Unit6 Survival 同题异文 群文阅读（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（外研版）

A (选自人教版必修第三册Unit 4) SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER “Are we alone? What’s out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.Today scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.Space exploration has come a long way，and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. Before the mid-20th century，most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However，scientists were determined to realise that dream.After many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity.On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.Over eight years later，on 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying，“That’s one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind.” Following this，there were many more important space achievements.For example，on 5 September 1977，America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space，and it still transmits data to this day.And the International Space Station(1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space，with astronauts from many different countries on board. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.For example，all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11，Challenger，and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions.However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US，but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.On 23 July 2020，China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information.And from 2021 to 2022，China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.In 2022，the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments，greatly furthering our understanding of the universe. The future of space exploration remains bright.Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 词汇积累 1．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 2．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 3．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送 4．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器 1.Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957? A．Shenzhou 5. B．Sputnik 1. C．Voyager 1. D．The USSR’s Soyuz 11. 答案　B 2．Who was the first man to orbit Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft? A．Yang Liwei. B．Zhai Zhigang. C．Fei Junlong. D．Jing Haipeng. 答案　A 3．In which spacecraft did all the astronauts die during their missions? A．The USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger. B．Chang’e 4 and Jade Rabbit. C．Challenger and Voyager 1. D．Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6. 答案　A 4．What is the text type of the passage? A．Narration. B．Argumentative Essay. C．Expository Writing. D．Practical Writing. 答案　C B (选自译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 4) Welcome，everybody.It’s wonderful to be here.Before we begin，I want to ask you：have you ever been awed by natural wonders? Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization? If so，you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! There are currently around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide.Unfortunately，they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.Let’s look at some specific issues. Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces.The long-term natural forces，such as wind，water and temperature，can gradually wear down heritage sites.For instance，the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was originally.Natural disasters，the sudden and powerful natural forces，can lead to the destruction of heritage sites：in 2003，a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam，an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site. Another big danger is human activities.Wars can cause a great deal of damage to both cultural and natural heritage sites.Sometimes，amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence.In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out，fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. Meanwhile，World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems.One of the problems is the flood of tourists.Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year，so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear.The temples of Angkor in Cambodia are typical examples of unique architecture.Every day，thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long-term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure. Due to human population growth，the demand for production and consumption of goods increases.Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites in danger.Many heritage sites are even at risk of being lost forever.Take the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria as an example.The city has been recognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century，home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.It is now on the List of World Heritage in Danger due to high-rise construction projects in central Vienna. Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves，but also for people.For instance，the Great Barrier Reef off the north-east coast of Australia is a natural heritage site in danger.Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming，a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected，which harms its fragile natural ecology.As well as being home to a wide diversity of ocean species，the reef can boost tourism and fishing in the local area，providing many job opportunities.It also helps protect the coastline against waves and floods.If the reef disappears，many people’s lives and possibly even their homes will suffer greatly. Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the more likely we are to treat them with respect.These sites are the great wonders of our world and tell the story of human civilization.We all share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them，not just for ourselves，but for future generations.If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever，please take action.If you’re interested，please look at our website and participate in any way you can! Thank you. 词汇积累 1．awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n．敬畏，惊叹 2．preserve vt.维护，保护，保存；维持 3．ruin vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n．毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 4．violence n．暴力，暴行；狂热，激情 5．give rise to 造成，引起，导致 6．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗 7．irreparable adj.无法弥补的，不能修复的，不可恢复的 8．disastrous adj.极糟糕的；灾难性的 9．boost vt.促进；使增长；使兴旺 1.Why does the speaker ask two questions at the beginning of his speech? A．To get the answers of the questions. B．To attract the attention of the audience. C．To lead to the topic of the speech. D．To ask the audience to think of them carefully. 答案　C 2．Which of the following heritage sites were destroyed by human activities? A．The Great Pyramid of Giza and the city of Bam. B．The temples of Angkor in Cambodia and the city of Bam. C．The Great Pyramid of Giza and the temples of Angkor in Cambodia. D．The temples of Angkor in Cambodia and the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria. 答案　D 3．What can we learn from paragraph 6? A．It is dangerous to visit the Great Barrier Reef. B．A large amount of coral is killed by the polluted seawater. C．The tourists can protect the coastline against waves and floods. D．The reef’s disappearance may lead to many people’s unemployment. 答案　D 4．What’s the speaker’s purpose of giving the speech? A．To inform people of dangers that heritage sites face. B．To call on people to protect heritage sites. C．To show people how to protect heritage sites. D．To show his concern about heritage sites. 答案　B C (节选自英语时文阅读) A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely falling below 16℃.Rainforests have a great influence on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world. In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals.This action affects the environment as a whole.For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests.People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two main reasons for this.Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two.Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.Rainforests are often called the world’s drugstore.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests.However，fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value.It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests. 词汇积累 1．spread v．传播；(使)蔓延，扩散 2．potentially adv.潜在地 3．dioxide n．二氧化物 4．drugstore n．药店 5．shrink v．退缩，畏缩；缩减 1.Why can the rainforests help to adjust the climate? A．Because they reflect more heat into the atmosphere. B．Because they bring about high rainfall throughout the world. C．Because they rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃. D．Because they absorb the heat from the sun，reducing the effect of heat from the sun on the earth. 答案　D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in the third paragraph refer to? A．We will lose much more than we can gain. B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C．People have a strong desire for resources. D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. 答案　B 3．What can we infer from the text? A．We can get enough resources without rainforests. B．There is great medicine potential in rainforests. C．We will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land. D．The level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns. 答案　B 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．How to Save Rainforests B．How to Protect Nature C．Rainforests and the Environment D．Rainforests and Medical Development 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $