考前梯度特训专题05 首字母填空-【题型易-必考题型精练 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

考前特训 专题05 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 首字母填空是广州卷的特色题型，也是失分最集中的一题。题目给出一篇短文，在若干处留空并给出首字母，要求写出完整单词且使用正确形式。它同时考查三件事：由句意猜出词义、由首字母锁定拼写、由句法确定词形（时态、语态、单复数、比较级、词性转换）。三者缺一，答案即错。 本次特训共收录 9 篇、45 个空，取材兼顾人物传记（清代女科学家王贞仪、科幻作家刘慈欣、亚瑟王子、哥白尼）、成长叙事（与祖父母的争执、与同桌的矛盾）与现实议题（广州青少年网络保护联盟、如何面对困境、校刊“Teen to Teen”心理专栏），与沪教版九年级上册“人物”“成长”“社会”三条主线吻合。 二、命题特点 （1）“首字母 + 句意 + 词形”三重校验缺一不可：王贞仪一篇第 1 题，空处位于主语 she 与不定式 to teach herself 之间，须填过去式谓语，结合首字母 m 与“设法做成”之意，故填 managed。 （2）固定搭配是定案关键：同篇第 2 题由 a round table, a mirror and a ___ 的并列结构确定填名词单数，首字母 l 指向 lamp；第 5 题 was ___ to be 指向被动语态，首字母 c 对应 considered。 （3）词性判断先于拼写：第 4 题空处位于冠词 an 与名词 woman scholar 之间，必须填形容词，故为 outstanding 而非 outstand。 （4）单复数与冠词呼应：many 后必为复数（poems），a/an 后必为单数，这是首字母题最容易被忽略的“形式分”。 （5）每篇 5 空、共 9 篇，题量集中，且同一篇内往往“名词—动词—形容词”交替，便于用词性分布自检。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 45 题梳理） （1）动词类（约 14 题）：时态、语态、非谓语三种形式，占比最高。 （2）名词类（约 12 题）：单复数与不可数名词的判定。 （3）形容词类（约 10 题）：作定语或表语，注意 -ing/-ed 与比较等级。 （4）副词类（约 5 题）：修饰动词或形容词。 （5）连词与介词类（约 4 题）：句间逻辑与固定搭配。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全篇，先把握时态主线与文体（传记多用过去时，说明文多用现在时）。 第二步：逐空先定“词性”——看空处前后是什么词、在句中作什么成分。 第三步：再定“词义”——结合首字母与上下文（尤其并列结构、固定搭配）猜出单词。 第四步：最后定“词形”——动词查时态语态、名词查单复数、形容词查等级，并逐词核对拼写与首字母是否一致。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】语境推断——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“…y satisfied with the traditional b 1 that the Earth was the absolute cen…”。解题时要由上下文语义与所给首字母共同锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 belief。 【点拨2】词形变化——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“…ying games on my phone and never f 2 on my studies. My grades dropped, a…”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 focused。 【点拨3】语境推断——以 Passage 3 题 3 为例：原文写道“…and mysterious alien worlds. His c 3 mind turns cold science into touchi…”。解题时要由上下文语义与所给首字母共同锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 creative。 【点拨4】词形变化——以 Passage 4 题 4 为例：原文写道“…h tears. At that moment, I could h 4 believe what I had done. It was rea…”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 hardly。 【点拨5】词形变化——以 Passage 6 题 5 为例：原文写道“…d palace. Arthur smiled and said he was perfectly s 5 with his new life.”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 satisfied。 【点拨6】语境推断——以 Passage 7 题 1 为例：原文写道“…uff marks (擦痕) were difficult to r 1 . I thought he shouldn't be so angr…”。解题时要由上下文语义与所给首字母共同锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 remove。 【点拨7】固定搭配——以 Passage 8 题 2 为例：原文写道“Many teenagers feel heavy p 2 from spending too much time online. Some g…”。解题时要与后续的介词或不定式构成固定搭配；结合所给首字母，故填 pressure。 【点拨8】词形变化——以 Passage 9 题 3 为例：原文写道“Wang also wrote many p 3 , writing about unusually modern topics. She wa…”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 poems。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“只写词根不变形”：manage 写成 manage（应为 managed）、consider 写成 consider（应为 considered），是首字母填空最大的失分点。 • 忌“无视首字母”：写出的词必须与给定首字母完全一致，否则整空不得分。 • 忌“单复数漏 S”：many/several 之后、one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，都是必考复数的位置。 • 忌“拼写想当然”：outstanding、strengthen、awkward 等词易拼错，写完须逐字母核对。 Passage 1 In the past, human awareness about the vast universe was quite limited. Most people were completely satisfied with the traditional b 1 that the Earth was the absolute centre of everything, never questioning the stars above. However, Nicholas Copernicus proposed a bold new theory to disprove this incorrect idea. He c 2 that our planet actually travels around the Sun. Decades later, Galileo used his newly-invented telescope to p 3 this great scientific truth through careful observations. In those days, few scientists would s 4 the research, for the whole society stuck to the old-fashioned view. This amazing discovery successfully challenged the old rules and encouraged people to think independently. T 5 it opened a brand-new door for modern astronomy and completely changed how we understand the world. 【答案】 1．belief 2．claimed 3．prove 4．support 5．Thus 【导语】本篇是说明文，讲述哥白尼提出日心说，伽利略用望远镜证实该理论，这个发现挑战了旧观念，推动了现代天文学发展。 【详解】1． 句意：大多数人完全满足于传统观念，即地球是万物的绝对中心，从不质疑天上的星星。形容词traditional后面接名词；后面that从句是对该名词内容的解释，代表人们持有的想法、观念，结合首字母b，判定单词为belief，belief意为“信念，观念”。 2． 句意：他声称我们的星球实际上绕着太阳运转。本段时态为一般过去时，此处需要谓语动词过去式；前面说哥白尼提出大胆的新理论，此处表达他宣称、主张这个观点，结合首字母c，判定单词为claim“声称，主张”，过去式为claimed。 3． 句意：几十年后，伽利略用他新发明的望远镜，通过仔细观测证明这一伟大的科学真理。不定式to后面接动词原形；利用望远镜观测来证实科学真理，结合首字母p，判定单词为prove，prove意为“证明，证实”。 4． 句意：在那个年代，很少有科学家会支持这项研究，因为整个社会固守旧的观点。情态动词would后面接动词原形；后文说全社会坚持旧看法，所以很少科学家支持这项新研究，结合首字母s，判定单词为 support，support意为“支持”。 5． 句意：因此它为现代天文学打开了一扇全新的大门，彻底改变了我们认识世界的方式。本句承接上文，这个惊人发现带来后面的结果，需要副词表因果，结合首字母T，判定单词为Thus，Thus意为“因此，所以”。 Passage 2 Everyone goes through difficult times, but the key is how we deal with them. Last year, I was a 1 to my phone. I spent hours playing games on my phone and never f 2 on my studies. My grades dropped, and I even started h 3 school. Then one day, I read an article in the n 4 . The article talked about how our phones can affect our lives if we don’t use them wisely. That article woke me up. I decided to make a change. First, I set time limits on my phone. Then I learned to m 5 my time better. I made a schedule and stuck to it. Now I’m no longer the person who wasted hours on a phone. I’ve taken control of my life, and it feels great! 【答案】 1．addicted 2．focused 3．hating 4．newspaper 5．manage 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者去年沉迷手机影响学习，后来通过读报醒悟，学会管理时间并重获生活掌控权的经历。 【详解】1．句意：去年，我对手机十分上瘾。后文“spent hours playing games on my phone”说明“我”沉迷于手机；be addicted to意为“对……上瘾”，固定搭配，首字母a对应形容词addicted，在句中作表语。 2．句意：我花数小时在手机上玩游戏，从不专注于学习。前文提到“我”沉迷手机，因此无法把注意力放在学习上。focus on意为“专注于，集中注意力于”，叙述去年发生的事用一般过去时，focus变为过去式focused。 3．句意：我的成绩下滑，甚至开始讨厌上学。成绩下滑带来负面影响，进而产生厌学情绪。start doing sth.表示“开始做某事”，首字母h对应动词hate“讨厌”，变为动名词hating。 4．句意：后来有一天，我在报纸上读到一篇文章。后文“The article talked about how our phones can affect our lives”说明文章刊登在报刊上，首字母n对应名词newspaper。 5．句意：然后我学会了更好地管理我的时间。作者想要改变现状，给自己手机设置时间限制，制定时间表，说明要学会管理时间。learn to do sth.表示“学会做某事”，manage one’s time意为“管理某人的时间”，首字母m对应动词manage。 Passage 3 Liu Cixin is the most famous science fiction writer in China. His works mix rich Chinese c 1 with amazing space stories. He is good at using Chinese history and local stories as backgrounds to show special Chinese ideas to the whole world. He has the strong ability to i 2 fantastic scenes, such as The Wandering Earth and mysterious alien worlds. His c 3 mind turns cold science into touching stories full of wonders. Unlike common daily writing, he builds grand cosmic worlds beyond people’s usual thoughts. His great work The Three-Body Problem w 4 the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2015, making Chinese science fiction known worldwide. Liu always e 5 students to hold curiosity and never give up dreaming about space. More teenagers become interested in physics, astronomy and space travel after reading his books. 【答案】 1．culture 2．imagine 3．creative 4．won 5．encourages 【导语】本文是一篇人物介绍类短文，主要讲述了中国著名科幻作家刘慈欣的写作风格、代表作品及其对青少年的积极影响。 【详解】1．句意：他的作品将丰富的中国文化与令人惊叹的太空故事相融合。根据后一句“He is good at using Chinese history and local stories as backgrounds to show special Chinese ideas to the whole world.”可知，他将中国文化和太空故事相融合，首字母“c”，表示“文化”，可用名词“culture”，此处是不可数名词，原形即可，故填“culture”。 2．句意：他有构建奇幻场景的强大能力，比如《流浪地球》和神秘的异星世界。根据“such as The Wandering Earth and mysterious alien worlds.”可知，他有强大的“想象、构思”能力，首字母“i”，表示“想象、构思”，可用动词“imagine”，且和前面的“to”构成不定式作后置定语，故填“imagine”。 3．句意：他的创造性思维将冰冷的科学转化为触动人心的故事。此处应是形容词修饰“mind”，首字母为“c”，可用形容词“creative”，表示“有创造力的”，符合句意，故填“creative”。 4．句意：他的伟大作品《三体》在2015年获得了雨果奖最佳小说奖。根据“the Hugo Award”，可知空格处表示“赢得”，首字母为“w”，可用动词“win”，且描述过去的事情，需填动词过去式“won”。 5．句意：刘慈欣总是鼓励学生保持好奇心，不要放弃对宇宙的梦想。根据后一句“More teenagers become interested in physics, astronomy and space travel after reading his books.”，可知他总是“鼓励”学生，首字母为“e”，表示“鼓励”，可用动词“encourage”，由“always”可知句子是一般现在时，主语“Liu”为单数，用第三人称单数形式“encourages”。 Passage 4 When I was a teenager, I once spent my v 1 at my grandparents’ house. I used to enjoy staying with them, but somehow we had plenty of disagreements that summer. We talked about many things, and our conversations sometimes turned a little a 2 because of different opinions. One hot afternoon, I argued with Grandma loudly. My impolite words hurt her deeply, and I saw her eyes f 3 with tears. At that moment, I could h 4 believe what I had done. It was really a shame for me to treat her in such a rude way. I took a deep breath and said sorry to her sincerely. Grandma forgave me at once. Surprisingly, this special experience helped to s 5 the bonds between us. From this experience, I learned that we should value our family members and learn to control our feelings. 【答案】 1．vacation 2．awkward 3．filled 4．hardly 5．strengthen 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者青少年时期在祖父母家度假时，因意见不合与祖母发生争吵，但在真诚道歉后不仅获得原谅，反而加深了彼此感情的经历。文章旨在告诉我们要珍惜家人并学会控制情绪。 【详解】1．句意：当我还是个青少年的时候，我曾经在我的祖父母家度过我的假期。根据后文“that summer”以及首字母“v”提示，此处指度过假期，vacation符合语境。 2．句意：我们谈论了很多事情，由于观点不同，我们的谈话有时会变得有点尴尬。根据前文“disagreements”和后文“different opinions”可知，意见不合会导致谈话气氛变得尴尬或紧张，结合首字母“a”，awkward符合语境。 3．句意：我看到她的眼里充满了泪水。短语“fill with”意为“充满……”，此处是“see+宾语+宾补”结构，眼睛被泪水充满，表示状态，结合首字母“f”，filled符合语境。 4．句意：在那一刻，我几乎不敢相信我所做的一切。根据语境，作者看到奶奶流泪感到后悔和震惊，表示否定的含义，修饰动词believe，结合首字母“h”，hardly“几乎不”符合语境。 5．句意：令人惊讶的是，这段特殊的经历有助于加强我们之间的纽带。help to do sth.意为“帮助做某事”，此处需要动词原形。根据语境，经历误会和解后，关系变得更紧密了，结合首字母“s”，动词strengthen“加强”符合语境。 Passage 5 Our school magazine has an advice column called “Teen to Teen”. It o 1 a helpline for students to share their problems. The helpline is run daily by volunteers. Many students call because they feel stressed about exams. Some feel m 2 because of bullying or heavy homework. Others hate certain subjects and feel a 3 about their grades. They think they are the only ones facing these difficulties. But the truth is, everyone meets challenges in life. The column provides a safe space where students can speak openly without fear. When students write to the column, the team will r 4 to the problems in every letter with useful advice and kind words. Every student can find help in this special s 5 of the magazine. Whether you are dealing with pressure from parents or feeling left out by friends, the advice column is always there for you. 【答案】 1．offers 2．miserable 3．anxious 4．reply 5．section 【导语】本文主要介绍了学校杂志中一个名为“Teen to Teen”的建议专栏，该专栏为学生提供帮助热线，解答他们关于考试、霸凌、作业及成绩等方面的困扰，是一个让学生敞开心扉的安全空间。 【详解】1．句意：它提供了一条热线供学生们分享他们的问题。主语It指代前文的advice column或magazine，为第三人称单数。文章陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时。根据首字母o及语境“提供热线”，应填动词offer的第三人称单数形式offers。 2．句意：有些人因为霸凌或繁重的作业而感到痛苦。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据首字母m及语境because of bullying or heavy homework（因为霸凌或繁重的作业），此处应表示负面情绪。miserable意为“痛苦的、难受的”，符合语境。 3．句意：其他人讨厌某些科目，并对他们的成绩感到焦虑。feel为系动词，后接形容词。根据首字母a及语境about their grades（关于他们的成绩）和前文的stressed（有压力的），此处应表示担忧。anxious意为“焦虑的”，常与about连用，符合语境。 4．句意：当学生给专栏写信时，团队将会回复每一封信中的问题，提供有用的建议和友善的话语。will为情态动词，后接动词原形。根据首字母r及语境to the problems（针对问题），reply to为固定搭配，意为“回复”。故填reply。 5．句意：每个学生都能在这本杂志的这个特殊板块中找到帮助。special为形容词，修饰后面的名词。根据首字母s及语境of the magazine（杂志的……），此处指杂志的栏目或板块。section意为“板块、栏目”，符合语境。 Passage 6 Once upon a time, there was a king. P 1 Arthur was the king’s eldest son, but he always ignored (忽视) his royal (王室的) duties. He h 2 ever talked to common people or visited the farms in person. When a big flood came, he ordered the army to protect all his stored food. Hungry villagers cried for help, yet he refused to change his order. That action p 3 he was totally unfit (不适合的) to inherit (继承) the royal crown. The king decided to take immediate action. He chose his daughter to d 4 Arthur as the next ruler. Arthur was sent to a small village. There he grew vegetables and made good friends with local people. As time went by, he fell in love with this quiet, simple country life. One day, his sister came to visit and asked whether he missed the grand palace. Arthur smiled and said he was perfectly s 5 with his new life. 【答案】 1．Prince 2．hardly 3．proved 4．displace 5．satisfied 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了亚瑟王子因忽视王室职责而被国王剥夺继承权，被送到村庄后反而爱上简单生活的故事。 【详解】1．句意：亚瑟王子是国王的长子，但他总是忽视他的王室职责。根据上下文“there was a king”和“Arthur was the king’s eldest son”，亚瑟是国王的儿子，即“王子”。首字母为P，且位于句首需大写，故填Prince。 2．句意：他几乎从不与平民交谈或亲自参观农场。根据前文“ignored his royal duties”，他忽视职责，很少接触百姓。固定短语hardly ever意为“几乎不”，符合语境及首字母h提示，故填hardly。 3．句意：那个行动证明了他完全不适合继承王冠。 句子描述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时。根据语境，他的行为“证明”了他不适合，首字母为p，prove的过去式为proved，故填proved。 4．句意：他选择他的女儿来取代亚瑟成为下一任统治者。 choose sb. to do sth.意为“选择某人做某事”，此处填动词原形。根据语境，女儿被选为统治者，意味着要“取代”亚瑟的位置。首字母为d，displace意为“取代、置换”，符合语境，故填displace。 5．句意：亚瑟微笑着说他对自己的新生活完全满意。 根据前文“fell in love with this quiet, simple country life”，他喜欢现在的生活。固定搭配be satisfied with意为“对……满意”，首字母为s，故填satisfied。 Passage 7 Last week, my deskmate shouted at me because I soiled (弄脏) his new shoes, and the scuff marks (擦痕) were difficult to r 1 . I thought he shouldn't be so angry with me because I didn’t mean to do it. After quarrelling (争吵), I faced a(n) a 2 situation with my deskmate. We didn’t talk to each other for three whole days, and the quiet atmosphere between us made me sad. I thought it would be a s 3 if we weren’t friends any more. So I made a d 4 to break the ice first. I planned to apologize to him sincerely. I told him that I felt sorry for my careless mistake. To my surprise, he smiled and said he also wanted to fix our friendship. This small experience taught me a lot. If we hide our feelings, misunderstandings will stay. Only brave action can clear bad moods. Every honest effort s 5 our connections with people around us. 【答案】 1．remove 2．awkward 3．shame 4．decision 5．strengthens 【导语】本文讲述了作者因弄脏同桌的新鞋而与同桌发生争吵，之后主动道歉、修复友谊的经历，并从中明白了真诚沟通的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：上周，我的同桌对我大喊大叫，因为我弄脏了他的新鞋，而且那些擦痕很难去除。结合生活常识，弄脏鞋子后最常见的诉求就是去除擦痕，再搭配首字母r，对应动词remove。动词不定式后用动词原形。 2．句意：争吵之后，我和同桌面临着一个尴尬的局面。根据下文“We didn't talk to each other for three whole days”可知，两人三天没说话，局面很尴尬。根据首字母a可知，此处表示“尴尬的”，英文对应单词是awkward。 3．句意：我想如果我们不再是朋友，那将是一种遗憾。根据下文“if we weren't friends any more”可知，作者认为失去友谊是一种遗憾。根据首字母s可知，此处表示“遗憾、羞耻”，英文对应单词是shame。 4．句意：所以我决定先打破僵局。前文提到作者不想失去这段友谊，后文提到“我打算真诚地向他道歉”，说明作者下定了主动打破僵局的决心，搭配首字母d，对应名词decision，make a decision为固定搭配，意为“做决定”。根据首字母d可知，此处填decision。 5．句意：每一次真诚的努力都会加强我们与周围人的联系。根据“our connections with people around us”以及首字母s的提示，可知此处表示“加强”，strengthen意为“加强”；Every honest effort为单数主语，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填strengthens。 Passage 8 On 26 May 2026, Guangzhou set up the province’s first youth online protection alliance (联盟) in Yuexiu District. Its a 1 is to solve common online problems that teenagers face in the AI era, such as internet addiction, harmful information and cyberbullying. Many teenagers feel heavy p 2 from spending too much time online. Some get addicted to online games or short videos, which may a 3 their schoolwork and physical health. Worse still, harmful behaviour like cyberbullying can even do great harm to their mental health. To deal with these problems, the alliance works together with the government, schools and companies. It also runs “internet literacy classes” on campus. These classes teach students how to manage their screen time p 4 and stay away from harmful online content. With the support of the alliance, teenagers can enjoy the internet without being addicted to it. Let’s learn to use the internet safely and focus on a healthy, b 5 life both online and offline. 【答案】 1．aim 2．pressure 3．affect 4．properly 5．balanced 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了广东省首个青少年网络保护联盟在广州越秀成立，联盟旨在解决人工智能时代青少年遇到的各类网络问题，同时开设网络素养课程引导青少年合理、安全使用网络。 【详解】1．句意：它的目标是解决人工智能时代青少年面临的常见网络问题，例如网瘾、有害信息以及网络欺凌。its后面接名词；“to solve common online problems that teenagers face in the AI era”是青少年网络保护联盟的目标，结合首字母a提示，aim意为“目标”，符合语境。 2．句意：许多青少年因花太多时间上网而感到巨大的压力。heavy后面接名词；青少年上网时间过长会感受到沉重的压力，结合首字母p提示，pressure意为“压力”，符合语境。 3．句意：一些青少年沉迷网游或者短视频，这可能会影响他们的学业和身体健康。may是情态动词，后面接动词原形；沉迷网络会影响学业和身体健康，结合首字母a提示，affect意为“影响”，符合语境。 4．句意：这些课程教学生如何恰当地管理屏幕使用时间，远离有害网络内容。此处修饰动词manage，需要用副词；课程的目的是教学生如何恰当地管理屏幕使用时间，结合首字母p提示，properly意为“适当地，恰当地”，符合语境。 5．句意：让我们学会安全使用网络，专注于线上和线下兼顾的健康均衡生活。此处修饰名词life，需要用形容词；根据“both online and offline”可知，此处指均衡的生活，balanced意为“均衡的”，结合首字母b提示，balanced意为“均衡的”，符合语境。 Passage 9 Wang Zhenyi was a famous scientist from China who lived over 200 years ago. She loved learning about maths, astronomy, and many other subjects. At a time when most girls were not allowed to study, she m 1 to teach herself by reading books and doing experiments. One of her most famous experiments used a round table, a mirror, and a l 2 . She used these simple things to explain how lunar eclipses happen. She showed that the Earth, Moon, and Sun move in space and that their shadows can cause eclipses. Her ideas helped people understand the universe better. Wang also wrote many p 3 , writing about unusually modern topics. She wanted everyone, especially girls, to believe they could learn science. She once wrote, “It’s not that women can’t be excellent.” Today, people around the world remember Wang Zhenyi as an o 4 woman scholar. There is even a crater on Venus named after her. She was c 5 to be smart and brave. Her story inspires young people to keep asking questions and exploring the world. 【答案】 1．managed 2．lamp 3．poems 4．outstanding 5．considered 【导语】本文为记叙文（人物传记），介绍清代女科学家王贞仪在女性不被允许学习的时代，通过自学成为杰出学者，在数学、天文学领域做出贡献，并以诗作和行动激励后人。 【详解】1．句意：在大多数女孩不被允许学习的时代，她通过阅读书籍和做实验来自学。该空位于主语she和不定式to teach herself之间，需填动词过去式作谓语。首字母m提示“managed”，构成“managed to do”表示“设法做成某事”，呼应前文“were not allowed”与她自学成功的对比。 2．句意：她用一个圆桌、一面镜子和一盏灯做实验。该空与“a round table, a mirror”并列作used的宾语，需填名词单数。她用简单的日常物品解释月食现象，其中灯是常见的光源，因此该词应为“灯”。结合首字母l，可知用lamp表示“灯”。 3．句意：王贞仪还写了许多诗，内容涉及异常现代的主题。该空位于many之后，需填名词复数作wrote的宾语。后文“writing about unusually modern topics”说明她诗作内容超前，且“many”修饰复数名词，从首字母p和内容可推断为“诗歌”，所以用poems。 4．句意：如今，世界各地的人们都记得王贞仪是一位杰出的女学者。该空位于冠词an和名词woman scholar之间，需填形容词作定语。前文提到她在天文学和数学上的贡献，后文说金星上有以她命名的陨石坑，都说明她成就非凡。结合首字母o，所以用outstanding表示“杰出的，优秀的”。 5．句意：她被认为既聪明又勇敢。该空位于was和to be之间，需填过去分词构成被动语态。后文直接引用“smart and brave”是人们对她的评价，前文也提到她受人铭记，说明这是大众对她的普遍看法。结合首字母c，用considered表示“认为”。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题05 首字母填空 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 首字母填空是广州卷的特色题型，也是失分最集中的一题。题目给出一篇短文，在若干处留空并给出首字母，要求写出完整单词且使用正确形式。它同时考查三件事：由句意猜出词义、由首字母锁定拼写、由句法确定词形（时态、语态、单复数、比较级、词性转换）。三者缺一，答案即错。 本次特训共收录 9 篇、45 个空，取材兼顾人物传记（清代女科学家王贞仪、科幻作家刘慈欣、亚瑟王子、哥白尼）、成长叙事（与祖父母的争执、与同桌的矛盾）与现实议题（广州青少年网络保护联盟、如何面对困境、校刊“Teen to Teen”心理专栏），与沪教版九年级上册“人物”“成长”“社会”三条主线吻合。 二、命题特点 （1）“首字母 + 句意 + 词形”三重校验缺一不可：王贞仪一篇第 1 题，空处位于主语 she 与不定式 to teach herself 之间，须填过去式谓语，结合首字母 m 与“设法做成”之意，故填 managed。 （2）固定搭配是定案关键：同篇第 2 题由 a round table, a mirror and a ___ 的并列结构确定填名词单数，首字母 l 指向 lamp；第 5 题 was ___ to be 指向被动语态，首字母 c 对应 considered。 （3）词性判断先于拼写：第 4 题空处位于冠词 an 与名词 woman scholar 之间，必须填形容词，故为 outstanding 而非 outstand。 （4）单复数与冠词呼应：many 后必为复数（poems），a/an 后必为单数，这是首字母题最容易被忽略的“形式分”。 （5）每篇 5 空、共 9 篇，题量集中，且同一篇内往往“名词—动词—形容词”交替，便于用词性分布自检。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 45 题梳理） （1）动词类（约 14 题）：时态、语态、非谓语三种形式，占比最高。 （2）名词类（约 12 题）：单复数与不可数名词的判定。 （3）形容词类（约 10 题）：作定语或表语，注意 -ing/-ed 与比较等级。 （4）副词类（约 5 题）：修饰动词或形容词。 （5）连词与介词类（约 4 题）：句间逻辑与固定搭配。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全篇，先把握时态主线与文体（传记多用过去时，说明文多用现在时）。 第二步：逐空先定“词性”——看空处前后是什么词、在句中作什么成分。 第三步：再定“词义”——结合首字母与上下文（尤其并列结构、固定搭配）猜出单词。 第四步：最后定“词形”——动词查时态语态、名词查单复数、形容词查等级，并逐词核对拼写与首字母是否一致。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】语境推断——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“…y satisfied with the traditional b 1 that the Earth was the absolute cen…”。解题时要由上下文语义与所给首字母共同锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 belief。 【点拨2】词形变化——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“…ying games on my phone and never f 2 on my studies. My grades dropped, a…”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 focused。 【点拨3】语境推断——以 Passage 3 题 3 为例：原文写道“…and mysterious alien worlds. His c 3 mind turns cold science into touchi…”。解题时要由上下文语义与所给首字母共同锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 creative。 【点拨4】词形变化——以 Passage 4 题 4 为例：原文写道“…h tears. At that moment, I could h 4 believe what I had done. It was rea…”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 hardly。 【点拨5】词形变化——以 Passage 6 题 5 为例：原文写道“…d palace. Arthur smiled and said he was perfectly s 5 with his new life.”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 satisfied。 【点拨6】语境推断——以 Passage 7 题 1 为例：原文写道“…uff marks (擦痕) were difficult to r 1 . I thought he shouldn't be so angr…”。解题时要由上下文语义与所给首字母共同锁定词义；结合所给首字母，故填 remove。 【点拨7】固定搭配——以 Passage 8 题 2 为例：原文写道“Many teenagers feel heavy p 2 from spending too much time online. Some g…”。解题时要与后续的介词或不定式构成固定搭配；结合所给首字母，故填 pressure。 【点拨8】词形变化——以 Passage 9 题 3 为例：原文写道“Wang also wrote many p 3 , writing about unusually modern topics. She wa…”。解题时要把所填词变为正确形式（时态、语态、单复数或比较等级）；结合所给首字母，故填 poems。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“只写词根不变形”：manage 写成 manage（应为 managed）、consider 写成 consider（应为 considered），是首字母填空最大的失分点。 • 忌“无视首字母”：写出的词必须与给定首字母完全一致，否则整空不得分。 • 忌“单复数漏 S”：many/several 之后、one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，都是必考复数的位置。 • 忌“拼写想当然”：outstanding、strengthen、awkward 等词易拼错，写完须逐字母核对。 Passage 1 In the past, human awareness about the vast universe was quite limited. Most people were completely satisfied with the traditional b 1 that the Earth was the absolute centre of everything, never questioning the stars above. However, Nicholas Copernicus proposed a bold new theory to disprove this incorrect idea. He c 2 that our planet actually travels around the Sun. Decades later, Galileo used his newly-invented telescope to p 3 this great scientific truth through careful observations. In those days, few scientists would s 4 the research, for the whole society stuck to the old-fashioned view. This amazing discovery successfully challenged the old rules and encouraged people to think independently. T 5 it opened a brand-new door for modern astronomy and completely changed how we understand the world. Passage 2 Everyone goes through difficult times, but the key is how we deal with them. Last year, I was a 1 to my phone. I spent hours playing games on my phone and never f 2 on my studies. My grades dropped, and I even started h 3 school. Then one day, I read an article in the n 4 . The article talked about how our phones can affect our lives if we don’t use them wisely. That article woke me up. I decided to make a change. First, I set time limits on my phone. Then I learned to m 5 my time better. I made a schedule and stuck to it. Now I’m no longer the person who wasted hours on a phone. I’ve taken control of my life, and it feels great! Passage 3 Liu Cixin is the most famous science fiction writer in China. His works mix rich Chinese c 1 with amazing space stories. He is good at using Chinese history and local stories as backgrounds to show special Chinese ideas to the whole world. He has the strong ability to i 2 fantastic scenes, such as The Wandering Earth and mysterious alien worlds. His c 3 mind turns cold science into touching stories full of wonders. Unlike common daily writing, he builds grand cosmic worlds beyond people’s usual thoughts. His great work The Three-Body Problem w 4 the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2015, making Chinese science fiction known worldwide. Liu always e 5 students to hold curiosity and never give up dreaming about space. More teenagers become interested in physics, astronomy and space travel after reading his books. Passage 4 When I was a teenager, I once spent my v 1 at my grandparents’ house. I used to enjoy staying with them, but somehow we had plenty of disagreements that summer. We talked about many things, and our conversations sometimes turned a little a 2 because of different opinions. One hot afternoon, I argued with Grandma loudly. My impolite words hurt her deeply, and I saw her eyes f 3 with tears. At that moment, I could h 4 believe what I had done. It was really a shame for me to treat her in such a rude way. I took a deep breath and said sorry to her sincerely. Grandma forgave me at once. Surprisingly, this special experience helped to s 5 the bonds between us. From this experience, I learned that we should value our family members and learn to control our feelings. Passage 5 Our school magazine has an advice column called “Teen to Teen”. It o 1 a helpline for students to share their problems. The helpline is run daily by volunteers. Many students call because they feel stressed about exams. Some feel m 2 because of bullying or heavy homework. Others hate certain subjects and feel a 3 about their grades. They think they are the only ones facing these difficulties. But the truth is, everyone meets challenges in life. The column provides a safe space where students can speak openly without fear. When students write to the column, the team will r 4 to the problems in every letter with useful advice and kind words. Every student can find help in this special s 5 of the magazine. Whether you are dealing with pressure from parents or feeling left out by friends, the advice column is always there for you. Passage 6 Once upon a time, there was a king. P 1 Arthur was the king’s eldest son, but he always ignored (忽视) his royal (王室的) duties. He h 2 ever talked to common people or visited the farms in person. When a big flood came, he ordered the army to protect all his stored food. Hungry villagers cried for help, yet he refused to change his order. That action p 3 he was totally unfit (不适合的) to inherit (继承) the royal crown. The king decided to take immediate action. He chose his daughter to d 4 Arthur as the next ruler. Arthur was sent to a small village. There he grew vegetables and made good friends with local people. As time went by, he fell in love with this quiet, simple country life. One day, his sister came to visit and asked whether he missed the grand palace. Arthur smiled and said he was perfectly s 5 with his new life. Passage 7 Last week, my deskmate shouted at me because I soiled (弄脏) his new shoes, and the scuff marks (擦痕) were difficult to r 1 . I thought he shouldn't be so angry with me because I didn’t mean to do it. After quarrelling (争吵), I faced a(n) a 2 situation with my deskmate. We didn’t talk to each other for three whole days, and the quiet atmosphere between us made me sad. I thought it would be a s 3 if we weren’t friends any more. So I made a d 4 to break the ice first. I planned to apologize to him sincerely. I told him that I felt sorry for my careless mistake. To my surprise, he smiled and said he also wanted to fix our friendship. This small experience taught me a lot. If we hide our feelings, misunderstandings will stay. Only brave action can clear bad moods. Every honest effort s 5 our connections with people around us. Passage 8 On 26 May 2026, Guangzhou set up the province’s first youth online protection alliance (联盟) in Yuexiu District. Its a 1 is to solve common online problems that teenagers face in the AI era, such as internet addiction, harmful information and cyberbullying. Many teenagers feel heavy p 2 from spending too much time online. Some get addicted to online games or short videos, which may a 3 their schoolwork and physical health. Worse still, harmful behaviour like cyberbullying can even do great harm to their mental health. To deal with these problems, the alliance works together with the government, schools and companies. It also runs “internet literacy classes” on campus. These classes teach students how to manage their screen time p 4 and stay away from harmful online content. With the support of the alliance, teenagers can enjoy the internet without being addicted to it. Let’s learn to use the internet safely and focus on a healthy, b 5 life both online and offline. Passage 9 Wang Zhenyi was a famous scientist from China who lived over 200 years ago. She loved learning about maths, astronomy, and many other subjects. At a time when most girls were not allowed to study, she m 1 to teach herself by reading books and doing experiments. One of her most famous experiments used a round table, a mirror, and a l 2 . She used these simple things to explain how lunar eclipses happen. She showed that the Earth, Moon, and Sun move in space and that their shadows can cause eclipses. Her ideas helped people understand the universe better. Wang also wrote many p 3 , writing about unusually modern topics. She wanted everyone, especially girls, to believe they could learn science. She once wrote, “It’s not that women can’t be excellent.” Today, people around the world remember Wang Zhenyi as an o 4 woman scholar. There is even a crater on Venus named after her. She was c 5 to be smart and brave. Her story inspires young people to keep asking questions and exploring the world. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $