Unit 4 Breaking Boundaries 期中复习单元词汇短语句型语法梳理 讲义-2026-2027学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第二册

【期中必备清单】 外研版选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型语法梳理 --考情解码 × 词汇导图 × 句式升维 × 语法攻坚 × 冲刺特训 一、 单元复习导航与新高考考向解码 1. 单元主题与语篇依托：本单元主题为 Breaking boundaries（突破界限与极限探索），围绕人类突破物理边界（极地探险、深海与太空探索）、心理与生理界限（克服恐惧、超越自我）以及科技与文化领域的开创性突破展开。语篇题材涵盖记叙文（先驱人物探险历程）、说明文（前沿科技突破与人类潜能）与应用文（创新倡议书与挑战演讲）。 2. 新高考命题切入与考向预测： • 语法填空与词性转换： 重点考查虚拟语气（错综时间、含蓄虚拟 without/but for）、特殊句式（Only+状语置于句首的部分倒装、It is/was...that... 强调句）及派生词转换（boundary, exceed, pioneer, overcome, courage, limit, breakthrough 等）。 • 阅读理解与同源外刊： 精选同源外刊语篇，聚焦“前沿科技突破、极地/太空极限探险、先驱科学家故事”，考查细节精确定位、词义推断与作者态度分析。 • 应用文写作： 常考“科技创新倡议书”“突破自我与迎接挑战演讲稿”或“先驱人物推荐信”，要求灵活运用虚拟语气、强调句与部分倒装提高表达档次。 • 读后续写微技能： 围绕“极地生存/克服恐惧/极限挑战”情境，重点考查精细动作链（Action Chain）与生理/心理动作联动描写（Show, Don't Tell）。 二、 核心词汇与高频派生词背诵清单 以下精选 Unit 4 考查频率最高、衍生变化最丰富的 10 组核心词汇，请务必掌握其词性转换与高考常考搭配： 序号 原词及词性 高频派生词&词性 考空预判&经典搭配 1 bound n. 界限， 限制 v. 形成……的界限 boundary n. 边界， 界限 boundless adj. 无边无际的， 无限的 push / break the boundaries (突破界限) boundless energy / enthusiasm (无限的能量) 2 exceed v. 超过， 超出 excess n. 过度， 过量 exceedingly adv. 极大地 excessive adj. 过度的 exceed one's expectations (超出预期) in excess of (超过……) exceedingly difficult (极其困难) 3 pioneer n. 先驱， 开拓者 v. 开辟， 倡导 pioneering adj. 开创性的， 先驱的 a pioneering spirit (开拓精神) pioneer new medical treatments (开创疗法) 4 overcome v. 战胜， 克服 overcame (过去式) overcome (过去分词/形容词 受到……极大影响) overcome obstacles / difficulties (克服障碍) be overcome with / by fear (被恐惧压倒) 5 courage n. 勇气， 胆量 courageous adj. 勇敢的 courageously adv. 勇敢地 encourage v. 鼓励 pluck / summon up courage to do (鼓起勇气) a courageous decision (勇敢的决定) 6 explore v. 探索， 探究 exploration n. 探索， 探险 explorer n. 探险家 space / polar exploration (太空/极地探索) scientific explorer (科学探险家) 7 limit n. 极限， 限制 v. 限制， 限定 limitation n. 局限， 限制 limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 push oneself to the limit (逼迫自己到极限) without limitation (无限制地) 8 obstacle n. 障碍， 妨碍 obstruct v. 阻碍， 遮挡 overcome / remove obstacles (消除障碍) stand as an obstacle to... (成为……的障碍) 9 breakthrough n. 突破， 重大进展 break through (短语动词 突破) achieve / make a major breakthrough in... break through the comfort zone (突破舒适区) 10 will n. 意志， 意愿 v. 将要 willpower n. 意志力 willing adj. 乐意的 unwilling adj. 不情愿的 indomitable / strong willpower (坚强的意志力) be willing to take risks (乐于冒风险) 三、 高考高频短语与搭配精编 • 1. push / break the boundaries of... (突破/打破……的界限) 例句：Courageous scientists and explorers continuously push the boundaries of human knowledge and endurance. • 2. overcome formidable obstacles (克服艰难险阻/重重障碍) 例句：To realize her dream of polar exploration, she had to overcome formidable obstacles both physically and mentally. • 3. step out of one's comfort zone (走出某人的舒适区) 例句：Stepping out of your comfort zone is the vital first step toward personal growth and self-breakthrough. • 4. achieve a major breakthrough in... (在……方面取得重大突破) 例句：The research team achieved a major breakthrough in quantum computing after years of tireless efforts. • 5. summon / pluck up the courage to do (鼓起勇气做某事) 例句：He summoned up the courage to speak in front of hundreds of experts, delivering a convincing presentation. • 6. push oneself to the limit (逼迫自己达到极限) 例句：Athletes in the Olympic Games push themselves to the limit in pursuit of sporting excellence. • 7. pave the way for future advances (为未来的发展/进步铺平道路) 例句：Early space missions paved the way for modern satellite technology and deep-space exploration. • 8. be overcome by / with fear (被恐惧压倒/笼罩) 例句：Though initially overcome by fear on the steep cliff, the climber focused on his next hold and kept ascending. • 9. set / break a new record (创下/打破新纪录) 例句：By breaking the world record, the young swimmer proved that human potential is truly limitless. • 10. in pursuit of one's ultimate goal (追求某人的终极目标) 例句：In pursuit of his ultimate goal, he devoted decades to exploring the uncharted depths of the trench. • 11. test one's physical and mental endurance (考验某人的身心耐力) 例句：The extreme polar expedition tested the team's physical and mental endurance to the utmost. • 12. make a pioneering contribution to... (对……做出开创性贡献) 例句：Professor Yuan made a pioneering contribution to global food security through hybrid rice research. 四、 写作金句与读后续写“挑战与突破”升维清单 1. 应用文写作（科技创新倡议书 / 挑战自我演讲稿）首尾段高分金句 ✦ 背景引入：Faced with rapid technological revolutions, it is high time that young people stepped out of their comfort zones and embraced innovation. ✦ 目的表达：I am writing to deliver a speech on how to unleash our full potential and break boundaries in our daily learning and living. ✦ 倡议提出：It is strongly recommended that we cultivate a pioneering spirit, overcome fear of failure, and pursue our passions with indomitable willpower. ✦ 结尾呼吁：Only when we dare to challenge the impossible can we usher in a brighter era of discovery and creation. 2. 读后续写（极地探险 / 克服恐惧 / 挑战自我）“Show, Don't Tell”隐性描写 ✦ 恶劣环境与险境描写：The howling arctic wind whipped against his frozen face, while thick fog enveloped the treacherous mountain peak like a suffocating shroud. ✦ 恐惧生理反应描写：His legs trembled uncontrollably, cold sweat drenching his back as he peered down into the dizzying, bottomless abyss. ✦ 鼓起勇气与动作链：Taking a deep, trembling breath, Lucas clenched his fists, fixed his gaze on the rocky ridge ahead, and took a decisive stride forward. ✦ 突破与心理升华：Standing triumphantly at the summit, he felt a wave of boundless exhilaration wash over him—he had defeated not the mountain, but his own inner fear. 五、 语法专项攻坚：虚拟语气与特殊句式 (Subjunctive, Inversion & Emphasis) 1. 虚拟语气三大时态核心公式： • 与现在事实相反： 从句：If + 主语 + 动词过去式 (be动词用were) ➔ 主句：主语 + would / could / should / might + 动词原形 • 与过去事实相反： 从句：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词 ➔ 主句：主语 + would / could / should / might + have + 过去分词 • 与将来事实相反： 从句：If + 主语 + 动词过去式 / should do / were to do ➔ 主句：主语 + would / could / should / might + 动词原形 • 倒装虚拟条件句： 当条件从句包含 had / were / should 时，可省略 if 并将 had / were / should 提到主语前构成倒装 (如：Had I known... = If I had known...)。 • 含蓄虚拟语气： 用介词/副词 without, but for (要不是), otherwise, or 代替条件从句 (如：But for your encouragement, I wouldn't have overcome the fear.)。 2. 高频特殊句式秒杀法则（倒装句、强调句与省略句）： • Only + 状语 置于句首的部分倒装： 结构为：Only + 状语 (介词短语/副词/状语从句) + 情态动词/助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 (如：Only by breaking boundaries can we achieve breakthroughs.)。注意：Only 修饰主语时不倒装！ • It is / was ... that ... 强调句型： 强调主语、宾语或状语。判断技巧：去掉 It is/was...that... 后，若剩余部分句子成分仍然完整通顺，即为强调句型。 • 状语从句的省略： 在 when, while, if, unless, though 引导的从句中，若主语与主句主语一致且含 be 动词，可省略“主语 + be”（如：When (he was) facing fear...）。 六、 期中冲刺过关特训 (阶梯递进模式) 第一阶：单句语法填空与句型攻坚 (10 题) 1. If Lucas ________ (listen) to his coach's advice last year, he would have broken the high jump record. 2. Courageous explorers are constantly seeking to break the ________ (bound) of human endurance. 3. But for the emergency air supply, the scuba diver ________ (not survive) the deep ocean exploration. 4. Only by stepping out of your comfort zone ________ you unleash your full creative potential. 5. It was with indomitable willpower ________ the disabled athlete completed the grueling marathon. 6. When ________ (face) with extreme hardship in the polar region, the expedition team remained optimistic. 7. Professor Zhang made a ________ (pioneer) contribution to quantum physics research. 8. The climber's achievements in mountain exploration were ________ (exceed) remarkable. 9. Had he not plucked up the courage ________ (speak), he would have missed this golden opportunity. 10. Overcoming inner fear is an essential step toward achieving self-________ (breakthrough). 第二阶：应用文与读后续写微句段升维改写 (3 题) 11. 原句：Without your encouragement, I couldn't have overcome the fear of public speaking. (用虚拟条件句 Had it not been for... 改写) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 原句：We can achieve true self-breakthrough only when we challenge our limits. (用 Only when... 引导的倒装句升级) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 原句：Lucas took a deep breath. He stepped onto the narrow wooden bridge. He crossed it bravely. (用非谓语动作链与隐性描写改写为单句) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 七、 全套参考答案与考情深度解析 第一阶：单句语法填空参考答案与解析 • 1. had listened：考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用 had + 过去分词，故填 had listened。 • 2. boundaries：考查词性转换。作动词 break 的宾语，用名词复数 boundaries（界限）。 • 3. would not have survived：考查含蓄虚拟语气。But for（要不是）引导与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句用 would not have + 过去分词。 • 4. can：考查倒装句。“Only + 方式介词短语”位于句首，主句用部分倒装，把情态动词 can 提到主语 you 之前。 • 5. that：考查强调句型。It was + 介词短语 (with indomitable willpower) + that ... 构成强调句。 • 6. faced：考查状语从句省略。When (he was) faced with ... 中，be faced with 表达“面临”，故用过去分词 faced。 • 7. pioneering：考查词性转换。修饰名词 contribution，用形容词 pioneering（开创性的）。 • 8. exceedingly：考查词性转换。修饰形容词 remarkable，用副词 exceedingly（极度，非常）。 • 9. to speak：考查非谓语动词。courage 后接不定式 to do 作后置定语，pluck up courage to do sth.（鼓起勇气做某事）。 • 10. breakthrough：考查词性转换。self-breakthrough 为复合名词，意为“自我突破”。 第二阶：应用文与读后续写微句段改写参考答案 11. 改写：Had it not been for your encouragement, I couldn't have overcome the fear of public speaking. 12. 改写：Only when we challenge our limits can we achieve true self-breakthrough. 13. 改写：Taking a deep breath, Lucas stepped onto the narrow wooden bridge and crossed it with firm, unwavering strides. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $