Unit 6 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（分层作业）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

分层作业 Unit 6 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 1、 将下列单词短语翻译为英文。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 轻轻一按按钮 ____________________ 2. 环境问题 ____________________ 3. 可再生能源 ____________________ 4. 在现实生活中 ____________________ 5. 努力做某事 ____________________ 6. 无人航天器 ____________________ 7. 寻找资源 ____________________ 8. 在接下来的 25 年内 ____________________ 9. 太阳辐射 ____________________ 10. 各种各样的植物 ____________________ 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The ______ (核的；核武器的) missiles could wipe out all life on the planet. 2. The environment on Mars is ______ (恶劣的；不利的) for human beings. 3. They sent an ______ (无人驾驶的) spacecraft to explore Mars. 4. The pictures taken by the robot are ______ (极好的；惊人的). 5. It is ______ (极其可怕的) to imagine the planet being destroyed. 6. The satellite will ______ (环绕…… 运行) the red planet for months. 7. ______ (先进的) technology helps humans explore outer space. 8. Radiation in space is a ______ (日常的) danger for space travellers. 9. Scientists are testing the ______ (土壤) on Mars for signs of water. 10. The ______ (定居；定居点) on Mars will take many years to achieve. 三、用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 consist of, have an effect on, be exposed to, in the meantime, lose contact with 1. Whoever ________ the disease is likely to be infected with it. 2. As we all know, the teacher selection ________ written examination and interview. 3. ________, I can tell you what's happening right now. 4. There is no doubt that the attitude of the leader can ________ the members of his team. 5. After the outbreak of the earthquake, he ________ his family, making him feel worried. 四、补全句子 1. 暴露在核辐射下的人很有可能会生病。 People who ________ ________ ________ nuclear radiation are likely to fall ill. 2. 这个研究项目由三个部分组成。 The research project ________ ________ three parts. 3. 在此期间，我们继续搜寻火星上生命的痕迹。 ________ ________ ________, we keep searching for signs of life on Mars. 4. 毫无疑问，太空探索会对人类的未来产生巨大影响。 There is no doubt that space exploration can ________ ________ ________ ________ the future of mankind. 5. 地震之后，他和救援队失去了联系。 After the earthquake, he ________ ________ ________ the rescue team. 6. 是先进的科技帮助人类探索遥远的星球。（强调句） ________ ________ the advanced technology ________ helps humans explore distant planets. 7. 科学家们正在努力寻找办法来消灭这种可怕的病毒。 Scientists are making efforts to find ways to ________ ________ this terrifying virus. 8. 我很荣幸代表我们学校在这里发表演讲。 I’m delighted to deliver a speech here ________ ________ ________ our school. 五、语法填空 Mars, ___ 1 ___ is relatively close to Earth, has long fascinated human beings. It has an environment less hostile than that of other planets, ___ 2 ___ (make) it the most likely choice if we want to explore other planets for human settlement. Since the 1960s, we ___ 3 ___ (send) unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. ___ 4 ___ (encourage) by these discoveries, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars, ___ 5 ___ could take place within the next 25 years. However, settling on Mars is full of challenges. Travelling there will take months through dangerous solar radiation. Even if the first settlers reach Mars safely, staying alive will be ___ 6 ___ daily challenge. Biosphere 2, a closed space in ___ 7 ___ people, animals and plants lived together, proved that living on another planet was not impossible, although the two-year experiment was not ___ 8 ___ (complete) a success. Now scientists have succeeded in growing plants in an environment similar ___ 9 ___ that on Mars. There is no doubt ___ 10 ___ exploring Mars is a big step forward for humankind. 六、完形填空 Tenzing Bodosa was awoken at midnight by a sound outside.He got up and saw several wild __1__ in his farm.For many farmers, seeing such animals appear in the farm is __2__.However, for Bodosa, who ran a large tea farm in the state of Assam, India, it meant everything was working __3__. The Asian elephants has been listed as a(n)__4__ species by International Union for Conservation of Nature and their population has __5__ by half in the past decades for various reasons.One is __6__ to the vast tea farms, which elephants regard as parts of their forest habitats and their migratory routes over centuries. “Sadly, in India，__7__ between humans and wild elephants often end up __8__，” said Bodosa.“I decided that there must be a way for us to live __9__.” Then Bodosa began a natural tea farm in 2007. To create an elephant-friendly area for elephants, Bodosa planted organic grass, fruits and tea.He also provided them with easy__10__ by making sure there were no fences or other __11__ to restrict wild elephants' movement. Gradually, his tea farm__12__ other animals' visiting.Many human visitors followed, too, and some even volunteered here.Bodosa's tea farm was __13__ as “the world's first elephant-friendly tea farm”．He has also trained many farmers in organic farming.“We have to work hard to __14__ the lives of both wild elephants and humans,” Bodosa said.The tea from such farms does have an economical and __15__ impact on Assam. 1．A.strains　　　　　　 B．elephants C．fields 　 D．plants 2．A.entertaining 　 B．satisfying C．alarming 　 D．embarrassing 3．A.as usual 　 B．by contrast C．after all 　 D．in advance 4．A.primitive 　 B．representative C．privileged 　 D．endangered 5．A.dropped 　 B．risen C．doubled 　 D．changed 6．A.adapted 　 B．connected C．compared 　 D．exposed 7．A.ranges 　 B．differences C．encounters 　 D．adventures 8．A.awkward 　 B．tragic C．humorous 　 D．controversial 9．A.publicly 　 B．privately C．significantly 　 D．harmoniously 10．A.passages 　 B．solutions C．assignments 　 D．calculations 11．A.criteria 　 B．associations C．regulations 　 D．barriers 12．A.lived off 　 B．resulted from C．appealed to 　 D．turned down 13．A.misread 　 B．diagnosed C．imagined 　 D．credited 14．A.extend 　 B．secure C．involve 　 D．threaten 15．A.ecological 　 B．religious C．cultural 　 D．negative 七、阅读理解 As global temperatures continue to rise, the demand for air conditioning is growing rapidly. According to the International Energy Agency, traditional air conditioning uses about 20% of all electricity consumed by buildings worldwide, and most of this energy comes from fossil fuels. Clearly, our comfort is coming at too high a cost. Interestingly, the solution might come from an unexpected source: termite mounds (白蚁丘). These structures, built by tiny insects using mud and plant fibers, are considered engineering wonders in nature. Even in hot and dry environments, termite mounds can remain relatively cool inside, with air circulating (循环) through their internal structures without any external power source. But how do they achieve this? Scientists have long been puzzled by this question. To investigate, researchers David Andréen and Rupert Soar carried out a study. They proposed that slight changes in the airflow above the mound create uneven air movements inside it. These air movements, they believed, help drive air through the network and contribute to maintaining a suitable internal environment. The team built simple 3D-printed models based on the narrow, interconnected channel networks found inside termite mounds. They also built a second set of models with straight channels of the same length. When the researchers applied gentle air movements to one end, air flowed through the branching network with significantly less resistance than through the straight channels, just as they had predicted. This suggested that it was the complex structure, rather than the total channel length, that improved airflow. By making air movement more efficient, the structure helps termite mounds regulate their internal conditions and remain comfortable living spaces even in extreme environments. According to the researchers, this structure could be incorporated into building walls in the future. Unlike traditional air conditioning, which relies on fans and consumes large amounts of energy, this system would require only tiny amounts of power to control airflow. “This might be groundbreaking,” said Andréen. “For the first time, we may be able to design buildings that breathe like living organisms rather than function like machines. The potential is enormous if we continue to explore what nature has to offer.” 1. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. The inefficient use of electricity. B. The heavy dependence on fossil fuels. C. The growing impact of climate change. D. The unsustainability of traditional cooling. 2. Why are termite mounds described as “engineering wonders”? A. They can stay naturally cool. B. They are built by tiny insects. C. They have power sources inside. D. They are made of renewable materials. 3. Why did the team build straight-channel models? A. To measure the speed of airflow. B. To reduce the resistance of channels. C. To observe how air traveled through channels. D. To test whether the structure influenced airflow. 4. What does the underlined phrase “breathe like living organisms” in the last paragraph mean? A. Function effectively with sufficient energy. B. Provide fresh air through electronic controls. C. Circulate automatically by built-in structures. D. Adjust airflow by energy-efficient machines. $ 分层作业 Unit 6 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 1、 将下列单词短语翻译为英文。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 1. at the push of a button 2. environmental problems 3. renewable energy 4. in real life 5. make efforts to do 6. unmanned spacecraft 7. search for resources 8. within the next 25 years 9. solar radiation 10. a variety of plants 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 【答案】 1. nuclear 2. hostile 3. unmanned 4. stunning 5. terrifying 6. orbit 7. advanced 8. daily 9. soil 10. settlement 三、用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 【答案】 1. is exposed to 2. consists of 3. In the meantime 4. have an effect on 5. lost contact with 四、补全句子 【答案】 1. are exposed to 2. consists of 3. In the meantime 4. have a great effect on 5. lost contact with 6. It is; that 7. wipe out 8. on behalf of 五、语法填空 【答案】 1. which 2. making 3. have sent 4. Encouraged 5. which 6. a 7. which 8. completely 9. to 10. that 六、完形填空 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了印度农民Bodosa的茶园是许多大象的栖息地，他们通过这种方式来保护大象。 【详解】1.B　根据下文“The Asian elephants has been listed as a(n) ________ species”可知，此处应表示他起床后看到农场里有几头野象。 2.C　根据下文中的However 转折以及“it meant everything was working”可推知，此处应表示看到这样的动物出现在农场是令人担忧的。 3.A　根据上文提到的“看到这样的动物出现在农场是令人担忧的”，以及该句中的However可推知，此处应表示这意味着一切都像往常一样。 4.D　根据下文“and their population has ________ by half in the past decades for various reasons”以及下文提到的保护大象的内容可知，此处应表示亚洲象已被国际自然保护联盟列为濒危物种。 5.A　根据下文“by half in the past decades for various reasons”可推知，此处应表示在过去的几十年里，由于各种原因，亚洲象的数量减少了一半。 6.B　根据下文“which elephants regard as parts of their forest habitats and their migratory routes over centuries(大象将这里视为森林栖息地和迁徙路线的一部分)”可推知，此处应表示一条路线与广阔的茶园相连。 7.C　根据句意以及下文“between humans and wild elephants often end up”可知，此处应表示人类与野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。 8.B　根据上文“Sadly”以及下文提到的保护大象的内容可知，此处应表示人类与野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。 9.D　根据下文“To create an elephant-friendly area for elephants, Bodosa planted organic grass, fruits and tea.”可推知，此处应表示有一种方法让我们和谐地生活。 10.A　根据下文“by making sure there were no fences or other ________ to restrict wild elephants' movement”可知，此处应表示为它们提供了方便的通道。 11.D　根据上文“there were no fences”以及下文“to restrict wild elephants' movement”可知，此处应表示确保没有栅栏或其他障碍来限制野生大象的活动。 12.C　根据下文“Many human visitors followed, too, and some even volunteered here.”可推知，此处应表示他的茶园吸引了其他动物的参观。 13.D　根据下文“the world's first elephant-friendly tea farm”可知，此处应表示Bodosa的茶场被誉为“世界上第一个对大象友好的茶场”。be credited as“被认可为”。 14.B　根据下文“the lives of both wild elephants and humans”可知，此处应表示努力保护野生大象和人类的生命。 15.A　根据上文“have an economical”以及下文“impact on Assam”可知，此处应表示对阿萨姆邦产生了经济和生态影响。 七、阅读理解 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍科学家研究白蚁丘独特的内部构造，受此启发探索低能耗的建筑通风制冷新模式。 【详解】1．段落主旨题。第一段（含 IEA 数据）讲：传统空调消耗全球建筑用电约 20%，且多来自化石燃料，"our comfort is coming at too high a cost"——即传统制冷方式不可持续，选 D。A 只讲"用电低效"太窄；B 只讲"依赖化石燃料"，是论据而非现象整体；C 讲"气候变暖影响扩大"，首段只提了一句温度上升作引子，并非该段描述的核心现象。 2．细节题。紧接着 "engineering wonders in nature" 的下一句就是解释："Even in hot and dry environments, termite mounds can remain relatively cool inside, with air circulating through their internal structures without any external power source."——无需外部电源，在炎热干燥环境下内部仍较凉爽、空气自动循环。这才是被称为"工程奇迹"的原因，选 A。B 虽提到 tiny insects，但不是"奇迹"的核心；C 与"without any external power source"相反；D 的 renewable materials 无依据。 3．目的题。第五段：团队做了两组模型——一组按白蚁丘内"狭窄、相互连接的分支通道"3D 打印，另一组做"等长的直通道"。实验结果是分支网络中气流阻力显著更小，"This suggested that it was the complex structure, rather than the total channel length, that improved airflow."——即直通道模型是对照组，用来验证"是通道结构（而非长度）影响气流"，选 D。A"测量风速"、B"降低阻力"都不是目的；C 太笼统。 4．词义句意题。全文核心发现是：白蚁丘靠自身复杂的通道结构让空气自然流通，无需外部电源；研究者希望未来建筑墙体也采用这种结构，只靠极少电力控制气流。"breathe like living organisms" 对应"靠内置结构自动呼吸/循环"，而非靠风扇、电机、电子控制，选 C。A 的"充足能量"、B 的"电子控制"、D 的"节能机器"都与原文"像生物一样、不靠机器"的比喻相悖。 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $分层作业 Unit 6 Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 1、 将下列单词短语翻译为英文。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 轻轻一按按钮 ____________________ 2. 环境问题 ____________________ 3. 可再生能源 ____________________ 4. 在现实生活中 ____________________ 5. 努力做某事 ____________________ 6. 无人航天器 ____________________ 7. 寻找资源 ____________________ 8. 在接下来的 25 年内 ____________________ 9. 太阳辐射 ____________________ 10. 各种各样的植物 ____________________ 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 1. at the push of a button 2. environmental problems 3. renewable energy 4. in real life 5. make efforts to do 6. unmanned spacecraft 7. search for resources 8. within the next 25 years 9. solar radiation 10. a variety of plants 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The ______ (核的；核武器的) missiles could wipe out all life on the planet. 2. The environment on Mars is ______ (恶劣的；不利的) for human beings. 3. They sent an ______ (无人驾驶的) spacecraft to explore Mars. 4. The pictures taken by the robot are ______ (极好的；惊人的). 5. It is ______ (极其可怕的) to imagine the planet being destroyed. 6. The satellite will ______ (环绕…… 运行) the red planet for months. 7. ______ (先进的) technology helps humans explore outer space. 8. Radiation in space is a ______ (日常的) danger for space travellers. 9. Scientists are testing the ______ (土壤) on Mars for signs of water. 10. The ______ (定居；定居点) on Mars will take many years to achieve. 【答案】 1. nuclear 2. hostile 3. unmanned 4. stunning 5. terrifying 6. orbit 7. advanced 8. daily 9. soil 10. settlement 三、用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 consist of, have an effect on, be exposed to, in the meantime, lose contact with 1. Whoever ________ the disease is likely to be infected with it. 2. As we all know, the teacher selection ________ written examination and interview. 3. ________, I can tell you what's happening right now. 4. There is no doubt that the attitude of the leader can ________ the members of his team. 5. After the outbreak of the earthquake, he ________ his family, making him feel worried. 【答案】 1. is exposed to 2. consists of 3. In the meantime 4. have an effect on 5. lost contact with 四、补全句子 1. 暴露在核辐射下的人很有可能会生病。 People who ________ ________ ________ nuclear radiation are likely to fall ill. 2. 这个研究项目由三个部分组成。 The research project ________ ________ three parts. 3. 在此期间，我们继续搜寻火星上生命的痕迹。 ________ ________ ________, we keep searching for signs of life on Mars. 4. 毫无疑问，太空探索会对人类的未来产生巨大影响。 There is no doubt that space exploration can ________ ________ ________ ________ the future of mankind. 5. 地震之后，他和救援队失去了联系。 After the earthquake, he ________ ________ ________ the rescue team. 6. 是先进的科技帮助人类探索遥远的星球。（强调句） ________ ________ the advanced technology ________ helps humans explore distant planets. 7. 科学家们正在努力寻找办法来消灭这种可怕的病毒。 Scientists are making efforts to find ways to ________ ________ this terrifying virus. 8. 我很荣幸代表我们学校在这里发表演讲。 I’m delighted to deliver a speech here ________ ________ ________ our school. 【答案】 1. are exposed to 2. consists of 3. In the meantime 4. have a great effect on 5. lost contact with 6. It is; that 7. wipe out 8. on behalf of 五、语法填空 Mars, ___ 1 ___ is relatively close to Earth, has long fascinated human beings. It has an environment less hostile than that of other planets, ___ 2 ___ (make) it the most likely choice if we want to explore other planets for human settlement. Since the 1960s, we ___ 3 ___ (send) unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. ___ 4 ___ (encourage) by these discoveries, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars, ___ 5 ___ could take place within the next 25 years. However, settling on Mars is full of challenges. Travelling there will take months through dangerous solar radiation. Even if the first settlers reach Mars safely, staying alive will be ___ 6 ___ daily challenge. Biosphere 2, a closed space in ___ 7 ___ people, animals and plants lived together, proved that living on another planet was not impossible, although the two-year experiment was not ___ 8 ___ (complete) a success. Now scientists have succeeded in growing plants in an environment similar ___ 9 ___ that on Mars. There is no doubt ___ 10 ___ exploring Mars is a big step forward for humankind. 【答案】 1. which 2. making 3. have sent 4. Encouraged 5. which 6. a 7. which 8. completely 9. to 10. that 六、完形填空 Tenzing Bodosa was awoken at midnight by a sound outside.He got up and saw several wild __1__ in his farm.For many farmers, seeing such animals appear in the farm is __2__.However, for Bodosa, who ran a large tea farm in the state of Assam, India, it meant everything was working __3__. The Asian elephants has been listed as a(n)__4__ species by International Union for Conservation of Nature and their population has __5__ by half in the past decades for various reasons.One is __6__ to the vast tea farms, which elephants regard as parts of their forest habitats and their migratory routes over centuries. “Sadly, in India，__7__ between humans and wild elephants often end up __8__，” said Bodosa.“I decided that there must be a way for us to live __9__.” Then Bodosa began a natural tea farm in 2007. To create an elephant-friendly area for elephants, Bodosa planted organic grass, fruits and tea.He also provided them with easy__10__ by making sure there were no fences or other __11__ to restrict wild elephants' movement. Gradually, his tea farm__12__ other animals' visiting.Many human visitors followed, too, and some even volunteered here.Bodosa's tea farm was __13__ as “the world's first elephant-friendly tea farm”．He has also trained many farmers in organic farming.“We have to work hard to __14__ the lives of both wild elephants and humans,” Bodosa said.The tea from such farms does have an economical and __15__ impact on Assam. 1．A.strains　　　　　　 B．elephants C．fields 　 D．plants 2．A.entertaining 　 B．satisfying C．alarming 　 D．embarrassing 3．A.as usual 　 B．by contrast C．after all 　 D．in advance 4．A.primitive 　 B．representative C．privileged 　 D．endangered 5．A.dropped 　 B．risen C．doubled 　 D．changed 6．A.adapted 　 B．connected C．compared 　 D．exposed 7．A.ranges 　 B．differences C．encounters 　 D．adventures 8．A.awkward 　 B．tragic C．humorous 　 D．controversial 9．A.publicly 　 B．privately C．significantly 　 D．harmoniously 10．A.passages 　 B．solutions C．assignments 　 D．calculations 11．A.criteria 　 B．associations C．regulations 　 D．barriers 12．A.lived off 　 B．resulted from C．appealed to 　 D．turned down 13．A.misread 　 B．diagnosed C．imagined 　 D．credited 14．A.extend 　 B．secure C．involve 　 D．threaten 15．A.ecological 　 B．religious C．cultural 　 D．negative 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了印度农民Bodosa的茶园是许多大象的栖息地，他们通过这种方式来保护大象。 【详解】1.B　根据下文“The Asian elephants has been listed as a(n) ________ species”可知，此处应表示他起床后看到农场里有几头野象。 2.C　根据下文中的However 转折以及“it meant everything was working”可推知，此处应表示看到这样的动物出现在农场是令人担忧的。 3.A　根据上文提到的“看到这样的动物出现在农场是令人担忧的”，以及该句中的However可推知，此处应表示这意味着一切都像往常一样。 4.D　根据下文“and their population has ________ by half in the past decades for various reasons”以及下文提到的保护大象的内容可知，此处应表示亚洲象已被国际自然保护联盟列为濒危物种。 5.A　根据下文“by half in the past decades for various reasons”可推知，此处应表示在过去的几十年里，由于各种原因，亚洲象的数量减少了一半。 6.B　根据下文“which elephants regard as parts of their forest habitats and their migratory routes over centuries(大象将这里视为森林栖息地和迁徙路线的一部分)”可推知，此处应表示一条路线与广阔的茶园相连。 7.C　根据句意以及下文“between humans and wild elephants often end up”可知，此处应表示人类与野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。 8.B　根据上文“Sadly”以及下文提到的保护大象的内容可知，此处应表示人类与野生大象的相遇往往以悲剧告终。 9.D　根据下文“To create an elephant-friendly area for elephants, Bodosa planted organic grass, fruits and tea.”可推知，此处应表示有一种方法让我们和谐地生活。 10.A　根据下文“by making sure there were no fences or other ________ to restrict wild elephants' movement”可知，此处应表示为它们提供了方便的通道。 11.D　根据上文“there were no fences”以及下文“to restrict wild elephants' movement”可知，此处应表示确保没有栅栏或其他障碍来限制野生大象的活动。 12.C　根据下文“Many human visitors followed, too, and some even volunteered here.”可推知，此处应表示他的茶园吸引了其他动物的参观。 13.D　根据下文“the world's first elephant-friendly tea farm”可知，此处应表示Bodosa的茶场被誉为“世界上第一个对大象友好的茶场”。be credited as“被认可为”。 14.B　根据下文“the lives of both wild elephants and humans”可知，此处应表示努力保护野生大象和人类的生命。 15.A　根据上文“have an economical”以及下文“impact on Assam”可知，此处应表示对阿萨姆邦产生了经济和生态影响。 七、阅读理解 As global temperatures continue to rise, the demand for air conditioning is growing rapidly. According to the International Energy Agency, traditional air conditioning uses about 20% of all electricity consumed by buildings worldwide, and most of this energy comes from fossil fuels. Clearly, our comfort is coming at too high a cost. Interestingly, the solution might come from an unexpected source: termite mounds (白蚁丘). These structures, built by tiny insects using mud and plant fibers, are considered engineering wonders in nature. Even in hot and dry environments, termite mounds can remain relatively cool inside, with air circulating (循环) through their internal structures without any external power source. But how do they achieve this? Scientists have long been puzzled by this question. To investigate, researchers David Andréen and Rupert Soar carried out a study. They proposed that slight changes in the airflow above the mound create uneven air movements inside it. These air movements, they believed, help drive air through the network and contribute to maintaining a suitable internal environment. The team built simple 3D-printed models based on the narrow, interconnected channel networks found inside termite mounds. They also built a second set of models with straight channels of the same length. When the researchers applied gentle air movements to one end, air flowed through the branching network with significantly less resistance than through the straight channels, just as they had predicted. This suggested that it was the complex structure, rather than the total channel length, that improved airflow. By making air movement more efficient, the structure helps termite mounds regulate their internal conditions and remain comfortable living spaces even in extreme environments. According to the researchers, this structure could be incorporated into building walls in the future. Unlike traditional air conditioning, which relies on fans and consumes large amounts of energy, this system would require only tiny amounts of power to control airflow. “This might be groundbreaking,” said Andréen. “For the first time, we may be able to design buildings that breathe like living organisms rather than function like machines. The potential is enormous if we continue to explore what nature has to offer.” 1. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. The inefficient use of electricity. B. The heavy dependence on fossil fuels. C. The growing impact of climate change. D. The unsustainability of traditional cooling. 2. Why are termite mounds described as “engineering wonders”? A. They can stay naturally cool. B. They are built by tiny insects. C. They have power sources inside. D. They are made of renewable materials. 3. Why did the team build straight-channel models? A. To measure the speed of airflow. B. To reduce the resistance of channels. C. To observe how air traveled through channels. D. To test whether the structure influenced airflow. 4. What does the underlined phrase “breathe like living organisms” in the last paragraph mean? A. Function effectively with sufficient energy. B. Provide fresh air through electronic controls. C. Circulate automatically by built-in structures. D. Adjust airflow by energy-efficient machines. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍科学家研究白蚁丘独特的内部构造，受此启发探索低能耗的建筑通风制冷新模式。 【详解】1．段落主旨题。第一段（含 IEA 数据）讲：传统空调消耗全球建筑用电约 20%，且多来自化石燃料，"our comfort is coming at too high a cost"——即传统制冷方式不可持续，选 D。A 只讲"用电低效"太窄；B 只讲"依赖化石燃料"，是论据而非现象整体；C 讲"气候变暖影响扩大"，首段只提了一句温度上升作引子，并非该段描述的核心现象。 2．细节题。紧接着 "engineering wonders in nature" 的下一句就是解释："Even in hot and dry environments, termite mounds can remain relatively cool inside, with air circulating through their internal structures without any external power source."——无需外部电源，在炎热干燥环境下内部仍较凉爽、空气自动循环。这才是被称为"工程奇迹"的原因，选 A。B 虽提到 tiny insects，但不是"奇迹"的核心；C 与"without any external power source"相反；D 的 renewable materials 无依据。 3．目的题。第五段：团队做了两组模型——一组按白蚁丘内"狭窄、相互连接的分支通道"3D 打印，另一组做"等长的直通道"。实验结果是分支网络中气流阻力显著更小，"This suggested that it was the complex structure, rather than the total channel length, that improved airflow."——即直通道模型是对照组，用来验证"是通道结构（而非长度）影响气流"，选 D。A"测量风速"、B"降低阻力"都不是目的；C 太笼统。 4．词义句意题。全文核心发现是：白蚁丘靠自身复杂的通道结构让空气自然流通，无需外部电源；研究者希望未来建筑墙体也采用这种结构，只靠极少电力控制气流。"breathe like living organisms" 对应"靠内置结构自动呼吸/循环"，而非靠风扇、电机、电子控制，选 C。A 的"充足能量"、B 的"电子控制"、D 的"节能机器"都与原文"像生物一样、不靠机器"的比喻相悖。 $