学考专题06 名词性从句：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，广东专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题06 名词性从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 宾语从句 考点二 主语从句与表语从句 考点三 同位语从句 考点四 语序·时态·易错警示 研|核心专题精讲 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在"语言知识"部分要求学生"掌握引导词的基本用法，在语境中理解和表达具体信息"，名词性从句正是实现"表达观点、转述信息、说明内容"的核心句法工具。 广东学考对名词性从句的考查呈"语篇为主、设空为辅"的格局：语法填空中直接设空较少（近七年仅 2～3 空），但阅读理解、完形填空的语篇中名词性从句高频出现，书面表达的参考范文也把名词性从句列为"高分句型"。因此本专题采用"读懂从句结构 + 攻克设空规律"双线并进的策略。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 从句类型 课标与学考要求 学考典型考查方式 宾语从句 掌握连接词 that / if / whether / what / how 等的选用；从句用陈述语序；注意时态呼应 语法填空设空（if/whether、what、how）；语篇理解；写作转述 主语从句 掌握 that / what 引导的主语从句及 it 作形式主语的句型 语篇长难句理解；写作高分句型 表语从句 掌握 The fact / The reason is that... 结构 语篇理解；写作说明因果 同位语从句 掌握 fact / news / idea / truth 等抽象名词后的 that 从句，并能与定语从句区分 语篇理解；语法填空设空（that） 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 下表统计近三年（2024—2026）广东合格考英语卷中本专题的直接设空点与语篇从句群，并附2022、2020两年作为参照，以便看清命题走势。 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 小计 2025年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第45空 determine 后宾语从句，"是否"用 if/whether 2处 Ⅲ 完形填空 第27空相关句 What did ___ me was that...（what 主语从句 + that 表语从句） 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 第二节语篇 based on what you take in / Research has shown that...（语篇从句群） 语篇 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 A篇语篇 I knew that I could do it / One study shows that...（宾语从句群） 语篇 2023年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B篇语篇 shows which parts... / see how global warming influences...（连接词群） 语篇 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B/C篇语篇 show that / require that / the understanding that（宾语从句+同位语从句） 语篇 2020年1月 广东学考 Ⅴ 书面表达 参考范文 I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad...（高分句型） 写作 说明：名词性从句在广东卷中很少像定语从句那样年年直接设空，考查重心在"语篇中的从句识别"。上表"语篇"指该年阅读／完形语篇中出现可命题级从句结构；直接设空以 2025 年第 45 空（if/whether）为代表。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：宾语从句是绝对主力。广东卷所有直接设空与语篇从句中，宾语从句占比超过七成。设空集中在一类：转述动词（tell / ask / know / determine / wonder / show）后的从句缺"是否"或"什么"。记住三组对应——缺"是否"填 if/whether，缺"事物"填 what，缺"方式"填 how。 规律二：语篇从句群是阅读理解的隐形考点。近三年阅读语篇中，One study shows that... / Research has shown that... / It isn't only based on what you take in... 这类从句反复出现，且常与推理判断题的定位句重合。读不懂引导词，就看不清作者态度。 规律三：书面表达把名词性从句列为高分句型。2020 年范文把 "I must tell him that..."（that 宾语从句）标注为高分句型一；2025 年官方建议句型 "helping readers find what they needed"（what 宾语从句）。作文里用对一个从句，档次立刻不同。 规律四：陈述语序是高频失分点。凡"疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语"的语序错误，在语法填空与写作中都直接扣分。牢记口诀：从句一律陈述序，do/does/did 助动词不前移。 考点一　引导词总表与四类从句定位 一、核心概念 名词性从句（Noun Clause）指在句子中起名词作用的从句，可充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别构成主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 选择引导词的根本依据只有一句话：看从句内部缺什么成分。缺主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；缺状语，用连接副词；从句主谓宾完整、不缺任何成分，用只起连接作用的从属连词 that / whether / if。 二、引导词三分类总表 类别 成员 在从句中充当的成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 作主语、宾语、表语或定语；what 意为"……的东西／事情" 连接副词 when, where, why, how 作时间、地点、原因、方式状语 从属连词 that, whether, if that 不作任何成分、无词义（宾语从句中可省）；whether/if 意为"是否" 判断口诀 —— 缺"什么/谁"用代词，缺"何时/何地/为何/如何"用副词，什么都不缺用 that 三、四类从句位置判断法 从句类型 位置判断法 双语例句 主语从句 位于句首谓语之前，或由 it 占位、从句后置 What he said surprised everyone. 他说的话让所有人大吃一惊。 宾语从句 位于及物动词或介词之后 I believe (that) honesty is the best policy. 我相信诚实为上策。 表语从句 位于系动词 be / seem / remain 之后 The problem is who can replace him. 问题是谁能替代他。 同位语从句 位于 fact / news / idea / truth 等抽象名词之后，解释其内容 The news that our team won is encouraging. 我们队获胜的消息令人鼓舞。 考点二　宾语从句 一、核心概念与三条铁律 宾语从句是广东学考考查最密集的名词性从句：语法填空的直接设空（2025 年第 45 空）、阅读语篇的从句群、书面表达的转述句，几乎全部落在宾语从句上。 三条铁律：① 从句一律用陈述语序；② 主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外）；③ 介词之后、与 or not 直接连用、后接不定式时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。 二、只能用 whether 的六种情况 序号 只能用 whether 的六种情况 例句 ① 引导主语从句且位于句首 Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营取决于天气。 ② 引导表语从句、同位语从句 My doubt is whether we can finish it. 我怀疑我们能否完成。 ③ 位于介词之后 We are talking about whether we should hold the meeting. 我们在讨论是否该开会。 ④ 后面直接跟 or not I don't know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他来不来。 ⑤ 后接不定式 to do We wondered whether to stay or leave. 我们不知道该留还是走。 ⑥ 与 discuss 等动词连用 They discussed whether they should change the plan. 他们讨论了是否该改计划。 考点三　主语从句与表语从句 一、核心概念 主语从句直接放在句首会"头重脚轻"，英语习惯用 it 作形式主语，把真正的从句放到句子后部。这一句型同时是书面表达的高档句式。 表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语"是什么"。两条硬规则：that 引导表语从句不可省略；主语是 reason 时，表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because。 二、it 形式主语与 reason 高分句型 句型 结构 双语例句 It is + 形容词 + that... it 作形式主语 It is necessary that we should learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很有必要。 It is said / reported that... 固定搭配 It is reported that the new museum will open next month. 据报道新博物馆下月开放。 It makes no difference... it 作形式主语 It makes no difference whether you come or not. 你来不来没有区别。 The reason is that... reason 后用 that The reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是没赶上早班车。 考点四　同位语从句与易错警示 一、核心概念 同位语从句跟在 fact, news, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, evidence, truth, possibility, idea 等抽象名词之后，说明这些名词的具体内容。that 在从句中不充当任何成分、不可省略。 与定语从句的根本区别：看 that 是否在从句中充当成分。从句完整 → 同位语从句；从句缺主语或宾语 → 定语从句。 另外，表示"建议、要求、命令"的词（suggest / order / demand 等）后的名词性从句用虚拟语气"（should +）动词原形"；但 suggest 作"表明"、insist 作"坚持认为"时用陈述语气。 二、同位语从句与定语从句之辨 对比项 同位语从句 定语从句 that 的作用 只起连接作用，不作成分，不可省 充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省 从句完整性 从句主谓宾完整 从句缺主语或宾语 替换验证 that 不能换成 which that 可换成 which 例句 I have the impression that we have met before. 我感觉我们以前见过。 The impression (that) he left on me is deep. 他留给我的印象很深。 三、易错警示表 易错点 错误示例 正确表达 疑问语序 Can you tell me where is the station? Can you tell me where the station is? if / whether 误用 We are talking about if we should go. We are talking about whether we should go. reason 后用 because The reason is because he was ill. The reason is that he was ill. 主语从句缺 that He will come is unknown. That he will come is unknown. 时态不呼应 He said he will help me. He said he would help me. suggest 后误用虚拟 His pale face suggested that he (should) be ill. His pale face suggested that he was ill.（"表明"用陈述） 考点一：宾语从句 例1.(2025年1月广东合格考·语法填空) As you are completing your education and hands-on experience, you should be able to determine ________ becoming a journalist is the career path you want to take ahead of time. 例2.(2024届广东春季高考学业水平模拟卷) He was actually 94! I asked him ________ was the secret to his longevity (长寿). 例3.(2020年1月广东学考·书面表达参考范文高分句型) I must tell him ________ playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. 1. The anxious students didn't know ________ could be done to achieve his goal. A. whether B. that C. what D. who 2. — Mom, I'm really thankful for your hard work. I wonder ________. — My dear, seeing you grow well is all I want. A. if you give me so much care B. what do you worry about most C. why do you do so much for me D. how you always spare time for me 3. Peter was fired again. He really didn't know ________. A. what did go wrong B. what went wrong C. which did go wrong D. which went wrong 4. —Could you tell me ________ the Sihong Wetland Park? —Sure. Take the No. 101 bus and it will take you right there. A. how can I get to B. how I can get to C. when can I get to D. when I can get to 5. —What did the assistant say to you? —She asked me ________. A. where did I see the style B. what else I will buy C. when does the shop close D. if I liked that orange dress 考点二：主语从句与表语从句 例4.(2025年1月广东合格考·完形填空第27空语篇句（改编）) ________ did ________ me was that he started to eat my chocolate! 例5.(2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇（气候地图）语篇句（改编）) A new interactive map shows ________ parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change, and it also allows users to see ________ global warming influences temperature and rainfall. 1. It makes no difference ________ tomorrow. A. whether will you come B. whether you are going to come or not C. if will you come D. if you came 2. ________ was the architecture design of Tianjin Binhai New Area Cultural Center Library. A. What made her interesting most B. What she was interested most C. What was most interested to her D. What interested her most 3. My doubt is ________ we can finish the task in such a short time. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 4. ________ makes the China International Import Expo special is ________ it's the first of its kind in the world that is dedicated to import promotion. A. Which, what B. What, that C. That, what D. What, whether 5. The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted. A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get 考点三：同位语从句 例6.(2022年1月广东合格考·阅读理解语篇句（改编）) It is this survival that the reader looks for — the understanding ________ the winter is not so long after all. 例7.(2012年上海卷改编) Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 1. There is some doubt ________ he can pass the mid-term examination. A. whether B. that C. what D. if 2. There is some doubt ________ my full engagement ________ the project can make a difference. A. whether; to B. that; to C. that; in D. whether; in 3. There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 4. I have the impression ________ we have met somewhere before. A. what B. which C. that D. when 考点四：语序·时态·易错突破 例8.(2022年1月广东合格考·完形填空语篇句（改编）) Tiger, probably, didn't know ________ it was, but he knew ________ it would make me happy. 例9.(2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解语篇句（改编）) My boss once asked me to give a speech to a large group of people. I had never done public speaking before, but I knew ________ I could do it. 1. The professor explained that light ________ faster than sound. A. travelled B. travels C. had travelled D. would travel 2. Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A. whether is there going to be B. whether there is going to have C. if there was going to be D. if there is going to be 3. The teacher said that the moon ________ around the earth. A. moves B. moved C. would move D. will move 4. Mr. Li asked us, "Where are you going?" Mr. Li asked us ________ we ________ going. A. where; are B. that; are C. if; were D. where; were 5. He always does ________ he thinks he should. A. whether B. which C. what D. how 一、单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. My experience tells me that it's not ________ you are given but ________ you make use of it that determines who you are. A. which; that B. what; how C. that; how D. what; that 2. Many analysts suspect that ________ the social-media giant has done behind the screen represents merely a preliminary trial. A. whether B. what C. why D. that 3. The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A. which; what B. that; what C. what; when D. that; when 4. The main reason why rare birds are dying out is that ________ used to be their natural habitat has been polluted. A. where B. that C. what D. which 5. The reason ________ he was late was ________ he got up late. A. why, why B. why, because C. why, that D. why, as 6. He didn't know which room ________. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 7. The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A. why B. what C. which D. where 8. —Susan is out. I wonder how long ago ________. —About an hour ago, I think. A. did she go B. she has left C. she leaves D. she left 9. The Youth Ceremony was held successfully. Could you tell me ________? A. who will be the host of it B. which hall was it held in C. whose show made you the most excited D. that you were encouraged by the speech 10. The examples above clearly show ________ people cannot do without commas in writing, and the rules also require ________ you wait a moment before continuing. A. that; that B. what; that C. that; what D. what; what 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 2. It remains to be seen ________ he will support the plan. 3. As a high school graduate, I am wondering ________ to do in the coming vacation. 4. The reason for the failure is ________ we lacked enough experience. 5. We are discussing ________ we will hold the sports meeting next week. 6. The map also shows ________ over the next 50 years parts of Wales and northeast England will see big changes to their climate. 7. I couldn't be sure ________ the letter had even got to Mother. 8. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about ________ you can achieve within the time-frame you've planned. 9. Very early in life, we learn ________ anger is something that must be controlled. 10. But then you read and you realize ________ you are not alone — if someone else has gone through it and survived, then maybe you can, too. 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项；阅读C为七选五（5选5），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A Do you know why different animals or insects (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors are used mainly for protecting themselves. Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but they cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But when the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人). This is because they have the colors much like the trees. A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid is around, its enemies can't find it. And it runs away at once. So it has lived for millions of years though it is not strong at all. 6. Why do different animals or insects have their special colors? A. Because they want to protect themselves. B. Because they want to attract enemies. C. Because they like changing colors. D. Because they like different colors. 7. When crops are green, locusts look ________. A. red B. brown C. green D. black 8. What do insects with different colors from plants do to protect themselves? A. They appear in the day and hide at night. B. They hide in the day and appear at night. C. They hide themselves day and night. D. They move quietly. 9. Why has the fish lived for millions of years? A. Because it is strong. B. Because it has the same color as the sea. C. Because it can change its color when in danger. D. Because it can send out a kind of liquid and run away when in danger. 10. What can we learn from the passage? A. Some birds can easily catch locusts. B. When the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color. C. Bears and lions can be easily seen by hunters. D. All the animals use colors to attack others. B In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity (繁荣). Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary player, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: "I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition. 11. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Opinions about competition are different among people. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 12. Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A. It pushes society forward. B. It builds up a sense of duty. C. It improves personal abilities. D. It encourages individual efforts. 13. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. those who try their best to win B. those who value competition most highly C. those who are against competition most strongly D. those who rely on others most for success 14. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"? A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'. B. One's success in competition needs great efforts. C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills. D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried. 15. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Every effort should be paid back. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition. C Have you ever set a goal for yourself, like getting fit, making honor roll, or being picked for a team? Like lots of people, maybe you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and had trouble getting motivated again. 16 It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude. Here's what you need to do: First, know your goal. Start by writing down your major goal. For example, "I want to make honor roll", or "I want to get fit enough to make the cross-country team," or even, "I want to play in the Olympics" are all major goals because they're the final thing the goal setter wants to see happen. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there. 17 That's how people get things done. Make it specific. It's easier to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one. 18 That's pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when. This helps you make a plan to reach your goal. 19 People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the time-frame you've planned. Competing on the Olympic ski team is a workable goal if you are 15 and already a star skier. But if you're 18 and only just taking your first lesson, time isn't exactly on your side. Break it down. Making any change takes self-discipline. You need to pay constant attention so you don't get sidetracked. 20 For example, let's say you want to run a marathon. If it's February and the marathon is in August, that's a realistic time-frame to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up gradually to the distance you need. 【选项】 A. Make it realistic. B. It's OK to dream big. C. One way to make this easier is to break a big goal into small steps. D. Let's say your goal is to get fit. E. So how do you stay motivated and on track with your goal? 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 （2021年1月广东学考）Once there was a small boy named Bob. He came from a __21__ family, struggling with life every day. One day, he was crossing the forest carrying some __22__. He saw an old man who was very __23__. Bob wanted to give the old man some food, but he did not have any. So he __24__ walking. A few minutes later, he saw a deer who was very thirsty. He was eager to __25__ him, but he did not have water. So he went on his way ahead. Then he saw a man who wanted to make a __26__ to keep warm, but he did not have wood. Bob __27__ some wood to him. In return, he gave Bob some food and water. Then Bob went back to help the old man and the deer, who were very __28__. One day Bob fell down from the __29__. He couldn't move because he was __30__, but no one was there to help him. __31__, the old man whom he had helped before saw him. He quickly came and pulled him up the hill. Bob had many __32__ on his legs. The deer whom Bob had helped saw them and __33__ to the forest and brought some herbs (草药). Soon Bob __34__. All of them were very __35__ that they could help each other. 21. A. cheerful B. traditional C. poor D. single 22. A. wood B. food C. water D. medicine 23. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sad D. angry 24. A. preferred B. stopped C. began D. kept 25. A. help B. leave C. cure D. hug 26. A. cage B. box C. fire D. flat 27. A. threw B. sold C. lent D. offered 28. A. helpful B. kind C. brave D. thankful 29. A. hill B. roof C. bed D. rope 30. A. annoyed B. injured C. tired D. frightened 31. A. Obviously B. Gradually C. Strangely D. Fortunately 32. A. insects B. leaves C. wounds D. hairs 33. A. climbed B. dropped C. flew D. hurried 34. A. recovered B. cried C. slept D. regretted 35. A. doubtful B. happy C. anxious D. curious 三、语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 AI: Transforming Our Daily Lives Artificial intelligence (AI) __32__ (become) an indispensable part of our daily lives in recent years. From voice assistants on our phones to smart home systems, AI is changing __33__ we live, work, and communicate. In the field of education, AI-powered learning platforms can provide personalized learning plans __34__ (base) on students' learning progress and habits. These platforms can also grade assignments automatically, __35__ (save) teachers a lot of time and energy. In healthcare, AI is used to analyze medical images, helping doctors detect diseases __36__ (early) and more accurately. AI robots can also assist in surgeries, __37__ (reduce) the risk of human error. However, AI also brings some challenges. For example, the use of AI may lead to job losses in some industries, and there are concerns about __38__ (person) data privacy. Therefore, it is important __39__ (develop) AI in a responsible and ethical way. As students, we should learn to use AI __40__ (wise) to improve our learning efficiency, while also being aware of its potential risks. We need to develop critical thinking skills to distinguish between reliable and unreliable AI-generated information, and use AI as a tool __41__ (help) us grow and achieve our goals. 