Unit 3 Family ties单元重点单词及词性转换分层必考100 题 2026-2027学年外研版年级上册英语
|
2份
|
15页
|
69人阅读
|
2人下载
内容正文:
外研版(新教材)七年级上册Unit 3 Family ties
单元重点词汇变形分层100题
学校:______________ 班级:______________ 姓名:______________
(考试时间:60分钟 满分:100分)
资料说明
整套词汇专项按基础识记→能力提升→综合拓展三层梯度划分,由浅入深,完整覆盖音、形、义、变形、语境全维度考点:
1. 基础识记(50分):内设音标写词、中文提示写词两类基础题型,先通过音标训练音形匹配,解决单词不会读、不会拼的难题;再结合中文释义巩固词义记忆,全覆盖单元核心四会单词,夯实拼写根基。
2. 能力提升(20分):词形转换专项,囊括名词单复数、词性转换、时态变化、形副词转换等高频易错考点,词汇语法结合,针对性突破变形失分点。
3. 综合拓展(30分):语境首字母填空,依托完整句子设置场景,考查单词辨析与固定搭配,训练学生结合上下文灵活运用词汇的能力。
第一部分:基础识记层级(50 分)
Ⅰ. 根据句意及音标提示写出单词(共15小题,每小题1分)
1. Cars and buses run fast on this wide ________ /rəʊd/ every day.
2. We often ________ /steɪ/ at home and watch TV on Sunday evenings.
3. Please ________ /pɪk/ some red apples from that tree and put them in the basket.
4. The mother gave her little baby a warm ________ /hʌɡ/ before bed.
5. The mother gave her baby a ________ /kɪs/ on the cheek and smiled.
6. We should take good ________ /keə/ of the young trees in the school garden.
7. My cousin ________ /sɜːv/ as a nurse in that hospital and works very hard.
8. Our head teacher is ________ /strɪkt/ with us, but we all know he is kind.
9. The sky is ________ /braɪt/ and the children are playing happily outside.
10. The library was ________ /'saɪlənt/ and everyone was reading quietly there.
11. The young man looks ________ /'hænsəm/ in that new black coat.
12. Some ________ /dɪ'ziːz/ can spread quickly, so we must keep our hands clean.
13. He ________ /rɪ'fjuːz/ the gift because he thought it was too expensive.
14. Air pollution in this city is becoming more ________ /'sɪəriəs/ than before.
15. This new engine can give a small car a lot of ________ /'paʊə/.
Ⅱ. 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词(共35小题,每小题1分)
1. The ________ (邮递员) comes to our village every morning with letters and newspapers.
2. Walk along this ________ (路) and you will see the post office on your left.
3. My uncle has one ________ (儿子) and two daughters, and they all live in Beijing.
4. We can ________ (停留) at that small hotel for one night before we go on.
5. The apples are ripe. Please ________ (挑选、摘取) them from the tree.
6. These boxes are too heavy. Can you ________ (搬运) them upstairs for me?
7. The little dog always ________ (跟随) my grandmother when she goes shopping.
8. The nurses look after the old people with great ________ (关心) every day.
9. Many visitors come to this ________ (地区) to see the old trees and clean rivers.
10. Long long ago, a ________ (女王) ruled that small country with kindness.
11. It is dangerous to climb the ________ (高山) alone in such cold weather.
12. Our class won the boat ________ (比赛) on the river last Friday.
13. The cat likes to ________ (隐藏) itself under the bed when strangers come.
14. The door was too heavy, so two men had to ________ (拉) it open together.
15. The old farmer walked ________ (穿过) the field to get to the other side.
16. My father is always busy, so he ________ (很少) has time to watch TV.
17. The classroom was ________ (不作声的) when the headmaster came in.
18. The children's ________ (欢快的) voices made the whole house full of life.
19. —Joe, who is this ________ (英俊的) man in the picture?
—Oh, he is my brother.
20. The traffic accident was quite ________ (严重的), and three people were hurt.
21. My cousin and her husband ________ (结婚) last spring, and now they have a baby.
22. The young waiter ________ (供职) in that small tea house near the park.
23. It ________ (重要) a lot to say "thank you" when others help you.
24. Our English teacher is very ________ (严格的) about our handwriting.
25. Jack was ________ (缺席的) from the football match because of a bad cold.
26. She ________ (拒绝) his invitation politely and went home by herself.
27. Please tell me the ________ (结果) of the singing competition this afternoon.
28. Good food and enough sleep are important for children's ________ (成长).
29. The old man has a heart ________ (疾病), so he must take medicine every day.
30. When the mother saw her son again, she gave him a warm ________ (拥抱).
31. The story of the poor girl and her dog was very ________ (感人的).
32. The father gave his little daughter a ________ (吻) on the forehead and left.
33. Her aunt is a famous ________ (女演员) and often appears on TV.
34. It's cold outside. You'd better ________ (换) your thin coat before going out.
35. This kind of engine can ________ (给……提供动力) a small car and make it run without petrol.
第二部分:能力提升层级(20 分)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(共20小题,每小题1分)
1. There are three ________ (postman) in our small town, and they work very hard.
2. My sister ________ (stay) at home on rainy days and reads books.
3. The young worker ________ (carry) heavy boxes from the truck to the supermarket every day.
4. He ________ (marry) his wife in a small church ten years ago.
5. The little boy ________ (hug) his mother and ran to school happily.
6. The little boy walked ________ (cross) the bridge and went into the park.
7. Lily has many happy ________ (memory) of her summer holiday in the countryside.
8. The little girl ________ (hide) behind the door, so nobody could see her.
9. My mother often tells me to be ________ (care) with my homework.
10. Eating too much sugar can cause many ________ (disease), so we should eat less.
11. Her aunt is a famous ________ (act), and she often appears on TV with many other stars.
12. His grandmother told us a ________ (touch) story about a poor little dog.
13. Everyone sat in ________ (silent) and listened to the teacher carefully.
14. Our P.E. teacher is ________ (strict) than any other teacher in our school.
15. The new library provides good ________ (serve) for all the students.
16. Nobody noticed his ________ (absent) from the meeting yesterday afternoon.
17. Enough sleep is very important for the ________ (grow) of children.
18. The sun is the ________ (bright) star in the sky, and it gives us light and heat.
19. The little girl was ________ (serious) ill, so her parents sent her to hospital at once.
20. China is becoming more and more ________ (power) in the world today.
第三部分:综合拓展层级(30 分)
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词(共30小题,每小题1分)
1. We walked a________ the bridge and got to the other side of the river.
2. The old man lives near the r________, so he can hear many cars every day.
3. Mr. Smith has two children. Tom is his s________, and Mary is his daughter.
4. The hotel is full, but we can s________ at a small guesthouse for one night.
5. There are many apples on the tree. Please help me p________ some.
6. The bag is too heavy for the little girl. Can you c________ it for her?
7. If you don't know the way, just f________ me and I'll show you.
8. Thank you for taking c________ of my cat when I was away.
9. There are many shops and a big park in this a________ of the city.
10. In the story, the king married the q________, and they ruled the country together.
11. They climbed the high m________ to watch the sunrise last Sunday.
12. Tom ran faster than anyone else and won the 100-meter r________.
13. The little girl h________ behind the door, so we couldn't find her.
14. The box is stuck under the bed. Help me p________ it out.
15. Be careful when you go a________ the street. There are many cars.
16. My grandfather is very healthy and s________ catches a cold.
17. When the teacher asked the question, the boy kept s________ and said nothing.
18. The future is b________ if we study hard and never give up.
19. The young man is tall and h________, with short black hair and a nice smile.
20. His illness was so s________ that the doctor sent him to a big hospital in the city.
21. Her parents got m________ twenty years ago and still love each other.
22. My uncle works in a big restaurant. He s________ customers there every day.
23. It doesn't m________ whether you win or lose. Just try your best.
24. Our math teacher is s________ with us, but we all know he is kind inside.
25. Lily was a________ from school yesterday because she was ill.
26. I asked him to play computer games, but he r________ because of the exam.
27. He studied hard for the test, and as a r________, he got full marks.
28. Reading many books is good for the g________ of your mind.
29. Smoking too much can cause many serious d________, such as lung cancer.
30. After years of hard work, she finally got a good p________ as a manager in that company.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
答案解析
第一部分:基础识记层级(50 分)
Ⅰ. 根据句意及音标提示写出单词(共15小题,每小题1分)
1. 答案:road。解析:音标 /rəʊd/ 对应 road,意为"马路、道路";this wide 后需要名词,wide 修饰 road 表示"宽阔的马路",与 Cars and buses run fast 的场景吻合。易错:不要写成 rode(ride 的过去式,音标 /rəʊd/ 相同但词性为动词,此处需名词);也不写成 row(/rəʊ/,元音不同)。配套搭配:on the road 在路上,cross the road 过马路。
2. 答案:stay。解析:音标 /steɪ/ 对应 stay,意为"停留、待着";主语 We 后需谓语动词,stay at home 是固定搭配"待在家里",与 watch TV on Sunday evenings 构成并列动作。易错:不要写成 stain(/steɪn/ 多一个鼻音)或 state(/steɪt/ 多一个 /t/);主语是复数 We,用原形,不加 -s。
3. 答案:pick。解析:音标 /pɪk/ 对应 pick,意为"摘、挑选";Please 后接动词原形,pick apples from the tree 是"从树上摘苹果"的固定表达。易错:不要与 peck(/pek/,鸟啄)混淆;pick 后接 from 表示来源,put them in the basket 中的 them 指代 apples,可反证所填为复数宾语的可数名词复数形式。
4. 答案:hug。解析:音标 /hʌɡ/ 对应 hug,意为"拥抱";a warm ______ 前有冠词 a、后有形容词 warm,需填可数名词单数,give sb. a warm hug 意为"给某人一个温暖的拥抱"。易错:不要写成 hug 的动词形式时态(gave 已作谓语,此处只能是名词);注意 u 发 /ʌ/ 而非 /juː/。
5. 答案:kiss。解析:音标 /kɪs/ 对应 kiss,意为"吻";a ______ 需名词单数,give sb. a kiss on the cheek 是固定搭配"在某人脸颊上亲一下"。易错:不要写成 kiss 的复数 kisses(a 后只能接单数);注意 ss 双写,不要写成 kis。
6. 答案:care。解析:音标 /keə/ 对应 care,意为"照料、关心";take good care of 是固定短语"好好照顾",of 后接宾语 the young trees。易错:不要写成 careful(形容词,不能直接接 of 构成该短语);也不要写成 care 的复数。搭配拓展:take care 保重,care about 关心。
7. 答案:serves。解析:音标 /sɜːv/ 对应 serve,意为"供职、服务";serve as 意为"担任、充当",句子主语 My cousin 是第三人称单数,and 后 works 也是三单形式,故须填 serves。易错:只按音标写 serve 会犯主谓一致的错误,这是本题的核心考点;serve as a nurse 意为"当护士"。
8. 答案:strict。解析:音标 /strɪkt/ 对应 strict,意为"严格的";is 后需形容词作表语,be strict with sb. 是固定搭配"对某人严格",与 but we all know he is kind 形成转折。易错:不要写成 strictly(副词,不能作表语);搭配辨析:be strict with sb. 对人严格,be strict about/in sth. 对事严格。
9. 答案:bright。解析:音标 /braɪt/ 对应 bright,意为"明亮的";The sky is ______ 需形容词作表语,bright 描述天气晴朗、光线充足,与 children are playing happily outside 的场景一致。易错:不要写成 brightly(副词,修饰动词);bright 还有"聪明的"义项,如 a bright boy。
10. 答案:silent。解析:音标 /'saɪlənt/ 对应 silent,意为"沉默的、安静的";The library was ______ 需形容词作表语,silent 表示"寂静无声",与 everyone was reading quietly 呼应。易错:不要写成 silence(名词,不能作表语);注意重音在第一个音节。
11. 答案:handsome。解析:音标 /'hænsəm/ 对应 handsome,意为"英俊的";looks 后接形容词作表语,主语 The young man 为男性,handsome 专指男性相貌英俊。易错:不要写成 handsomely(副词);注意 d 不发音,拼写中 e 在 s 后(handsome 不是 handson)。辨析:beautiful 多形容女性或景物,pretty 多形容女性或小巧之物。
12. 答案:diseases。解析:音标 /dɪ'ziːz/ 对应 disease,意为"疾病";Some ______ 中 Some 后可接可数名词复数,且谓语 can spread(复数形式)要求主语为复数,故填 diseases。易错:只写 disease 会与 can spread 的主语单复数冲突;disease 作"疾病"讲是可数名词,作"病害"讲可不可数。搭配:heart disease 心脏病。
13. 答案:refused。解析:音标 /rɪ'fjuːz/ 对应 refuse,意为"拒绝";because he thought 中 thought 为过去式,说明整句叙述过去的事,故 refuse 须用过去式 refused。易错:只按音标写 refuse 会犯时态错误;refuse to do sth. 意为"拒绝做某事",refuse sth. 意为"拒绝某物"。本题 refuse the gift 属后者。
14. 答案:serious。解析:音标 /'sɪəriəs/ 对应 serious,意为"严重的";more ______ than before 构成比较级,需多音节形容词,serious 的比较级为 more serious,表示"比以前更严重"。易错:不要写成 seriously(副词,修饰动词或形容词,如 seriously ill);注意重音在第一个音节,拼写为 s-e-r-i-o-u-s。
15. 答案:power。解析:音标 /'paʊə/ 对应 power,意为"动力、力量";a lot of ______ 后需名词,give sb./sth. power 意为"给……提供动力",句中 This new engine 为主语,符合"发动机提供动力"的语义。易错:不要写成 powerful(形容词,不能作 a lot of 的中心词);power 作"电力、动力"讲不可数,不加 -s。
Ⅱ. 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词(共35小题,每小题1分)
1. 答案:postman。解析:汉语提示"邮递员"对应 postman;The ______ comes 中 comes 为第三人称单数,主语须为单数可数名词,故填 postman。构词:post(邮政)+ man(人)。易错:不要写成 postmen(复数,与 comes 冲突);也不要写成 mailman(美式说法,教材用 postman)。拓展:复数 postmen,同类词还有 policeman→policemen、fireman→firemen。
2. 答案:road。解析:汉语提示"路"对应 road;Walk along this ______ 中 this 后接单数可数名词,walk along the road 意为"沿着这条路走",与 you will see the post office on your left 构成指路语境。易错:不要写成 way(也有"路"的意思,但 walk along this way 不如 road 自然,且 way 侧重"方向、方法");road 指具体的道路。搭配:on the road,by road。
3. 答案:son。解析:汉语提示"儿子"对应 son;one ______ 后接单数可数名词,与 and two daughters 形成对照,说明家中一儿两女。易错:不要写成 sun(/sʌn/,太阳,同音但词义完全不同,是本题最大陷阱);也不要写成 sons(one 后只能接单数)。拓展:son 与 daughter 相对。
4. 答案:stay。解析:汉语提示"停留"对应 stay;can 后接动词原形,stay at a hotel 意为"住在旅馆",与 The hotel is full 形成转折,故此处指"在客栈住一晚"。易错:不要写成 live(长住,与 for one night 冲突);也不要写成 stop("停",不表示住宿)。搭配:stay at/in a place,stay for a night。
5. 答案:pick。解析:汉语提示"挑选、摘取"对应 pick;Please 后接动词原形,pick sth. from the tree 是"从树上摘"的固定表达,The apples are ripe 提供了"可以摘了"的前提。易错:不要写成 choose("选择"侧重挑选,不表示"摘"这个动作);pick 此处取"采摘"义项。
6. 答案:carry。解析:汉语提示"搬运"对应 carry;Can you 后接动词原形,carry sth. upstairs 意为"把某物搬上楼",These boxes are too heavy 说明需要"搬运"。易错:不要写成 take("带走",方向性弱);carry 强调"拿着、搬运"这一负重动作。搭配:carry on 继续,carry out 执行。
7. 答案:follows。解析:汉语提示"跟随"对应 follow;The little dog 为第三人称单数,一般现在时表示习惯性动作,故填 follows。搭配:follow sb. 跟着某人,follow one's advice 听从某人建议。易错:只写 follow 会犯主谓一致错误;不要写成 go after(口语化,且不能用一个词填空)。
8. 答案:care。解析:汉语提示"关心"对应 care;with great ______ 中介词短语需名词,with great care 意为"非常细心地",作方式状语修饰 look after。易错:不要写成 careful(形容词,需与 with 搭配时应用 with great care 而非 with great careful);care 为不可数名词,不加 -s。拓展:take care of 照顾,care for 照料。
9. 答案:area。解析:汉语提示"地区"对应 area;this ______ 后接单数可数名词,this area of the city 意为"城市的这个区域",与 There are many shops and a big park 的场景一致。易错:不要写成 place("地方",泛指,不能与 of the city 这样自然搭配);area 强调"区域、地段"。拓展:in the area of 在……领域。
10. 答案:queen。解析:汉语提示"女王"对应 queen;a ______ 后接单数可数名词,ruled that small country with kindness 中 ruled 的主语正是这位女王。易错:不要写成 king("国王",与汉语提示不符,也是本题最主要的干扰);注意 qu 的读音为 /kw/。拓展:queen 与 king 相对,queen 还可指"王后"。
11.答案:mountain。解析:汉语提示"高山"对应 mountain;climb the ______ 中 the 后接单数可数名词(此处表泛指一座山),climb the mountain 意为"爬山",alone in such cold weather 说明登山危险。易错:不要写成 hill("小山、丘陵",与"高山"不符);in such cold weather 中 weather 不可数,用 such 而非 such a。搭配:mountain climbing 登山运动。
12. 答案:race。解析:汉语提示"比赛"对应 race;the boat ______ 需名词,boat race 意为"赛船、划船比赛",won 后接比赛项目作宾语。易错:不要写成 match(多指球类比赛)或 game(多指游戏、运动会项目);race 侧重"竞速类比赛",与 boat、100-meter 等搭配。拓展:win a race 赢得比赛,run a race 参加赛跑。
13. 答案:hide。解析:汉语提示"隐藏"对应 hide;likes to 后接动词原形,hide oneself 意为"把自己藏起来",under the bed 说明藏的位置,when strangers come 说明时机。易错:不要写成 cover("覆盖",不表示"躲藏");hide 的过去式是 hid,过去分词是 hidden,本句用原形。搭配:hide from sb. 躲着某人。
14. 答案:pull。解析:汉语提示"拉"对应 pull;had to 后接动词原形,pull it open 意为"把它拉开",与 The door was too heavy 和 two men 形成因果说明。易错:不要写成 push("推",方向相反,是本题最大的方向性陷阱);pull 与 push 是一对反义动作。搭配:pull open 拉开,push open 推开。
15. 答案:across。解析:汉语提示"穿过"对应 across;walked ______ the field 中需介词,walk across 意为"穿过(平面)",to get to the other side 进一步说明是"从一边到另一边"。易错:不要写成 cross(动词,不能直接放在 walked 后再接宾语,除非改为 crossed the field);across 强调平面穿越,through 强调穿过立体空间(如 through the forest)。搭配:walk/go across the road。
16. 答案:seldom。解析:汉语提示"很少"对应 seldom;主语 My father 与谓语 has 之间需频度副词,seldom 意为"很少、不常",符合 is always busy 与 has time to watch TV 的矛盾。易错:不要写成 sometimes("有时",与 always busy 的语境矛盾);seldom 本身含否定意义,变反义疑问句时用肯定形式(He seldom goes, does he?)。辨析:never 从不 > seldom 很少 > sometimes 有时 > often 经常 > always 总是。
17. 答案:silent。解析:汉语提示"不作声的"对应 silent;The classroom was ______ 需形容词作表语,silent 意为"寂静的、无人说话的",when the headmaster came in 提供了"大家不敢出声"的场景。易错:不要写成 quiet("安静",也可用,但汉语提示"不作声的"更对应 silent,且本单元重点词是 silent);不要写成 silently(副词)。搭配:keep silent 保持沉默。
18. 答案:bright。解析:汉语提示"欢快的"对应 bright;The children's ______ voices 中 voices 为名词,需形容词修饰,bright voices 意为"欢快清脆的嗓音",是英语中形容声音明亮愉快的常用搭配,与 made the whole house full of life 呼应。易错:不要写成 happy(happy voices 在英语中几乎不搭配,happy 修饰人而非嗓音);也不要写成 brightly(副词不能修饰名词)。拓展:bright 的多义:明亮的(light)、鲜艳的(color)、聪明的(boy)、欢快的(voice)。
19. 答案:handsome。解析:汉语提示"英俊的"对应 handsome;this ______ man 中 man 为名词,需形容词作定语,且答句 he is my brother 用 he 指代,确认所指为男性,故填 handsome。易错:不要写成 beautiful(多形容女性或景物)或 pretty(多形容女性、小孩或小巧之物);不要写成 handsomely(副词)。搭配:a handsome young man 英俊的年轻人。
20. 答案:serious。解析:汉语提示"严重的"对应 serious;was quite ______ 需形容词作表语,serious 修饰 accident 表示"事故严重",与 three people were hurt 的后果一致。易错:不要写成 seriously(副词,此处作表语必须用形容词);也不要写成 bad(语气过轻,与"三人受伤"的量级不匹配)。搭配:a serious accident/illness/problem。
21. 答案:married。解析:汉语提示"结婚"对应 marry;last spring 是明确的过去时间状语,故用过去式 married。搭配:marry sb. 与某人结婚(不能说 marry with sb.);get married 结婚(get 后接过去分词,此处题干为 ______ last spring,动词位需 married)。易错:不要写成 marry(时态错误);注意 married 的双写 r。
22. 答案:serves。解析:汉语提示"供职"对应 serve;The young waiter 为第三人称单数,句子陈述一般事实,故填 serves,serve in a place 意为"在某处工作、任职"。易错:不要写成 works("工作";works in 语法上成立,但汉语提示为"供职",且 serve 是本单元重点词,与 serve in a tea house 对应更准);serve 后可直接接地点,加 in 更常见。
23. 答案:matters。解析:汉语提示"重要"对应 matter;It 为形式主语,真正主语是 to say "thank you"(不定式),谓语动词需用第三人称单数 matters,构成 It matters a lot to do sth. 句型"做某事很重要"。易错:写成 matter 会犯主谓一致错误,这是本题的核心考点;matter 作动词时意为"要紧、有关系",常用于否定和疑问句(It doesn't matter.),但肯定句同样成立。
24. 答案:strict。解析:汉语提示"严格的"对应 strict;is very ______ about 需形容词作表语,be strict about sth. 意为"对某事要求严格",此处 about our handwriting 是"对书写"。易错:不要写成 strictly(副词);注意与 Ⅰ-8 的 be strict with sb. 区分:with 接人,about 接事。
25. 答案:absent。解析:汉语提示"缺席的"对应 absent;was ______ from 需形容词作表语,be absent from 意为"缺席、不在场",because of a bad cold 说明原因。易错:不要写成 absence(名词,不能说 was absence from);absent 的反义词是 present(出席的)。搭配:be absent from school/class/meeting。
26. 答案:refused。解析:汉语提示"拒绝"对应 refuse;and 后 went 为过去式,说明叙述过去的事,故填 refused;refuse sth. 意为"拒绝某物",politely 修饰 refused。易错:不要写成 refuse(时态不一致);refuse to do sth. 是更常见的搭配,但 refuse his invitation 同样正确。拓展:refuse 的反义词是 accept。
27. 答案:result。解析:汉语提示"结果"对应 result;the ______ of the singing competition 需名词,the result of 意为"……的结果"。易错:不要写成 reason("原因",与"结果"相反);result 为可数名词,此处特指一场比赛的结果,用单数。搭配:as a result 结果、因此,as a result of 由于。
28. 答案:growth。解析:汉语提示"成长"对应 growth(grow 的名词形式);children's ______ 需名词,children's growth 意为"儿童的成长",be important for 后接名词。易错:不要写成 grow(动词不能作介词宾语的中心词)或 growing(动名词虽可,但词形转换题通常考名词 growth);growth 为不可数名词,不加 -s。拓展:grow→growth,同类词如 know→knowledge。
29. 答案:disease。解析:汉语提示"疾病"对应 disease;a heart ______ 需单数可数名词,heart disease 是固定搭配"心脏病",take medicine every day 说明这是慢性病。易错:不要写成 illness(也可表示疾病,但 heart disease 是固定搭配,且本单元重点词为 disease);a 后必须是单数,不能写 diseases。拓展:disease 泛指疾病,常与 heart、lung、skin 等搭配。
30. 答案:hug。解析:汉语提示"拥抱"对应 hug;a warm ______ 需单数可数名词,give sb. a warm hug 意为"给某人一个温暖的拥抱",When the mother saw her son again 提供了重逢的场景。易错:不要写成 hug 的动词形式(gave 已是谓语);注意 h-u-g 的拼写与 Ⅰ-4 一致,可互相印证。
31. 答案:moving。解析:汉语提示"感人的"对应 moving(move 的现在分词作形容词);was very ______ 需形容词作表语,moving 意为"令人感动的",主语通常是物(story、film);The story of the poor girl and her dog 正是"令人感动"的事物。易错:不要写成 moved("感到感动的",主语应是人,如 I was moved);这是 -ing 与 -ed 形容词的经典辨析。拓展:touching 也可表示"感人的",但本单元重点词是 moving。
32. 答案:kiss。解析:汉语提示"吻"对应 kiss;a ______ on the forehead 需单数可数名词,give sb. a kiss on the forehead 意为"在某人额头上亲一下",与 left 构成连续动作。易错:不要写成 kisses(a 后必须单数);注意与 Ⅰ-5 的 a kiss on the cheek 结构相同。拓展:kiss 也可作动词,kiss sb. goodbye。
33. 答案:actress。解析:汉语提示"女演员"对应 actress;a famous ______ 需单数名词,且 and often appears on TV 中 appears 为三单,主语须单数;actress 由 act(表演)+ -ress(女性后缀)构成,专指女演员。易错:不要写成 actor(男演员,与"女演员"提示不符);不要写成 act(动词)。拓展:同类女性后缀词还有 waitress(女服务员)、hostess(女主人)。
34. 答案:change。解析:汉语提示"换"对应 change;You'd better 后接动词原形(had better do sth.),change your thin coat 意为"换掉你的薄外套",与 It's cold outside 形成因果。易错:不要写成 wear("穿",不表示"换");不要写成 change 的过去式。搭配:change into 换上,change one's mind 改变主意。
35. 答案:power。解析:汉语提示"给……提供动力"对应 power(动词);can 后接动词原形,power a small car 意为"给小汽车提供动力",make it run without petrol 进一步说明动力的作用。易错:不要写成 drive("驾驶",主语应是人,且不能表达"提供动力"这一义项);注意此处 power 是动词,与 Ⅰ-15 的名词用法区分。拓展:power 名动同形,名词"电力、权力",动词"为……提供动力"。
第二部分:能力提升层级(20 分)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(共20小题,每小题1分)
1. 答案:postmen。解析:There are three 后接可数名词复数,postman 的复数形式为 postmen(-man 变 -men);they work very hard 中的 they 也提示复数。易错:不要写成 postmans(-man 类名词的复数变化属不规则);同类词 policeman→policemen、fireman→firemen、woman→women。提醒:human 是例外,复数为 humans。
2. 答案:stays。解析:主语 My sister 为第三人称单数,句子陈述习惯(on rainy days),故用一般现在时三单 stays;and 后 reads 也是三单,可互相印证。易错:不要写成 stay(主谓不一致);以元音字母 + y 结尾的动词直接加 -s,不需要变 y 为 i。
3. 答案:carries。解析:主语 The young worker 为第三人称单数,every day 提示一般现在时,carry 为辅音字母 + y 结尾,须变 y 为 i 再加 -es,故填 carries。易错:不要写成 carrys(拼写规则错误);对比 play→plays(元音 + y 直接加 -s)。搭配:carry sth. from...to... 把某物从……搬到……。
4. 答案:married。解析:ten years ago 是明确的过去时间状语,故用一般过去时 married;marry 为重读闭音节,需双写 r 再加 -ed。易错:不要写成 marryed 或 maried(拼写错误);搭配 marry sb. 不与 with 连用。拓展:be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚(用 to 不用 with)。
5. 答案:hugged。解析:and 后 ran 为过去式,说明两个动作为并列的过去动作,故 hug 用过去式 hugged;hug 为重读闭音节且以 g 结尾,须双写 g 再加 -ed。易错:不要写成 huged(漏写双写);hug 的现在分词同样双写,为 hugging。
6. 答案:across。解析:walked 后已有谓语动词,空处应填介词,cross 的介词形式为 across,walk across the bridge 意为"走过桥"。易错:不要写成 crossed(动词,与 walked 重复谓语);across 表示从平面的一边到另一边,through 表示穿过立体空间。对比:cross the bridge(动词 + 宾语)= walk across the bridge(动词 + 介词 + 宾语)。
7. 答案:memories。解析:many 后接可数名词复数,memory 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -es,故填 memories。易错:不要写成 memorys(复数规则错误);of her summer holiday 是后置定语,说明是"关于暑假的回忆"。搭配:have good/bad memories of 对……有美好/糟糕的回忆。
8. 答案:hid。解析:so nobody could see her 中 could 为过去式,表明整句叙述过去,hide 的过去式为 hid(不规则变化)。易错:不要写成 hided(hide 不是规则动词);hide 的三个形式为 hide-hid-hidden。对比:第三部分第 13 题同一动词用首字母 h______ 提示过去式 hid,可互相印证。
9. 答案:careful。解析:be 动词后接形容词作表语,care 的形容词为 careful,be careful with sth. 意为"小心对待某物"。易错:不要写成 carefully(副词,不能作表语);careful 的反义词为 careless。搭配:be careful with 对……小心,be careful to do sth. 小心做某事。
10. 答案:diseases。解析:many 后接可数名词复数,故填 diseases;disease 作"疾病"讲为可数名词。易错:不要写成 disease(many 要求复数);注意与第三部分第 29 题 many serious d______ 的答案一致。拓展:cause many diseases 引发多种疾病,是说明因果关系的常用表达。
11. 答案:actress。解析:a famous ______ 需单数名词,由 act 变来且表示"女演员",故填 actress(act + -ress);后文 she often appears on TV 中的 she 明确性别为女性。易错:不要写成 actor(男演员,与 she 冲突)或 action("行动",不指人);注意 -ress 后缀表女性,与 waitress、hostess 同构。
12. 答案:touching。解析:story 为物,需 -ing 形式的形容词修饰,touch 的形容词为 touching,意为"动人的、令人感动的",a touching story 意为"一个感人的故事"。易错:不要写成 touched("感到感动的",修饰人,如 I was touched);这是 -ing/-ed 形容词的经典考点,与 Ⅱ-31 的 moving 同型。
13. 答案:silence。解析:sat in ______ 中 in 为介词,后需名词,silent 的名词形式为 silence,in silence 是固定短语"沉默地、安静地"。易错:不要写成 silent(形容词不能作介词宾语);silence 为不可数名词,不加 -s。搭配:keep silent(形容词)= in silence(介词短语)。
14. 答案:stricter。解析:than any other teacher 提示比较级,strict 为单音节形容词,比较级加 -er,故填 stricter;也可用 more strict,但教材通常用 stricter。易错:不要写成 strictest(than 要求比较级而非最高级);注意 strict 的比较级可直接加 -er,不需要变 y 或双写。
15. 答案:service。解析:good ______ 需名词作 provides 的宾语,serve 的名词形式为 service,provide good service for sb. 意为"为某人提供优质服务";service 作"服务"讲不可数。易错:不要写成 serve(动词不能作宾语中心词)或 serving(动名词,但词形转换题考名词 service)。拓展:serve(v.)→ service(n.)→ servant(n. 仆人)。
16. 答案:absence。解析:his ______ from the meeting 需名词,absent 的名词形式为 absence,his absence from 意为"他缺席……"。易错:不要写成 absent(形容词不能作 his 的中心词)或 absentee("缺席者",指人,与"缺席这件事"不符)。搭配:in one's absence 在某人不在时。
17. 答案:growth。解析:the ______ of children 需名词,grow 的名词形式为 growth,the growth of children 意为"儿童的生长",be important for 后接名词。易错:不要写成 grow(动词)或 growing(动名词;本题考的是名词 growth,与 Ⅱ-28 一致);growth 不可数。
18. 答案:brightest。解析:in the sky 表范围,结合 the sun 的独特性,需用最高级 brightest,意为"天空中最亮的星";bright 为单音节词,最高级加 -est。易错:不要写成 brighter(与 in the sky 的全体范围不符);句首 the 已提示最高级。拓展:one of the brightest stars 最亮的星之一。
19. 答案:seriously。解析:ill 为形容词,需副词修饰,serious 的副词形式为 seriously,seriously ill 意为"病得很重"。易错:不要写成 serious(形容词不能修饰形容词 ill);注意与 Ⅰ-14、Ⅱ-20 的形容词用法区分:此处修饰 ill,须用副词。搭配:seriously ill/injured 病重/伤重。
20. 答案:powerful。解析:becoming 后接形容词作表语,power 的形容词为 powerful,more and more powerful 意为"越来越强大";in the world today 说明是国际地位语境。易错:不要写成 power(名词不能作表语);也不要写成 powerfully(副词)。拓展:power(n.)→ powerful(adj.)→ powerfully(adv.)。
第三部分:综合拓展层级(30 分)
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词(共30小题,每小题1分)
1. 答案:across。解析:首字母 a + walked ______ the bridge,需介词,walk across 意为"走过、穿过(桥面)",and got to the other side of the river 明确了"从一边到另一边"的位移。易错:不要写成 along("沿着",与到对岸的语义不符)或 around("绕过");across 后直接接宾语,无需再加介词。搭配:walk across the road/bridge/street。
2. 答案:road。解析:首字母 r + near the ______,需单数名词,near the road 意为"在路边",so he can hear many cars every day 说明这条路车流量大。易错:不要写成 river("河",虽然 r 开头,但河边听不到许多汽车,属常识冲突);也不要写成 railway("铁路",车声来源不同)。提醒:做首字母题必须让上下文解释得通,"能听到很多汽车"是锁 road 的关键。
3. 答案:son。解析:首字母 s + Tom is his ______, and Mary is his daughter,Tom 是男名,Mary 是女名,与 daughter 对应的男性子女即 son。易错:不要写成 sister(s 开头,但 sister 是 Tom 的姐妹,此处指"他的"子女,且与 daughter 并列需要"儿子");用英文人名区分性别,可避免汉语干扰。拓展:son 对应 daughter,brother 对应 sister。
4. 答案:stay。解析:首字母 s + we can ______ at a small guesthouse for one night,can 后接动词原形,stay at a place 意为"住在某处",The hotel is full 提供了"换地方住"的原因。易错:不要写成 sleep("睡觉",不能与 at a guesthouse 自然搭配表示住宿);stay for one night 强调"住一晚"。
5. 答案:pick。解析:首字母 p + Please help me ______ some,help sb. do sth. 中 do 为动词原形,pick some (apples) 承接前句 There are many apples on the tree 的宾语。易错:不要写成 plant("种植",与"树上有苹果"矛盾);也不要写成 buy("买",与"树上有"不符)。搭配:pick apples 摘苹果,pick up 捡起。
6. 答案:carry。解析:首字母 c + Can you ______ it for her,情态动词 can 后用原形,The bag is too heavy 说明需要"搬运"。易错:不要写成 catch("抓住",不表示搬运重物)或 clean("清理",与"太重"无关);carry it for sb. 意为"替某人搬它"。对比:Ⅱ-6 同一动词考原形,第二部分第 3 题考三单 carries。
7. 答案:follow。解析:首字母 f + just ______ me and I'll show you the way,祈使句用动词原形,follow me 意为"跟着我",与 I'll show you 构成"带路"语境。易错:不要写成 find("找到",与"我给你带路"逻辑不符);follow 后直接接人作宾语,不需要介词。
8. 答案:care。解析:首字母 c + Thank you for taking ______ of my cat,take care of 是固定短语"照顾",for 后接动名词 taking,其后直接跟 care。易错:不要写成 care 的形容词 careful(短语中固定用名词 care);注意 take care of 中 care 前不加冠词。拓展:look after 与 take care of 同义。
9. 答案:area。解析:首字母 a + in this ______ of the city,需单数名词,this area of the city 意为"城市的这个区域",There are many shops and a big park 说明是繁华地段。易错:不要写成 avenue("大街",a 开头但指街道而非区域);也不要写成 apartment("公寓",与 shops and park 不搭配)。搭配:in the area of 在……地区/领域。
10. 答案:queen。解析:首字母 q + the king married the ______,需单数名词,与 king 相对的是 queen,they ruled the country together 中 they 指国王与王后。易错:不要写成 queen 的复数(the 后此处指一位);也不要写成 princess("公主",与 king 的配偶身份不符)。拓展:queen 可指"女王"或"王后"。
11. 答案:mountain。解析:首字母 m + They climbed the high ______,需单数名词,high 只能修饰 mountain(山),不能修饰 hill(小山通常用 low 或 high 也可,但"高山"对应 mountain),to watch the sunrise 说明登山看日出。易错:不要写成 moon("月亮",不能 climb);也不要写成 monument("纪念碑",与看日出无关)。对比:Ⅱ-11 同一词考汉语提示。
12. 答案:race。解析:首字母 r + won the 100-meter ______,需单数名词,100-meter race 意为"百米赛跑",ran faster than anyone else 说明是竞速项目。易错:不要写成 run("跑",won the run 不地道);也不要写成 record("纪录",won the record 搭配错误,应为 broke the record)。拓展:win a race 赢得比赛,hold a race 举行比赛。
13. 答案:hid。解析:首字母 h + The little girl ______ behind the door, so we couldn't find her,couldn't 为过去式,故 hide 用过去式 hid;so we couldn't find her 正是"藏起来"的结果。易错:不要写成 hide(时态错误)或 hidden(过去分词,需助动词)。对比:第二部分第 8 题同一动词考 hid,可互相印证。
14. 答案:pull。解析:首字母 p + Help me ______ it out,help sb. do sth. 用动词原形,The box is stuck under the bed 说明需要"拉出来",pull it out 意为"把它拉出来"。易错:不要写成 put("放",与 out 搭配不当)或 push("推",方向与"拉出来"相反);注意代词 it 放中间,pull it out 不能写成 pull out it。
15. 答案:across。解析:首字母 a + when you go ______ the street,go across 意为"横穿、走过(街道)",There are many cars 提示注意安全。易错:不要写成 along("沿着",与"注意车辆"的过街语境不符);across 为介词,后直接接 the street。对比:本部分第 1 题 Walk across the bridge,同一介词不同搭配。
16. 答案:seldom。解析:首字母 s + My grandfather is very healthy and ______ catches a cold,需频度副词,seldom 意为"很少",与 healthy 形成因果。易错:不要写成 sometimes("有时",与 very healthy 矛盾);seldom 用于主语后、实义动词前,本句位置正确。辨析:seldom 含否定意义,反义疑问用肯定(He seldom..., does he?)。
17. 答案:silent。解析:首字母 s + the boy kept ______ and said nothing,keep + 形容词 表示"保持某种状态",silent 意为"沉默的";and said nothing 是同义复现。易错:不要写成 silently(keep 后此处需形容词作表语,虽然 keep silently 在极少数语境可接受,但标准表达为 keep silent);不要写成 quiet(可用,但 said nothing 更对应"不作声")。搭配:keep silent 保持沉默。
18. 答案:bright。解析:首字母 b + The future is ______ if we study hard,需形容词作表语,bright 在此引申为"光明的、有希望的",if 从句提供条件。易错:不要写成 brightly(副词);bright 的多义性是本单元重点:明亮的→鲜艳的→聪明的→光明的。搭配:a bright future 光明的未来。
19. 答案:handsome。解析:首字母 h + The young man is tall and ______, with short black hair and a nice smile,and 连接两个并列形容词作表语,主语 The young man 为男性,handsome 意为"英俊的";with... 是补充说明外貌的介词短语。易错:不要写成 high("高的",与 tall 重复且不修饰人);注意与 Ⅱ-19 同一词,但提示方式不同(这里是首字母 + 语境)。对比:Ⅱ-19 用汉语提示"英俊的",本题用上下文推断。
20. 答案:serious。解析:首字母 s + His illness was so ______ that the doctor sent him to a big hospital,so + 形容词 + that 结果状语从句,illness 需 serious(严重的)修饰;so...that 结构要求 so 后接形容词或副词。易错:不要写成 seriously(so 后此处需形容词作表语);对比 第二部分第 19 题 seriously ill(修饰形容词 ill 用副词),两题正好构成"形容词 vs 副词"的对照。
21. 答案:married。解析:首字母 m + Her parents got ______ twenty years ago,get + 过去分词 表示状态变化,get married 意为"结婚",twenty years ago 要求过去式;still love each other 说明现状。易错:不要写成 marry(get 后不能接动词原形);注意 get married 不与 with 连用,要说 get married to sb.。对比:Ⅱ-21 考 married 作谓语,本句考 get married 结构。
22. 答案:serves。解析:首字母 s + He ______ customers there every day,every day 提示一般现在时,主语 He 为第三人称单数,故 serves;serve customers 意为"招待顾客"。易错:不要写成 serve(主谓不一致)或 service(名词不能作谓语);注意 serve sb. 后不接介词。对比:Ⅱ-22 serve in a tea house(任职),本句 serve customers(招待顾客),同一动词不同义项。
23. 答案:matter。解析:首字母 m + It doesn't ______ whether you win or lose,doesn't 后接动词原形,It doesn't matter 意为"没关系、不要紧",whether 从句是真正主语;Just try your best 提供了宽慰的语境。易错:不要写成 matters(doesn't 后必须用原形,这是本题核心考点);对比 Ⅱ-23 It matters a lot(肯定句用三单 matters)。
24. 答案:strict。解析:首字母 s + Our math teacher is ______ with us,be strict with sb. 是固定搭配"对某人严格",but we all know he is kind inside 形成转折。易错:不要写成 serious("严肃的",可修饰人但搭配为 be serious about,且与 kind 的转折不如 strict 直接);不要写成 strictly(is 后需形容词作表语)。对比:Ⅰ-8 用音标考 strict,Ⅱ-24 用汉语"严格的"考 strict,本题用首字母考 strict,三处同词不同提示,属本单元高频词。
25. 答案:absent。解析:首字母 a + Lily was ______ from school yesterday,be absent from 意为"缺席",yesterday 和 because she was ill 说明原因。易错:不要写成 away("离开",away from school 虽也可,但本单元重点词是 absent,且 was away from 侧重"不在",不如 absent 对应"缺席");不要写成 absence(名词)。搭配:be absent from class/meeting。
26. 答案:refused。解析:首字母 r + I asked him to play computer games, but he ______ because of the exam,but 表转折,because of the exam 说明拒绝了邀请;asked 为过去式,故填 refused。易错:不要写成 refuse(时态不一致);refuse 后可直接接 to do,但此处 because of 状语已说明理由,无需宾语。对比:Ⅱ-26 汉语提示"拒绝"考 refused,两题同形。
27. 答案:result。解析:首字母 r + as a ______, he got full marks,as a result 是固定短语"结果、因此",表示因果;He studied hard for the test 是因,got full marks 是果。易错:不要写成 reason("原因",as a reason 不成立,且逻辑颠倒);注意 as a result 后常加逗号。拓展:as a result of 由于(后接名词)。
28. 答案:growth。解析:首字母 g + good for the ______ of your mind,需名词,the growth of your mind 意为"心智的成长",good for 后接名词。易错:不要写成 grow(动词不能作 the 的中心词)或 great(形容词,good for the great of 不成立);growth 不可数。对比:Ⅱ-28、第二部分第 17 题均考 growth,三处复现,属高频考点。
29. 答案:diseases。解析:首字母 d + cause many serious ______, such as lung cancer,many 后接可数名词复数,such as lung cancer 举例说明是"疾病",故 diseases。易错:不要写成 disease(many 要求复数);serious 修饰 diseases,说明是"严重疾病"。对比:Ⅰ-12 Some ______ 与 第二部分第 10 题 many ______ 均考 diseases 复数,三处复现。
30. 答案:position。解析:首字母 p + she finally got a good ______ as a manager,a good ______ 需单数名词,position 意为"职位",as a manager 说明职位内容;After years of hard work 说明是努力的结果。易错:不要写成 place("地方",不能与 as a manager 搭配表示职位)或 prize("奖品",与 as a manager 不符);position 在此义项为可数名词。拓展:apply for a position 申请职位。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$