Unit 5 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（课件）英语人教版必修第一册

null 高中英语人教版必修第一册 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures Unit 5 Languages Around the World Learning objectives Students can differentiate relative adverb from relative pronouns. Students are able to describe one of your favourite memories with restrictive relative clauses. Students can identify and summarize the function of relative adverbs. Students can learn the attributive clause introduced by relative adverbs and pronouns+ relative pronouns. Contents 1. Lead in 2. Restrictive relative clauses 3. Text exercises 4. Summary 5. Assessment 6. Homework 01. Lead in Lead in Task 1 What is a restrictive clause? 在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。 先行词 后面 关系词 名词 代词 先行词 关系词 定语从句 + + 关系代词 关系副词 （that, which, who, whom, whose） （where, when, why） Lead in which 关系代词 修饰的词 从句中充当的成分 省略情况 who whom that as 人 人 人 物 人 物 物 事 人 物 事 主 宾 表 宾语 定语 主 宾 表 主 宾 表 主 宾 表 作宾可省 作宾可省 作宾可省 不可省略 不可省略 可省略 Lead in Task 2 Fill in the blanks with Relative Pronoun. 1. There were deep cracks ________ appeared in the well walls. 2. Two thirds of the people _______ lived there were dead or injured. 3. Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed. 4. The man ______ you met yesterday is my uncle. that/which that/who whose whom 物 人 人 人 缺少主语 缺少主语 主语缺少定语 缺少宾语 Lead in Task 2 Fill in the blanks with Relative Pronoun. For people ______ love the sun, summer is a time of fun. But for people ________ families were destroyed by the super typhoon _______ hit East China in July 2016, that summer was a time of great sadness. The floods and landslides caused by the typhoon killed 161 people, left 61 missing, and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people. The victims __________ the typhoon brought death or great loss were in several provinces along the Yangtze River. In the months ________ have passed since then, much has been done to make things better and help the thousands of people ________ homes were destroyed, although the sadness will never leave those ________ summer now marks the death of a loved one. who whose that/which to whom that/which whose for whom The reason ________ he found German so difficult was because of its grammar. 从句主宾/表完整 What should we do? Relative adverb （关系副词）3 struggle [ˈstrʌɡl] n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 tongue [tʌŋ] n. 舌头；语言 semester [sɪˈmestə(r)] n. 学期 petrol [ˈpetrəl] n. (NAmE gas) 汽油 Lead in 在线学单词 subway [ˈsʌbweɪ] n. (BrE underground) 地铁 apartment [əˈpɑːtmənt] n. 公寓套房 pants [pænts] n. [pl.] 内裤；短裤；裤子 beg [beɡ] vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 02. Restrictive relative clauses Restrictive relative clauses Task 3 Relative adverbs. time 时间状语 place reason 地点状语 原因状语 作状语，即从句成分齐全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。 引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。 The time when I arrived. The mines where I worked. The reason why I got a job. 关系副词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 例句 when where why Restrictive relative clauses Task 3 Relative adverbs. Eg：I still remember the days when we swam together in the river. 总结关系副词的作用： 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词 连接主句和从句 在从句中充当句子成分—状语 先行词 （表示时间） 关系副词 （作状语） 定语从句 Restrictive relative clauses Task 4 when引导的定语从句 1. I still remember the time _______ I first travelled by plane. 2. We will never forget the year _______ the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. when when 当先行词为表示_______的名词(如：day, time, week, month, year)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，定语从句用when引导。 可用“介词+ which” 来替换。 时间 Restrictive relative clauses Task 5 where引导的定语从句 1. I'd like to live in the house there is plenty of sunshine. 2. We have reached a point a change is needed. 3. He gets into a situation it is hard to decide what is right or wrong. where where where 当先行词为表示______的名词(如：place, house, airport)或抽象地点的名词(如：point，case，situation，position，occasion，platform，stage等) ，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句用where引导。可用“介词+ which” 来替换。 地点 Restrictive relative clauses Task 6 why引导的定语从句 1. This is the reason he left in a hurry. 2. I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his friends for help yesterday. why why 当先行词为表示______的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，定语从句用why引导。可用“ for + which” 来替换。 原因 Restrictive relative clauses Task 7 介词+关系副词 关系副词 介词+关系副词 when where why at/on/in/during + which at/on/in+ which for + which 1. I still remember the day ________I became a lawyer. 2. My father used to work in the room _______ I always do my homework now. 3. This is the main reason _____ he was in hospital. when where why on which in which for which 介词确定原则 ①与先行词的搭配; ②与从句谓语的搭配; ③逻辑关系。 Restrictive relative clauses Task 7 介词+关系副词 1. This is the student __________ I bought a book. 2. This is the ship _________ I went to Shanghai. for whom by which 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that/who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。 Restrictive relative clauses Task 7 介词+关系副词 “名词，不定代词或数词 + of + which (指物)/whom (指人)”在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。 1. China has lots of islands, ____________ is Hainan Island. 2. The building had been repaired, _________________ was destroyed again in a big fire. 3. Miss Liu has a lot of students, ______________ are girls. one of which the roof of which some of whom Restrictive relative clauses Task 7 介词+关系副词 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用， 如look after、look for 等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. ( ) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. ( ) Restrictive relative clauses 1) 关系副词when ① There was a period(时期)________ I hated to go to school. ② Last winter________ I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. ③ I will never forget the year_______we were immersed in learning European languages. 2) 关系副词where ① He gets into a situation_______ it is hard to decide what is right or wrong. ② The factory_______ his father works is in the west of the city. ③ Creating a relaxing atmosphere_______employees are less scared to state their views is a big challenge. 3) 关系副词why ① He didn’t tell me the reason_______he was so upset. ② Please tell me the reason ________ he refused to follow my advice. when when when where where where why why during which in which in which in which in which in which for which for which Restrictive relative clauses ①There are places_______ancient languages were born and reasons______languages evolved uniquely due to isolation. ②The reason ______ I love my job as a nature photographer is ______ I can observe animals in their natural environment. ③Our teacher took us to the museum _______ an exhibition on Chinese art was held. ④It was in September, 2013 _______ I studied in the UK _______ I met and fell in love with my wife. ⑤Do you know the year_________the Chinese Communist Party was founded? ⑥However, the typical teenagers’ lifestyle is already filled with so much competition ______ it would be wise to plan activities______ ______there are more winners than losers. where/in which for which/why for which/why that in which/ where when that when/in which in which that 4)“介词+which/whom”的用法 Restrictive relative clauses 识别定语从句 找先行词，划分主从句 把先行词插入到从句中 判断插入部分：是缺主语宾语、定语，还是缺状语 依据先行词，正确选用 解题步骤 识 找 插 判 选 03. Text exercises Text exercises Task 8 Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. 1. It was a time when people were divided geographically. 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. 4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 地点 时间 原因 地点状语 in the house 时间状语 on the day 原因状语 for this reason 地点 地点状语 on bones and shells Text exercises Task 9 Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ___________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _______________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum! where/in which when/on which where which/that why Text exercises Task 10 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. 04. Summary Summary 05. Assessment Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1.After learning, I am able to differentiate relative adverb from relative pronouns. 2.After learning, I am able to identify and summarize the function of relative adverbs in restrictive relative clauses. 3.After learning, I am able to describe one of your favourite memories with restrictive relative clauses. 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 Assessment 06. Homework Make a conversation with classmates using restrictive relative clauses to describe your favourite things. Homework Thank you for your listening 高频英语单词交互式学习卡 struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 ▼ 词性详解 1. vi. 不及物动词：奋斗，挣扎，奋力做 2. n. 名词：艰难的斗争，苦战 常用搭配 struggle with sth 与……作斗争；费力应付某事 struggle to do sth 努力/艰难地做某事 a struggle for … 为……的斗争 struggle against 反抗，对抗 例句 She struggles with English grammar every day. 她每天都在吃力地攻克英语语法。 It was a long struggle to finish the task. 完成这项任务是一场漫长的苦战。 tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌头；语言 ▼ 词性详解 名词 n.：本义“舌头”，引申义“母语、方言、一门语言” 常用搭配 mother tongue 母语 hold your tongue 管住嘴，少说话 slip of the tongue 口误 例句 Chinese is my mother tongue. 汉语是我的母语。 I bit my tongue accidentally. 我不小心咬到了舌头。 point of view 观点；看法 ▼ 短语用法 可数名词短语，复数：points of view 常用搭配 from one's point of view 在某人看来 change one's point of view 改变看法 例句 From my point of view, this plan is practical. 在我看来，这个方案很实用。 semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n. 学期 ▼ 词义辨析 semester：美式英语，一学年分两个学期； term：英式常用“学期” 常用搭配 this semester 这学期 next semester 下学期 fall semester 秋季学期 例句 We will learn more words this semester. 这学期我们要学习更多单词。 petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n. (NAmE gas) 汽油 ▼ 地域区别 BrE 英式：petrol；NAmE 美式：gas / gasoline 不可数名词 常用搭配 petrol station 加油站（英） a tank of petrol 一箱汽油 例句 The car is running out of petrol. 这辆车快没汽油了。 subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n. (BrE underground) 地铁 ▼ 地域用词 美式：subway；英式：underground / tube 常用搭配 take the subway 乘坐地铁 subway station 地铁站 例句 I go to work by subway every morning. 我每天早上坐地铁上班。 apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. (especially NAmE) 公寓套房 ▼ 地域辨析 美式：apartment；英式：flat 常用搭配 a one-bedroom apartment 一居室公寓 rent an apartment 租公寓 例句 She lives in a small apartment downtown. 她住在市中心的一间小公寓里。 pants /pænts/ n. [pl.] (BrE) 内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE) 裤子 ▼ 用法区分 本身永远是复数，不能说 a pant 美式日常 = trousers（长裤）；英式多指内衣短裤 常用搭配 a pair of pants 一条裤子 sports pants 运动裤 例句 This pair of pants fits you well. 这条裤子很适合你。 beg /beɡ/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 ▼ 变形 过去式/过去分词：begged；现在分词：begging 常用搭配 beg sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事 beg for sth 乞求某物 I beg your pardon. 抱歉/请再说一遍 例句 The little boy begged his mom to buy a toy. 小男孩央求妈妈买一个玩具。 $