四、书面表达（共1题） （2025年1月广东合格考·书面表达第46题）假定你是李华，上周六你去当地图书馆做志愿者，并把这件事情分享给你在英国的朋友 Peter，请写一封信给他。内容包括三点： 1. 工作时间：从早上 10 点到下午 3 点； 2. 工作内容：整理图书，给读者提供帮助； 3. 收获：有成就感。 注意： 1. 词数 90 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, Yours sincerely, Li Hua ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 名词性从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 考点一 宾语从句 考点二 主语从句与表语从句 考点三 同位语从句 考点四 语序·时态·易错警示 研|核心专题精讲 练|巩固提升训练 一、课标要求与命题定位 名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》在"语言知识"部分要求学生"掌握引导词的基本用法，在语境中理解和表达具体信息"，名词性从句正是实现"表达观点、转述信息、说明内容"的核心句法工具。 广东学考对名词性从句的考查呈"语篇为主、设空为辅"的格局：语法填空中直接设空较少（近七年仅 2～3 空），但阅读理解、完形填空的语篇中名词性从句高频出现，书面表达的参考范文也把名词性从句列为"高分句型"。因此本专题采用"读懂从句结构 + 攻克设空规律"双线并进的策略。 1.课标要求与本专题考点对应 从句类型 课标与学考要求 学考典型考查方式 宾语从句 掌握连接词 that / if / whether / what / how 等的选用；从句用陈述语序；注意时态呼应 语法填空设空（if/whether、what、how）；语篇理解；写作转述 主语从句 掌握 that / what 引导的主语从句及 it 作形式主语的句型 语篇长难句理解；写作高分句型 表语从句 掌握 The fact / The reason is that... 结构 语篇理解；写作说明因果 同位语从句 掌握 fact / news / idea / truth 等抽象名词后的 that 从句，并能与定语从句区分 语篇理解；语法填空设空（that） 2.近三年广东合格考考查分布 下表统计近三年（2024—2026）广东合格考英语卷中本专题的直接设空点与语篇从句群，并附2022、2020两年作为参照，以便看清命题走势。 年份·卷别 考查板块 题号 考查点 小计 2025年1月 广东合格考 Ⅳ 语法填空 第45空 determine 后宾语从句，"是否"用 if/whether 2处 Ⅲ 完形填空 第27空相关句 What did ___ me was that...（what 主语从句 + that 表语从句） 2026年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 第二节语篇 based on what you take in / Research has shown that...（语篇从句群） 语篇 2024年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 A篇语篇 I knew that I could do it / One study shows that...（宾语从句群） 语篇 2023年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B篇语篇 shows which parts... / see how global warming influences...（连接词群） 语篇 2022年1月 广东合格考 Ⅱ 阅读理解 B/C篇语篇 show that / require that / the understanding that（宾语从句+同位语从句） 语篇 2020年1月 广东学考 Ⅴ 书面表达 参考范文 I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad...（高分句型） 写作 说明：名词性从句在广东卷中很少像定语从句那样年年直接设空，考查重心在"语篇中的从句识别"。上表"语篇"指该年阅读／完形语篇中出现可命题级从句结构；直接设空以 2025 年第 45 空（if/whether）为代表。 3.命题规律与备考结论 规律一：宾语从句是绝对主力。广东卷所有直接设空与语篇从句中，宾语从句占比超过七成。设空集中在一类：转述动词（tell / ask / know / determine / wonder / show）后的从句缺"是否"或"什么"。记住三组对应——缺"是否"填 if/whether，缺"事物"填 what，缺"方式"填 how。 规律二：语篇从句群是阅读理解的隐形考点。近三年阅读语篇中，One study shows that... / Research has shown that... / It isn't only based on what you take in... 这类从句反复出现，且常与推理判断题的定位句重合。读不懂引导词，就看不清作者态度。 规律三：书面表达把名词性从句列为高分句型。2020 年范文把 "I must tell him that..."（that 宾语从句）标注为高分句型一；2025 年官方建议句型 "helping readers find what they needed"（what 宾语从句）。作文里用对一个从句，档次立刻不同。 规律四：陈述语序是高频失分点。凡"疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语"的语序错误，在语法填空与写作中都直接扣分。牢记口诀：从句一律陈述序，do/does/did 助动词不前移。 考点一　引导词总表与四类从句定位 一、核心概念 名词性从句（Noun Clause）指在句子中起名词作用的从句，可充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别构成主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 选择引导词的根本依据只有一句话：看从句内部缺什么成分。缺主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；缺状语，用连接副词；从句主谓宾完整、不缺任何成分，用只起连接作用的从属连词 that / whether / if。 二、引导词三分类总表 类别 成员 在从句中充当的成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 作主语、宾语、表语或定语；what 意为"……的东西／事情" 连接副词 when, where, why, how 作时间、地点、原因、方式状语 从属连词 that, whether, if that 不作任何成分、无词义（宾语从句中可省）；whether/if 意为"是否" 判断口诀 —— 缺"什么/谁"用代词，缺"何时/何地/为何/如何"用副词，什么都不缺用 that 三、四类从句位置判断法 从句类型 位置判断法 双语例句 主语从句 位于句首谓语之前，或由 it 占位、从句后置 What he said surprised everyone. 他说的话让所有人大吃一惊。 宾语从句 位于及物动词或介词之后 I believe (that) honesty is the best policy. 我相信诚实为上策。 表语从句 位于系动词 be / seem / remain 之后 The problem is who can replace him. 问题是谁能替代他。 同位语从句 位于 fact / news / idea / truth 等抽象名词之后，解释其内容 The news that our team won is encouraging. 我们队获胜的消息令人鼓舞。 考点二　宾语从句 一、核心概念与三条铁律 宾语从句是广东学考考查最密集的名词性从句：语法填空的直接设空（2025 年第 45 空）、阅读语篇的从句群、书面表达的转述句，几乎全部落在宾语从句上。 三条铁律：① 从句一律用陈述语序；② 主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外）；③ 介词之后、与 or not 直接连用、后接不定式时，只能用 whether，不能用 if。 二、只能用 whether 的六种情况 序号 只能用 whether 的六种情况 例句 ① 引导主语从句且位于句首 Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营取决于天气。 ② 引导表语从句、同位语从句 My doubt is whether we can finish it. 我怀疑我们能否完成。 ③ 位于介词之后 We are talking about whether we should hold the meeting. 我们在讨论是否该开会。 ④ 后面直接跟 or not I don't know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他来不来。 ⑤ 后接不定式 to do We wondered whether to stay or leave. 我们不知道该留还是走。 ⑥ 与 discuss 等动词连用 They discussed whether they should change the plan. 他们讨论了是否该改计划。 考点三　主语从句与表语从句 一、核心概念 主语从句直接放在句首会"头重脚轻"，英语习惯用 it 作形式主语，把真正的从句放到句子后部。这一句型同时是书面表达的高档句式。 表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语"是什么"。两条硬规则：that 引导表语从句不可省略；主语是 reason 时，表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because。 二、it 形式主语与 reason 高分句型 句型 结构 双语例句 It is + 形容词 + that... it 作形式主语 It is necessary that we should learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很有必要。 It is said / reported that... 固定搭配 It is reported that the new museum will open next month. 据报道新博物馆下月开放。 It makes no difference... it 作形式主语 It makes no difference whether you come or not. 你来不来没有区别。 The reason is that... reason 后用 that The reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是没赶上早班车。 考点四　同位语从句与易错警示 一、核心概念 同位语从句跟在 fact, news, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, evidence, truth, possibility, idea 等抽象名词之后，说明这些名词的具体内容。that 在从句中不充当任何成分、不可省略。 与定语从句的根本区别：看 that 是否在从句中充当成分。从句完整 → 同位语从句；从句缺主语或宾语 → 定语从句。 另外，表示"建议、要求、命令"的词（suggest / order / demand 等）后的名词性从句用虚拟语气"（should +）动词原形"；但 suggest 作"表明"、insist 作"坚持认为"时用陈述语气。 二、同位语从句与定语从句之辨 对比项 同位语从句 定语从句 that 的作用 只起连接作用，不作成分，不可省 充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省 从句完整性 从句主谓宾完整 从句缺主语或宾语 替换验证 that 不能换成 which that 可换成 which 例句 I have the impression that we have met before. 我感觉我们以前见过。 The impression (that) he left on me is deep. 他留给我的印象很深。 三、易错警示表 易错点 错误示例 正确表达 疑问语序 Can you tell me where is the station? Can you tell me where the station is? if / whether 误用 We are talking about if we should go. We are talking about whether we should go. reason 后用 because The reason is because he was ill. The reason is that he was ill. 主语从句缺 that He will come is unknown. That he will come is unknown. 时态不呼应 He said he will help me. He said he would help me. suggest 后误用虚拟 His pale face suggested that he (should) be ill. His pale face suggested that he was ill.（"表明"用陈述） 考点一：宾语从句 例1.(2025年1月广东合格考) As you are completing your education and hands-on experience, you should be able to determine ________ becoming a journalist is the career path you want to take ahead of time. 【答案】if/whether 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。determine（确定）后接宾语从句，从句"becoming a journalist is the career path..."结构完整，只缺"是否"的含义，故用 if/whether 引导。句意：你应该能提前确定成为记者是否是你想走的职业道路。原卷官方答案为 if/whether。 【点睛】转述动词（know / wonder / determine / ask）后的从句若表"是否"，缺介词、接 or not 或接不定式时只能用 whether。 例2.(2024届广东春季高考学业水平模拟卷) He was actually 94! I asked him ________ was the secret to his longevity (长寿). 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句连接代词。从句缺少主语，且表示"什么"，用连接代词 what 引导并在从句中作主语。句意：我问他长寿的秘诀是什么。模拟卷官方解析：宾语从句缺少连接词，连接词在从句中作主语，表示"什么"，用 what。 【点睛】从句缺主语且指事物 → what；缺主语且指人 → who。先看从句缺什么，再选词。 例3.(2020年1月广东学考) I must tell him ________ playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. 【答案】that 【详解】考查 that 引导的宾语从句。从句"playing computer games too much is bad..."主谓表完整，不缺任何成分，用只起连接作用的 that（ tell 后可省）。句意：我必须告诉他，玩太多电脑游戏有害健康。原卷解析版将此句标注为范文【高分句型一】："这句话使用 that 引导宾语从句"。 【点睛】从句完整用 that，这是写作中最好套的高分句型：tell / believe / show sb. + that 从句。 1. The anxious students didn't know ________ could be done to achieve his goal. A. whether B. that C. what D. who 【答案】C 【详解】从句中 do 缺宾语，指"什么事情"，用 what 引导并在从句中作主语。句意：焦急的学生们不知道能做些什么来实现目标。 2. — Mom, I'm really thankful for your hard work. I wonder ________. — My dear, seeing you grow well is all I want. A. if you give me so much care B. what do you worry about most C. why do you do so much for me D. how you always spare time for me 【答案】D 【详解】宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 B、C；结合答语"看到你健康成长就是我想要的全部"，问的是"如何总能抽出时间陪我"，用 how。句意见对话。 3. Peter was fired again. He really didn't know ________. A. what did go wrong B. what went wrong C. which did go wrong D. which went wrong 【答案】B 【详解】宾语从句用陈述语序；疑问词作从句主语时语序即为"疑问词 + 谓语"，不加助动词 did，排除 A、C；无选择范围用 what。句意：他真不知道哪里出了错。 4. —Could you tell me ________ the Sihong Wetland Park? —Sure. Take the No. 101 bus and it will take you right there. A. how can I get to B. how I can get to C. when can I get to D. when I can get to 【答案】B 【详解】宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 A、C；答语回答交通方式，用 how。句意见对话。 5. —What did the assistant say to you? —She asked me ________. A. where did I see the style B. what else I will buy C. when does the shop close D. if I liked that orange dress 【答案】D 【详解】宾语从句用陈述语序排除 A、C；主句 asked 是过去时，从句用过去的时态，排除 B。句意：她问我是否喜欢那件橙色连衣裙。 考点二：主语从句与表语从句 例4.(2025年1月广东合格考·完形填空第27空语篇句（改编）) ________ did ________ me was that he started to eat my chocolate! 【答案】What; surprise 【详解】考查 what 引导的主语从句 + that 引导的表语从句。原句为 "What did surprise me was that he started to eat my chocolate!"：前半句 what 作从句主语（did 加强语气），后半句 that 引导表语从句且不可省。句意：真正让我吃惊的是，他开始吃我的巧克力！本句改编自 2025 年完形填空第 27 空（surprise）所在语篇句。 【点睛】"What + 谓语 + ... is/was + that 从句"是广东卷语篇里的高分结构，一个句子同时覆盖主语从句和表语从句。 例5.(2023年1月广东合格考·阅读理解B篇（气候地图）语篇句（改编）) A new interactive map shows ________ parts of the world have been hit hardest by climate change, and it also allows users to see ________ global warming influences temperature and rainfall. 【答案】which; how 【详解】考查连接词辨析。第一空从句中 parts 前缺限定语、表示"哪些部分"，用 which；第二空从句主谓宾完整，只缺方式状语"如何"，用 how。句意：一张新的互动地图显示世界上哪些地区受气候变化打击最重，用户可以看到全球变暖如何影响气温和降雨。两句均取自 2023 年阅读 B 篇原文。 【点睛】which 表"（一定范围内的）哪个/哪些"，what 无范围限制——从句里有明确范围时优先 which。 1. It makes no difference ________ tomorrow. A. whether will you come B. whether you are going to come or not C. if will you come D. if you came 【答案】B 【详解】it 作形式主语，从句用陈述语序排除 A、C；whether 与 or not 直接连用只用 whether，排除 D。句意：你明天来不来没有区别。 2. ________ was the architecture design of Tianjin Binhai New Area Cultural Center Library. A. What made her interesting most B. What she was interested most C. What was most interested to her D. What interested her most 【答案】D 【详解】what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语；"使她最感兴趣"用 interest 的用法 What interested her most。A、B、C 三项结构错误。句意：最让她感兴趣的是天津滨海新区文化中心图书馆的建筑设计。 3. My doubt is ________ we can finish the task in such a short time. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 【答案】C 【详解】表语从句，主语 doubt（疑问）表不确定的事，需要"是否"含义，用 whether。句意：我的疑问是我们能否在这么短的时间内完成任务。 4. ________ makes the China International Import Expo special is ________ it's the first of its kind in the world that is dedicated to import promotion. A. Which, what B. What, that C. That, what D. What, whether 【答案】B 【详解】第一空主语从句缺主语、表示"……的事物"，用 what；第二空表语从句结构完整，用 that。句意：让进博会特别的是，它是世界上首个专门促进进口的展会。 5. The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted. A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get 【答案】C 【详解】表语从句用陈述语序排除 A；句意是"让谁代替Ted"，用连接代词 who。句意见题干。 考点三：同位语从句 例6.(2022年1月广东合格考·阅读理解语篇句（改编）) It is this survival that the reader looks for — the understanding ________ the winter is not so long after all. 【答案】that 【详解】考查 that 引导的同位语从句。抽象名词 understanding（理解）后的从句"the winter is not so long after all"主系表完整，不缺成分，that 只起连接作用、解释 understanding 的内容，不可省略、不可换 which。句意：读者寻找的正是这种幸存感——对"冬天其实没那么长"的理解。句子取自 2022 年阅读语篇原文。 【点睛】验证法：从句拎出来完整 → 同位语从句用 that；缺主/宾 → 定语从句。 例7.(2012年上海卷改编) Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 【答案】that 【详解】考查分隔式同位语从句。抽象名词 evidence（证据）与从句被 through years of study 隔开，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。句意：经过多年研究，已有证据表明儿童早期的睡眠问题很可能持续到成年。题库标注原题为 2012 年上海卷改编。 【点睛】evidence / doubt / possibility / news 等词后接完整从句，一律 that——不管隔多远。 1. There is some doubt ________ he can pass the mid-term examination. A. whether B. that C. what D. if 【答案】A 【详解】There is some doubt + whether 引导同位语从句是固定句型；doubt 表"疑问"，含"是否"。句意：他能否通过期中考试还存在疑问。 2. There is some doubt ________ my full engagement ________ the project can make a difference. A. whether; to B. that; to C. that; in D. whether; in 【答案】D 【详解】第一空引导同位语从句，从句结构完整但表"是否"，用 whether；第二空 engagement in sth. 为固定搭配"参与某事"。句意：我全身心投入这个项目能否起作用还有疑问。 3. There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 【答案】D 【详解】从句不缺成分、句意完整，是对 evidence 的解释说明，为同位语从句，用 that 引导。句意：没有证据表明会议确实召开过。 4. I have the impression ________ we have met somewhere before. A. what B. which C. that D. when 【答案】C 【详解】抽象名词 impression 后接同位语从句，从句主谓宾完整，用 that。句意：我感觉我们以前在哪儿见过。 考点四：语序·时态·易错突破 例8.(2022年1月广东合格考·完形填空语篇句（改编）) Tiger, probably, didn't know ________ it was, but he knew ________ it would make me happy. 【答案】what; that 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词对比。第一空从句中 was 后缺表语，表示"它是什么"，用 what；第二空从句"it would make me happy"结构完整，用 that。句意：（猫）Tiger 可能不知道那是什么，但它知道那会让我开心。句子取自 2022 年完形填空语篇原文。 【点睛】一句话里两个从句：缺成分 → what，完整 → that。这种"对比填空"是语法填空的经典命题手法。 例9.(2024年1月广东合格考·阅读理解语篇句改编) My boss once asked me to give a speech to a large group of people. I had never done public speaking before, but I knew ________ I could do it. 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词与时态呼应。主句 knew 是过去时，从句"could do"相应用过去时态，结构完整，用 that 连接。句意：我从未做过公开演讲，但我知道我能做到。句子取自 2024 年阅读 A 篇原文。 【点睛】主句过去时 → 从句过去的某一时态；从句完整 → that。两条规则一次看全。 1. The professor explained that light ________ faster than sound. A. travelled B. travels C. had travelled D. would travel 【答案】B 【详解】光速比声速快是客观真理，宾语从句中即使主句为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时；light 为第三人称单数，用 travels。 2. Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A. whether is there going to be B. whether there is going to have C. if there was going to be D. if there is going to be 【答案】D 【详解】从句用陈述语序排除 A；there be 句型不能与 have 连用排除 B；Could you tell me 是委婉语气不表过去，结合 next week 用一般将来时。句意见题干。 3. The teacher said that the moon ________ around the earth. A. moves B. moved C. would move D. will move 【答案】A 【详解】"月亮绕着地球转"是客观事实，从句用一般现在时；the moon 为第三人称单数，用 moves。 4. Mr. Li asked us, "Where are you going?" Mr. Li asked us ________ we ________ going. A. where; are B. that; are C. if; were D. where; were 【答案】D 【详解】直接引语为特殊疑问句，变间接引语用原疑问词 where，语序变陈述语序；主句过去时，从句用过去将来时 were going。 5. He always does ________ he thinks he should. A. whether B. which C. what D. how 【答案】C 【详解】从句中 should 后省略了动词 do，缺少宾语且无范围限制，用 what 并在从句中作宾语；he thinks 为插入语。句意：他总是做他认为自己应该做的事。 一、单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. My experience tells me that it's not ________ you are given but ________ you make use of it that determines who you are. A. which; that B. what; how C. that; how D. what; that 【答案】B 【详解】强调句型中被强调部分是两个并列主语从句：第一空 given 缺宾语用 what；第二空缺方式状语用 how。（选自题库第1题） 2. Many analysts suspect that ________ the social-media giant has done behind the screen represents merely a preliminary trial. A. whether B. what C. why D. that 【答案】B 【详解】主语从句中 done 缺宾语，表示"所做的一切"，用 what 引导。（选自题库第2题，保留第一空考点） 3. The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A. which; what B. that; what C. what; when D. that; when 【答案】D 【详解】第一空定语从句缺宾语用 that；第二空表语从句结构完整、表示"在……的时候"，用连接副词 when。（选自题库第12题） 4. The main reason why rare birds are dying out is that ________ used to be their natural habitat has been polluted. A. where B. that C. what D. which 【答案】C 【详解】表语从句内部缺主语、表示"……的地方"，what 可在从句中作主语；where 不能作主语。句意：珍稀鸟类灭绝的主要原因是它们的天然栖息地遭到了污染。（选自题库第14题） 5. The reason ________ he was late was ________ he got up late. A. why, why B. why, because C. why, that D. why, as 【答案】C 【详解】第一空 the reason 后是定语从句，缺原因状语用 why；第二空表语从句结构完整，用 that 不用 because。（选自题库第15题） 6. He didn't know which room ________. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 【答案】B 【详解】宾语从句用陈述语序排除 C、D；live 是不及物动词，which room 作 lived in 的宾语需保留介词 in。（选自题库第18题） 7. The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A. why B. what C. which D. where 【答案】A 【详解】宾语从句主谓宾完整，缺原因状语"为什么"，用 why。句意：这部纪录片通过真实案例向我们揭示为什么我们应该保护湿地生态系统。（选自题库第20题） 8. —Susan is out. I wonder how long ago ________. —About an hour ago, I think. A. did she go B. she has left C. she leaves D. she left 【答案】D 【详解】宾语从句用陈述语序排除 A；how long ago 与一般过去时连用。句意：我想知道她多久以前离开的。（选自题库第23题） 9. The Youth Ceremony was held successfully. Could you tell me ________? A. who will be the host of it B. which hall was it held in C. whose show made you the most excited D. that you were encouraged by the speech 【答案】C 【详解】宾语从句需陈述语序，B 项倒装排除；主句是一般现在时，从句按语境用过去时；D 项 that 引导陈述句与疑问语境不符；C 项 whose show 作主语、陈述语序、时态正确。（选自题库第29题） 10. The examples above clearly show ________ people cannot do without commas in writing, and the rules also require ________ you wait a moment before continuing. A. that; that B. what; that C. that; what D. what; what 【答案】A 【详解】两个从句主谓宾均完整，都用只起连接作用的 that（第二个 require 后不可省）。句子改编自 2022年1月广东合格考阅读理解B篇（逗号篇）语篇原句。 二、单句语法填空（共10题） 在下列各句的空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 【答案】What 【详解】主语从句缺主语，意为"……的事物"，用连接代词 What。（选自《学考专题》名词性从句题库三行规律区，原句出自2013年全国卷） 2. It remains to be seen ________ he will support the plan. 【答案】whether 【详解】it 为形式主语，真正主语在句末；主语从句表"是否"首选 whether。句意：他是否会支持这项计划还有待观察。（选自题库三行规律区） 3. As a high school graduate, I am wondering ________ to do in the coming vacation. 【答案】what 【详解】wonder 后接"疑问词 + 不定式"，do 缺宾语，用 what。句意：我想知道假期里做什么。（改编自题库第99条规律句） 4. The reason for the failure is ________ we lacked enough experience. 【答案】that 【详解】主语为 reason 时，表语从句引导词用 that 不用 because。句意：失败的原因是我们缺乏足够的经验。（选自题库三行规律区） 5. We are discussing ________ we will hold the sports meeting next week. 【答案】whether 【详解】discuss 之后只能用 whether，不能用 if。句意：我们在讨论下周是否举行运动会。（选自题库三行规律区） 6. The map also shows ________ over the next 50 years parts of Wales and northeast England will see big changes to their climate. 【答案】that 【详解】show 后的宾语从句结构完整，用 that 连接。句子取自 2023年1月广东合格考阅读理解B篇（气候地图）语篇原句。 7. I couldn't be sure ________ the letter had even got to Mother. 【答案】that/if 【详解】sure 后接宾语从句，表"是否"可用 if（that 则表确定推断，结合语境 I only knew that... 可知前句表不确定）。句子改编自 2020年1月广东学考阅读理解语篇原句。 8. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about ________ you can achieve within the time-frame you've planned. 【答案】what 【详解】介词 about 后接宾语从句，achieve 缺宾语，表示"能实现什么"，用 what。句子取自 2025年1月广东合格考阅读第二节（目标设定篇）语篇原句。 9. Very early in life, we learn ________ anger is something that must be controlled. 【答案】that 【详解】learn 后的宾语从句结构完整，用 that 连接。句子取自 2023年1月广东合格考阅读理解（anger 篇）语篇原句。 10. But then you read and you realize ________ you are not alone — if someone else has gone through it and survived, then maybe you can, too. 【答案】that 【详解】realize 后的宾语从句结构完整，用 that 连接。句子取自 2022年1月广东合格考阅读理解语篇原句。 一、阅读理解（共3篇15题） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项；阅读C为七选五（5选5），从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A Do you know why different animals or insects (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors are used mainly for protecting themselves. Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but they cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But when the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人). This is because they have the colors much like the trees. A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid is around, its enemies can't find it. And it runs away at once. So it has lived for millions of years though it is not strong at all. 6. Why do different animals or insects have their special colors? A. Because they want to protect themselves. B. Because they want to attract enemies. C. Because they like changing colors. D. Because they like different colors. 7. When crops are green, locusts look ________. A. red B. brown C. green D. black 8. What do insects with different colors from plants do to protect themselves? A. They appear in the day and hide at night. B. They hide in the day and appear at night. C. They hide themselves day and night. D. They move quietly. 9. Why has the fish lived for millions of years? A. Because it is strong. B. Because it has the same color as the sea. C. Because it can change its color when in danger. D. Because it can send out a kind of liquid and run away when in danger. 10. What can we learn from the passage? A. Some birds can easily catch locusts. B. When the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color. C. Bears and lions can be easily seen by hunters. D. All the animals use colors to attack others. 【答案】6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文，话题为"动物的保护色"。文章按"总起——蝗虫拟色——夜行昆虫——大型动物——海底鱼类"的并列结构展开，每段首句即主题句。语篇含 It is because... 原因表达与 why 引导的宾语从句（段首设问）。 6.【详解】 A 细节理解题。根据首段"Colors are used mainly for protecting themselves."可知动物的特殊颜色主要用于自我保护，故选A。 7. 【详解】C 细节理解题。根据第二段"When crops are green, locusts look green."可知庄稼绿时蝗虫也呈绿色，故选C。 8.【详解】 B 细节理解题。根据第三段"they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night"可知这类昆虫白天躲藏、夜间活动，故选B。 9. 【详解】D 细节理解题。根据末段"it can send out a kind of very black liquid... And it runs away at once. So it has lived for millions of years"可知它靠喷出黑色液体并逃跑而存活，故选D。 10.【详解】 B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句"locusts change to the same brown color as crops have"可知收获季节蝗虫变成与庄稼相同的棕色，故选B。 B In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity (繁荣). Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary player, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: "I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition. 11. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Opinions about competition are different among people. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 12. Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A. It pushes society forward. B. It builds up a sense of duty. C. It improves personal abilities. D. It encourages individual efforts. 13. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. those who try their best to win B. those who value competition most highly C. those who are against competition most strongly D. those who rely on others most for success 14. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"? A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'. B. One's success in competition needs great efforts. C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills. D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried. 15. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Every effort should be paid back. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，讨论人们对"竞争"的不同态度。第一段摆出赞成与反对两派，第二、三段剖析"渴望成功"与"渴望失败"两类人背后的共同心理——都把自我价值寄托在与他人的比较上。语篇大量使用 believing that... / the belief that... / the mistaken belief that... 等名词性从句，是训练"同位语从句 + 宾语从句"的最佳语篇。 11. 【详解】B 主旨大意题。全文围绕人们对竞争的不同态度展开：第一段直接给出两种对立观点，后文剖析两类人的心理，故选B。 12. 【详解】A 细节理解题。根据第一段"believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity"可知赞成者认为竞争推动了社会进步与繁荣，故选A。 13. 【详解】C 词义猜测题。根据第三段"they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters..."可知 the most vocal 指强烈指责竞争（反对最激烈）的人，故选C。 14.【详解】A 细节理解题。根据末段"Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others"可知两类人都认为自我价值取决于与他人的比较，故选A。 15.【详解】 D 推理判断题。根据末段"Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition"可知只有消除这种对失败的恐惧，才能发现竞争的新意义，故选D。 C Have you ever set a goal for yourself, like getting fit, making honor roll, or being picked for a team? Like lots of people, maybe you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and had trouble getting motivated again. 16 It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude. Here's what you need to do: First, know your goal. Start by writing down your major goal. For example, "I want to make honor roll", or "I want to get fit enough to make the cross-country team," or even, "I want to play in the Olympics" are all major goals because they're the final thing the goal setter wants to see happen. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there. 17 That's how people get things done. Make it specific. It's easier to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one. 18 That's pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when. This helps you make a plan to reach your goal. 19 People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the time-frame you've planned. Competing on the Olympic ski team is a workable goal if you are 15 and already a star skier. But if you're 18 and only just taking your first lesson, time isn't exactly on your side. Break it down. Making any change takes self-discipline. You need to pay constant attention so you don't get sidetracked. 20 For example, let's say you want to run a marathon. If it's February and the marathon is in August, that's a realistic time-frame to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up gradually to the distance you need. 【选项】 A. Make it realistic. B. It's OK to dream big. C. One way to make this easier is to break a big goal into small steps. D. Let's say your goal is to get fit. E. So how do you stay motivated and on track with your goal? 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，话题为"如何坚持目标"。文章采用"总——分"结构：首段提出问题，第二段点出三个要素，随后按"明确目标——具体化——切合实际——分步拆解"四步展开。空格均位于段首或段中，需根据上下文逻辑衔接选择。语篇中 defining what you want to achieve / being realistic about what you can achieve 是 what 宾语从句的典型用例。 16.【详解】 E 首段末句说"失去了动力、很难重新振作"，空后"It all comes down to good planning..."给出解决之道，此处需要一个承上启下的问句，E项"那么如何保持动力、不偏离目标呢？"衔接自然。 17. 【详解】B 空前说"目标越大，需要付出的努力越多"，空后"That's how people get things done."表示肯定，B项"梦想远大没有关系"符合语境。 18.【详解】 D 本段主题是"让目标具体化"，空后"That's pretty unclear."（那相当不明确）需要先出现一个模糊目标的例子，D项"假设你的目标是变健康"正是该例子。 19. 【详解】A 空后"People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable."（期望不合理导致放弃目标），本段主旨为"目标要切合实际"，A项概括段旨，适合作段首主题句。 20. 【详解】C 本段主题是"分步拆解"，空后以马拉松为例说明分步训练，C项"一个让它变容易的方法是把大目标拆成小步骤"承上启下，故选C。 二、完形填空（共15题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 （2021年1月广东学考）Once there was a small boy named Bob. He came from a __21__ family, struggling with life every day. One day, he was crossing the forest carrying some __22__. He saw an old man who was very __23__. Bob wanted to give the old man some food, but he did not have any. So he __24__ walking. A few minutes later, he saw a deer who was very thirsty. He was eager to __25__ him, but he did not have water. So he went on his way ahead. Then he saw a man who wanted to make a __26__ to keep warm, but he did not have wood. Bob __27__ some wood to him. In return, he gave Bob some food and water. Then Bob went back to help the old man and the deer, who were very __28__. One day Bob fell down from the __29__. He couldn't move because he was __30__, but no one was there to help him. __31__, the old man whom he had helped before saw him. He quickly came and pulled him up the hill. Bob had many __32__ on his legs. The deer whom Bob had helped saw them and __33__ to the forest and brought some herbs (草药). Soon Bob __34__. All of them were very __35__ that they could help each other. 21. A. cheerful B. traditional C. poor D. single 22. A. wood B. food C. water D. medicine 23. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sad D. angry 24. A. preferred B. stopped C. began D. kept 25. A. help B. leave C. cure D. hug 26. A. cage B. box C. fire D. flat 27. A. threw B. sold C. lent D. offered 28. A. helpful B. kind C. brave D. thankful 29. A. hill B. roof C. bed D. rope 30. A. annoyed B. injured C. tired D. frightened 31. A. Obviously B. Gradually C. Strangely D. Fortunately 32. A. insects B. leaves C. wounds D. hairs 33. A. climbed B. dropped C. flew D. hurried 34. A. recovered B. cried C. slept D. regretted 35. A. doubtful B. happy C. anxious D. curious 【答案】 21—25: C A B D A 26—30: C D D A B 31—35: D C D A B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述贫苦男孩 Bob 乐于助人、最终被自己帮助过的老人和小鹿所救的故事，主题为"善有善报"。全文三段式：见困者而无力相助——倾力相助——反被所助，感情线清晰。最后一句 All of them were very __35__ that they could help each other 中含 that 引导的从句结构，是本专题语篇的收束点。 21. 【详解】C 由下文"struggling with life every day"（每天为生活挣扎）可知他来自贫穷的家庭，故选C poor。 22. 【详解】B 由下文"Bob wanted to give the old man some food"可知他背着一些食物，故选B food。 23. 【详解】B 老人需要食物，说明他很饿，故选B hungry（下文小鹿用 thirsty、烧火人缺 wood，三者需求各不相同）。 24.【详解】D 他没有食物，只能继续赶路，keep walking "继续走"，故选D。 25. 【详解】A 小鹿口渴，他渴望帮助（help）它，故选A（下文 he did not have water 呼应）。 26. 【详解】C 由"to keep warm"和"did not have wood"可知那人想生火取暖，make a fire，故选C。 27. 【详解】D。Bob 把木柴提供给那人，offer sth. to sb. "主动给予"，故选D。in return 提示对方回赠了食物和水。 28.【详解】 D 老人和小鹿受过 Bob 的帮助（或将要受助），心存感激，故选D thankful。 29. 【详解】A 由下文"pulled him up the hill"可知 Bob 从山上摔下，故选A hill。 30. 【详解】B 摔下山无法动弹，说明受了伤，故选B injured。 31.【详解】 D 正当无人相助时，老人出现了，幸运的是（Fortunately），故选D。 32. 【详解】C 摔伤后腿上留下许多伤口（wounds），下文小鹿叼来草药治疗，故选C。 33. 【详解】D 小鹿看到伤口后赶往森林叼草药，hurried to "赶往"，故选D。 34.【详解】 A 敷了草药后 Bob 很快康复（recovered），故选A。 35. 【详解】B 大家都能互相帮助，都非常开心，故选B happy。 三、语法填空（共10题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 AI: Transforming Our Daily Lives Artificial intelligence (AI) __32__ (become) an indispensable part of our daily lives in recent years. From voice assistants on our phones to smart home systems, AI is changing __33__ we live, work, and communicate. In the field of education, AI-powered learning platforms can provide personalized learning plans __34__ (base) on students' learning progress and habits. These platforms can also grade assignments automatically, __35__ (save) teachers a lot of time and energy. In healthcare, AI is used to analyze medical images, helping doctors detect diseases __36__ (early) and more accurately. AI robots can also assist in surgeries, __37__ (reduce) the risk of human error. However, AI also brings some challenges. For example, the use of AI may lead to job losses in some industries, and there are concerns about __38__ (person) data privacy. Therefore, it is important __39__ (develop) AI in a responsible and ethical way. As students, we should learn to use AI __40__ (wise) to improve our learning efficiency, while also being aware of its potential risks. We need to develop critical thinking skills to distinguish between reliable and unreliable AI-generated information, and use AI as a tool __41__ (help) us grow and achieve our goals. 【答案】 32. has become 33. how 34. based 35. saving 36. earlier 37. reducing 38. personal 39. to develop 40. wisely 41. to help 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人工智能在教育、医疗领域带来的便利及其隐患，呼吁学生理性使用 AI。语篇结构为"总起——两大应用——挑战——呼吁"。第 33 空 how 引导宾语从句，是本专题的直接对应考点；第 34、35、37、39、41 空考查非谓语动词（见专题04），第 32 空考查现在完成时，可作跨专题回练。 32.【详解】 has become 考查现在完成时。in recent years 是现在完成时的标志，主语 AI 为第三人称单数。 33.【详解】 how 考查宾语从句。从句主谓完整，缺少方式状语"如何"，用 how 引导。句意：AI 正在改变我们生活、工作和交流的方式。 34.【详解】 based 考查过去分词作后置定语。plans 与 base 是被动关系，用 based on"基于"。 35. 【详解】saving 考查现在分词作结果状语。平台自动批改作业，自然而然节省了老师的时间精力。 36. 【详解】earlier 考查副词比较级。与 more accurately 由 and 并列，形式一致，用 early 的比较级 earlier。 37. 【详解】reducing 考查现在分词作结果状语。AI 机器人协助手术，带来"降低人为失误风险"的结果。 38. 【详解】personal 考查词性转换。修饰名词 data 用形容词 personal。 39. 【详解】【详解】to develop 考查 it 作形式主语。真正主语是不定式 to develop AI...。 40. 【详解】wisely 考查词性转换。修饰动词 use 用副词 wisely。 41. 【详解】to help 考查不定式作目的状语。把 AI 当作帮助自己成长的工具。 四、书面表达（共1题） （2025年1月广东合格考·书面表达第46题）假定你是李华，上周六你去当地图书馆做志愿者，并把这件事情分享给你在英国的朋友 Peter，请写一封信给他。内容包括三点： 1. 工作时间：从早上 10 点到下午 3 点； 2. 工作内容：整理图书，给读者提供帮助； 3. 收获：有成就感。 注意： 1. 词数 90 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, Yours sincerely, Li Hua ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear Peter, I worked as a volunteer at our city library last Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. My main tasks were to put misplaced books back in order and help readers find what they needed using the catalogue system. One elderly lady even thanked me twice! Seeing the shelves neat and the readers satisfied gave me a real sense of achievement. You should try it sometime. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】 1. 审题定调。书信体应用文，时态以一般过去时为主（叙述上周六经历），收获部分可用一般过去时或现在时。 2. 要点全覆盖。① 时间 from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.；② 内容 organizing books / putting misplaced books back in order + helping readers；③ 收获 a (real) sense of achievement。 3. 名词性从句提分点。范文中 help readers find what they needed 一句用了 what 引导的宾语从句，正是本专题考点；写作中还可套用 I believe that... / I found that... 等高分句型。 4. 高分表达积累。put misplaced books back in order（把放错的书归位）；catalogue system（检索系统）；a real sense of achievement / fulfillment（真正的成就感）；show them how to use...（教他们如何使用）。 5. 易错提醒。不要写 I very happy（应为 I felt really happy）；时间写 from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.，不写 10 o'clock to 3 o'clock；help them find books 中 find 前不加 to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $