Unit 5 A Delicate world 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 A delicate world 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：UN Environment Programme, 11 June 2025）Restoring damaged ecosystems is becoming a larger part of global conservation. In June 2025, the UN Environment Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization recognised three new World Restoration Flagships. Together, the initiatives are working across almost five million hectares of marine ecosystems. The projects are very different. One focuses on the coral-rich Northern Mozambique Channel region, another on more than 60 Mexican islands, and a third on Spain’s Mar Menor. Their problems include pollution, unsustainable use and invasive species. What connects them is the idea that damaged nature can recover when action is long-term, science-based and supported by communities. Restoration is not simply about returning a place to an imagined past. Ecosystems are dynamic, and climate change can alter the conditions they face. Effective projects therefore try to rebuild ecological processes and resilience while also considering the people who depend on the area. In a delicate world, protection often means helping nature regain the ability to function. 【全文翻译】 修复受损生态系统正成为全球自然保护越来越重要的一部分。2025年6月，联合国环境规划署和联合国粮农组织认定了三个新的“世界生态恢复旗舰项目”。这些项目合计在近500万公顷海洋生态系统中开展修复工作。三个项目各不相同：一个位于珊瑚资源丰富的北莫桑比克海峡地区，一个覆盖墨西哥60多个岛屿，另一个位于西班牙的马尔梅诺尔。它们面临污染、不可持续利用和入侵物种等不同问题，但共同理念是：只要行动长期、以科学为依据并得到社区支持，受损自然就有恢复的可能。生态修复并不是简单把一个地方恢复到想象中的过去。生态系统本身会变化，气候变化也会改变其所处条件。因此，有效的修复项目既要重建生态过程和韧性，也要考虑依赖当地环境生活的人们。在一个脆弱而精细的世界里，保护往往意味着帮助自然重新获得正常运转的能力。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①restore v. 修复 ②ecosystem n. 生态系统 ③flagship n. 旗舰项目 ④marine adj. 海洋的 ⑤coral-rich adj. 珊瑚丰富的 ⑥pollution n. 污染 ⑦unsustainable adj. 不可持续的 ⑧invasive species 入侵物种 ⑨long-term adj. 长期的 ⑩science-based adj. 以科学为依据的 ⑪dynamic adj. 动态的 ⑫resilience n. 韧性 ⑬ecological adj. 生态的 ⑭process n. 过程 ⑮depend on 依赖 ⑯regain v. 重新获得 ⑰conservation n. 保护 ⑱community n. 社区 ⑲damaged adj. 受损的 ⑳function v. 运转；发挥功能 【长难句分析】 1. What connects them is the idea that damaged nature can recover when action is long-term, science-based and supported by communities. 句意：把这些项目联系在一起的是这样一种理念：当行动具有长期性、以科学为依据并得到社区支持时，受损自然能够恢复。 分析：What connects them为what引导的主语从句；that引导同位语从句解释the idea；when引导状语从句。 2. Effective projects therefore try to rebuild ecological processes and resilience while also considering the people who depend on the area. 句意：因此，有效的项目在重建生态过程和生态韧性的同时，也会考虑依赖该地区生活的人们。 分析：try to rebuild为谓语结构；while also considering表示同时发生；who引导定语从句修饰the people。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 Small islands can suffer enormous ecological damage from animals that humans accidentally introduce. In 2025, Tuvalu announced that invasive rats had been successfully removed from several small islets after a nation-led conservation programme supported by regional and international partners. Island restoration projects therefore often focus first on introduced predators that can affect several native species at once, rather than treating each decline separately. Rats are dangerous on islands because many native birds, reptiles and plants evolved without mammal predators. Rats can eat eggs, chicks, seeds and young plants, changing the whole food web. On a small island, even a limited number of predators can therefore have a large effect. Ground-nesting seabirds are especially vulnerable, and the loss of their colonies can even change how nutrients move from the ocean onto land. The Tuvalu project combined local leadership with technical support. Teams planned the operation carefully, monitored the islands and worked to reduce the risk that rats would return. Removing the animals was only the first step; scientists and communities must continue watching how native species respond. Biosecurity after removal is essential because one animal arriving on a boat or shipment can begin the problem again, making prevention part of long-term restoration. The project is also linked to climate resilience. Healthier island ecosystems can better support seabirds, vegetation and coastal processes. In this case, protecting biodiversity is not separate from protecting the future of island communities. For low-lying island communities, vegetation and healthy wildlife populations can also contribute to soil stability, fisheries and cultural life, linking conservation with everyday resilience. 1．Why can rats cause especially serious damage on islands? A．Rats can live only on islands. B．All island plants depend on rats. C．Island species may have evolved without mammal predators. D．Island birds are larger than mainland birds. 2．What was important about the Tuvalu project? A．It was led locally with support from wider partners. B．It depended only on foreign scientists. C．It stopped all monitoring after rats were removed. D．It moved native birds away from the islands. 3．Why is continued monitoring necessary? A．To make the islands less suitable for native plants. B．To increase the number of invasive rats. C．To replace local communities with researchers. D．To see whether native ecosystems recover and prevent reinvasion. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage? A．Why Islands Need More Predators B．When Removing One Invader Helps an Island Recover C．The Fastest Way to Build a City D．A Plan to Replace Native Wildlife Passage 2 Bees are small animals with an enormous ecological role. For World Bee Day 2025, FAO highlighted the importance of 1.________ (pollinate) to food systems and biodiversity. More than 20,000 bee species are known worldwide, and together with butterflies, birds, bats and other animals, they form 2.________ vital link between flowering plants and the next generation of seeds and fruit. Nearly 90% of wild flowering plant species depend at least partly 3.________ animal pollination. A healthy field or woodland, 4.________ may look quiet to us, can contain many such relationships. For farmers, this ecological service affects both crop yields and the diversity of food available. In some places, pollinator numbers 5.________ (decline) as habitats have been lost or simplified. Farmers and communities can respond by 6.________ (protect) nesting sites and planting a wider range of flowering plants. The more diverse the habitat is, the 7.________ (resilient) the pollinator community may become. Beekeeping can also support rural livelihoods when it is managed 8.________ (sustainable). Wild pollinators, however, 9.________ (threaten) by climate change, pollution and harmful land-use practices. Protecting them matters 10.________ crop production and natural ecosystems are connected through the same network of life. Passage 3 Counting wildlife is harder than it sounds. Many species are rare, active only at night or hidden under water. Traditional surveys can require cameras, traps or repeated visits by experts. 1.________ This means managers may know too little about a species until its decline is already advanced, especially in large rivers, lakes or coastal systems. Environmental DNA, usually called eDNA, offers another method. Animals and plants leave tiny genetic traces in water, soil and even air. Scientists can collect a sample and analyse the DNA to learn which species have recently been present. 2.________ Because a small sample can contain traces from several organisms, surveys can cover broad areas without repeatedly handling wildlife. This can be especially useful for fragile habitats. A water sample may reveal an endangered fish without researchers needing to catch it. eDNA can also help detect invasive species while their populations are still small. 3.________ That speed can matter when managers are deciding whether to close a pathway, search a new area or begin control before an invader becomes established. However, the method is not magic. A DNA signal may move with water, and a missing signal does not always prove a species is absent. Laboratories also need reliable reference databases and agreed methods so that results from different places can be compared. 4.________ Researchers therefore use eDNA alongside other evidence, such as direct observation, rather than assuming that one laboratory result tells the whole story. Researchers writing in Nature Reviews Biodiversity in 2025 argued that aquatic eDNA could become an important part of global biodiversity monitoring. If standards improve, it may help countries measure progress toward international conservation goals. 5.________ A common global approach could make local samples more useful by allowing results from different regions and years to be compared with greater confidence. A．For that reason, standardisation is as important as sensitivity. B．Traditional surveys can still provide details about population size and behaviour that DNA alone may not reveal. C．Because sampling can be non-invasive, it may reduce disturbance to the organisms being studied. D．Better biodiversity decisions depend on better information about what is actually living in an ecosystem. E．A positive DNA result, however, does not always show how many individuals are present. F．Early detection can give managers more time to act before an invader spreads widely. G．These difficulties can leave important gaps in our knowledge of biodiversity. Passage 4 Florida’s coral reefs experienced severe bleaching in 2023 as ocean temperatures rose unusually high. In 2025, NOAA and its partners announced a new phase of restoration designed not simply to replace lost coral, but to prepare reefs for a warmer future. The programme builds on lessons from earlier restoration work, including the need to respond more quickly after extreme heat events rather than waiting for slow natural recovery alone. One strategy is to identify corals that show greater heat tolerance and use them in restoration. Scientists are also trying to maintain genetic diversity, because a reef made from too few closely related corals may be less able to respond to disease or future environmental change. Teams can also store genetic material and track which colonies survive repeated heat stress, helping them avoid rebuilding reefs from a narrow genetic base. The work matters beyond the coral itself. Healthy reefs provide habitat for thousands of marine species and support local economies through fishing, tourism and coastal protection. NOAA estimates that Florida’s reefs are linked to billions of dollars in local sales and tens of thousands of jobs. Reefs weaken waves as they approach shore, so their loss can increase risks for coastal communities as well as reduce habitat and income. Researchers are careful, however, not to describe restoration as a complete solution to ocean warming. Planting stronger corals can buy time and rebuild damaged areas, but long-term reef survival also depends on reducing the pressures that caused the damage. Restoration can improve resilience at particular sites, but it works within the larger physical conditions of the ocean and cannot make those conditions irrelevant. 1．What is new about the restoration approach? A．It moves all coral into aquariums. B．It aims to prepare reefs for warmer conditions as well as replace coral. C．It uses only one genetically identical coral. D．It stops scientists from monitoring temperature. 2．Why is genetic diversity important? A．It makes every coral grow at exactly the same speed. B．It prevents all ocean temperatures from rising. C．It removes the need for habitat protection. D．It can increase the reef’s ability to respond to future threats. 3．Why does Paragraph 3 mention jobs and local sales? A．To show that reef health also affects human communities. B．To argue that coral is valuable only for tourism. C．To compare coral with city buildings. D．To prove restoration always makes money. 4．What warning does the final paragraph give? A．Coral restoration should be stopped immediately. B．Heat-tolerant coral can solve every ocean problem. C．Restoration helps, but it cannot replace action on the causes of damage. D．Only local businesses are responsible for reef loss. Passage 5 For years, managers of a damaged wetland tried to keep the landscape tidy. Straight channels moved water away quickly, and fences kept grazing animals out. A new restoration team took a different approach, but it required 1.________. Before changing anything, the team 2.________ old maps, water records and local memories to understand how the area had functioned. Their goal was not to copy the past exactly. Instead, they wanted to restore ecological 3.________. They reopened several bends in the stream and allowed seasonal water to spread across low ground. Early results were 4.________, but the team did not claim success too soon. Residents had questions about access and mosquitoes, so staff took those concerns 5.________ and adjusted parts of the plan. What could have become conflict gradually turned into 6.________. Over time, plant communities became more 7.________, and survey teams 8.________ the return of several water birds. Even so, managers knew they had to 9.________ to new evidence. In some areas, invasive plants still needed direct 10.________. The project showed that “less control” did not mean 11.________. Human action was still 12.________ where a barrier prevented recovery, while other areas were allowed to change with less interference. The result was not a museum copy of an earlier landscape but a more 13.________ system. Local farmers also found opportunities for seasonal grazing and nature-based tourism, giving the project a stronger social 14.________. Restoration became most durable when science, patience and community interests could 15.________. 1. A．control B．patience C．speed D．certainty 2. A．copied B．ignored C．divided D．examined 3. A．processes B．borders C．products D．schedules 4. A．permanent B．immediate C．encouraging D．predictable 5. A．privately B．suddenly C．equally D．seriously 6. A．competition B．cooperation C．distance D．confusion 7. A．crowded B．silent C．varied D．narrow 8. A．recorded B．prevented C．doubted D．replaced 9. A．return B．respond C．object D．settle 10. A．arrival B．growth C．movement D．removal 11. A．freedom B．control C．neglect D．delay 12. A．necessary B．attractive C．expensive D．familiar 13. A．ancient B．simple C．empty D．resilient 14. A．boundary B．foundation C．signal D．reward 15. A．disappear B．compete C．align D．pause Passage 6 Conservation news is often dominated by decline, but a 2025 update of the IUCN Red List offered a striking example of recovery. The global green sea turtle moved from Endangered to Least Concern after decades of sustained conservation action. The reassessment drew on data from nesting beaches and other population indicators collected over many years, which made it possible to see a long-term trend rather than a short fluctuation. IUCN reported that the global population had increased by roughly 28% since the 1970s. Important actions included protecting nesting females and eggs, reducing unsustainable harvest, limiting illegal trade and using special fishing equipment to reduce accidental capture. These measures were combined across different parts of the turtles’ life cycle, showing why recovery usually depends on several protections rather than a single rule. The change in status does not mean every green turtle population is safe. Some local groups still face serious threats, and climate change is altering nesting beaches and ocean conditions. “Least Concern” describes the global extinction risk, not a promise that conservation can stop. Conservationists must still track local populations because a global category can hide serious decline in a particular nesting area or migration route. The recovery matters because green turtles are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems. It also provides evidence that long-term protection can change a species’ future. A delicate world can recover, but only when successful action continues long enough to matter. The case is encouraging precisely because the improvement took decades; it suggests that consistent protection can work even when results are not immediate. 1．What major change did IUCN report for the green sea turtle? A．It became extinct in the wild. B．Its population fell by 28%. C．All conservation programmes ended. D．Its global status improved from Endangered to Least Concern. 2．Which action helped the recovery? A．Protecting nesting females and eggs. B．Increasing illegal trade. C．Removing all fishing rules. D．Reducing nesting beaches. 3．Why does the author warn that conservation cannot stop? A．Least Concern means the species has no ecological role. B．The global population is falling everywhere. C．Some populations and habitats still face threats. D．Climate change helps every nesting beach. 4．What does the passage mainly show? A．Species status never changes once listed. B．Long-term conservation can produce measurable recovery. C．Only one action can save a species. D．Conservation works only on land. Passage 7 The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico protects one of the world’s most remarkable migrations. Millions of monarch butterflies travel across Canada, the United States and Mexico, linking ecosystems and communities across a continent. The journey spans thousands of kilometres, and no single protected area can safeguard all the breeding, feeding and resting sites used along the route. In 2025, UNESCO described work with communities in Michoacán to strengthen biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods around the reserve. The approach supports traditional productive activities, crafts and ecotourism while also encouraging research, education and community participation. Projects also work with residents who have practical knowledge of forests and local markets, so conservation plans can fit the social conditions around the reserve. This matters because people living near protected areas often depend on the same land and resources that conservation aims to protect. If local livelihoods become less secure, long-term protection can become harder. Community-based projects try to make conservation and economic well-being support each other. When communities can earn income from activities compatible with conservation, there is a stronger reason to maintain habitat over many years rather than seek short-term gains. The monarch itself is a powerful symbol of ecological connection. Its migration depends on suitable habitat in several countries. Protecting one stop is useful, but the whole journey requires cooperation across places. The butterfly’s route therefore turns conservation into a shared responsibility: changes in one country can affect a migration that people in two others also depend on. 1．Which three countries are linked by the monarch butterfly migration? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What kinds of local activities does UNESCO’s work support? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why are local livelihoods important for conservation? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the monarch butterfly symbolise in the final paragraph? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What wider lesson does the passage give about protected areas? ________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 Global biodiversity targets are useful only if countries can measure whether nature is actually improving. At the resumed COP16 biodiversity meeting in Rome in February 2025, governments agreed on a fuller set of indicators for tracking progress under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Without agreed indicators, a country might report activity without showing whether species, habitats or finance are actually moving in the desired direction. The indicators cover many kinds of action, from protected areas and ecosystem restoration to species status and finance. A common monitoring system helps countries compare progress over time and identify where action is falling behind. The framework includes headline and supporting measures so governments can report on both outcomes and the actions intended to produce them. COP16 also addressed invasive alien species, one of the major direct drivers of biodiversity loss. The decisions encouraged stronger international cooperation, better information systems and improved coordination around trade and other pathways through which invasive species can spread. Because goods and transport routes connect economies, preventing biological invasions often requires information to move across borders as quickly as the risks do. These agreements may sound less dramatic than saving one famous animal, but they are part of the same task. Protecting a delicate world requires both local action and a shared way to measure results. Without evidence, good intentions are difficult to turn into accountable progress. Monitoring does not replace conservation work; it makes that work visible, comparable and easier to adjust when evidence shows that a target is not being met. 1．Why are common biodiversity indicators important? A．They help countries measure and compare progress. B．They remove the need for local conservation. C．They guarantee every target will be achieved. D．They focus only on one famous species. 2．What problem related to invasive species did COP16 address? A．The need to introduce more alien species. B．The complete end of international trade. C．The need for stronger cooperation and information systems. D．The replacement of all protected areas. 3．What does “accountable progress” most nearly mean? A．Progress that depends only on promises. B．Progress that can be checked against evidence. C．Progress that cannot be measured. D．Progress made without any goals. 4．Which statement best summarizes the passage? A．Biodiversity can be protected without data. B．International agreements matter only for finance. C．Local projects should avoid global goals. D．Global conservation needs both action and reliable monitoring. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.Human activities have made ____________________（生态系统恢复得更加困难）in some places.（it作形式宾语） 2.By protecting nesting beaches, people can ____________________（帮助海龟种群恢复）.（help + 宾语 + 动词原形） 3.____________________（由于入侵物种被清除）, native plants and birds may have a better chance to return.（with复合结构） 4.The monarch butterfly needs habitats in several countries, ____________________（这说明自然联系并不受国界限制）.（which引导非限制性定语从句） 5.We ____________________（有责任保护）the small species that keep ecosystems working.（owe it to...to do） 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校将开展“Biodiversity Action Day”，负责人Ms Lee正在征集活动建议。请你结合本套外刊阅读内容，给她写一封邮件，建议设置“Pollinator Corner”和“Campus Nature Watch”两个项目。内容包括：1. 每个项目各设计一项具体活动；2. 说明活动目的或预期收获。 注意：1. 词数80-100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Ms Lee, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Biodiversity Action Day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these activities can help us care for the delicate world around us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua $ Unit 5 A delicate world 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 2 1. pollination 2. a 3. on 4. which 5. have declined 6. protecting 7. more resilient 8. sustainably 9. are threatened 10. because Passage 3 1．G 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．D Passage 4 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 5 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C Passage 6 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 7 1. Canada, the United States and Mexico. 2. Traditional productive activities, crafts and ecotourism. 3. Because long-term protection is harder if nearby communities cannot maintain secure livelihoods. 4. Ecological connection across different places and countries. 5. Conservation works better when biodiversity protection and community well-being support each other. Passage 8 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. it harder for ecosystems to recover 2. help turtle populations recover 3. With invasive species removed 4. which shows that ecological connections are not limited by national borders 5. owe it to nature to protect 二、应用文写作 【参考范文】 Dear Ms Lee, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Biodiversity Action Day. For Pollinator Corner, students can plant a small patch of native flowering plants and make signs explaining why bees and other pollinators matter. This can turn biodiversity protection into something visible on campus. For Campus Nature Watch, groups can record birds, insects and plants in different school areas, then compare the results and suggest one habitat improvement. We do not need expensive equipment; careful observation and repeated records can already teach us how monitoring supports conservation. I believe the two projects will connect knowledge, action and long-term responsibility. I hope these activities can help us care for the delicate world around us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 5 A delicate world 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：UN Environment Programme, 11 June 2025）Restoring damaged ecosystems is becoming a larger part of global conservation. In June 2025, the UN Environment Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization recognised three new World Restoration Flagships. Together, the initiatives are working across almost five million hectares of marine ecosystems. The projects are very different. One focuses on the coral-rich Northern Mozambique Channel region, another on more than 60 Mexican islands, and a third on Spain’s Mar Menor. Their problems include pollution, unsustainable use and invasive species. What connects them is the idea that damaged nature can recover when action is long-term, science-based and supported by communities. Restoration is not simply about returning a place to an imagined past. Ecosystems are dynamic, and climate change can alter the conditions they face. Effective projects therefore try to rebuild ecological processes and resilience while also considering the people who depend on the area. In a delicate world, protection often means helping nature regain the ability to function. 【全文翻译】 修复受损生态系统正成为全球自然保护越来越重要的一部分。2025年6月，联合国环境规划署和联合国粮农组织认定了三个新的“世界生态恢复旗舰项目”。这些项目合计在近500万公顷海洋生态系统中开展修复工作。三个项目各不相同：一个位于珊瑚资源丰富的北莫桑比克海峡地区，一个覆盖墨西哥60多个岛屿，另一个位于西班牙的马尔梅诺尔。它们面临污染、不可持续利用和入侵物种等不同问题，但共同理念是：只要行动长期、以科学为依据并得到社区支持，受损自然就有恢复的可能。生态修复并不是简单把一个地方恢复到想象中的过去。生态系统本身会变化，气候变化也会改变其所处条件。因此，有效的修复项目既要重建生态过程和韧性，也要考虑依赖当地环境生活的人们。在一个脆弱而精细的世界里，保护往往意味着帮助自然重新获得正常运转的能力。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①restore v. 修复 ②ecosystem n. 生态系统 ③flagship n. 旗舰项目 ④marine adj. 海洋的 ⑤coral-rich adj. 珊瑚丰富的 ⑥pollution n. 污染 ⑦unsustainable adj. 不可持续的 ⑧invasive species 入侵物种 ⑨long-term adj. 长期的 ⑩science-based adj. 以科学为依据的 ⑪dynamic adj. 动态的 ⑫resilience n. 韧性 ⑬ecological adj. 生态的 ⑭process n. 过程 ⑮depend on 依赖 ⑯regain v. 重新获得 ⑰conservation n. 保护 ⑱community n. 社区 ⑲damaged adj. 受损的 ⑳function v. 运转；发挥功能 【长难句分析】 1. What connects them is the idea that damaged nature can recover when action is long-term, science-based and supported by communities. 句意：把这些项目联系在一起的是这样一种理念：当行动具有长期性、以科学为依据并得到社区支持时，受损自然能够恢复。 分析：What connects them为what引导的主语从句；that引导同位语从句解释the idea；when引导状语从句。 2. Effective projects therefore try to rebuild ecological processes and resilience while also considering the people who depend on the area. 句意：因此，有效的项目在重建生态过程和生态韧性的同时，也会考虑依赖该地区生活的人们。 分析：try to rebuild为谓语结构；while also considering表示同时发生；who引导定语从句修饰the people。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 Small islands can suffer enormous ecological damage from animals that humans accidentally introduce. In 2025, Tuvalu announced that invasive rats had been successfully removed from several small islets after a nation-led conservation programme supported by regional and international partners. Island restoration projects therefore often focus first on introduced predators that can affect several native species at once, rather than treating each decline separately. Rats are dangerous on islands because many native birds, reptiles and plants evolved without mammal predators. Rats can eat eggs, chicks, seeds and young plants, changing the whole food web. On a small island, even a limited number of predators can therefore have a large effect. Ground-nesting seabirds are especially vulnerable, and the loss of their colonies can even change how nutrients move from the ocean onto land. The Tuvalu project combined local leadership with technical support. Teams planned the operation carefully, monitored the islands and worked to reduce the risk that rats would return. Removing the animals was only the first step; scientists and communities must continue watching how native species respond. Biosecurity after removal is essential because one animal arriving on a boat or shipment can begin the problem again, making prevention part of long-term restoration. The project is also linked to climate resilience. Healthier island ecosystems can better support seabirds, vegetation and coastal processes. In this case, protecting biodiversity is not separate from protecting the future of island communities. For low-lying island communities, vegetation and healthy wildlife populations can also contribute to soil stability, fisheries and cultural life, linking conservation with everyday resilience. 1．Why can rats cause especially serious damage on islands? A．Rats can live only on islands. B．All island plants depend on rats. C．Island species may have evolved without mammal predators. D．Island birds are larger than mainland birds. 2．What was important about the Tuvalu project? A．It was led locally with support from wider partners. B．It depended only on foreign scientists. C．It stopped all monitoring after rats were removed. D．It moved native birds away from the islands. 3．Why is continued monitoring necessary? A．To make the islands less suitable for native plants. B．To increase the number of invasive rats. C．To replace local communities with researchers. D．To see whether native ecosystems recover and prevent reinvasion. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage? A．Why Islands Need More Predators B．When Removing One Invader Helps an Island Recover C．The Fastest Way to Build a City D．A Plan to Replace Native Wildlife 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍图瓦卢清除入侵鼠类的岛屿修复项目，说明岛屿生态系统对外来捕食者十分敏感，并强调本地领导、技术支持和长期监测的重要性。 1．第二段指出许多岛屿物种在没有哺乳动物捕食者的环境中进化。故选C。 2．第三段明确指出项目结合local leadership与technical support。故选A。 3．移除只是第一步，还要观察本地物种恢复并防止再次入侵。故选D。 4．全文围绕清除入侵鼠类帮助岛屿生态恢复展开。故选B。 Passage 2 Bees are small animals with an enormous ecological role. For World Bee Day 2025, FAO highlighted the importance of 1.________ (pollinate) to food systems and biodiversity. More than 20,000 bee species are known worldwide, and together with butterflies, birds, bats and other animals, they form 2.________ vital link between flowering plants and the next generation of seeds and fruit. Nearly 90% of wild flowering plant species depend at least partly 3.________ animal pollination. A healthy field or woodland, 4.________ may look quiet to us, can contain many such relationships. For farmers, this ecological service affects both crop yields and the diversity of food available. In some places, pollinator numbers 5.________ (decline) as habitats have been lost or simplified. Farmers and communities can respond by 6.________ (protect) nesting sites and planting a wider range of flowering plants. The more diverse the habitat is, the 7.________ (resilient) the pollinator community may become. Beekeeping can also support rural livelihoods when it is managed 8.________ (sustainable). Wild pollinators, however, 9.________ (threaten) by climate change, pollution and harmful land-use practices. Protecting them matters 10.________ crop production and natural ecosystems are connected through the same network of life. 【答案】1. pollination 2. a 3. on 4. which 5. have declined 6. protecting 7. more resilient 8. sustainably 9. are threatened 10. because 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章依据FAO 2025年世界蜜蜂日材料介绍传粉者对粮食生产和生态系统的重要性，10个设空覆盖不同语法功能，连接词和关系词不重复设考。 1. 考查词性转换。介词of后需要名词作宾语，pollinate的名词形式为pollination。故填pollination。 2. 考查冠词。link为可数名词单数，vital以辅音音素开头，此处表示“一个重要纽带”，故填a。 3. 考查介词。depend on为固定搭配，意为“依赖于”，故填on。 4. 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词A healthy field or woodland指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。 5. 考查动词时态。句意强调一些地区传粉者数量已经下降并影响到现在，且主语numbers为复数，故填have declined。 6. 考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词，表示“通过保护……”，故填protecting。 7. 考查形容词比较级。“the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...”表示“越……越……”，故填more resilient。 8. 考查副词。空处修饰动词managed，应用sustainable的副词形式sustainably。故填sustainably。 9. 考查动词语态。主语Wild pollinators与threaten之间为被动关系，且陈述一般事实，故填are threatened。 10. 考查原因状语从句。后句解释为什么保护传粉者重要，表示直接原因，故填because。 Passage 3 Counting wildlife is harder than it sounds. Many species are rare, active only at night or hidden under water. Traditional surveys can require cameras, traps or repeated visits by experts. 1.________ This means managers may know too little about a species until its decline is already advanced, especially in large rivers, lakes or coastal systems. Environmental DNA, usually called eDNA, offers another method. Animals and plants leave tiny genetic traces in water, soil and even air. Scientists can collect a sample and analyse the DNA to learn which species have recently been present. 2.________ Because a small sample can contain traces from several organisms, surveys can cover broad areas without repeatedly handling wildlife. This can be especially useful for fragile habitats. A water sample may reveal an endangered fish without researchers needing to catch it. eDNA can also help detect invasive species while their populations are still small. 3.________ That speed can matter when managers are deciding whether to close a pathway, search a new area or begin control before an invader becomes established. However, the method is not magic. A DNA signal may move with water, and a missing signal does not always prove a species is absent. Laboratories also need reliable reference databases and agreed methods so that results from different places can be compared. 4.________ Researchers therefore use eDNA alongside other evidence, such as direct observation, rather than assuming that one laboratory result tells the whole story. Researchers writing in Nature Reviews Biodiversity in 2025 argued that aquatic eDNA could become an important part of global biodiversity monitoring. If standards improve, it may help countries measure progress toward international conservation goals. 5.________ A common global approach could make local samples more useful by allowing results from different regions and years to be compared with greater confidence. A．For that reason, standardisation is as important as sensitivity. B．Traditional surveys can still provide details about population size and behaviour that DNA alone may not reveal. C．Because sampling can be non-invasive, it may reduce disturbance to the organisms being studied. D．Better biodiversity decisions depend on better information about what is actually living in an ecosystem. E．A positive DNA result, however, does not always show how many individuals are present. F．Early detection can give managers more time to act before an invader spreads widely. G．These difficulties can leave important gaps in our knowledge of biodiversity. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍环境DNA（eDNA）如何通过水、土壤或空气中的遗传痕迹监测物种，并说明其非侵入性、早期发现优势以及标准化要求。 1．前文列举传统调查困难，G项总结这些困难会造成知识缺口。故选G。 2．前文说明采样即可判断物种，C项说明非侵入性可减少干扰。故选C。 3．前文说可在入侵物种数量少时发现，F项说明早期发现争取行动时间。故选F。 4．本段强调解释限制和统一方法，A项总结标准化的重要性。故选A。 5．末段讨论eDNA帮助衡量国际保护目标，D项总结更好决策依赖更好信息。故选D。 Passage 4 Florida’s coral reefs experienced severe bleaching in 2023 as ocean temperatures rose unusually high. In 2025, NOAA and its partners announced a new phase of restoration designed not simply to replace lost coral, but to prepare reefs for a warmer future. The programme builds on lessons from earlier restoration work, including the need to respond more quickly after extreme heat events rather than waiting for slow natural recovery alone. One strategy is to identify corals that show greater heat tolerance and use them in restoration. Scientists are also trying to maintain genetic diversity, because a reef made from too few closely related corals may be less able to respond to disease or future environmental change. Teams can also store genetic material and track which colonies survive repeated heat stress, helping them avoid rebuilding reefs from a narrow genetic base. The work matters beyond the coral itself. Healthy reefs provide habitat for thousands of marine species and support local economies through fishing, tourism and coastal protection. NOAA estimates that Florida’s reefs are linked to billions of dollars in local sales and tens of thousands of jobs. Reefs weaken waves as they approach shore, so their loss can increase risks for coastal communities as well as reduce habitat and income. Researchers are careful, however, not to describe restoration as a complete solution to ocean warming. Planting stronger corals can buy time and rebuild damaged areas, but long-term reef survival also depends on reducing the pressures that caused the damage. Restoration can improve resilience at particular sites, but it works within the larger physical conditions of the ocean and cannot make those conditions irrelevant. 1．What is new about the restoration approach? A．It moves all coral into aquariums. B．It aims to prepare reefs for warmer conditions as well as replace coral. C．It uses only one genetically identical coral. D．It stops scientists from monitoring temperature. 2．Why is genetic diversity important? A．It makes every coral grow at exactly the same speed. B．It prevents all ocean temperatures from rising. C．It removes the need for habitat protection. D．It can increase the reef’s ability to respond to future threats. 3．Why does Paragraph 3 mention jobs and local sales? A．To show that reef health also affects human communities. B．To argue that coral is valuable only for tourism. C．To compare coral with city buildings. D．To prove restoration always makes money. 4．What warning does the final paragraph give? A．Coral restoration should be stopped immediately. B．Heat-tolerant coral can solve every ocean problem. C．Restoration helps, but it cannot replace action on the causes of damage. D．Only local businesses are responsible for reef loss. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章根据NOAA 2025年珊瑚修复项目，介绍耐热珊瑚和遗传多样性等新策略，同时强调生态修复不能替代对根本压力的治理。 1．第一段指出新阶段不只是替代珊瑚，还要prepare reefs for a warmer future。故选B。 2．第二段说明遗传多样性提高面对疾病和环境变化的适应能力。故选D。 3．第三段通过经济和就业数据说明珊瑚礁健康也影响人类社区。故选A。 4．末段明确说修复不是海洋变暖的complete solution。故选C。 Passage 5 For years, managers of a damaged wetland tried to keep the landscape tidy. Straight channels moved water away quickly, and fences kept grazing animals out. A new restoration team took a different approach, but it required 1.________. Before changing anything, the team 2.________ old maps, water records and local memories to understand how the area had functioned. Their goal was not to copy the past exactly. Instead, they wanted to restore ecological 3.________. They reopened several bends in the stream and allowed seasonal water to spread across low ground. Early results were 4.________, but the team did not claim success too soon. Residents had questions about access and mosquitoes, so staff took those concerns 5.________ and adjusted parts of the plan. What could have become conflict gradually turned into 6.________. Over time, plant communities became more 7.________, and survey teams 8.________ the return of several water birds. Even so, managers knew they had to 9.________ to new evidence. In some areas, invasive plants still needed direct 10.________. The project showed that “less control” did not mean 11.________. Human action was still 12.________ where a barrier prevented recovery, while other areas were allowed to change with less interference. The result was not a museum copy of an earlier landscape but a more 13.________ system. Local farmers also found opportunities for seasonal grazing and nature-based tourism, giving the project a stronger social 14.________. Restoration became most durable when science, patience and community interests could 15.________. 1. A．control B．patience C．speed D．certainty 2. A．copied B．ignored C．divided D．examined 3. A．processes B．borders C．products D．schedules 4. A．permanent B．immediate C．encouraging D．predictable 5. A．privately B．suddenly C．equally D．seriously 6. A．competition B．cooperation C．distance D．confusion 7. A．crowded B．silent C．varied D．narrow 8. A．recorded B．prevented C．doubted D．replaced 9. A．return B．respond C．object D．settle 10. A．arrival B．growth C．movement D．removal 11. A．freedom B．control C．neglect D．delay 12. A．necessary B．attractive C．expensive D．familiar 13. A．ancient B．simple C．empty D．resilient 14. A．boundary B．foundation C．signal D．reward 15. A．disappear B．compete C．align D．pause 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以湿地修复为情境，说明生态恢复需要证据、耐心、社区参与与持续调整。15个设空以语义和搭配为核心，选项词性保持一致并设置近义干扰。 1．考查名词。生态恢复需要较长时间，因此首先需要patience。故选B。 2．考查动词。团队在行动前查看并研究旧地图、记录和记忆，examined符合语境。故选D。 3．考查名词。restore ecological processes表示“恢复生态过程”，与后文水流恢复相呼应。故选A。 4．考查形容词。早期结果“令人鼓舞”但不足以宣布成功，encouraging最恰当。故选C。 5．考查副词。take concerns seriously为常见搭配，表示认真对待居民关切。故选D。 6．考查名词。通过沟通调整方案，潜在冲突转化为cooperation。故选B。 7．考查形容词。植物群落变得更加多样，varied符合语境。故选C。 8．考查动词。调查团队“记录到”水鸟回归，recorded与survey teams搭配自然。故选A。 9．考查动词。管理者需要根据新证据作出回应，respond to evidence符合语义。故选B。 10．考查名词。入侵植物仍需直接removal“清除”。故选D。 11．考查名词。“减少控制”不等于neglect“放任不管”。故选C。 12．考查形容词。在障碍阻止恢复的地方，人类干预仍然necessary。故选A。 13．考查形容词。能够吸收变化并继续运转的系统应是resilient“有韧性的”。故选D。 14．考查名词。社区生计机会为项目提供更强的社会foundation“基础”。故选B。 15．考查动词。科学、耐心与社区利益能够align“协调一致”时，修复更持久。故选C。 Passage 6 Conservation news is often dominated by decline, but a 2025 update of the IUCN Red List offered a striking example of recovery. The global green sea turtle moved from Endangered to Least Concern after decades of sustained conservation action. The reassessment drew on data from nesting beaches and other population indicators collected over many years, which made it possible to see a long-term trend rather than a short fluctuation. IUCN reported that the global population had increased by roughly 28% since the 1970s. Important actions included protecting nesting females and eggs, reducing unsustainable harvest, limiting illegal trade and using special fishing equipment to reduce accidental capture. These measures were combined across different parts of the turtles’ life cycle, showing why recovery usually depends on several protections rather than a single rule. The change in status does not mean every green turtle population is safe. Some local groups still face serious threats, and climate change is altering nesting beaches and ocean conditions. “Least Concern” describes the global extinction risk, not a promise that conservation can stop. Conservationists must still track local populations because a global category can hide serious decline in a particular nesting area or migration route. The recovery matters because green turtles are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems. It also provides evidence that long-term protection can change a species’ future. A delicate world can recover, but only when successful action continues long enough to matter. The case is encouraging precisely because the improvement took decades; it suggests that consistent protection can work even when results are not immediate. 1．What major change did IUCN report for the green sea turtle? A．It became extinct in the wild. B．Its population fell by 28%. C．All conservation programmes ended. D．Its global status improved from Endangered to Least Concern. 2．Which action helped the recovery? A．Protecting nesting females and eggs. B．Increasing illegal trade. C．Removing all fishing rules. D．Reducing nesting beaches. 3．Why does the author warn that conservation cannot stop? A．Least Concern means the species has no ecological role. B．The global population is falling everywhere. C．Some populations and habitats still face threats. D．Climate change helps every nesting beach. 4．What does the passage mainly show? A．Species status never changes once listed. B．Long-term conservation can produce measurable recovery. C．Only one action can save a species. D．Conservation works only on land. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章根据IUCN 2025年红色名录更新介绍绿海龟全球保护等级改善，说明长期保护能够产生可衡量的恢复，但改善并不意味着保护工作可以停止。 1．第一段明确指出green sea turtle从Endangered改善为Least Concern。故选D。 2．第二段列出protecting nesting females and eggs等措施。故选A。 3．第三段说明部分种群仍受威胁，气候变化也影响繁殖地。故选C。 4．全文通过绿海龟案例说明持续保护能够改变物种未来。故选B。 Passage 7 The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico protects one of the world’s most remarkable migrations. Millions of monarch butterflies travel across Canada, the United States and Mexico, linking ecosystems and communities across a continent. The journey spans thousands of kilometres, and no single protected area can safeguard all the breeding, feeding and resting sites used along the route. In 2025, UNESCO described work with communities in Michoacán to strengthen biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods around the reserve. The approach supports traditional productive activities, crafts and ecotourism while also encouraging research, education and community participation. Projects also work with residents who have practical knowledge of forests and local markets, so conservation plans can fit the social conditions around the reserve. This matters because people living near protected areas often depend on the same land and resources that conservation aims to protect. If local livelihoods become less secure, long-term protection can become harder. Community-based projects try to make conservation and economic well-being support each other. When communities can earn income from activities compatible with conservation, there is a stronger reason to maintain habitat over many years rather than seek short-term gains. The monarch itself is a powerful symbol of ecological connection. Its migration depends on suitable habitat in several countries. Protecting one stop is useful, but the whole journey requires cooperation across places. The butterfly’s route therefore turns conservation into a shared responsibility: changes in one country can affect a migration that people in two others also depend on. 1．Which three countries are linked by the monarch butterfly migration? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What kinds of local activities does UNESCO’s work support? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why are local livelihoods important for conservation? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the monarch butterfly symbolise in the final paragraph? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What wider lesson does the passage give about protected areas? ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. Canada, the United States and Mexico. 2. Traditional productive activities, crafts and ecotourism. 3. Because long-term protection is harder if nearby communities cannot maintain secure livelihoods. 4. Ecological connection across different places and countries. 5. Conservation works better when biodiversity protection and community well-being support each other. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍UNESCO在墨西哥帝王蝶生物圈保护区推动社区参与、生态旅游和传统生计的实践，强调保护区的长期成功需要自然保护与社区福祉相互支持。 1．第一段明确列出Canada, the United States and Mexico。 2．第二段列出traditional productive activities, crafts and ecotourism。 3．第三段指出社区生计不稳定会使长期保护更困难。 4．末段称monarch是ecological connection的symbol。 5．全文核心是让biodiversity conservation与local livelihoods相互支持。 Passage 8 Global biodiversity targets are useful only if countries can measure whether nature is actually improving. At the resumed COP16 biodiversity meeting in Rome in February 2025, governments agreed on a fuller set of indicators for tracking progress under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Without agreed indicators, a country might report activity without showing whether species, habitats or finance are actually moving in the desired direction. The indicators cover many kinds of action, from protected areas and ecosystem restoration to species status and finance. A common monitoring system helps countries compare progress over time and identify where action is falling behind. The framework includes headline and supporting measures so governments can report on both outcomes and the actions intended to produce them. COP16 also addressed invasive alien species, one of the major direct drivers of biodiversity loss. The decisions encouraged stronger international cooperation, better information systems and improved coordination around trade and other pathways through which invasive species can spread. Because goods and transport routes connect economies, preventing biological invasions often requires information to move across borders as quickly as the risks do. These agreements may sound less dramatic than saving one famous animal, but they are part of the same task. Protecting a delicate world requires both local action and a shared way to measure results. Without evidence, good intentions are difficult to turn into accountable progress. Monitoring does not replace conservation work; it makes that work visible, comparable and easier to adjust when evidence shows that a target is not being met. 1．Why are common biodiversity indicators important? A．They help countries measure and compare progress. B．They remove the need for local conservation. C．They guarantee every target will be achieved. D．They focus only on one famous species. 2．What problem related to invasive species did COP16 address? A．The need to introduce more alien species. B．The complete end of international trade. C．The need for stronger cooperation and information systems. D．The replacement of all protected areas. 3．What does “accountable progress” most nearly mean? A．Progress that depends only on promises. B．Progress that can be checked against evidence. C．Progress that cannot be measured. D．Progress made without any goals. 4．Which statement best summarizes the passage? A．Biodiversity can be protected without data. B．International agreements matter only for finance. C．Local projects should avoid global goals. D．Global conservation needs both action and reliable monitoring. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章根据CBD COP16 2025年罗马会议成果，说明全球生物多样性治理不仅需要保护行动，还需要共同指标、信息系统和可核查的监测机制。 1．第二段指出共同监测系统帮助比较进展并发现不足。故选A。 2．第三段说明COP16鼓励更强合作、更好的信息系统和贸易路径协调。故选C。 3．Without evidence说明accountable progress是能够依据证据检查的进展。故选B。 4．全文核心是全球保护既要行动也要可靠监测。故选D。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1.Human activities have made ____________________（生态系统恢复得更加困难）in some places.（it作形式宾语） 2.By protecting nesting beaches, people can ____________________（帮助海龟种群恢复）.（help + 宾语 + 动词原形） 3.____________________（由于入侵物种被清除）, native plants and birds may have a better chance to return.（with复合结构） 4.The monarch butterfly needs habitats in several countries, ____________________（这说明自然联系并不受国界限制）.（which引导非限制性定语从句） 5.We ____________________（有责任保护）the small species that keep ecosystems working.（owe it to...to do） 【答案】 1. it harder for ecosystems to recover 2. help turtle populations recover 3. With invasive species removed 4. which shows that ecological connections are not limited by national borders 5. owe it to nature to protect 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校将开展“Biodiversity Action Day”，负责人Ms Lee正在征集活动建议。请你结合本套外刊阅读内容，给她写一封邮件，建议设置“Pollinator Corner”和“Campus Nature Watch”两个项目。内容包括：1. 每个项目各设计一项具体活动；2. 说明活动目的或预期收获。 注意：1. 词数80-100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Ms Lee, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Biodiversity Action Day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these activities can help us care for the delicate world around us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Ms Lee, I'm writing to share some ideas for our Biodiversity Action Day. For Pollinator Corner, students can plant a small patch of native flowering plants and make signs explaining why bees and other pollinators matter. This can turn biodiversity protection into something visible on campus. For Campus Nature Watch, groups can record birds, insects and plants in different school areas, then compare the results and suggest one habitat improvement. We do not need expensive equipment; careful observation and repeated records can already teach us how monitoring supports conservation. I believe the two projects will connect knowledge, action and long-term responsibility. I hope these activities can help us care for the delicate world around us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua $