇用超瘦模特定为犯罪。议会还同意禁止那些通过提倡极端节食来“煽动过度瘦”的网站)”，倒数第三段“The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.(时尚界知道，专注于材料装饰和理想化的体型存在固有的问题)”；最后一段“Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.(依靠道德上的说服而不是法律来解决对理想身材的滥用可能是最好的一步。更好的做法是，帮助提升美的概念，使其超越特定行业的物质标准)”结合文章主要说明了国际上在针对女性外表美进行改革，法国为首的国家，将通过法律来帮助女性树立正确的价值观以及对美的看法和标准可知，A选项“对时尚界理想身材的挑战”最符合文章标题。故选A。 (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 40．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 41．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 42．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的定义，工作原理、应用和前景。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly.( BCIs绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行预期动作的中间步骤，而是使用计算机识别预期动作，然后直接控制设备的应用)”可知，脑机接口（BCI）绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行期望动作的中间步骤，而运动控制需要协调和使用肌肉来完成动作，所以BCI与运动控制的不同在于它跳过了通过肌肉进行的身体表现。故选A项。 41．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. (起初，一个专门的设备捕捉大脑的电活动，提供反映用户意图的原始数据。然后，这些数据被发送到计算机，计算机对这些信号进行处理和分析，以解码用户想要的动作)”可知，计算机在 BCI 系统中的作用是处理大脑信号以识别意图。故选C项。 42．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies.( BCI的另一个重要步骤是反馈：系统必须以某种方式让用户知道计算机能够解释的决定或预期动作。在前面的示例中，灯成功打开向用户表明BCI成功识别了用户想要的操作。提供反馈可以帮助用户适应BCI系统，学习如何控制和调整大脑活动，就像我们可以学习协调和控制我们的肌肉和身体一样)”可知，反馈这一步骤帮助用户适应 BCI 系统并确认他们的预期动作，在图示中，④表示外部设备（如灯）对用户意图的反应，即反馈，所以④这一步骤帮助用户适应和确认他们的预期动作，D 选项正确。①②③这三个步骤都不是反馈步骤，A、B、C 错误。故选D项。 (C) A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional. The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence. Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress. Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play. “It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.” Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients. But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming number” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response. 43．According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular? A．It has been in existence for no less than twenty years. B．Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals. C．It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier. D．There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients. 44．Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____ A．illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists. B．highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies. C．question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients. D．criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously. 45．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think. B．It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals. C．Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed. D．Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies 46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．More evidence found for dog-human relationship B．Potential effects dogs have on patients C．Therapeutic animal: nothing new D．Good dog, good therapist? 【答案】43．C 44．A 45．C 46．D 【分析】本文为议论文。动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动能少痛苦悲伤，使人更快乐。文章中针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home.”可知，动物疗法自几十年前最初出现以来，一直广受欢迎。人们普遍认为，与动物的互动都能减少悲伤。而C项（人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐）就是对本句的同义解释。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，但目前还不清楚是动物的功劳还是其他因素在有助于缓解压力。可推断出还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上，因此C项（与一种狗有关的研究结果可能不适用于另一种狗）符合题意。故选C 46．主旨大意题。文章前两段提出观点“人们普遍认为和动物在一起可以使人更快乐”。接着本文主要针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判。如第四段中的“it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play”可知，还需要更多的科学证据证明动物是有效的治疗者。最后一段“If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.”可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上。因此D项（Good dog, good therapist?“好狗，好的治疗师？”）能概括全文。故D项。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Nurturing empathy with a sense of balance As the year’s end approaches, many Americans get bombarded (大量提问) by requests for donations to all manner of charities. I’m an easy target, a softy readily tricked by impassioned requests to help improve the well-being of people, animals and the environment, and I often respond to more appeals than my earnings. This year will be different, thanks to advice from one of the leading experts on empathy, Dr. Helen Riess, associate professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at Harvard Medical School and author of a new book, The Empathy Effect, that explores the neuroscience behind concern for others and offers advice on how to nurture and implement it most effectively. Instead of a scattershot of small gifts to a dozen or more charities, Dr. Riess suggested in an interview that I “pick one or two where a more substantial contribution can really make a difference.” Empathy doesn’t mean saying “yes” to every request, she emphasized. “ 47 .” Let something from your own life experience determine which issues are closest to your heart and most deserve your money, she suggests in her book. For me, that would be education and food security; I’ll leave it to others to save abandoned pets and the planet this year. Perhaps no one knows the importance of balancing feelings with thoughts better than Dr. Judith Orloff, a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist and the author of The Empath’s Survival Guide. Her book can help highly sensitive people avoid taking on everyone else’s needs and problems, which Dr. Riess says can lead to “compassion fatigue” and burnout. “ 48 ” Dr. Orloff said in an interview. “It’s important to be empathetic but also to set healthy limits and boundaries rather than being a doormat (受气包). If you’re a highly sensitive person, you have to learn how to channel your energy. Healthy empathy is when you give from your heart, but not martyr yourself.” Research by Dr. Riess and her collaborators has shown that we are each born with a given number of neurons that participate in an empathetic response. But whether this potential to care appropriately for one’s fellow beings is realized or undermined is largely molded by early life experiences, starting at birth and continuing throughout childhood. How, then, can a healthy degree of empathy be instilled in a child? “ 49 ” Dr. Riess told me. “We’re all born with a certain talent, but it can be dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated depending upon environmental factors” — especially, she said, by the examples set by a child’s caregivers. Dr. Riess urges parents to be role models who show respect and caring for others. Dr. Riess has vivid memories of how her parents demonstrated empathy, by taking turkeys before Thanksgiving to the homes of people who had almost nothing. “Kids tend to focus on what they don’t have — this exposes them to people who have so much less and gives them the gift of being a giver.” With older children, parents might take them to help out in a soup kitchen or visit a nursing home, Dr. Riess suggested. “ 50 ” she wrote. A．There is healthy giving and there is unhealthy, codependent giving that can ultimately make you feel worse. B．As a more rational, less emotional approach, “cognitive empathy” is an ideal approach. C．It’s never too late to guide a child toward greater appreciation of others' feelings. D．Recognize that you can’t save the world, and give to organizations that are most important to you. E．Empathy is a changeable quality; it can be taught. F．Caregivers can cultivate empathy by acknowledging rather than dismissing a child’s distress. 【答案】47．D 48．A 49．E 50．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何平衡培养同理心，多位专家给出捐赠取舍、设立边界、从小引导孩子同理心的可行方法。 【详解】47．上文“Empathy doesn’t mean saying “yes” to every request, she emphasized. (她强调，同理心并不意味着对每一个请求都说“是”。)”指出不必答应所有捐赠请求，下文“Let something from your own life experience determine which issues are closest to your heart and most deserve your money, she suggests in her book. (她在书中建议，让你自己的生活经历决定哪些问题最贴近你的心，最值得你花钱。)”说明要选定心仪机构捐赠。D选项“Recognize that you can’t save the world, and give to organizations that are most important to you. (要认清你无法拯救全世界，只捐助对你最重要的机构。)”承接上文观点，引出下文挑选捐赠方向，符合语境。 48．下文“It’s important to be empathetic but also to set healthy limits and boundaries rather than being a doormat (受气包). (同理心很重要，但也要设定健康的限制和界限，而不是成为受气包。)”区分适度同理心与无底线付出，A选项“There is healthy giving and there is unhealthy, codependent giving that can ultimately make you feel worse. (付出分为健康型付出与不健康的依附式付出，后者最终会让你身心俱疲。)”总领本段，划分两种付出模式，与后文论述相呼应，符合语境。 49．上文“How, then, can a healthy degree of empathy be instilled in a child? (那么该如何培养孩子适度健康的同理心能力？)”提出如何培养孩子同理心的问题，下文“We’re all born with a certain talent, but it can be dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated depending upon environmental factors (我们天生具备同理心潜能，但环境会大幅增强或削弱这种能力)”说明同理心会受后天环境影响改变。E选项“Empathy is a changeable quality; it can be taught. (同理心是可改变的特质，能够后天培养。)”回答前文提问，衔接后文环境影响的内容，符合语境。 50．上文“With older children, parents might take them to help out in a soup kitchen or visit a nursing home, Dr. Riess suggested. (里斯博士建议，家长可以带年龄较大的孩子去救济食堂、养老院做志愿。)”介绍引导大龄孩子同理心的实践方式，前文也提到孩童时期同理心可塑造，C选项“It’s never too late to guide a child toward greater appreciation of others’ feelings. (引导孩子学会体谅他人感受，永远为时不晚。)”承接前文亲子培养同理心的话题，总结对年长孩子开展同理心教育的观点，符合语境。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. This therapeutic approach has been gaining recognition in recent years, supported by various studies highlighting its benefits. Scientists and health professionals have observed that engaging with plants and nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. A study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals who participated in gardening activities reported lower levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Gardening also encourages physical activity, which is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health and overall fitness. Dr. Richard Ryan, a prominent psychologist at Harvard, emphasizes the importance of nature in fostering psychological well-being. He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The act of nurturing plants can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with mental health issues, as it fosters mindfulness and presence in the moment. Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. The structured nature of gardening tasks can help individuals develop new skills and improve their social interactions, which are crucial for recovery. Gardening therapy is a valuable tool that taps the therapeutic potential of nature. Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. As more studies emerge, the recognition of gardening as a legitimate therapeutic practice continues to grow, paving the way for its broader implementation in healthcare settings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in diverse populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research. 【导语】本文主要介绍了园艺疗法这一通过园艺活动促进身心健康的实践方式，阐述了其科学依据，说明了其对不同人群的积极意义，并指出这一疗法正日益获得认可并有望在医疗保健领域推广。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. ②Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. ③He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. ④Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. ⑤Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. 2. 缜密构思 以第1要点统领全文；将第2、3要点进行整合，构成核心益处；将第4要点作为补充，说明其适用人群，将第5要点作为总结评价。 3. 遣词造句 Gardening therapy uses gardening activities to promote well-being. It can significantly reduce stress and improve mood and cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose, fosters mindfulness, and aids recovery. It is used in recovery programs for the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function.（运用了that引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research.（运用了三个并列谓语，及过去分词短语作后置定语对） IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．他一到家就发现门口堆满了快递，这让他哭笑不得。(no sooner) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】No sooner had he got home than he found the doorway was piled with parcels, which made him feel embarrassed and amused. 【详解】本题要求使用所给词no sooner翻译，需采用“no sooner...than...”的固定句型，表示“一……就……”，在该句型中，前半部分用过去完成时态，后半部分用一般过去时态，且no sooner置于句首时主句要部分倒装；“他一到家”可译为he had no sooner got home，其中got home表示“到家”，用过去完成时态，可将否定词no sooner置于句首，助动词had提到主语he之前，即No sooner had he got home；“就发现门口堆满了快递”是than引导的从句，保持正常语序，用一般过去时态，译为than he found the doorway was piled with parcels；“这让他哭笑不得”修饰前面整个主句，可处理非限制性定语从句which made him feel embarrassed and amused，其中关系代词which指代前面提到的事情。 53．直到失去健康，他才意识到那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得。(until) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Not until he lost his health did he realize how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were. 【详解】本题要求使用所给词until翻译，且表达“直到……才……”的含义，可使用“not…until…”句型的倒装结构，表示强调；“直到失去健康”作时间状语，译为not until he lost his health，置于句首，引起主句部分倒装；主句中“他才意识到……”可译为he realized…，因not until… 置于句首，需用部分倒装，将助动词did提到主语he之前，谓语动词realized用原形realize；“那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得”作宾语，可译为宾语从句how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were。 54．法国决定将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国，这一做法在国际上被广泛视为文化正义的体现。(decision) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】France’s decision to return precious cultural relics lost from China decades ago is widely regarded internationally as an embodiment of civilization and justice. 【详解】“法国决定将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国”可处理为主语，核心部分“法国决定”可理解为“法国的决定”，译为France’s decision，其后“将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国”可处理为后置定语，译为不定式短语to return precious cultural relics lost from China decades ago，其中过去分词短语lost from China decades ago作后置定语修饰名词词组precious cultural relics；“这一做法”作主语，指代前面法国决定归还文物的这一行为，与前面译文重复，可略去，不作处理；“被广泛视为”是谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态is widely regarded as，“国际上”作状语，用副词internationally；“文化正义的体现”作介词后宾语，译为an embodiment of culture and justice。 55．这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。(favour) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The app developed by this unknown team became popular unexpectedly, which not only made them the focus of media overnight but also taught them that opportunities favour those who stick to perfecting small things. 【详解】句子描述过去的事，整体使用一般过去时。根据句意，主句为“这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，”，主语“这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序”译为The app developed by this unknown team，其中“The app”作主语，“开发”译为develop，与app为被动关系，故用过去分词developed作后置定语，“名不见经传的”译为unknown修饰team；“意外走红”译为became popular unexpectedly作谓语部分。“不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。”为定语从句，用非限制性定语从句which指代前文整件事，“不仅……也……”用not only...but also...结构；“让他们成为各大媒体关注的焦点”译为made them the focus of media，“一夜之间”译为overnight作状语；“让他们深刻体会到”译为taught them，后接that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句为客观事实，用一般现在时；结合提示词favour，“机遇往往青睐”译为opportunities favour；“那些坚持把小事做到极致的人”中先行词为those，用who引导定语从句，“坚持做某事”译为stick to doing sth.，“把小事做到极致”译为perfecting small things。 V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76．假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。学校社团招新季即将到来，你想创办一个全新的社团，需要向学生会提交一份申请说明，内容须包括： (1)简要介绍你想创办的社团; (2)你想创办该社团的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Student Union,           I’m Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from Mingqi High School. Knowing that the club recruitment season is drawing near, I’m writing to apply for setting up a completely new poetry communication club.           Focusing on sharing poems and exchanging feelings, this club is open to all poetry lovers who are willing to discover the beauty of words. We plan to hold regular reading activities and creative writing sessions. There, members can appreciate classic poems and create their own works freely.          The reason why I want to launch this club is that poetry can connect different people and ease our study pressure. What matters most is that reading and writing poems can enrich our inner world. It is the warmth hidden in poems that makes it possible for us to make like‑minded friends and enjoy a more colorful school life.           I sincerely hope that my application will be approved.                                                                                                                                                                                              Yours sincerely,                                                                                                                                                                                                    Li Hua    【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，向学生会提交创办诗歌交流社团的申请，介绍社团基本情况并说明创办理由。   【详解】1.词汇积累 临近：draw near → approach 创办：set up → establish​ 全新的：completely new → brand‑new 缓解压力：ease pressure → relieve stress 2.句式拓展    合并简单句 原句：We plan to hold regular reading activities and creative writing sessions. There, members can appreciate classic poems and create their own works freely.    拓展句：We plan to hold regular reading activities and creative writing sessions, where members can appreciate classic poems and create their own works freely.    【点睛】【高分句型1】Focusing on sharing poems and exchanging feelings, this club is open to all poetry lovers who are willing to discover the beauty of words. (运用了现在分词作状语和who引导的定语从句)    【高分句型2】What matters most is that reading and writing poems can enrich our inner world. (运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)   2 / 23 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年春季高考英语冲刺模拟卷02（上海专用） 参考答案 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【答案】 1．where 2．what 3．appearing 4．to have 5．was 6．Founded 7．were equipped 8．until/till 9．preserves 10．Whether Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．G 14．C 15．J 16．F 17．I 18．E 19．D 20．K II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【答案】 21．A 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A (B) 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D (C) 【答案】43．C 44．A 45．C 46．D Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【答案】47．D 48．A 49．E 50．C III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 【答案】Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in diverse populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research. IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．【答案】No sooner had he got home than he found the doorway was piled with parcels, which made him feel embarrassed and amused. 53．【答案】Not until he lost his health did he realize how worthless those days of working overtime day and night were. 54．【答案】France’s decision to return precious cultural relics lost from China decades ago is widely regarded internationally as an embodiment of civilization and justice. 55．【答案】The app developed by this unknown team became popular unexpectedly, which not only made them the focus of media overnight but also taught them that opportunities favour those who stick to perfecting small things. V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 【答案】Dear Student Union,           I’m Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from Mingqi High School. Knowing that the club recruitment season is drawing near, I’m writing to apply for setting up a completely new poetry communication club.           Focusing on sharing poems and exchanging feelings, this club is open to all poetry lovers who are willing to discover the beauty of words. We plan to hold regular reading activities and creative writing sessions. There, members can appreciate classic poems and create their own works freely.          The reason why I want to launch this club is that poetry can connect different people and ease our study pressure. What matters most is that reading and writing poems can enrich our inner world. It is the warmth hidden in poems that makes it possible for us to make like‑minded friends and enjoy a more colorful school life.           I sincerely hope that my application will be approved.                                                                                                                                                                                              Yours sincerely,                                           Li Hua    2 / 23 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $绝密★启用前|学科网试题命制中心 2027年春季高考英语冲刺模拟卷02（上海专用) 英语答题卡 (考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分) 姓 名： 缺考 钙 条 码粘贴处 准考证号： 注意事项 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 正确填涂 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1一15小题，16-23小题，每小题1分：39-50小题，每小题2分： 1.A1B1「C1 [D 6.JA1「B1「C1ID1 11.[A1[B1IC1[D] 16.[A][B][C][D][ 2.[A1「B [D 7.[A][B][C][D 12.[A1[B1「C1[D EI [D 8.[A1IB1「C1ID 13.A1[B1「C1 [D 17.LA][B][CI[D][ 4.[A [C1 [D 9.IA1「B1「C1「D 14.[A1B1C1 [D 5.A 10.[A][B][C][D] 15.A1[B1[C] [D1 18.[A][B][C][DJ[ 19A][B][C][D][ E] 20.[A][B][C][D][ 39.[A][B][C [D] 45.[A][B][C][D 21. TA1IB1「CID E 40 A B 46.A1「B C 22. [A][B][C][D 41.[A B D 47.A1[B1 C 23.] E 42 48. A 43 B C 49.A C D 44. B D 50.[A D 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） Ⅱ.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词（本大题共8题，共8分） 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. IV.根据所给要求完成句子)（本大题共7题，每题2分，共14分） 32. 33.. 34. 35. 36. 37.. 38. V.Reading comprehension(阅读理解) C.Fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其 内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)14分) 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56 57. D.Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答问题)(I2分) 58 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. I.Writing(作文)（本大题共1题，共25分） 英语第2页（共2页） 2027年春季高考英语冲刺模拟卷02（上海专用） 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸 上， 做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Bow Street Police Museum: A Journey Through History In the heart of London lies a hidden treasure for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike. The Bow Street Police Museum is a fascinating place 1 history comes to life, offering a unique look at one of London’s oldest policing stations. Located in central London, the museum occupies 2 was once the Bow Street Police Station and Magistrates Court. This historic building opened in 1881 and played a key role in law enforcement for over a century. In the past, people arrested in the area were held overnight in cells before 3 (appear) in court the next morning. Today, visitors can explore these cells, including a particularly large one called “the tank.” It once held many people at a time and was known 4 (have) an awful smell and poor conditions. Walking into the tank today makes it easy to imagine how unpleasant it 5 (be) back then. The museum also tells the story of the Bow Street Runners, often considered London’s first organized police force.   6 (found) in 1749 by brothers Henry and John Fielding, this group laid the foundation for modern policing. Henry Fielding was also a well-known author, and new officers under him   7 (equip) with simple tools like handcuffs, a pistol, and a stick to help maintain peace. The police station finally closed in 1992, while the court continued operating 8 2006. It hosted several famous trials. Today, the museum   9 (preserve) this rich history, sharing stories of crime, justice, and the people who worked there.   10 you’re exploring the cells or learning about important trials, the Bow Street Police Museum offers an unforgettable journey into the past. Section B (10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．committees        B．Profoundly        C． channels        D．coverage        E. persists  F. resumes G. manual            H. spans            I. Notably        J. distinct  K. dynamics To gain an in-depth understanding of China’s urban labor market, the Institute of Population and Labor Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IPLE-CASS) conducted the fifth wave of the China Urban Labor Survey in 2023, which 11 five rounds over more than two decades and covers eight major representative cities. The survey collected 9,122 household questionnaires and 26,145 individual questionnaires from 381 neighborhood 12 . Graduate students from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (UCASS) were recruited to serve as supervisors and reviewers. Quality control included facial recognition, GPS verification, automated detection of paradata anomalies and questionnaire data outliers, and 13 review. Based on this data, the report systematically analyzes employment, wages, educational attainment, and social security among China’s urban workforce. Additionally, job search methods combine market-based 14 with traditional social networks. Key findings include an inverted U-shaped age pattern of labor force participation, with a widening gender gap after childbearing age. Compared with men, women’s age-related labor participation distribution more clearly demonstrates the impact of childbearing. While, generally stable from 30 to 50, women face a 15 slump in participation during the childbearing years (ages 30–35). Participation rebounds somewhat after age 35, but it never fully recovers to its peak level. It then 16 a gradual decline and begins a sharp descent from age 50 onward. 17 , the gender wage gap 18 and widens over the life cycle, while employed women now have higher average years of schooling than men. Rural-to-urban migrants show higher labor force participation rates but remain disadvantaged in wages, education, and social security 19 . By rigorously tracking labor market 20 and household welfare through standardized surveys, this work fulfills an urgent need for theoretical and policy development in labor economics. Thus, this survey provides a comprehensive picture of the structural characteristics and challenges of China’s urban labor market, providing a solid data foundation for academic research and public policy design. II. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide 21 information that’s extremely valuable to our clients. But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you 22 the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always 23 . Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them: 1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants. “How well do you think we delivered on your project?” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, 24 to ask, “How did we deliver on your project?” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias. 2. Balance the options from which participants can choose. Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the 25 is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work: • Extremely satisfied • Very satisfied • Satisfied • Somewhat unsatisfied • Unsatisfied As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) 26 option in the middle of the scale. 3. Don’t lead the witness or participant. Again, if you’re seeking 27 and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to 28 in a certain way. 29 , my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think?” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think. 4. Avoid double-barrel questions. Be mindful about including two questions in one and 30 how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question. They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The 31 of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together. 5. Don’t write coercive questions. These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer 32 surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided 33 . Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that 34 biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) 35 way for your participants to answer. 21．A．quantitative B．controversial C．mysterious D．proper 22．A．craft B．pave C．tempt D．anchor 23．A．delightful B．dominant C．accurate D．independent 24．A．repeat B．rephrase C．restore D．refresh 25．A．portion B．category C．thread D．scale 26．A．random B．informative C．sacred D．neutral 27．A．instinct B．gratitude C．truth D．harmony 28．A．reverse B．respond C．deny D．compete 29．A．In addition B．For instance C．After all D．Above all 30．A．limiting B．spilling C．inserting D．distracting 31．A．integrity B．endurance C．exploitation D．highlight 32．A．discrimination B．satisfaction C．transition D．perseverance 33．A．on good terms B．by no means C．at all costs D．to some extent 34．A．conserves B．entitles C．seals D．includes 35．A．isolated B．objective C．selected D．reflective Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death — as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 36．According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France? A．Physical beauty would be redefined. B．New runways would be constructed. C．Websites about dieting would thrive. D．The fashion industry would decline. 37．The phrase “impinging on” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A．heightening the value of B．indicating the state of C．losing faith in D．doing harm to 38．Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry? A．The French measures have already failed. B．New standards are being set in Denmark. C．Models are no longer under peer pressure. D．Its inherent problems are getting worse. 39．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals B．A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France C．Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty D．The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 40．How does a BCI differ from motor control? A．It skips physical performance via muscles. B．It requires stronger muscle movements. C．It coordinates a variety of body parts. D．It relies entirely on external sensors. 41．What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A．Measuring brain activity through sensors. B．Providing physical feedback to the user. C．Processing brain signals to identify intent D．Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 42．Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ (C) A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed by a mental health professional. The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home. Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence. Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress. Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play. “It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words, people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.” Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17th century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on patients. But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she wrote, and an “alarming number” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response. 43．According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular? A．It has been in existence for no less than twenty years. B．Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals. C．It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier. D．There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients. 44．Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____ A．illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists. B．highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies. C．question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients. D．criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously. 45．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think. B．It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals. C．Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed. D．Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human-animal studies 46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．More evidence found for dog-human relationship B．Potential effects dogs have on patients C．Therapeutic animal: nothing new D．Good dog, good therapist? Section C (8分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Nurturing empathy with a sense of balance As the year’s end approaches, many Americans get bombarded (大量提问) by requests for donations to all manner of charities. I’m an easy target, a softy readily tricked by impassioned requests to help improve the well-being of people, animals and the environment, and I often respond to more appeals than my earnings. This year will be different, thanks to advice from one of the leading experts on empathy, Dr. Helen Riess, associate professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at Harvard Medical School and author of a new book, The Empathy Effect, that explores the neuroscience behind concern for others and offers advice on how to nurture and implement it most effectively. Instead of a scattershot of small gifts to a dozen or more charities, Dr. Riess suggested in an interview that I “pick one or two where a more substantial contribution can really make a difference.” Empathy doesn’t mean saying “yes” to every request, she emphasized. “ 47 .” Let something from your own life experience determine which issues are closest to your heart and most deserve your money, she suggests in her book. For me, that would be education and food security; I’ll leave it to others to save abandoned pets and the planet this year. Perhaps no one knows the importance of balancing feelings with thoughts better than Dr. Judith Orloff, a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist and the author of The Empath’s Survival Guide. Her book can help highly sensitive people avoid taking on everyone else’s needs and problems, which Dr. Riess says can lead to “compassion fatigue” and burnout. “ 48 ” Dr. Orloff said in an interview. “It’s important to be empathetic but also to set healthy limits and boundaries rather than being a doormat (受气包). If you’re a highly sensitive person, you have to learn how to channel your energy. Healthy empathy is when you give from your heart, but not martyr yourself.” Research by Dr. Riess and her collaborators has shown that we are each born with a given number of neurons that participate in an empathetic response. But whether this potential to care appropriately for one’s fellow beings is realized or undermined is largely molded by early life experiences, starting at birth and continuing throughout childhood. How, then, can a healthy degree of empathy be instilled in a child? “ 49 ” Dr. Riess told me. “We’re all born with a certain talent, but it can be dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated depending upon environmental factors” — especially, she said, by the examples set by a child’s caregivers. Dr. Riess urges parents to be role models who show respect and caring for others. Dr. Riess has vivid memories of how her parents demonstrated empathy, by taking turkeys before Thanksgiving to the homes of people who had almost nothing. “Kids tend to focus on what they don’t have — this exposes them to people who have so much less and gives them the gift of being a giver.” With older children, parents might take them to help out in a soup kitchen or visit a nursing home, Dr. Riess suggested. “ 50 ” she wrote. A．There is healthy giving and there is unhealthy, codependent giving that can ultimately make you feel worse. B．As a more rational, less emotional approach, “cognitive empathy” is an ideal approach. C．It’s never too late to guide a child toward greater appreciation of others' feelings. D．Recognize that you can’t save the world, and give to organizations that are most important to you. E．Empathy is a changeable quality; it can be taught. F．Caregivers can cultivate empathy by acknowledging rather than dismissing a child’s distress. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. This therapeutic approach has been gaining recognition in recent years, supported by various studies highlighting its benefits. Scientists and health professionals have observed that engaging with plants and nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. A study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals who participated in gardening activities reported lower levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Gardening also encourages physical activity, which is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health and overall fitness. Dr. Richard Ryan, a prominent psychologist at Harvard, emphasizes the importance of nature in fostering psychological well-being. He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The act of nurturing plants can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with mental health issues, as it fosters mindfulness and presence in the moment. Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. The structured nature of gardening tasks can help individuals develop new skills and improve their social interactions, which are crucial for recovery. Gardening therapy is a valuable tool that taps the therapeutic potential of nature. Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. As more studies emerge, the recognition of gardening as a legitimate therapeutic practice continues to grow, paving the way for its broader implementation in healthcare settings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．他一到家就发现门口堆满了快递，这让他哭笑不得。(no sooner) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 53．直到失去健康，他才意识到那些没日没夜加班的日子是多么不值得。(until) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 54．法国决定将数十年前从中国流失的珍贵文物归还给原属国，这一做法在国际上被广泛视为文化正义的体现。(decision) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 55．这个名不见经传的团队开发的应用程序意外走红，不仅让他们一夜之间成为各大媒体关注的焦点，也让他们深刻体会到，机遇往往青睐那些坚持把小事做到极致的人。(favour) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing (25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76．假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。学校社团招新季即将到来，你想创办一个全新的社团，需要向学生会提交一份申请说明，内容须包括： (1)简要介绍你想创办的社团; (2)你想创办该社团的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 23 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $