Unit 6 Survival 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

Unit 6 Survival 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：WHO/Europe, 23 June 2025）Extreme heat is becoming a practical survival issue for more communities. In June 2025, WHO/Europe renewed its #KeepCool guidance, reminding people that many heat-related health problems can be prevented through simple actions taken before symptoms become severe. The advice begins with reducing exposure. People should avoid strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day, stay in the shade and spend time in a cool place when necessary. Homes can be cooled by using night air and blocking direct sunlight during the day. Regular water intake is also essential, especially for people who are more vulnerable to heat. Survival guidance is effective only when people recognise risk early. Heatstroke can become a medical emergency, so confusion, fainting or loss of consciousness requires urgent help and rapid cooling. The larger lesson is that survival is rarely about one dramatic decision. It is often the result of preparation, attention and several small actions taken at the right time. 【全文翻译】 极端高温正成为越来越多社区需要面对的现实生存问题。2025年6月，世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处再次发布#KeepCool防暑建议，提醒公众：许多高温相关健康问题可以通过在症状严重之前采取简单行动来预防。建议首先强调减少暴露：避免在一天最热的时候进行剧烈活动，尽量待在阴凉处，必要时到凉爽场所停留；夜间可利用较凉空气给房屋降温，白天则应遮挡直射阳光；规律补水也十分重要，尤其对更容易受高温影响的人群。生存建议只有在人们能够尽早识别风险时才真正有效。中暑可能发展为医疗急症，因此一旦出现意识混乱、晕厥或失去意识，应立即寻求急救并快速降温。更大的启示是：生存很少只取决于某一个戏剧性的决定，它往往来自提前准备、保持警觉，以及在正确时间采取一系列小而有效的行动。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①extreme heat 极端高温 ②heat-related adj. 与高温相关的 ③prevent v. 预防 ④exposure n. 暴露 ⑤strenuous adj. 剧烈的 ⑥shade n. 阴凉处 ⑦vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的 ⑧heatstroke n. 中暑 ⑨medical emergency 医疗急症 ⑩confusion n. 意识混乱 ⑪fainting n. 晕厥 ⑫rapid cooling 快速降温 ⑬survival n. 生存 ⑭preparation n. 准备 ⑮recognise v. 识别 ⑯symptom n. 症状 ⑰hydrate v. 补水 ⑱block sunlight 遮挡阳光 ⑲urgent adj. 紧急的 ⑳at the right time 在正确时间 【长难句分析】 1. In June 2025, WHO/Europe renewed its #KeepCool guidance, reminding people that many heat-related health problems can be prevented through simple actions taken before symptoms become severe. 句意：2025年6月，世卫组织欧洲区域办事处再次发布#KeepCool防暑建议，提醒人们许多高温相关健康问题可以通过在症状严重前采取简单行动来预防。 分析：reminding people...为现在分词短语作伴随状语；that引导宾语从句；taken before...为过去分词短语作后置定语。 2. The larger lesson is that survival is rarely about one dramatic decision; it is often the result of preparation, attention and several small actions taken at the right time. 句意：更大的启示是，生存很少只关乎一个戏剧性的决定；它往往是准备、警觉以及在正确时间采取若干小行动的结果。 分析：that引导表语从句；分号连接两个意义紧密的并列分句；taken at the right time为过去分词短语作后置定语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 Earthquake early warning does not predict an earthquake days in advance. Instead, systems such as the U.S. Geological Survey’s ShakeAlert detect an earthquake after it begins and try to send a warning before the strongest shaking reaches places farther away. Sensors closest to the source record the first waves, which usually travel faster than the more damaging shaking that follows. In 2025, USGS researchers described improvements in ShakeAlert Version 3. Faster algorithms help estimate an earthquake’s location and size, while real-time geodetic data can improve estimates for very large events. In some situations, people or automated systems may receive seconds of useful warning. Version 3 is intended to produce faster, more stable estimates, particularly when an earthquake is large enough that early measurements may underestimate its full size. Those seconds can matter. Trains can slow, machinery can pause and people can drop, cover and hold on. But warning time is not equal everywhere. Areas close to the epicentre may begin shaking before an alert arrives, while places farther away often have more time. Automated actions can begin before a person has time to interpret a message, but human responses still depend on drills and clear instructions practiced in advance. This is why technology and education must work together. An alert is useful only if people already know what action to take. Survival systems are strongest when fast information meets practiced behaviour. The useful question is not whether a warning can stop an earthquake—it cannot—but whether a few seconds can be converted into a safer action. 1．What does earthquake early warning do? A．It predicts the exact date of an earthquake months ahead. B．It detects a quake after it starts and warns some places before strong shaking arrives. C．It prevents earthquakes from happening. D．It measures only damage after shaking ends. 2．What improvement is mentioned for ShakeAlert Version 3? A．Slower detection algorithms. B．Removal of all seismic sensors. C．Warnings sent only after earthquakes end. D．Faster algorithms and better data for large events. 3．Why may people near the epicentre receive little warning? A．Strong shaking can reach them before the alert. B．They are always outside the system. C．Earthquakes move away from the epicentre. D．Their phones cannot receive any messages. 4．What is the main lesson of the final paragraph? A．Education can replace warning systems completely. B．An alert guarantees safety without action. C．Technology works best when people are trained to respond. D．Earthquake drills are unnecessary. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍USGS ShakeAlert地震预警系统及2025年算法升级，强调预警是在地震发生后争取数秒行动时间，并需要公众训练配合。 1．第一段指出系统在地震开始后检测，并尽量在强震到达更远地区前发警报。故选B。 2．第二段指出Version 3使用更快算法和实时大地测量数据。故选D。 3．靠近震中的地区可能在警报到达前已经开始强烈震动。故选A。 4．末段强调alert只有在人们事先知道如何行动时才有用。故选C。 Passage 2 NASA’s CHAPEA programme is designed to study how people might live and work during long missions to Mars. Mission 2 1.________ (begin) on 19 October 2025, when four research volunteers entered 2.________ 3D-printed Mars Dune Alpha habitat at Johnson Space Center in Houston. The habitat is a place 3.________ the crew can experience some of the demands of a Mars mission without leaving Earth. They are spending 378 days inside, 4.________ (live) with limited resources, isolation and simulated equipment problems. Communication with “Earth” is delayed 5.________ up to 22 minutes one way. Crew members follow demanding schedules, while researchers compare how people adapt over time. Researchers collect data on health, behaviour and team 6.________ (perform), 7.________ the crew carries out simulated Marswalks, crop work and maintenance. The aim is to make future missions 8.________ (safe) by learning which stresses matter most. Crew members must also solve some problems 9.________ (independent), since help cannot arrive immediately. By the time the mission ends in October 2026, they 10.________ (spend) more than a year providing data that may shape future Mars planning. 【答案】1. began 2. the 3. where 4. living 5. for 6. performance 7. while 8. safer 9. independently 10. will have spent 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章依据NASA CHAPEA第二次火星模拟任务资料，介绍378天封闭实验的目的和条件，设空覆盖时态、非谓语、从句、介词、词性转换和比较级等高频考点。 1. 考查动词时态。on 19 October 2025为明确的过去时间，应用一般过去时began。 2. 考查冠词。Mars Dune Alpha为上下文中特指的3D打印栖息舱，应用定冠词the。 3. 考查定语从句。先行词place表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4. 考查非谓语动词。主语They与live为主动关系，living with...作伴随状语，故填living。 5. 考查介词。表示“长达22分钟”，固定表达为for up to 22 minutes，故填for。 6. 考查词性转换。空处与health、behaviour并列作介词on的宾语，perform的名词形式performance符合语境。 7. 考查连词。前后两个动作在同一时期进行，表示“与此同时”，故填while。 8. 考查形容词比较级。通过研究风险使未来任务“更安全”，结合语境应用比较级safer。 9. 考查副词。空处修饰动词solve，independent的副词形式为independently。 10. 考查动词时态。By the time...ends in October 2026表示到未来某一时刻已经完成，应用将来完成时will have spent。 Passage 3 Wildfires can move quickly, so survival begins before smoke is visible. Ready.gov advises families to learn local warning systems, know evacuation routes and prepare supplies in advance. 1.________ Families should also know which local agency sends evacuation information, because warnings may arrive through several channels during a fast-moving emergency. A good plan should include more than one way to leave the area. Roads can close, and the safest route may change with wind and fire conditions. Families should also decide how they will help children, older relatives, pets or anyone who needs extra assistance. 2.________ A meeting place outside the neighbourhood and a contact person in another area can help if family members are separated when evacuation begins. Emergency supplies can include water, food, medicines, flashlights and N95 masks that reduce the amount of harmful particles people breathe. Important documents should also be protected or copied digitally. 3.________ A portable radio, spare power and copies of identification can be useful when electricity or mobile networks are unreliable, and the kit should be checked regularly. If authorities order an evacuation, people should leave immediately rather than wait to see the flames. While travelling, they should continue listening to official information. 4.________ Smoke and shifting winds can make conditions change quickly, so a familiar road may no longer be the safest choice when an order is issued. Risk does not end when the main fire passes. Hot ash, damaged trees, hidden embers and unsafe water can remain dangerous. People should return only when authorities say it is safe. 5.________ Even after returning, residents may need to avoid damaged power lines, unstable structures and ash, and should follow local advice about water and air quality. A．After a disaster, careful return is part of survival too. B．Different households may need different routes because road closures are rarely predictable. C．Practising the plan beforehand can make decisions faster when stress is high. D．The goal is to reduce last-minute choices when conditions are already dangerous. E．An evacuation kit should also be light enough to carry if a family has to leave on foot. F．Prepared supplies are useful because there may be little time to collect them during an evacuation. G．Official instructions are more reliable than rumours spreading through crowded communication networks. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章根据Ready.gov野火安全建议，按“事前准备—疏散行动—灾后返回”的逻辑说明生存依赖提前规划、物资准备和官方信息。 1．前文列出预警、路线和物资准备，D项总结其目的。故选D。 2．前文要求考虑多条路线和特殊成员，C项说明提前演练能加快高压下决策。故选C。 3．本段列举应急物资，F项说明提前准备的原因。故选F。 4．前文要求继续听官方信息，G项强调官方指令比传言可靠。故选G。 5．末段讨论火灾后仍存在风险，A项概括谨慎返回也是生存的一部分。故选A。 Passage 4 Planetary defence sounds like science fiction, but space agencies are already testing the ideas behind it. ESA’s Hera spacecraft is travelling toward the Didymos binary asteroid system, where it will study the small moon Dimorphos. Hera will measure Dimorphos’s mass, shape and the crater left by DART, details needed to understand exactly how efficiently momentum was transferred. Dimorphos is special because NASA’s DART spacecraft deliberately struck it in 2022 and measurably changed its orbit. The experiment showed that a spacecraft impact can alter an asteroid’s motion. Hera’s job is to examine the result in detail so that scientists understand the method well enough to use it reliably if a dangerous asteroid is ever discovered. DART changed the time Dimorphos takes to orbit its larger companion, giving scientists the first full-scale test of asteroid deflection by kinetic impact. In March 2025, Hera used Mars for a gravity-assist flyby. The planet’s gravity changed the spacecraft’s path toward Didymos while saving fuel. The flyby also allowed Hera to test its instruments and observe Mars’s moon Deimos. Gravity assists are common in deep-space navigation because they can change a spacecraft’s speed or direction without requiring the same amount of onboard propellant. No known asteroid currently requires this kind of defence action. The point is preparation. A technique is far more useful in an emergency if scientists have tested its limits before the emergency arrives. Planetary defence is therefore a problem of probability and preparation: the aim is to understand options long before a rare threat becomes urgent. 1．What is Hera’s main purpose at Didymos? A．To build a human city on Dimorphos. B．To move Mars closer to Earth. C．To study the result of an asteroid-deflection test. D．To search for oceans on the Moon. 2．What did NASA’s DART mission demonstrate? A．A spacecraft impact can change an asteroid’s motion. B．Every asteroid is dangerous to Earth. C．Mars can be reached without fuel. D．Humans can already live on Dimorphos. 3．Why did Hera fly past Mars in 2025? A．To land on Mars permanently. B．To collect people for the mission. C．To avoid testing its instruments. D．To use Mars’s gravity to change course and save fuel. 4．What is the main message of the final paragraph? A．Planetary defence should begin only after an impact. B．Preparedness makes a tested defence method more valuable before a real threat appears. C．Scientists know exactly which asteroid will hit Earth. D．Space agencies should stop testing new techniques. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍ESA Hera行星防御任务、DART小行星偏转试验以及2025年火星引力助推，强调在真正威胁到来前先测试方法。 1．第二段说明Hera将详细检查DART撞击后的结果。故选C。 2．DART证明spacecraft impact can alter an asteroid’s motion。故选A。 3．第三段说明Mars gravity改变轨道并节省燃料。故选D。 4．末段强调point is preparation，经过测试的方法在紧急情况中更可靠。故选B。 Passage 5 When coyotes began appearing near a suburban park, the first public reaction was often fear. Some residents wanted every animal 1.________, but wildlife officers warned that removing individuals without changing the environment might create 2.________ problems. They began by mapping where sightings occurred and looking for a shared 3.________. Many reports clustered around overflowing rubbish bins and outdoor pet food. The animals were not simply “invading”; they were 4.________ to easy sources of food. The city therefore changed the environment before trying to change the animals. Stronger bin lids were installed, feeding wildlife was 5.________, and residents received clear 6.________ about keeping a safe distance. Officers also asked people to report encounters 7.________ rather than spreading dramatic rumours online. At first, the plan seemed 8.________ compared with capturing animals. Yet over several months, close encounters 9.________. Coyotes still used green corridors and railway edges, but they were less 10.________ to approach busy spaces. Researchers studying urban wildlife make a similar point: coexistence requires both animal adaptation and human 11.________. Cities can reduce conflict by removing artificial food sources and designing safer 12.________ across fragmented habitat. Residents also need to 13.________ that seeing wildlife is not automatically a crisis. Good management does not promise a city without risk; it tries to keep risk at a 14.________ level. Survival in urban environments depends on learning which behaviours create conflict and which small changes can 15.________ it. 1. A．followed B．counted C．welcomed D．removed 2. A．minor B．new C．distant D．private 3. A．boundary B．warning C．pattern D．route 4. A．responding B．escaping C．returning D．competing 5. A．delayed B．recorded C．discouraged D．accepted 6. A．evidence B．permission C．equipment D．guidance 7. A．immediately B．accurately C．secretly D．rarely 8. A．modest B．urgent C．costly D．complete 9. A．spread B．returned C．changed D．declined 10. A．ready B．eager C．likely D．able 11. A．responsibility B．curiosity C．competition D．independence 12. A．shelters B．routes C．signals D．markets 13. A．promise B．prove C．understand D．ignore 14. A．equal B．hidden C．sudden D．manageable 15. A．prevent B．describe C．measure D．replace 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以城市郊狼管理为例，说明城市野生动物共存需要改变人类行为和环境条件，而不是只处理单个动物。完形设空主要考查动词、名词、形容词/副词在完整语篇中的准确选择。 1．考查动词。居民希望把动物“移走”，wanted every animal removed符合语境。故选D。 2．考查形容词。只移除个体却不改变环境可能产生new problems“新的问题”。故选B。 3．考查名词。管理人员通过地图寻找共同pattern“模式”。故选C。 4．考查动词。郊狼靠近是对易得食物作出responding“反应”。故选A。 5．考查动词。为了减少吸引因素，投喂野生动物被discouraged“不鼓励”。故选C。 6．考查名词。居民得到关于安全距离的clear guidance“明确指导”。故选D。 7．考查副词。官方要求居民accurately“准确地”报告遭遇情况。故选B。 8．考查形容词。与捕捉动物相比，这种环境管理最初显得modest“温和、不显眼”。故选A。 9．考查动词。实施措施后，近距离遭遇数量declined“下降”。故选D。 10．考查形容词。郊狼仍在城市活动，但较不likely“可能”接近繁忙空间。故选C。 11．考查名词。共存既依赖动物适应，也依赖人的responsibility“责任”。故选A。 12．考查名词。绿色空间之间需要更安全的routes“通道/路线”。故选B。 13．考查动词。居民需要understand“理解”看见野生动物不等于危机。故选C。 14．考查形容词。管理的目标是把风险维持在manageable“可管理的”水平。故选D。 15．考查动词。小改变可以prevent“防止/减少”冲突发生。故选A。 Passage 6 Disasters become more damaging when cities grow faster than their planning. At the 2025 Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, urban specialists highlighted poor planning and unplanned growth as major reasons why floods, heat, earthquakes and other hazards can become larger human emergencies. Fast growth can place homes and infrastructure in exposed areas before drainage, transport and emergency services have expanded to match the new population. Urban resilience means more than building strong walls. Cities need transport routes that still work during emergencies, health and communication systems with backup plans, safe housing and public spaces that reduce heat and flooding. They also need residents who understand warnings and know where to go. Neighbourhood design matters too: trees, shaded streets and open ground can reduce heat or hold storm water during ordinary days as well as emergencies. Inclusion is part of resilience. UN disaster-risk guidance stresses that people with disabilities should be actively involved in planning, because an evacuation route or warning system that is inaccessible can fail exactly when it is most needed. Accessible planning may involve visual and audible alerts, step-free routes and information that is understandable to people with different communication needs. A resilient city cannot remove every hazard. Instead, it tries to reduce exposure, prepare for disruption and recover more quickly. Survival at city scale is therefore a design problem as well as an emergency problem. That makes resilience a long-term planning habit—one that links land use, public services and social inclusion before a disaster tests the system. 1．What can make urban disasters more damaging? A．Too many emergency drills. B．Accessible warning systems. C．Strong public transport. D．Rapid growth without enough planning. 2．Which example is part of urban resilience? A．Ignoring flood risk. B．Backup plans for health and communication systems. C．Building housing without evacuation routes. D．Keeping residents uninformed. 3．Why should people with disabilities be involved in planning? A．To reduce the number of public warnings. B．To separate them from community planning. C．To make sure systems and routes are usable by more people in emergencies. D．To replace emergency professionals. 4．What does the final paragraph mainly emphasize? A．Resilience reduces risk and speeds recovery even when hazards cannot be removed. B．A resilient city never experiences danger. C．Survival depends only on emergency workers. D．Urban design has nothing to do with disasters. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章结合2025全球减灾平台关于城市韧性的讨论，说明城市生存能力既来自应急响应，也来自规划、基础设施、包容性和恢复能力。 1．第一段指出poor planning and unplanned growth会加剧灾害。故选D。 2．第二段列出health and communication systems with backup plans。故选B。 3．不可访问的疏散路线或预警系统会在最需要时失效，因此要让残障人士参与规划。故选C。 4．末段指出城市无法消除所有危险，但可减少暴露并更快恢复。故选A。 Passage 7 Hurricane survival begins with decisions made before a storm is close. NOAA preparedness guidance encourages families to discuss a disaster plan so that everyone knows where to go and how to communicate if an evacuation becomes necessary. The plan should also identify more than one route and a meeting point, because family members may not all be together when a warning is issued. A supply kit is another basic step. Guidance recommends water, food that will not spoil, medicines, first-aid materials and flashlights. A common planning figure is about one gallon of water per person per day, and families should think about several days of need. Food and water should be stored safely and checked before hurricane season so that expired items are replaced instead of discovered during an emergency. Medication deserves special attention because pharmacies and roads may be closed after a major storm. NOAA guidance suggests keeping at least a seven-day supply when possible. Families should also plan for infants, older people, pets and anyone with specific medical needs. People who depend on powered medical equipment may also need backup electricity or an agreed place to relocate before conditions make travel difficult. The key idea is simple: an emergency is a poor time to begin making every decision. A written plan and prepared supplies reduce the number of choices that must be made under pressure. Preparation does not remove uncertainty, but it protects attention: people can focus on new information instead of solving basic problems for the first time. 1．What should families discuss before a hurricane? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How much water per person per day is mentioned as a planning figure? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．How many days of medication does the guidance suggest keeping when possible? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Who may need extra planning besides the average adult? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Why are a written plan and prepared supplies useful? ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. A disaster plan, including where to go and how to communicate. 2. About one gallon. 3. At least seven days. 4. Infants, older people, pets and people with specific medical needs. 5. They reduce the number of decisions that must be made under pressure. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章根据NOAA飓风生存准备建议，说明家庭应提前确定疏散与沟通方案，并准备饮水、食物、药品和特殊人群所需物资。 1．第一段指出家庭应讨论disaster plan，包括去哪里、如何联系。 2．第二段给出的准备量为one gallon per person per day。 3．第三段建议至少准备seven-day supply of medication。 4．第三段列出infants, older people, pets和特殊医疗需求者。 5．末段指出书面计划和预备物资能减少高压下的临时决策。 Passage 8 NASA’s Perseverance rover has been collecting carefully selected rock and soil samples on Mars. Scientists hope that some of these materials may preserve clues about the planet’s early environment and whether microscopic life could once have existed there. Perseverance seals selected material in sample tubes so that future scientists can compare rocks formed in different environments within Jezero Crater. Studying the samples on Earth would allow researchers to use laboratories far larger and more powerful than anything a rover can carry. For this reason, Mars Sample Return has been considered a high scientific priority, although the exact mission architecture has been under review as NASA looks for safer and more affordable approaches. Earth laboratories can also be upgraded over time, meaning returned material could be studied with techniques that do not yet exist when the samples are collected. The samples could also help future human exploration. Martian dust, rock chemistry and possible resources all matter when engineers think about habitats, equipment and health risks. A sample therefore has value not only for understanding the past, but also for preparing for the future. Understanding dust and rock chemistry could influence decisions about filtration, protective equipment and whether local materials might eventually be useful for construction or other resources. Human settlement on Mars remains a distant goal. But survival beyond Earth will depend on the same principle seen in disaster planning on Earth: learn as much as possible before people face the real environment. For that reason, sample science and human exploration are connected by preparation: both try to reduce uncertainty before more complex missions are attempted. 1．Why is Perseverance collecting Martian samples? A．To study Mars’s past environment and possible signs of ancient life. B．To build a city immediately. C．To send food to astronauts already living there. D．To change Mars’s orbit. 2．Why would returning samples to Earth be useful? A．Mars has no rocks to study. B．Rovers cannot collect any data. C．Earth laboratories can perform more powerful analyses. D．The samples are needed to cool Earth. 3．How could the samples support future human missions? A．They guarantee that Mars is safe for settlement. B．They can reveal information about materials, resources and possible risks. C．They remove the need for habitats. D．They shorten the distance between Earth and Mars. 4．What principle connects Mars exploration with survival planning on Earth? A．Waiting until an emergency begins to collect information. B．Avoiding all scientific testing. C．Assuming technology will solve every problem. D．Learning about risks before people face the real environment. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍NASA“火星样本返回”科学目标，说明样本既能帮助研究火星早期环境和潜在古生命，也能为未来人类火星任务评估材料、资源和风险。 1．第一段指出样本可能保存火星早期环境和古代微生物生命线索。故选A。 2．第二段说明地球实验室比火星车设备更大、更强。故选C。 3．第三段指出火星尘埃、岩石化学和潜在资源与栖息舱、设备和健康风险有关。故选B。 4．末段把火星生存与地球灾害规划联系起来：在真正进入环境前尽可能了解风险。故选D。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.____________________（无论警报提前多少秒）, people need to know what action to take.（no matter how） 2.____________________（无论你去野外的什么地方）, carry basic emergency supplies.（wherever） 3.During a heatwave, you ____________________（最好避免在最热时段剧烈运动）.（had better） 4.Keep digital copies of important documents ____________________（以防原件在灾害中受损）.（in case） 5.Every student should learn ____________________（在紧急情况下该做什么）.（“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语） 【答案】 1. No matter how many seconds of warning there are 2. Wherever you go in the wild 3. had better avoid strenuous exercise during the hottest part of the day 4. in case the originals are damaged in a disaster 5. what to do in an emergency 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校将开展“Resilient Campus Week”，负责人Mr Davis正在征集活动建议。请你结合本套外刊阅读内容，给他写一封邮件，建议设置“Emergency Ready”和“Future Survival”两个体验项目。内容包括：1. 每个项目各设计一项具体活动；2. 说明活动目的或预期收获。 注意：1. 词数80-100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Mr Davis, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Resilient Campus Week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these activities can help us become calmer and better prepared for challenges. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr Davis, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Resilient Campus Week. For Emergency Ready, classes can complete a short evacuation-and-supply challenge. Students first choose a safe route, then decide which items belong in an emergency kit and explain why. This can turn warning information into practiced action. For Future Survival, groups can design a one-week Mars habitat plan with limited water, food, power and communication. They must decide how to use resources and respond to one unexpected problem. The activity can show that survival, whether on Earth or Mars, depends on preparation, teamwork and careful decisions. I hope these activities can help us become calmer and better prepared for challenges. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua $Unit 6 Survival 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：WHO/Europe, 23 June 2025）Extreme heat is becoming a practical survival issue for more communities. In June 2025, WHO/Europe renewed its #KeepCool guidance, reminding people that many heat-related health problems can be prevented through simple actions taken before symptoms become severe. The advice begins with reducing exposure. People should avoid strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day, stay in the shade and spend time in a cool place when necessary. Homes can be cooled by using night air and blocking direct sunlight during the day. Regular water intake is also essential, especially for people who are more vulnerable to heat. Survival guidance is effective only when people recognise risk early. Heatstroke can become a medical emergency, so confusion, fainting or loss of consciousness requires urgent help and rapid cooling. The larger lesson is that survival is rarely about one dramatic decision. It is often the result of preparation, attention and several small actions taken at the right time. 【全文翻译】 极端高温正成为越来越多社区需要面对的现实生存问题。2025年6月，世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处再次发布#KeepCool防暑建议，提醒公众：许多高温相关健康问题可以通过在症状严重之前采取简单行动来预防。建议首先强调减少暴露：避免在一天最热的时候进行剧烈活动，尽量待在阴凉处，必要时到凉爽场所停留；夜间可利用较凉空气给房屋降温，白天则应遮挡直射阳光；规律补水也十分重要，尤其对更容易受高温影响的人群。生存建议只有在人们能够尽早识别风险时才真正有效。中暑可能发展为医疗急症，因此一旦出现意识混乱、晕厥或失去意识，应立即寻求急救并快速降温。更大的启示是：生存很少只取决于某一个戏剧性的决定，它往往来自提前准备、保持警觉，以及在正确时间采取一系列小而有效的行动。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①extreme heat 极端高温 ②heat-related adj. 与高温相关的 ③prevent v. 预防 ④exposure n. 暴露 ⑤strenuous adj. 剧烈的 ⑥shade n. 阴凉处 ⑦vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的 ⑧heatstroke n. 中暑 ⑨medical emergency 医疗急症 ⑩confusion n. 意识混乱 ⑪fainting n. 晕厥 ⑫rapid cooling 快速降温 ⑬survival n. 生存 ⑭preparation n. 准备 ⑮recognise v. 识别 ⑯symptom n. 症状 ⑰hydrate v. 补水 ⑱block sunlight 遮挡阳光 ⑲urgent adj. 紧急的 ⑳at the right time 在正确时间 【长难句分析】 1. In June 2025, WHO/Europe renewed its #KeepCool guidance, reminding people that many heat-related health problems can be prevented through simple actions taken before symptoms become severe. 句意：2025年6月，世卫组织欧洲区域办事处再次发布#KeepCool防暑建议，提醒人们许多高温相关健康问题可以通过在症状严重前采取简单行动来预防。 分析：reminding people...为现在分词短语作伴随状语；that引导宾语从句；taken before...为过去分词短语作后置定语。 2. The larger lesson is that survival is rarely about one dramatic decision; it is often the result of preparation, attention and several small actions taken at the right time. 句意：更大的启示是，生存很少只关乎一个戏剧性的决定；它往往是准备、警觉以及在正确时间采取若干小行动的结果。 分析：that引导表语从句；分号连接两个意义紧密的并列分句；taken at the right time为过去分词短语作后置定语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 Earthquake early warning does not predict an earthquake days in advance. Instead, systems such as the U.S. Geological Survey’s ShakeAlert detect an earthquake after it begins and try to send a warning before the strongest shaking reaches places farther away. Sensors closest to the source record the first waves, which usually travel faster than the more damaging shaking that follows. In 2025, USGS researchers described improvements in ShakeAlert Version 3. Faster algorithms help estimate an earthquake’s location and size, while real-time geodetic data can improve estimates for very large events. In some situations, people or automated systems may receive seconds of useful warning. Version 3 is intended to produce faster, more stable estimates, particularly when an earthquake is large enough that early measurements may underestimate its full size. Those seconds can matter. Trains can slow, machinery can pause and people can drop, cover and hold on. But warning time is not equal everywhere. Areas close to the epicentre may begin shaking before an alert arrives, while places farther away often have more time. Automated actions can begin before a person has time to interpret a message, but human responses still depend on drills and clear instructions practiced in advance. This is why technology and education must work together. An alert is useful only if people already know what action to take. Survival systems are strongest when fast information meets practiced behaviour. The useful question is not whether a warning can stop an earthquake—it cannot—but whether a few seconds can be converted into a safer action. 1．What does earthquake early warning do? A．It predicts the exact date of an earthquake months ahead. B．It detects a quake after it starts and warns some places before strong shaking arrives. C．It prevents earthquakes from happening. D．It measures only damage after shaking ends. 2．What improvement is mentioned for ShakeAlert Version 3? A．Slower detection algorithms. B．Removal of all seismic sensors. C．Warnings sent only after earthquakes end. D．Faster algorithms and better data for large events. 3．Why may people near the epicentre receive little warning? A．Strong shaking can reach them before the alert. B．They are always outside the system. C．Earthquakes move away from the epicentre. D．Their phones cannot receive any messages. 4．What is the main lesson of the final paragraph? A．Education can replace warning systems completely. B．An alert guarantees safety without action. C．Technology works best when people are trained to respond. D．Earthquake drills are unnecessary. Passage 2 NASA’s CHAPEA programme is designed to study how people might live and work during long missions to Mars. Mission 2 1.________ (begin) on 19 October 2025, when four research volunteers entered 2.________ 3D-printed Mars Dune Alpha habitat at Johnson Space Center in Houston. The habitat is a place 3.________ the crew can experience some of the demands of a Mars mission without leaving Earth. They are spending 378 days inside, 4.________ (live) with limited resources, isolation and simulated equipment problems. Communication with “Earth” is delayed 5.________ up to 22 minutes one way. Crew members follow demanding schedules, while researchers compare how people adapt over time. Researchers collect data on health, behaviour and team 6.________ (perform), 7.________ the crew carries out simulated Marswalks, crop work and maintenance. The aim is to make future missions 8.________ (safe) by learning which stresses matter most. Crew members must also solve some problems 9.________ (independent), since help cannot arrive immediately. By the time the mission ends in October 2026, they 10.________ (spend) more than a year providing data that may shape future Mars planning. Passage 3 Wildfires can move quickly, so survival begins before smoke is visible. Ready.gov advises families to learn local warning systems, know evacuation routes and prepare supplies in advance. 1.________ Families should also know which local agency sends evacuation information, because warnings may arrive through several channels during a fast-moving emergency. A good plan should include more than one way to leave the area. Roads can close, and the safest route may change with wind and fire conditions. Families should also decide how they will help children, older relatives, pets or anyone who needs extra assistance. 2.________ A meeting place outside the neighbourhood and a contact person in another area can help if family members are separated when evacuation begins. Emergency supplies can include water, food, medicines, flashlights and N95 masks that reduce the amount of harmful particles people breathe. Important documents should also be protected or copied digitally. 3.________ A portable radio, spare power and copies of identification can be useful when electricity or mobile networks are unreliable, and the kit should be checked regularly. If authorities order an evacuation, people should leave immediately rather than wait to see the flames. While travelling, they should continue listening to official information. 4.________ Smoke and shifting winds can make conditions change quickly, so a familiar road may no longer be the safest choice when an order is issued. Risk does not end when the main fire passes. Hot ash, damaged trees, hidden embers and unsafe water can remain dangerous. People should return only when authorities say it is safe. 5.________ Even after returning, residents may need to avoid damaged power lines, unstable structures and ash, and should follow local advice about water and air quality. A．After a disaster, careful return is part of survival too. B．Different households may need different routes because road closures are rarely predictable. C．Practising the plan beforehand can make decisions faster when stress is high. D．The goal is to reduce last-minute choices when conditions are already dangerous. E．An evacuation kit should also be light enough to carry if a family has to leave on foot. F．Prepared supplies are useful because there may be little time to collect them during an evacuation. G．Official instructions are more reliable than rumours spreading through crowded communication networks. Passage 4 Planetary defence sounds like science fiction, but space agencies are already testing the ideas behind it. ESA’s Hera spacecraft is travelling toward the Didymos binary asteroid system, where it will study the small moon Dimorphos. Hera will measure Dimorphos’s mass, shape and the crater left by DART, details needed to understand exactly how efficiently momentum was transferred. Dimorphos is special because NASA’s DART spacecraft deliberately struck it in 2022 and measurably changed its orbit. The experiment showed that a spacecraft impact can alter an asteroid’s motion. Hera’s job is to examine the result in detail so that scientists understand the method well enough to use it reliably if a dangerous asteroid is ever discovered. DART changed the time Dimorphos takes to orbit its larger companion, giving scientists the first full-scale test of asteroid deflection by kinetic impact. In March 2025, Hera used Mars for a gravity-assist flyby. The planet’s gravity changed the spacecraft’s path toward Didymos while saving fuel. The flyby also allowed Hera to test its instruments and observe Mars’s moon Deimos. Gravity assists are common in deep-space navigation because they can change a spacecraft’s speed or direction without requiring the same amount of onboard propellant. No known asteroid currently requires this kind of defence action. The point is preparation. A technique is far more useful in an emergency if scientists have tested its limits before the emergency arrives. Planetary defence is therefore a problem of probability and preparation: the aim is to understand options long before a rare threat becomes urgent. 1．What is Hera’s main purpose at Didymos? A．To build a human city on Dimorphos. B．To move Mars closer to Earth. C．To study the result of an asteroid-deflection test. D．To search for oceans on the Moon. 2．What did NASA’s DART mission demonstrate? A．A spacecraft impact can change an asteroid’s motion. B．Every asteroid is dangerous to Earth. C．Mars can be reached without fuel. D．Humans can already live on Dimorphos. 3．Why did Hera fly past Mars in 2025? A．To land on Mars permanently. B．To collect people for the mission. C．To avoid testing its instruments. D．To use Mars’s gravity to change course and save fuel. 4．What is the main message of the final paragraph? A．Planetary defence should begin only after an impact. B．Preparedness makes a tested defence method more valuable before a real threat appears. C．Scientists know exactly which asteroid will hit Earth. D．Space agencies should stop testing new techniques. Passage 5 When coyotes began appearing near a suburban park, the first public reaction was often fear. Some residents wanted every animal 1.________, but wildlife officers warned that removing individuals without changing the environment might create 2.________ problems. They began by mapping where sightings occurred and looking for a shared 3.________. Many reports clustered around overflowing rubbish bins and outdoor pet food. The animals were not simply “invading”; they were 4.________ to easy sources of food. The city therefore changed the environment before trying to change the animals. Stronger bin lids were installed, feeding wildlife was 5.________, and residents received clear 6.________ about keeping a safe distance. Officers also asked people to report encounters 7.________ rather than spreading dramatic rumours online. At first, the plan seemed 8.________ compared with capturing animals. Yet over several months, close encounters 9.________. Coyotes still used green corridors and railway edges, but they were less 10.________ to approach busy spaces. Researchers studying urban wildlife make a similar point: coexistence requires both animal adaptation and human 11.________. Cities can reduce conflict by removing artificial food sources and designing safer 12.________ across fragmented habitat. Residents also need to 13.________ that seeing wildlife is not automatically a crisis. Good management does not promise a city without risk; it tries to keep risk at a 14.________ level. Survival in urban environments depends on learning which behaviours create conflict and which small changes can 15.________ it. 1. A．followed B．counted C．welcomed D．removed 2. A．minor B．new C．distant D．private 3. A．boundary B．warning C．pattern D．route 4. A．responding B．escaping C．returning D．competing 5. A．delayed B．recorded C．discouraged D．accepted 6. A．evidence B．permission C．equipment D．guidance 7. A．immediately B．accurately C．secretly D．rarely 8. A．modest B．urgent C．costly D．complete 9. A．spread B．returned C．changed D．declined 10. A．ready B．eager C．likely D．able 11. A．responsibility B．curiosity C．competition D．independence 12. A．shelters B．routes C．signals D．markets 13. A．promise B．prove C．understand D．ignore 14. A．equal B．hidden C．sudden D．manageable 15. A．prevent B．describe C．measure D．replace Passage 6 Disasters become more damaging when cities grow faster than their planning. At the 2025 Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, urban specialists highlighted poor planning and unplanned growth as major reasons why floods, heat, earthquakes and other hazards can become larger human emergencies. Fast growth can place homes and infrastructure in exposed areas before drainage, transport and emergency services have expanded to match the new population. Urban resilience means more than building strong walls. Cities need transport routes that still work during emergencies, health and communication systems with backup plans, safe housing and public spaces that reduce heat and flooding. They also need residents who understand warnings and know where to go. Neighbourhood design matters too: trees, shaded streets and open ground can reduce heat or hold storm water during ordinary days as well as emergencies. Inclusion is part of resilience. UN disaster-risk guidance stresses that people with disabilities should be actively involved in planning, because an evacuation route or warning system that is inaccessible can fail exactly when it is most needed. Accessible planning may involve visual and audible alerts, step-free routes and information that is understandable to people with different communication needs. A resilient city cannot remove every hazard. Instead, it tries to reduce exposure, prepare for disruption and recover more quickly. Survival at city scale is therefore a design problem as well as an emergency problem. That makes resilience a long-term planning habit—one that links land use, public services and social inclusion before a disaster tests the system. 1．What can make urban disasters more damaging? A．Too many emergency drills. B．Accessible warning systems. C．Strong public transport. D．Rapid growth without enough planning. 2．Which example is part of urban resilience? A．Ignoring flood risk. B．Backup plans for health and communication systems. C．Building housing without evacuation routes. D．Keeping residents uninformed. 3．Why should people with disabilities be involved in planning? A．To reduce the number of public warnings. B．To separate them from community planning. C．To make sure systems and routes are usable by more people in emergencies. D．To replace emergency professionals. 4．What does the final paragraph mainly emphasize? A．Resilience reduces risk and speeds recovery even when hazards cannot be removed. B．A resilient city never experiences danger. C．Survival depends only on emergency workers. D．Urban design has nothing to do with disasters. Passage 7 Hurricane survival begins with decisions made before a storm is close. NOAA preparedness guidance encourages families to discuss a disaster plan so that everyone knows where to go and how to communicate if an evacuation becomes necessary. The plan should also identify more than one route and a meeting point, because family members may not all be together when a warning is issued. A supply kit is another basic step. Guidance recommends water, food that will not spoil, medicines, first-aid materials and flashlights. A common planning figure is about one gallon of water per person per day, and families should think about several days of need. Food and water should be stored safely and checked before hurricane season so that expired items are replaced instead of discovered during an emergency. Medication deserves special attention because pharmacies and roads may be closed after a major storm. NOAA guidance suggests keeping at least a seven-day supply when possible. Families should also plan for infants, older people, pets and anyone with specific medical needs. People who depend on powered medical equipment may also need backup electricity or an agreed place to relocate before conditions make travel difficult. The key idea is simple: an emergency is a poor time to begin making every decision. A written plan and prepared supplies reduce the number of choices that must be made under pressure. Preparation does not remove uncertainty, but it protects attention: people can focus on new information instead of solving basic problems for the first time. 1．What should families discuss before a hurricane? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How much water per person per day is mentioned as a planning figure? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．How many days of medication does the guidance suggest keeping when possible? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Who may need extra planning besides the average adult? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Why are a written plan and prepared supplies useful? ________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 NASA’s Perseverance rover has been collecting carefully selected rock and soil samples on Mars. Scientists hope that some of these materials may preserve clues about the planet’s early environment and whether microscopic life could once have existed there. Perseverance seals selected material in sample tubes so that future scientists can compare rocks formed in different environments within Jezero Crater. Studying the samples on Earth would allow researchers to use laboratories far larger and more powerful than anything a rover can carry. For this reason, Mars Sample Return has been considered a high scientific priority, although the exact mission architecture has been under review as NASA looks for safer and more affordable approaches. Earth laboratories can also be upgraded over time, meaning returned material could be studied with techniques that do not yet exist when the samples are collected. The samples could also help future human exploration. Martian dust, rock chemistry and possible resources all matter when engineers think about habitats, equipment and health risks. A sample therefore has value not only for understanding the past, but also for preparing for the future. Understanding dust and rock chemistry could influence decisions about filtration, protective equipment and whether local materials might eventually be useful for construction or other resources. Human settlement on Mars remains a distant goal. But survival beyond Earth will depend on the same principle seen in disaster planning on Earth: learn as much as possible before people face the real environment. For that reason, sample science and human exploration are connected by preparation: both try to reduce uncertainty before more complex missions are attempted. 1．Why is Perseverance collecting Martian samples? A．To study Mars’s past environment and possible signs of ancient life. B．To build a city immediately. C．To send food to astronauts already living there. D．To change Mars’s orbit. 2．Why would returning samples to Earth be useful? A．Mars has no rocks to study. B．Rovers cannot collect any data. C．Earth laboratories can perform more powerful analyses. D．The samples are needed to cool Earth. 3．How could the samples support future human missions? A．They guarantee that Mars is safe for settlement. B．They can reveal information about materials, resources and possible risks. C．They remove the need for habitats. D．They shorten the distance between Earth and Mars. 4．What principle connects Mars exploration with survival planning on Earth? A．Waiting until an emergency begins to collect information. B．Avoiding all scientific testing. C．Assuming technology will solve every problem. D．Learning about risks before people face the real environment. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.____________________（无论警报提前多少秒）, people need to know what action to take.（no matter how） 2.____________________（无论你去野外的什么地方）, carry basic emergency supplies.（wherever） 3.During a heatwave, you ____________________（最好避免在最热时段剧烈运动）.（had better） 4.Keep digital copies of important documents ____________________（以防原件在灾害中受损）.（in case） 5.Every student should learn ____________________（在紧急情况下该做什么）.（“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语） 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校将开展“Resilient Campus Week”，负责人Mr Davis正在征集活动建议。请你结合本套外刊阅读内容，给他写一封邮件，建议设置“Emergency Ready”和“Future Survival”两个体验项目。内容包括：1. 每个项目各设计一项具体活动；2. 说明活动目的或预期收获。 注意：1. 词数80-100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Mr Davis, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Resilient Campus Week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these activities can help us become calmer and better prepared for challenges. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua $ Unit 6 Survival 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2 1. began 2. the 3. where 4. living 5. for 6. performance 7. while 8. safer 9. independently 10. will have spent Passage 3 1．D 2．C 3．F 4．G 5．A Passage 4 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 5 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A Passage 6 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 7 1. A disaster plan, including where to go and how to communicate. 2. About one gallon. 3. At least seven days. 4. Infants, older people, pets and people with specific medical needs. 5. They reduce the number of decisions that must be made under pressure. Passage 8 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. No matter how many seconds of warning there are 2. Wherever you go in the wild 3. had better avoid strenuous exercise during the hottest part of the day 4. in case the originals are damaged in a disaster 5. what to do in an emergency 二、应用文写作 【参考范文】 Dear Mr Davis, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Resilient Campus Week. For Emergency Ready, classes can complete a short evacuation-and-supply challenge. Students first choose a safe route, then decide which items belong in an emergency kit and explain why. This can turn warning information into practiced action. For Future Survival, groups can design a one-week Mars habitat plan with limited water, food, power and communication. They must decide how to use resources and respond to one unexpected problem. The activity can show that survival, whether on Earth or Mars, depends on preparation, teamwork and careful decisions. I hope these activities can help us become calmer and better prepared for challenges. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $