精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高三年级12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估英语试题

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deposit-return scheme to fight plastic problem The UK Government has announced plans for a new recycling scheme (计划) in England: People who buy single-use bottles and cans should pay a small deposit (amount of money), which will be returned to ____1____ when they take the empty bottles and cans to specially set up recycling-collection points. The UK suffers from ____2____ is known as a throwaway culture, where many people consider everything to be disposable and don’t think about what happens to all the rubbish. Politicians hope that a deposit-return scheme will encourage more people ____3____ (recycle) and cut the amount of waste that ends up in landfill or dropped on the streets. Schemes like this have already been a big success in countries such as Germany, Israel, Sweden and the US, ____4____ people receive the equivalent of between eight and 22 percent per bottle or can that they return. A similar deposit-return scheme was announced in Scotland in September 2017. Recycling rates in Wales are ____5____ the best in the world and Welsh ministers are considering whether a deposit-return scheme could make a difference there. There ____6____ (already be) a big shift in people’s perception of plastic waste. Last year, BBC One’s Blue Planet II series highlighted the huge problems that plastic pollution creates in the oceans. Not only are chemicals in plastics harmful to marine life, but animals can also get trapped in rubbish, ____7____ (cause) injuries and even death. ____8____ more people have become aware of the effect plastic has on the environment, reusable bottles and boxes have become popular. Since the 5p charge for carrier bags ____9____ (introduce) in England in October 2015, their use in the country has fallen by 83%. With luck, the _____10_____ (propose) deposit-return scheme will also make a difference. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. concerned B. contributes C. durable D. equal E. inaccurately F. infeasible G. promotes H. post-consumer I. repurposed J. ultimately K. unrecycled Think you know where your old plastic ends up? Once a week, you dutifully set out your bin full of recyclables for collection. You’re happy to do your part for the environment because plastic ____11____ to pollution and climate change. And while it has its good points — plastic is both lightweight and ____12____, saving fuel in transport — the best thing about it is that it’s easily recycled. Now, about that. In fact, over the past four decades, less than 10 percent of all plastic in the United States has been recycled. Some items are reused more than others. About 30 percent of used water, soda, and shampoo bottles are ____13____. But that still leaves 70 percent piling up in dumps, or worse. NPR, working with the PBS series Frontline, recently dug up reports sent to industry executives that called recycling plastic “costly...difficult... ____14____”. And this was way back in the 1970s and ’80s! “There was never an enthusiastic belief that recycling was ____15____ going to work in a significant way,” Lew Freeman, former vice president of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI), told NPR and Frontline. Though not much has changed since those reports were written, the plastics industry ____16____ recycling through ads and education. Why? Public Relations. “If the public thinks the recycling is working, then they’re not going to be as ____17____ about the environment,” says Larry Thomas, another former SPI executive. Communities have to do something with all that ____18____ plastic. That often means burning it with the rest of the trash. “About six times more ____19____ plastic waste is burned in the United States than is domestically recycled,” reports the Plastic Pollution Coalition, while the Center for International Environmental Law points out that producing and burning plastics will add more than 850 million metric tons of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere annually, “an amount _____20_____ to the emissions (排放) from 189 coal power plants.” That’s probably not what you’re thinking when you throw away your bottles. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. So far, to reduce congestion, cities have mainly tried a combination of discouraging driving and encouraging walking and cycling. Paris has ____21____ traffic from some streets, while Barcelona has received much international attention for its plan to organise the city into a series of “superblocks” — where cars are restricted to certain big roads, with streets in-between ____22____ pedestrian-only parks and playgrounds. But new technologies could bring more changes. Micromobility, including electric scooters and bikes, is seen as a potential solution to moving people more ____23____ around cities. Dozens of start-ups including Bird, Lime, Voi and Bolt have ____24____ cities with shared scooters that can be rented by the minute. In a survey, some 34 per cent of riders in Portland, Oregon, said they had used a scooter ____25____ driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi for their most recent ride. Scooter safety, however, is making city planners ____26____. Sweden’s transport agency is calling for electric scooters to be banned following the death of a man riding a Voi scooter in Helsingborg. For scooters to work, cities will have to ____27____ more safe pathways for them-possibly high above the city streets. Xiamen in south-east China, ____28____, has built a nearly 8km elevated cycle-way for bikes. BMW group and China’s Tongji University, meanwhile, have drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes above the streets for scooter and bike traffic. They say, several cities have expressed ____29____. Electric self-driving cars could also greatly change the ______30______ of cities. Such cars could change the way cities are laid out, says Willem Strijbosch, head of self-driving at Tom Tom, the mapping company. “It could ______31______ a lot of space. If the vast majority of transport is done by self-driving vehicles the streets could be narrower,” he says. Self-driving cars communicating with each other through a wireless network would be able to pass each other with centimeter ______32______. “You may be able to fit four lanes in where you previously had three. Traffic lights will be no longer needed. Cars will communicate by means of maps and will ______33______ right of way at crossings in a different way.” Public transport could become highly personalised, says Warwick Goodall, a partner at PA Consulting, who focuses on transport and mobility. “For the last century, transport has been about building train sets. The next decades of transport will be built around personal ______34______. That is why Uber and other ride-hailing services have grown so quickly — you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes. We will go from transport on ______35______ rails and routes to one that is highly personalised.” 21. A. removed B. increased C. brought D. heard 22. A. traded with B. turned into C. based upon D. mistaken for 23. A. naturally B. directly C. efficiently D. regularly 24. A. flooded B. designed C. presented D. struck 25. A. in spite of B. with regard to C. in addition to D. instead of 26. A. decide B. hesitate C. compete D. request 27. A. affect B. close C. guard D. create 28. A. even so B. for example C. in a word D. what’s more 29. A. concern B. frustration C. surprise D. interest 30. A. look B. role C. centre D. economy 31. A. call for B. use up C. free up D. make for 32. A. length B. width C. precision D. scale 33. A. figure out B. hand over C. stand for D. relate to 34. A. behaviours B. needs C. feelings D. methods 35. A. varied B. old C. fixed D. new Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Our environments can affect the way we feel. This is not a new concept. Recently, scientific research concluded that the design of healthcare environments could support patients in their recovery. Increasingly, however, it is our homes that are being seen as places we can improve our wellness. A new approach to interior design suggests that many of us now care less about how our homes look and more about how they make us feel. How we feel can be influenced by a number of different things, including the furniture and objects within our homes and how these are arranged. For example, “to create warmth and the ability to connect with others, we want our furniture facing each other”, says Lindsay T. Graham, a personality and social psychologist. Smaller objects, too, have a lot of power, according to Monica Khemsurov, one of the founders of online design magazine Sight Unseen. Whether it’s something an old friend made for us or a souvenir purchased while travelling, objects allow us to relive those important moments or feel closer to people we love at a glance. It makes sense, therefore, that taking a more active approach to where we place objects in our home, can affect our mood. Other elements that help create a personal space that makes you feel good include the type of lighting, the use of color and texture, as well as bringing nature into the home. “Plants and natural materials, particularly unpainted wood, are really great for keeping our stress levels in check”, says environmental psychologist Sally Augustin. And controlling stress levels can also be helped by making sure our workspace and any clutter are hidden from sight when we want to feel calm, for example, during our night-time routine before going to bed. However we choose to adjust our living spaces to improve wellness, the final tip from the experts is to not treat our homes as a museum. Instead, we should see them as unique and constantly changing — just like us. 36. Which of the following factors is most likely to influence how we feel at home? A. Where the furniture is made. B. The arrangement of furniture items. C. Whether our rooms face south. D. The number of souvenirs we have. 37. Why do small objects in our home matter to us? A. They help bring back our memories. B. They help us get to know more people. C. They are usually gifts from our old friends. D. They remind us of those common moments. 38. According to Sally Augustin, which of the following can make you feel good in your own space? A. Avoiding artificial lighting. B. Studying gardening techniques. C. Wearing light-colored pajamas. D. Using furniture made of natural materials. 39. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Our home should be viewed as a museum. B. We need often to change how our living spaces look. C. The practice of feng shui is widely accepted on a global scale. D. We should consult a psychologist when we decorate our home. (B) A postcard is a lovely way to share your thoughts and greetings with someone while you’re traveling or simply want to reach out and connect. Below is a detailed set of instructions outlining the process of composing a postcard: (1) Select a postcard: Choose a postcard that represents the place you’re visiting or one that has a design that agrees with your message. (2) Address the recipient: Start by writing the recipient’s name on the left side of the postcard. You can include their full name or just their first name, depending on your relationship with them. (3) Add an opening greeting: Begin the message with a friendly greeting, such as “Dear”, “Hi”, or “Hello”. Use the recipient’s name if you have a close relationship with them. (4) Write a concise message: Keep your message brief and focus on the highlights of your trip or the purpose of your communication. Here are a few ideas to get you started: Describe the sights and experiences: Share a few interesting details about the places you’ve visited, the activities you’ve enjoyed, or any unique experiences you’ve had. Express your thoughts and feelings: Share your impressions, emotions, or reflections about the location, the people you’ve met, or the overall atmosphere. Share a funny or memorable event: If something amusing or noteworthy happened during your trip, include it to make the postcard more engaging. Extend warm wishes: Convey your best wishes or send greetings for a specific occasion like a birthday or holiday. Show the recipient that you’re thinking of them. (5) Sign off: End your postcard with a closing remark and your name. You can use phrases like “Best regards”, “Warm wishes”, or “Thinking of you”. Remember to sign your name below the closing. (6) Optional: Add a postscript (P.S.): If you have any additional thoughts, trivia, or recommendations, you can include a P.S. below your signature. It’s a great way to add a personal touch to your postcard. Remember, the charm of a postcard lies in its simplicity and personal touch. Enjoy the process of writing and sharing your message, and let the recipient know they are in your thoughts wherever you may be. 40. The passage is mainly intended to _______. A. tell readers how to write a postcard B. comment on the value of postcards C. give an example of a charming postcard D. encourage readers to compose more postcards 41. According to the writer, what must be included in a postcard? A. A postscript. B. A future plan. C. What you like most about the trip. D. What you regret in the trip. 42. According to the writer, which of the following is true of a postcard? A. It has to be written in an amusing way. B. It should include an invitation to the recipient. C. It must have the image of the place you’re visiting. D. It ought to incorporate an individualized connection. (C) Draw a line across a page, and write on it what you had for dinner yesterday and what you plan to eat tomorrow. If you come from pretty much any European country, you no doubt wrote last night’s meal to the left of tomorrow night’s because we construct mental timelines to represent and reason about time, and most people in the West think of the past as on the left, and the future as on the right. Arnaud Saj at the University of Geneva and his colleagues wondered whether the ability to create a mental timeline is a necessary part of reasoning about events in time. They found seven Europeans with left hemisphere neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the left-hand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face. The team also found seven volunteers who had damage to the right side of their brain but didn’t have hemispatial neglect, and seven people with undamaged brains. All the volunteers took part in memory tests. First, they learned about a fictional man called David. They were shown pictures of what David liked to eat 10 years ago, and what he might like to eat in 10 years’ time. Participants were then shown drawings of 10 of David’s favourite foods, plus four food items they hadn’t seen before. Participants had to say whether it was a food that David liked in the past or might like in the future. The tests were repeated with items in David’s apartment. People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David’s past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistakes about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future. It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says Saj, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side. Together these results suggest that the ability to represent space in the mind’s eye is vital to our ability to remember and reason about events that occur along that timeline. “It gives us an understanding of the representation of time in humans,” says Saj. His team will now investigate how people with spatial neglect represent their own understanding of space and time. “They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them,” he says. Saj’s team will test whether these people experience a compression of “personal time”. 43. People with left hemisphere neglect are most likely to ________. A. use their left hands more often than right hands B. start reading from the right side of the page C. ignore numbers on the left side of a clock D. shave just the left side of the face 44. What does Arnaud Saj imply about people with right hemisphere neglect? A. Their understanding of time is different from others. B. They are likely to assign the future events to the past. C. They have little trouble reasoning about events in time. D. Their ability to represent space has been greatly affected. 45. The word “compression” (in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to ________. A. saving B. dividing C. forgetting D. shortening 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Past may well be very vague if your right side of the brain is faulty. B. Right hemisphere neglect is a rare condition among people from the West. C. The brain areas that help understand space and time are close to each other. D. The ability to remember time has something to do with where you are from. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Bad Dreams Are Good. What are dreams for? There are a handful of theories. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and enhance memories, or make sense of random neuron (神经元) activity, or practise responding to threatening situations. Despite being largely supported by evidence, Freud’s view maintains a strong following around the world. Researchers found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to support better-substantiated theories. ____47____ In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. ____48____ The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night. Anxiety is quite common: A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. Fears show up as well: being paralyzed (麻痹的) with fear, or “wild, violent beasts.” If humans are sounder sleepers than animals, can we have evolved to practise our fears and anxieties in dreams, each a safe rehearsal for the real thing? ____49____ So the next time you dream about an education-related scenario in which you are both failing and being chased, don’t worry: It’s probably totally meaningless. ____50____ A. Then again, your brain might be practicing so you’ll be ready if such an event ever comes to pass. B. Relatedly, people put great stock in their dreams. C. The dreamiest member of the animal kingdom logs up to eight hours of REM sleep a day. D. Even if dreams can’t foretell the future, they seem to expose our shared emotions. E. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function at all. F. But those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn’t. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Air Pollution: How to Protect Yourself Breathing in highly polluted air can have severe consequences. In 2018, Public Health England declared that “poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to public health in the UK”. Many people will benefit from reducing their exposure to pollutants. The best long-term plan is to try to clean up the air on a global scale, but that will take a large investment of time and money. So what can we do to protect ourselves? The best way to avoid air pollution is simply to breathe clean air. While many of us can’t uproot and move to the countryside, we can at least keep track of the air quality around us. Online real-time air quality maps, like aqicn.org, use data from monitoring sites around the world to track Air Quality Index (AQI). As well as the raw data, the maps also provide colour-coded advice to help guide users. Though the data is limited by the locations of monitoring sites, the maps are still useful, especially for the most vulnerable. Some even provide a forecast. For more detailed data, consider a personal pollution monitor, but be aware that the Air Quality Expert Group advises that personal monitoring devices can’t provide accurate long-term data. If you live in London, consider checking the annual air pollution map for the least polluted streets and changing your route accordingly. The surgical-style mask is a common sight in heavily polluted cities. But in terms of blocking particulates (颗粒物), these masks are shockingly inefficient. Though they filter the air, there’s no effective seal around the edges, which vastly reduces their effectiveness. That’s not to say that wearing a mask isn’t worthwhile in general. A 2018 study from the Institute for Occupational Medicine in Edinburgh measured the efficacy of various consumer face masks and found that the key factor in reducing the inhaled particulates isn’t the mask’s filtration efficiency, but how well it fits. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这一幕让年轻的作曲家感受到了大自然的神奇。(enable) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 53. 能把内心的“真”在公开场合表达出来，这需要怎样的勇气? (take) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 54. 她报了“学说上海话”的课程，因为她认为要在上海长期生活，就该学会当地方言。(as) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 55. 所有春季新品将在这家餐厅的所有分店上市，让更多市民有机会品一品春天的“限定版”美食。(available) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份以历史为主题的英语杂志上看到一则征文通知，题目为 “If I could go back to the past...”。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括： 1) 你最想生活在过去的哪一段时间； 2) 你的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科12月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deposit-return scheme to fight plastic problem The UK Government has announced plans for a new recycling scheme (计划) in England: People who buy single-use bottles and cans should pay a small deposit (amount of money), which will be returned to ____1____ when they take the empty bottles and cans to specially set up recycling-collection points. The UK suffers from ____2____ is known as a throwaway culture, where many people consider everything to be disposable and don’t think about what happens to all the rubbish. Politicians hope that a deposit-return scheme will encourage more people ____3____ (recycle) and cut the amount of waste that ends up in landfill or dropped on the streets. Schemes like this have already been a big success in countries such as Germany, Israel, Sweden and the US, ____4____ people receive the equivalent of between eight and 22 percent per bottle or can that they return. A similar deposit-return scheme was announced in Scotland in September 2017. Recycling rates in Wales are ____5____ the best in the world and Welsh ministers are considering whether a deposit-return scheme could make a difference there. There ____6____ (already be) a big shift in people’s perception of plastic waste. Last year, BBC One’s Blue Planet II series highlighted the huge problems that plastic pollution creates in the oceans. Not only are chemicals in plastics harmful to marine life, but animals can also get trapped in rubbish, ____7____ (cause) injuries and even death. ____8____ more people have become aware of the effect plastic has on the environment, reusable bottles and boxes have become popular. Since the 5p charge for carrier bags ____9____ (introduce) in England in October 2015, their use in the country has fallen by 83%. With luck, the _____10_____ (propose) deposit-return scheme will also make a difference. 【答案】1. them 2. what 3. to recycle 4. where 5. among 6. has already been 7. causing 8. As 9. was introduced 10. proposed 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍英国政府计划在英格兰推行押金返还回收方案来应对塑料污染问题，介绍该方案的运行方式、其他国家实施经验以及民众塑料环保意识的变化。 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：购买一次性瓶罐的人需要支付少量押金，当他们将空瓶罐送到专门设立的回收点时，这笔押金将会返还给他们。介词to后面接人称代词宾格，此处指代前面的People，所以此处为代词them。 【2题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：英国饱受所谓一次性文化的困扰，许多人认为所有东西都是一次性的，不去思考这些垃圾最终的去向。此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：政客们希望押金返还方案能够鼓励更多人进行回收利用，减少最终填埋或丢弃在街道上的垃圾数量。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，所以此处为to recycle作宾补。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这类方案在德国、以色列、瑞典和美国等国家已经大获成功，在这些地方，人们每归还一个瓶罐就能获得相当于其价格百分之八至二十二的金额。先行词指国家，在非限制性定语从句中充当地点状语，所以用关系副词where。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：威尔士的回收率位居世界前列，威尔士的官员正在考虑押金返还方案是否能在当地产生效果。介词among意为“在……之中”，among the best意为“位列最好的群体之中”，所以此处为介词among。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：人们对于塑料垃圾的看法已经发生巨大转变。there be句型，根据already可知使用现在完成时，shift为单数，所以谓语动词为has already been。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：塑料中的化学物质不仅会危害海洋生物，动物还可能被垃圾缠住，造成受伤甚至死亡。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，cause与前面整件事情之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：随着更多人意识到塑料对环境造成的影响，可重复使用的瓶子和盒子开始流行起来。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，所以用连词as，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【9题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：自从2015年10月英格兰开始对塑料袋征收5便士费用以来，该国塑料袋使用量下降了83%。此处为谓语动词，主语the 5p charge和introduce之间是被动关系，时间为2015年，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以谓语动词为was introduced。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的话，这项被提议的押金返还方案也将会带来改变。此处修饰名词deposit-return scheme，propose与scheme之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语，proposed意为“被提议的”。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. concerned B. contributes C. durable D. equal E. inaccurately F. infeasible G. promotes H. post-consumer I. repurposed J. ultimately K. unrecycled Think you know where your old plastic ends up? Once a week, you dutifully set out your bin full of recyclables for collection. You’re happy to do your part for the environment because plastic ____11____ to pollution and climate change. And while it has its good points — plastic is both lightweight and ____12____, saving fuel in transport — the best thing about it is that it’s easily recycled. Now, about that. In fact, over the past four decades, less than 10 percent of all plastic in the United States has been recycled. Some items are reused more than others. About 30 percent of used water, soda, and shampoo bottles are ____13____. But that still leaves 70 percent piling up in dumps, or worse. NPR, working with the PBS series Frontline, recently dug up reports sent to industry executives that called recycling plastic “costly...difficult... ____14____”. And this was way back in the 1970s and ’80s! “There was never an enthusiastic belief that recycling was ____15____ going to work in a significant way,” Lew Freeman, former vice president of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI), told NPR and Frontline. Though not much has changed since those reports were written, the plastics industry ____16____ recycling through ads and education. Why? Public Relations. “If the public thinks the recycling is working, then they’re not going to be as ____17____ about the environment,” says Larry Thomas, another former SPI executive. Communities have to do something with all that ____18____ plastic. That often means burning it with the rest of the trash. “About six times more ____19____ plastic waste is burned in the United States than is domestically recycled,” reports the Plastic Pollution Coalition, while the Center for International Environmental Law points out that producing and burning plastics will add more than 850 million metric tons of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere annually, “an amount _____20_____ to the emissions (排放) from 189 coal power plants.” That’s probably not what you’re thinking when you throw away your bottles. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. I 14. F 15. J 16. G 17. A 18. K 19. H 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍塑料回收的真实现状，塑料行业早已知回收困难却仍宣传回收维护公关。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：每周你都会尽责地把装满可回收物的垃圾桶放到外面等待收集，你愿意为环境尽自己一份力，因为塑料会加剧污染与气候变化。根据“to pollution and climate change”可知，塑料会促成污染，此处表示“促成”，用contributes。主语plastic为单数，contributes to为固定搭配. 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然塑料存在优点——质地轻便并且经久耐用，可以节约运输燃料，但人们认为它最大的优势就是易于回收。空处和lightweight并列作表语，用形容词，根据前文介绍塑料的优势可知，此处表示“耐用的”，用durable。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：有些物品的再利用率更高，大约30%使用过的水瓶、汽水瓶以及洗发水瓶都被重新改造利用。本句为被动语态，根据下文“But that still leaves 70 percent piling up in dumps”可知，一部分塑料瓶能够被再次加工使用，此处表示“被重新利用”，用repurposed。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：美国国家公共电台联合PBS纪录片栏目，找到了提交给行业高管的报告，报告称塑料回收“成本高昂……难度大……不可行”。空处和costly、difficult并列，用形容词，根据并列词汇描述回收的弊端可知，此处表示“不可行的”，用infeasible。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：早在20世纪七八十年代，行业内部就有这样的报告，塑料行业协会前副总裁Lew Freeman向NPR和Frontline表示，“从来没有人坚定地相信回收最终能大规模发挥作用。”空处修饰动词短语going to work，用副词，根据上下文几十年前行业就对回收前景不看好可知，此处表示“最终”，用ultimately。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管这些报告撰写之后情况没有发生太大变化，但塑料行业依旧通过广告和科普宣传推广回收。主语the plastics industry为单数，根据下文“If the public thinks the recycling is working”可知，行业对外宣传回收，此处表示“推广”，用promotes。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一位塑料行业协会前高管Larry Thomas说道，“如果公众认为回收能起作用，那么他们就不会如此担忧环境。”根据“If the public thinks the recycling is working”，可知，公众知晓回收有效就会减少对环境的担心，所以此处为be concerned about，表示“担忧的”，用concerned。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：社区必须想办法处理所有这些未被回收的塑料，而处理方式往往是将它和其他垃圾一起焚烧。空处修饰名词plastic，用形容词，根据后文“That often means burning it with the rest of the trash”可知，这部分塑料没有被回收，只能焚烧，此处表示“未被回收的”，用unrecycled。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：塑料污染联盟称，“在美国，被焚烧的消费后塑料垃圾大约是本土回收量的六倍”，同时国际环境法中心指出，生产和焚烧塑料每年会向大气排放超8.5亿吨温室气体，“这一排放量等同于189座燃煤发电厂的排放。”空处修饰plastic waste，post-consumer plastic为固定表达，指代人们使用之后产生的塑料废弃物，此处表示“消费后的”，用post-consumer。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：塑料污染联盟称，“在美国，被焚烧的消费后塑料垃圾大约是本土回收量的六倍”，同时国际环境法中心指出，生产和焚烧塑料每年会向大气排放超8.5亿吨温室气体，“这一排放量等同于189座燃煤发电厂的排放。”根据“to the emissions (排放) from 189 coal power plants.”可知，此处表示“相等的”，equal to为固定搭配，用equal。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. So far, to reduce congestion, cities have mainly tried a combination of discouraging driving and encouraging walking and cycling. Paris has ____21____ traffic from some streets, while Barcelona has received much international attention for its plan to organise the city into a series of “superblocks” — where cars are restricted to certain big roads, with streets in-between ____22____ pedestrian-only parks and playgrounds. But new technologies could bring more changes. Micromobility, including electric scooters and bikes, is seen as a potential solution to moving people more ____23____ around cities. Dozens of start-ups including Bird, Lime, Voi and Bolt have ____24____ cities with shared scooters that can be rented by the minute. In a survey, some 34 per cent of riders in Portland, Oregon, said they had used a scooter ____25____ driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi for their most recent ride. Scooter safety, however, is making city planners ____26____. Sweden’s transport agency is calling for electric scooters to be banned following the death of a man riding a Voi scooter in Helsingborg. For scooters to work, cities will have to ____27____ more safe pathways for them-possibly high above the city streets. Xiamen in south-east China, ____28____, has built a nearly 8km elevated cycle-way for bikes. BMW group and China’s Tongji University, meanwhile, have drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes above the streets for scooter and bike traffic. They say, several cities have expressed ____29____. Electric self-driving cars could also greatly change the ______30______ of cities. Such cars could change the way cities are laid out, says Willem Strijbosch, head of self-driving at Tom Tom, the mapping company. “It could ______31______ a lot of space. If the vast majority of transport is done by self-driving vehicles the streets could be narrower,” he says. Self-driving cars communicating with each other through a wireless network would be able to pass each other with centimeter ______32______. “You may be able to fit four lanes in where you previously had three. Traffic lights will be no longer needed. Cars will communicate by means of maps and will ______33______ right of way at crossings in a different way.” Public transport could become highly personalised, says Warwick Goodall, a partner at PA Consulting, who focuses on transport and mobility. “For the last century, transport has been about building train sets. The next decades of transport will be built around personal ______34______. That is why Uber and other ride-hailing services have grown so quickly — you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes. We will go from transport on ______35______ rails and routes to one that is highly personalised.” 21. A. removed B. increased C. brought D. heard 22. A. traded with B. turned into C. based upon D. mistaken for 23. A. naturally B. directly C. efficiently D. regularly 24. A. flooded B. designed C. presented D. struck 25. A. in spite of B. with regard to C. in addition to D. instead of 26. A. decide B. hesitate C. compete D. request 27. A. affect B. close C. guard D. create 28. A. even so B. for example C. in a word D. what’s more 29. A. concern B. frustration C. surprise D. interest 30. A. look B. role C. centre D. economy 31. A. call for B. use up C. free up D. make for 32. A. length B. width C. precision D. scale 33. A. figure out B. hand over C. stand for D. relate to 34. A. behaviours B. needs C. feelings D. methods 35. A. varied B. old C. fixed D. new 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍城市缓解拥堵的现有措施，分析电动微出行与自动驾驶汽车两类新技术对城市交通带来的多重变革。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：巴黎已经禁止部分街道通行机动车，而巴塞罗那因一项规划城市为一系列“超级街区”的方案广受国际关注，在超级街区内，机动车仅能在主干道行驶，街区之间的小路则被改造为仅供行人使用的公园与活动场地。A. removed移除；B. increased增加；C. brought带来；D. heard听说。根据后文“where cars are restricted to certain big roads”可知，巴黎将车流从部分街道清走以缓解拥堵。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：巴黎已经禁止部分街道通行机动车，而巴塞罗那因一项规划城市为一系列“超级街区”的方案广受国际关注，在超级街区内，机动车仅能在主干道行驶，街区之间的小路则被改造为仅供行人使用的公园与活动场地。A. traded with与……交易；B. turned into转变为；C. based upon基于；D. mistaken for误认为。根据前文“cars are restricted to certain big roads”以及后文“pedestrian-only parks and playgrounds.”可知，内部街道不再通车，转变为行人专属区域。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：微型交通工具包括电动滑板车与自行车，被视作能让市民在城市内更高效出行的潜在方案。A. naturally自然地；B. directly直接地；C. efficiently高效地；D. regularly定期地。根据前文“to reduce congestion”以及“Micromobility, including electric scooters and bikes”可知，治理城市拥堵，小型代步工具可以提升出行效率、缓解堵车。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：包括Bird、Lime、Voi和Bolt在内的数十家初创企业向各大城市投放了大量可按分钟租赁的共享电动滑板车。A. flooded涌入、充斥；B. designed设计；C. presented呈现；D. struck撞击。根据后文“shared scooters that can be rented by the minute”可知，各类共享滑板车铺满城市各处。 【25题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：一项调查显示，俄勒冈州波特兰市约34%的使用者表示，他们最近一次出行选择滑板车，而非私家车、网约车或出租车。A. in spite of尽管；B. with regard to关于；C. in addition to除……之外；D. instead of代替、而不是。根据后文“driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi”可知，滑板车替代了传统机动车出行。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：但滑板车的安全隐患，让城市规划者犹豫不决。A. decide决定；B. hesitate犹豫；C. compete竞争；D. request要求。根据后文“the death of a man riding a Voi scooter”可知，出现致死事故，部分地区提议禁行，安全问题令规划者难以抉择。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：要让电动滑板车普及落地，城市必须为其修建更多安全专用通道 —— 通道或许可以修建在城市道路上空。A. affect影响；B. close关闭；C. guard守护；D. create修建、开辟。根据后文“has built a nearly 8km elevated cycle-way for bikes.”可知，厦门修建空中车道，城市需要开辟专属通路。 【28题详解】 考查短语。句意：比如中国东南部的厦门，就修建了一条近8公里的空中自行车专用道。A. even so即便如此；B. for example例如；C. in a word总而言之；D. what’s more此外。根据前文“.Xiamen in south-east China”可知，此处提出高空通道设想，列举厦门工程作为实例。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：企业称已有多座城市对此方案表达出兴趣。A. concern担忧；B. frustration沮丧；C. surprise惊讶；D. interest兴趣。根据前文“drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes”可知，不少城市愿意了解采纳该管网方案，对此感兴趣。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：电动自动驾驶汽车也会极大改变城市的整体面貌。A. look外观、样貌；B. role作用；C. centre中心；D. economy经济。根据后文“Such cars could change the way cities are laid out”可知，自动驾驶车辆会改变城市整体布局样貌。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：它能够腾出大量城市空间。A. call for需要；B. use up耗尽；C. free up腾出；D. make for促成。根据后文“the streets could be narrower”可知，道路可以修建得更窄，车道占用的空间会被释放出来。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过无线网络互通信息的自动驾驶车辆，能够以厘米级的精准度会车避让。A. length长度；B. width宽度；C. precision精准度；D. scale规模。根据前文“with centimeter”可知，厘米级体现车辆交互避让的操作精准程度极高。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：车辆依靠地图互通信息，并且会以全新方式判断路口的通行优先权。A. figure out弄清楚、判定；B. hand over移交；C. stand for代表；D. relate to与……相关。根据后文“right of way at crossings”可知，路口无红绿灯，车辆自主判定路权顺序。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：未来数十年的交通体系将以满足个人需求为核心搭建。A. behaviours行为；B. needs需求；C. feelings感受；D. methods方法。根据后文“you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes”可知，网约车贴合每个人的出行诉求。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们将从依托固定轨道与固定线路的交通模式，转向高度个性化的出行服务。A. varied多样的；B. old老旧的；C. fixed固定的；D. new崭新的。根据前文“rails and routes to one that is highly personalised”可知，传统火车拥有固定轨道、固定行驶路线，和后文个性化灵活出行形成对比。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Our environments can affect the way we feel. This is not a new concept. Recently, scientific research concluded that the design of healthcare environments could support patients in their recovery. Increasingly, however, it is our homes that are being seen as places we can improve our wellness. A new approach to interior design suggests that many of us now care less about how our homes look and more about how they make us feel. How we feel can be influenced by a number of different things, including the furniture and objects within our homes and how these are arranged. For example, “to create warmth and the ability to connect with others, we want our furniture facing each other”, says Lindsay T. Graham, a personality and social psychologist. Smaller objects, too, have a lot of power, according to Monica Khemsurov, one of the founders of online design magazine Sight Unseen. Whether it’s something an old friend made for us or a souvenir purchased while travelling, objects allow us to relive those important moments or feel closer to people we love at a glance. It makes sense, therefore, that taking a more active approach to where we place objects in our home, can affect our mood. Other elements that help create a personal space that makes you feel good include the type of lighting, the use of color and texture, as well as bringing nature into the home. “Plants and natural materials, particularly unpainted wood, are really great for keeping our stress levels in check”, says environmental psychologist Sally Augustin. And controlling stress levels can also be helped by making sure our workspace and any clutter are hidden from sight when we want to feel calm, for example, during our night-time routine before going to bed. However we choose to adjust our living spaces to improve wellness, the final tip from the experts is to not treat our homes as a museum. Instead, we should see them as unique and constantly changing — just like us. 36. Which of the following factors is most likely to influence how we feel at home? A. Where the furniture is made. B. The arrangement of furniture items. C. Whether our rooms face south. D. The number of souvenirs we have. 37. Why do small objects in our home matter to us? A. They help bring back our memories. B. They help us get to know more people. C. They are usually gifts from our old friends. D. They remind us of those common moments. 38. According to Sally Augustin, which of the following can make you feel good in your own space? A. Avoiding artificial lighting. B. Studying gardening techniques. C. Wearing light-colored pajamas. D. Using furniture made of natural materials. 39. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Our home should be viewed as a museum. B. We need often to change how our living spaces look. C. The practice of feng shui is widely accepted on a global scale. D. We should consult a psychologist when we decorate our home. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了环境如何影响我们的感受，尤其是家居环境对身心健康的作用，包括家具摆放、小物件的情感价值、灯光色彩与自然元素的运用，以及专家建议我们应将家视为不断变化的独特空间而非博物馆。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“How we feel can be influenced by a number of different things, including the furniture and objects within our homes and how these are arranged. (我们的感受会受到许多不同事物的影响，包括家中的家具和物品以及它们的摆放方式。)”可知，家具的摆放方式最可能影响我们在家中的感受。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether it's something an old friend made for us or a souvenir purchased while travelling, objects allow us to relive those important moments or feel closer to people we love at a glance. (无论是老朋友为我们制作的东西还是旅行时购买的纪念品，这些物品都能让我们重温那些重要的时刻，或者一眼就感觉与我们所爱的人更亲近。)”可知，小物件之所以重要，是因为它们能帮助我们唤起记忆。故选A项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Other elements that help create a personal space that makes you feel good include the type of lighting, the use of color and texture, as well as bringing nature into the home. “Plants and natural materials, particularly unpainted wood, are really great for keeping our stress levels in check”, says environmental psychologist Sally Augustin. (其他有助于营造让你感觉良好的个人空间的元素包括灯光类型、色彩和质感的运用，以及将自然带入家中。“植物和天然材料，特别是未上漆的木材，对控制我们的压力水平非常有效”，环境心理学家Sally Augustin说。)”可知，使用天然材料制成的家具能让人在自己的空间里感觉良好。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However we choose to adjust our living spaces to improve wellness, the final tip from the experts is to not treat our homes as a museum. Instead, we should see them as unique and constantly changing — just like us. (无论我们如何选择调整居住空间来改善健康，专家给出的最后建议是不要把我们的家当作博物馆。相反，我们应该把它们看作是独特的、不断变化的——就像我们自己一样。)”可推知，我们需要经常改变居住空间的样子，使其不断变化。 (B) A postcard is a lovely way to share your thoughts and greetings with someone while you’re traveling or simply want to reach out and connect. Below is a detailed set of instructions outlining the process of composing a postcard: (1) Select a postcard: Choose a postcard that represents the place you’re visiting or one that has a design that agrees with your message. (2) Address the recipient: Start by writing the recipient’s name on the left side of the postcard. You can include their full name or just their first name, depending on your relationship with them. (3) Add an opening greeting: Begin the message with a friendly greeting, such as “Dear”, “Hi”, or “Hello”. Use the recipient’s name if you have a close relationship with them. (4) Write a concise message: Keep your message brief and focus on the highlights of your trip or the purpose of your communication. Here are a few ideas to get you started: Describe the sights and experiences: Share a few interesting details about the places you’ve visited, the activities you’ve enjoyed, or any unique experiences you’ve had. Express your thoughts and feelings: Share your impressions, emotions, or reflections about the location, the people you’ve met, or the overall atmosphere. Share a funny or memorable event: If something amusing or noteworthy happened during your trip, include it to make the postcard more engaging. Extend warm wishes: Convey your best wishes or send greetings for a specific occasion like a birthday or holiday. Show the recipient that you’re thinking of them. (5) Sign off: End your postcard with a closing remark and your name. You can use phrases like “Best regards”, “Warm wishes”, or “Thinking of you”. Remember to sign your name below the closing. (6) Optional: Add a postscript (P.S.): If you have any additional thoughts, trivia, or recommendations, you can include a P.S. below your signature. It’s a great way to add a personal touch to your postcard. Remember, the charm of a postcard lies in its simplicity and personal touch. Enjoy the process of writing and sharing your message, and let the recipient know they are in your thoughts wherever you may be. 40. The passage is mainly intended to _______. A. tell readers how to write a postcard B. comment on the value of postcards C. give an example of a charming postcard D. encourage readers to compose more postcards 41. According to the writer, what must be included in a postcard? A. A postscript. B. A future plan. C. What you like most about the trip. D. What you regret in the trip. 42. According to the writer, which of the following is true of a postcard? A. It has to be written in an amusing way. B. It should include an invitation to the recipient. C. It must have the image of the place you’re visiting. D. It ought to incorporate an individualized connection. 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍写明信片的完整分步流程，讲解其核心特点与实用写作技巧。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Below is a detailed set of instructions outlining the process of composing a postcard:(以下是一套详细的说明，概述了写明信片的写作流程)”可知，全文核心目的是向读者系统讲解写明信片的具体方法。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据写作步骤第(4)条中“Write a concise message: Keep your message brief and focus on the highlights of your trip or the purpose of your communication.(撰写简洁信息：保持内容简短，聚焦你旅途的亮点或是你沟通的目的)”可知，写明信片时，你在旅途中最喜爱的亮点内容是必须涵盖的核心部分，其余选项均为非强制内容。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Remember, the charm of a postcard lies in its simplicity and personal touch.(记住，明信片的魅力就在于它的简洁和个性化特色)”可知，明信片应当融入个性化的情感联结，让收信人感受到专属的心意。 (C) Draw a line across a page, and write on it what you had for dinner yesterday and what you plan to eat tomorrow. If you come from pretty much any European country, you no doubt wrote last night’s meal to the left of tomorrow night’s because we construct mental timelines to represent and reason about time, and most people in the West think of the past as on the left, and the future as on the right. Arnaud Saj at the University of Geneva and his colleagues wondered whether the ability to create a mental timeline is a necessary part of reasoning about events in time. They found seven Europeans with left hemisphere neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the left-hand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face. The team also found seven volunteers who had damage to the right side of their brain but didn’t have hemispatial neglect, and seven people with undamaged brains. All the volunteers took part in memory tests. First, they learned about a fictional man called David. They were shown pictures of what David liked to eat 10 years ago, and what he might like to eat in 10 years’ time. Participants were then shown drawings of 10 of David’s favourite foods, plus four food items they hadn’t seen before. Participants had to say whether it was a food that David liked in the past or might like in the future. The tests were repeated with items in David’s apartment. People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David’s past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistakes about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future. It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says Saj, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side. Together these results suggest that the ability to represent space in the mind’s eye is vital to our ability to remember and reason about events that occur along that timeline. “It gives us an understanding of the representation of time in humans,” says Saj. His team will now investigate how people with spatial neglect represent their own understanding of space and time. “They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them,” he says. Saj’s team will test whether these people experience a compression of “personal time”. 43. People with left hemisphere neglect are most likely to ________. A. use their left hands more often than right hands B. start reading from the right side of the page C. ignore numbers on the left side of a clock D. shave just the left side of the face 44. What does Arnaud Saj imply about people with right hemisphere neglect? A. Their understanding of time is different from others. B. They are likely to assign the future events to the past. C. They have little trouble reasoning about events in time. D. Their ability to represent space has been greatly affected. 45. The word “compression” (in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to ________. A. saving B. dividing C. forgetting D. shortening 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Past may well be very vague if your right side of the brain is faulty. B. Right hemisphere neglect is a rare condition among people from the West. C. The brain areas that help understand space and time are close to each other. D. The ability to remember time has something to do with where you are from. 【答案】43. C 44. C 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍日内瓦大学Arnaud Saj团队的神经科学研究，证明人类对时间的理解与大脑的空间表征能力深度绑定。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They found seven Europeans with left hemisphere neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the left-hand side of space.(他们找到了七名患有左脑忽视症的欧洲人，这意味着他们的大脑右半球受损，导致他们难以察觉、识别并与空间左侧物体进行互动。)”可知，患有左侧空间忽视症的人最有可能忽略时钟左侧的数字。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says Saj, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side.(萨吉表示：“探究右侧空间忽视症患者是否在处理未来事件方面存在障碍会很有意思”，但这类症状较为罕见，因为负责空间表征的大脑区域主要位于大脑右侧。”)”可知，右空间忽视病例极少，目前没有证据表明他们处理时间事件有困难。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them(他们在医院里比其他人更不容易感到无聊，因为对他们来说时间似乎过得更快)”可知，这类病人感觉时间过得更快，所以他的团队要测试他们是否存在个人时间的缩短，compression的意思是“缩短”，和shortening意思相近。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David’s past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistakes about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future.(患有半侧空间忽视症的受试者记住的条目数量，和另外两组志愿者一样多。但在这些记忆内容当中，来自戴维 “过去” 的条目远少于来自他“未来”的条目。当条目内容属于过去时，他们也更容易出错。换句话说，半侧空间忽视症患者很难构想时间线的左侧，因此会把过去的事件归到未来里。)”结合这类患者是大脑右侧受损的描述。可知，右脑受损时，人们对过去的感知和记忆会变得非常模糊。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Bad Dreams Are Good. What are dreams for? There are a handful of theories. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and enhance memories, or make sense of random neuron (神经元) activity, or practise responding to threatening situations. Despite being largely supported by evidence, Freud’s view maintains a strong following around the world. Researchers found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to support better-substantiated theories. ____47____ In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. ____48____ The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night. Anxiety is quite common: A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. Fears show up as well: being paralyzed (麻痹的) with fear, or “wild, violent beasts.” If humans are sounder sleepers than animals, can we have evolved to practise our fears and anxieties in dreams, each a safe rehearsal for the real thing? ____49____ So the next time you dream about an education-related scenario in which you are both failing and being chased, don’t worry: It’s probably totally meaningless. ____50____ A. Then again, your brain might be practicing so you’ll be ready if such an event ever comes to pass. B. Relatedly, people put great stock in their dreams. C. The dreamiest member of the animal kingdom logs up to eight hours of REM sleep a day. D. Even if dreams can’t foretell the future, they seem to expose our shared emotions. E. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function at all. F. But those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn’t. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. E 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍关于梦的几种理论，重点探讨噩梦的意义。 【47题详解】 前文“Researchers found that students in the U.S, South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to support better-substantiated theories.(研究人员发现，美国、韩国和印度的学生更倾向于相信梦能揭示隐藏的真相，而非那些证据更充分的理论。)”点明大众普遍对梦境抱有较高的信任度，后文“In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack.(在同一项研究中，受访者表示，梦到飞机失事给他们带来的焦虑，比官方发布的恐怖袭击警告还要强烈。)”进一步说明梦境对人们情绪的强烈影响，B项“Relatedly, people put great stock in their dreams.(与此相关的是，人们非常重视自己的梦境。)”承接前文大众对梦境的信任态度，引出后文梦境对情绪的强烈作用，符合语境。 【48题详解】 后文“The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night. Anxiety is quite common: A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. Fears show up as well: being paralyzed (麻痹的) with fear, or “wild, violent beasts.”(大多数梦境都出现在快速眼动睡眠周期中，普通人每晚平均会经历四到五次快速眼动睡眠。焦虑类梦境十分常见：一项针对加拿大大学生的研究发现，最常出现的梦境主题是上学、坠落、被追赶、迟到。恐惧类梦境也很普遍：因恐惧浑身麻痹，或是梦到“野蛮凶猛的野兽”。)”整段都在介绍梦境中普遍存在的焦虑、恐惧类情绪，D项“Even if dreams can’t foretell the future, they seem to expose our shared emotions.(即使梦无法预知未来，它们似乎也能展现出我们共有的情绪。)”作为段首过渡句，承接前文人们对梦境的重视，引出后文各类共通的负面梦境情绪，符合语境。 【49题详解】 前文“If humans are sounder sleepers than animals, can we have evolved to practise our fears and anxieties in dreams, each a safe rehearsal for the real thing?(如果人类睡眠优于动物，我们是否进化出在梦里演练恐惧与焦虑的能力，把梦境当作现实危险的安全预演？)”提出梦具备进化层面演练恐惧功能的猜想，后文“So the next time you dream about an education-related scenario in which you are both failing and being chased, don’t worry: It’s probably totally meaningless.(所以下次你梦到和学业相关、既失败又被追赶的场景，不必担心：它或许毫无意义。)”提出梦境可能完全没有意义的观点。E项“Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function at all.(另一些人认为梦根本不具备进化功能。)”承接上文猜想，引出后文“梦境可能毫无意义”的观点，符合语境。 【50题详解】 前文“So the next time you dream about an education-related scenario in which you are both failing and being chased, don’t worry: It’s probably totally meaningless.(所以下次你梦到和学业相关、既失败又被追赶的场景，不必担心：它或许毫无意义。)”说明噩梦可能没有特殊含义，A项“Then again, your brain might be practicing so you’ll be ready if such an event ever comes to pass.(话说回来，你的大脑可能只是在进行演练，这样如果这类事件真的发生，你就能做好准备。)”用转折逻辑收尾全文，呼应文章标题“Bad Dreams Are Good”，点明噩梦的积极价值，符合语境。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Air Pollution: How to Protect Yourself Breathing in highly polluted air can have severe consequences. In 2018, Public Health England declared that “poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to public health in the UK”. Many people will benefit from reducing their exposure to pollutants. The best long-term plan is to try to clean up the air on a global scale, but that will take a large investment of time and money. So what can we do to protect ourselves? The best way to avoid air pollution is simply to breathe clean air. While many of us can’t uproot and move to the countryside, we can at least keep track of the air quality around us. Online real-time air quality maps, like aqicn.org, use data from monitoring sites around the world to track Air Quality Index (AQI). As well as the raw data, the maps also provide colour-coded advice to help guide users. Though the data is limited by the locations of monitoring sites, the maps are still useful, especially for the most vulnerable. Some even provide a forecast. For more detailed data, consider a personal pollution monitor, but be aware that the Air Quality Expert Group advises that personal monitoring devices can’t provide accurate long-term data. If you live in London, consider checking the annual air pollution map for the least polluted streets and changing your route accordingly. The surgical-style mask is a common sight in heavily polluted cities. But in terms of blocking particulates (颗粒物), these masks are shockingly inefficient. Though they filter the air, there’s no effective seal around the edges, which vastly reduces their effectiveness. That’s not to say that wearing a mask isn’t worthwhile in general. A 2018 study from the Institute for Occupational Medicine in Edinburgh measured the efficacy of various consumer face masks and found that the key factor in reducing the inhaled particulates isn’t the mask’s filtration efficiency, but how well it fits. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Breathing in highly polluted air poses severe health risks. We can find ways to protect ourselves from pollution. Tracking air quality through online maps is helpful, and personal pollution monitors provide detailed and temporary data, which enable us to choose a cleaner route. Surgical-style masks may not be highly effective, but a well-fitted mask can reduce inhaled particulates. 【解析】 【导语】本文指出空气污染危害巨大，介绍了普通人自我防护的办法，包括查询空气质量、更换出行路线以及选择贴合面部的口罩。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to public health in the UK. Many people will benefit from reducing their exposure to pollutants. ②While many of us can’t uproot and move to the countryside, we can at least keep track of the air quality around us. Online real-time air quality maps, like aqicn.org, use data from monitoring sites around the world to track Air Quality Index (AQI). As well as the raw data, the maps also provide colour-coded advice to help guide users. Though the data is limited by the locations of monitoring sites, the maps are still useful, especially for the most vulnerable. ③For more detailed data, consider a personal pollution monitor, but be aware that the Air Quality Expert Group advises that personal monitoring devices can’t provide accurate long-term data. If you live in London, consider checking the annual air pollution map for the least polluted streets and changing your route accordingly. ④The surgical-style mask is a common sight in heavily polluted cities. But in terms of blocking particulates (颗粒物), these masks are shockingly inefficient. ⑤A 2018 study from the Institute for Occupational Medicine in Edinburgh measured the efficacy of various consumer face masks and found that the key factor in reducing the inhaled particulates isn’t the mask’s filtration efficiency, but how well it fits. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点与总起结合，说明空气污染的健康风险；将第2要点进行总结概括；将第3、4个要点进行整合，将第5点进行概括。 3. 遣词造句 Breathing polluted air causes serious health problems. Using online maps helps us track air quality. Personal monitors provide detailed data but only for a short time. A well-fitted mask can reduce inhaled particulates effectively. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Tracking air quality through online maps is helpful, and personal pollution monitors provide detailed and temporary data, which enable us to choose a cleaner route. (运用which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Surgical-style masks may not be highly effective, but a well-fitted mask can reduce inhaled particulates. (用but连接转折关系的并列句) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这一幕让年轻的作曲家感受到了大自然的神奇。(enable) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This scene enabled the young composer to feel the magic of nature. 【解析】 【详解】“这一幕”为This scene ；“使某人能够做某事”固定搭配enable sb. to do sth；“年轻的作曲家”为the young composer；“感受到大自然的神奇”为to feel the magic of nature；句子描述发生过的场景，用一般过去时。 53. 能把内心的“真”在公开场合表达出来，这需要怎样的勇气? (take) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What courage does it take to express the “truth” in your heart in public? 【解析】 【详解】“做某事需要……”为固定句型it takes sth. to do sth； “把内心的‘真’表达出来”为to express the “truth” in your heart； “在公开场合”为in public； “怎样的勇气”为What courage。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。 54. 她报了“学说上海话”的课程，因为她认为要在上海长期生活，就该学会当地方言。(as) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She has signed up for the course “Learning Shanghai Dialect” as she believes that to live in Shanghai for a long time, it is necessary to learn the local dialect. 【解析】 【详解】“她”She；“报名”为 sign up for；“学说上海话的课程为the course “Learning Shanghai Dialect”；as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”；“她认为”为she believes that；“要在上海长期生活”为to live in Shanghai for a long time；“就该学会当地方言”为it is necessary to learn the local dialect；描述已发生的动作并对现在有影响，主句用现在完成时，从句陈述观点用一般现在时。 55. 所有春季新品将在这家餐厅的所有分店上市，让更多市民有机会品一品春天的“限定版”美食。(available) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】All the new spring products will be available at/in all the branches of this restaurant, giving more citizens the opportunity to taste the “limited edition” of spring cuisine. 【解析】 【详解】“所有春季新品”是主语，表示为all the new spring products；根据句意，可知描述将来的事情，用一般将来时，“上市、可获得”用be available，“在这家餐厅的所有分店”表示为at/in all the branches of this restaurant，作地点状语；“让更多市民有机会”表示为give more citizens the opportunity，用现在分词giving作结果状语，表自然而然的结果；固定短语the opportunity to do sth.，不定式作后置定语，“品一品”用taste，“春天的“限定版”美食”表示为the “limited edition” of spring cuisine，作taste的宾语。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份以历史为主题的英语杂志上看到一则征文通知，题目为 “If I could go back to the past...”。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括： 1) 你最想生活在过去的哪一段时间； 2) 你的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 If I could travel back in time, I would choose the Renaissance from the 14th to the 17th century, an age of cultural and intellectual boom in Europe. I’m drawn to its amazing artistic and intellectual achievements. I long to watch great artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo create masterpieces and learn about their inspiration. Besides, it saw remarkable scientific progress. Pioneers such as Galileo and Copernicus made revolutionary discoveries, shifting people from medieval ideas to rational, empirical thinking. I’m eager to witness these breakthroughs. What also attracts me is its social and cultural transformation. Humanism and individualism thrived then. I wish to join philosophical talks with outstanding thinkers and dive into lively intellectual debates. With splendid advances in art, science and culture, the Renaissance is truly a fascinating era worth exploring. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇文章投稿，说明你最想生活在过去的哪一段时间以及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 非凡的：remarkable → extraordinary 迷人的：fascinating → attractive 非常好的：splendid → magnificent 吸引：attract → appeal to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With splendid advances in art, science and culture, the Renaissance is truly a fascinating era worth exploring. 拓展句：The Renaissance, which has splendid advances in art, science and culture, is truly a fascinating era that is worth exploring. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If I could travel back in time, I would choose the Renaissance from the 14th to 17th century, an age of cultural and intellectual boom in Europe.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】What also attracts me is its social and cultural transformation.（运用了what引导主语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $