专题05 语法填空-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年九年级上册英语期中考前梯度特训（沪教版·深圳专用）

考前特训 专题05 语法填空 期中考满分冲刺（深圳专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 语法填空是深圳中考英语考查学生语法知识在语篇中综合运用能力的题型。短文留出若干空白，部分括号给出提示词须变形，其余须根据语境填入恰当的词，使文章语法正确、语意完整。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、80 个设空，篇幅在 120—252 词之间，话题涵盖中外科学家（陈俊武、阿基米德、爱迪生、叶嘉莹）、自然奥秘（动物体色）与成长故事等。每篇约 7 道提示词题与 3 道盲填空题，重在“词形变化 + 虚词搭配”双线并进。 二、命题特点 （1）一句一空、语境限定：每空间距很小，答案须符合句子结构与上下文逻辑，不能脱离语境凭语感乱填。 （2）提示词题考“词形变化”：括号给出原形，要求写出正确形式，如 leave→left、develop→developed、he→his / himself，涉及时态、语态、词性转换、代词形式。 （3）盲填题考“虚词与搭配”：无提示处常填冠词、介词、连词、代词或固定结构，如 about / on、to、from、who / that。 （4）语法点覆盖面广：时态、语态、非谓语、比较级、从句引导词、词性转换轮流出现，重在基础语法的准确运用。 （5）拼写与形式并重：答案既要求词形正确，也要求拼写、单复数、大小写无误，是语言准确性的直接考查。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 80 题梳理） （1）动词形式（约 28 空）：时态、语态、非谓语，如 leave→left、develop→developed、give→gave。 （2）词性转换（约 16 空）：名→形、动→名/副、形→副，如 important→importance、he→his。 （3）代词（约 10 空）：人称、物主、反身、关系代词，如 his、himself、who / that。 （4）介词与连词（约 16 空）：固定搭配与句间逻辑，如 about / on、to、from。 （5）名词与冠词（约 10 空）：单复数、冠词 a / an / the。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全文，把握大意、时态基调与体裁，初步判断文章的人称、时态与整体语境，不急于填空。 第二步：提示词题，判断需转化的词性（名/动/形/副）与形态（时态、语态、单复数、比较级、反身代词等），写出正确形式。 第三步：盲填题，分析句子成分缺什么词（冠词、介词、连词、代词或固定结构），结合搭配与逻辑填入。 第四步：复查拼写、单复数、时态、大小写与搭配，把答案代入原文通读一遍，确保语法正确、语意通顺。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】时态呼应——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“He 1 (tell) her, “My teacher gave this letter to me and told me to only give 2 to my mother.” His mother was tearful as she read 3 letter out loud to her child, “Your …”。该空考查时态呼应，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 told。 【点拨2】连词逻辑——以 Passage 2 题 1 为例：原文写道“He was 1 curious about nature that he always found new questions to study.”。该空考查连词逻辑，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 so。 【点拨3】词性转换——以 Passage 3 题 1 为例：原文写道“In the animal world, colour is of great 1 (important) to nature’s animals, birds and insects (昆虫).”。该空考查词性转换，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 importance。 【点拨4】词性转换——以 Passage 4 题 2 为例：原文写道“Gu Sui, a respected master of Chinese literature, 2 (great) affected her understanding of poetry, life and teaching styles.”。该空考查词性转换，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 greatly。 【点拨5】介词搭配——以 Passage 5 题 1 为例：原文写道“One winter, he got a job offer to work 1 a manager in a big company.”。该空考查介词搭配，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 as。 【点拨6】时态呼应——以 Passage 6 题 1 为例：原文写道“He 1 (leave) Peking University in 1948 and then threw 2 (he) heart into China’s oil industry (石油工业).”。该空考查时态呼应，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 left。 【点拨7】词性转换——以 Passage 7 题 2 为例：原文写道“All at once, Jim’s rod bent 2 (sharp).”。该空考查词性转换，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 sharply。 【点拨8】名词单复数——以 Passage 8 题 1 为例：原文写道“As robots and artificial intelligence (AI) take over more 1 (job), experts are putting greater importance on “emotional education”.”。该空考查名词单复数，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 jobs。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“无视提示词词性”：先定词性再变形。 • 忌“时态不统一”：忽视全文时态主线。 • 忌“冠介连代混淆”：盲填先想句子成分。 • 忌“拼写马虎”：词形变化后拼写须准确。 Passage 1 One day, Thomas Edison came home and gave a letter to his mother. He 1 (tell) her, “My teacher gave this letter to me and told me to only give 2 to my mother.” His mother was tearful as she read 3 letter out loud to her child, “Your son is a genius. This school is too small for him and doesn’t have enough good 4 (teacher) to train him. Please teach him 5 (your).” Many years after Edison’s mother’s death, Edison became one of 6 (great) inventors of the century. One day, he was going through the old closet and he found a letter that 7 (give) to him by his teacher for his mother. He opened it. The message 8 (write) on the letter was, “Your son is mentally ill. We cannot let him 9 (attend) our school anymore. He is expelled.” Edison was moved when reading it and then he wrote in his diary, “Thomas Alva Edison was a mentally ill child whose mother turned him 10 the genius of the century.” From this, we know that a mother’s love and upbringing can help change the destiny of a child. Passage 2 Archimedes is one of the greatest ancient Greek scientists and mathematicians. He loved thinking and exploring problems in daily life. He was 1 curious about nature that he always found new questions to study. One year, he faced a difficult physical problem 2 puzzled many scholars. For days, he kept 3 (think) day and night but got no answer. One evening, he took a bath to relax 4 (he). When he stepped into the bathtub, he noticed water run over the edge. Suddenly, he got a brilliant idea! 5 wonderful discovery moment it was! He rushed out and tested his idea again and again. Finally, he solved the difficult problem 6 (success). So far, his discovery 7 (change) people's understanding of buoyancy. Never give up when you meet difficulties, 8 great ideas may come at any time. His experience tells us that creativity 9 (come) from careful observation and persistent thinking. We should learn 10 (keep) thinking in our daily study. Passage 3 In the animal world, colour is of great 1 (important) to nature’s animals, birds and insects (昆虫). Often it can save their 2 (life). Nature is beautiful and we can see its beauty everywhere. Nature is full of colours. Plants, animals, birds and insects have many beautiful colours. Colour, 3 , for animals, birds and insects is not only beauty. It means life to them because it helps them hide from other 4 (danger) animals. Some birds use their colours to tell other birds to stay away 5 their “houses” in the tree. They sing and move their wings 6 (show) their colours as a message to other birds. One kind of butterfly is orange and black. Birds do not enjoy 7 (eat) them because they have a bad taste. Once a bird eats this kind of butterfly, it remembers the bad taste. One kind of fish can change 8 (it) colour. The colour is 9 same as the sea plants. Other fish can’t see it. Of course, the chameleon (变色龙) is the most famous because it can change its body as it walks from a tree onto green plants. You can see it 10 (turn) green as you watch. Passage 4 Florence Chia-ying Yeh, also known as Ye Jiaying, was a great mind in literature. In 1924, she was born into a literary family in Beijing. Because of her family background, she had chances 1 (learn) classical poetry and the English language from a young age. In 1941, she started studying poetry at university. Gu Sui, a respected master of Chinese literature, 2 (great) affected her understanding of poetry, life and teaching styles. In 3 1950s and 1960s, Yeh taught at universities in Taiwan, China. In 1969, she moved to Canada. Later, she started teaching in Peking University. She spent her final decades 4 (work) at Nankai University. Yeh’s life 5 (fill) with sad stories. She lost her mother 6 she was only 17 years old. Later, when she reached middle age, another terrible thing happened—her eldest daughter died. It was probably 7 (hard) time in her life; however, she kept her study of poetry, which gave her a lot of support. At 92, she chose 218 ancient poems for children. She recorded videos about the poems too. 8 (she) videos were popular on Chinese social media platforms and she gained many fans. During Yeh’s later years, although she couldn’t walk well, she kept giving 9 (lecture) to students in a wheelchair. She always lowered the threshold (入门门槛) for enjoying poetry and guided the students step by step. 10 November 24, 2024, Yeh passed away in Tianjin. She was confident that poetry could heal the pain in people’s hearts. And her achievements will continue to make a difference to the future generations. Passage 5 Mr Yang worked in a small factory in Shenzhen. One winter, he got a job offer to work 1 a manager in a big company. The only problem was that 2 company was in Guangzhou, rather than in Shenzhen. After a long talk with his wife, Mr Yang made a 3 (decide) to move to Guangzhou. A few days later, they told the news to their son, Mingming. Mingming was very surprised and felt 4 (happy). He didn’t want to leave his friends and school. When the moving day came, Mingming 5 (appear). His parents couldn’t find him anywhere. 6 (actual), he went to visit his best friend, Junjun. Mingming told Junjun how sad he was. Junjun listened and said, “Your parents love you. They are moving for a 7 (nice) job and a better life. Maybe you should understand them.” He also suggested that Mingming make new friends in Guangzhou. He said the family should always try 8 (stay) together. Mingming thought about it 9 returned home. He said sorry to his parents and told them he was wrong. He said he would go with them to Guangzhou. This story teaches 10 (we) that family love is the most important thing. When we face changes, we should talk openly with our family. Understanding and love can help us solve any problem. Passage 6 Chen Junwu was a great scientist. He 1 (leave) Peking University in 1948 and then threw 2 (he) heart into China’s oil industry (石油工业). In the 1960s, Chen led the design of the first catalytic cracking unit (催化裂化装置) in China. It helped Chinese oil technology jump 20 years ahead. In the 1980s, he 3 (develop) a key technology with his own team. When he was very old, he still wrote a book 4 carbon emissions (碳排放), and it gave important advice 5 the country. His students said he checked every piece of data by 6 (him). Chen 7 (die) in 2024. He worked for over 70 years. He is a great man 8 loved our country deeply. “National needs are my lifelong direction,” he used to 9 (say). We should remember him and learn 10 him. （新华网报道《“七一勋章”获得者丨陈俊武：赤诚报国 初心滚烫》） Passage 7 Jim was eleven when he usually fished with his father on an island in the middle of a lake in New Hampshire. One evening, one day before bass fishing 1 (allow), they sat by the lake waiting for fish. All at once, Jim’s rod bent 2 (sharp). Something heavy pulled the line. His father watched with 3 (admire) while Jim pulled a big fish out of water. It was indeed a huge bass. Moonlight covered the beautiful fish. Dad 4 (light) a match to check his watch. It was 10 p.m., two hours before the fishing season started. He told Jim to put the fish back into the lake. Jim felt upset and said that no other fish would be so big. Jim glanced all over the lake. There were no boats or people nearby. Nobody would know 5 (they) secret. 6 it was a shame to let go of the bass, he knew the right 7 (choose). He carefully removed the hook and put the powerful fish back into dark water. Soon it swam away. Thirty-four years passed. Jim never got such a wonderful bass again. Every time he comes up against moral problems, the scene 8 (live) fresh in his memory. Telling right or wrong is easy, yet putting morality into practice is hard. This story is not about 9 (have) a chance to cheat, but about making an honest 10 (decide) that strengthens us all our lives. We are glad to pass this lesson to kids. Passage 8 “The more common machines become, the more we need to make our children ‘more human’, ”said Wu Rongjin, head of Shanghai Huangpu Luwan No.1 Central Primary School. As robots and artificial intelligence (AI) take over more 1 (job), experts are putting greater importance on “emotional education”. This prepares kids for the future by teaching 2 (they) what machines cannot do. For example, AI can 3 (quick) find out a health problem, but it cannot comfort a scared patient. Many schools in Shanghai have made emotional education classes a weekly must. Children learn 4 (care)  about others, love their country and respect life. They are also taught how to control their emotions and deal 5 stress. At Wu’s school, students 6 (encourage) to find “unsung heroes (无名英雄)” around them. The school has cameras in the hallways to help keep everyone safe. Now, they are also used to spot kind acts, such as students helping 7 classmate who has fallen. “These acts are then discussed in emotional education classes,” said Bao Yinglei, a teacher at the school. “It helps kids see the good in everyone, even if that classmate might not have the best grades.” Kindergartens in Shanghai are also improving moral (道德) education. In the past, when two children got into a fight, teachers often 8 (ask) one child to say sorry to end the argument quickly. Now, they encourage children to first share their feelings 9 then switch (互换) roles to explain what happened. “Emotional intelligence, along with independent thinking and the 10 (able) to keep trying, helps a person throughout life,” Wu said. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题05 语法填空 期中考满分冲刺（深圳专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 语法填空是深圳中考英语考查学生语法知识在语篇中综合运用能力的题型。短文留出若干空白，部分括号给出提示词须变形，其余须根据语境填入恰当的词，使文章语法正确、语意完整。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、80 个设空，篇幅在 120—252 词之间，话题涵盖中外科学家（陈俊武、阿基米德、爱迪生、叶嘉莹）、自然奥秘（动物体色）与成长故事等。每篇约 7 道提示词题与 3 道盲填空题，重在“词形变化 + 虚词搭配”双线并进。 二、命题特点 （1）一句一空、语境限定：每空间距很小，答案须符合句子结构与上下文逻辑，不能脱离语境凭语感乱填。 （2）提示词题考“词形变化”：括号给出原形，要求写出正确形式，如 leave→left、develop→developed、he→his / himself，涉及时态、语态、词性转换、代词形式。 （3）盲填题考“虚词与搭配”：无提示处常填冠词、介词、连词、代词或固定结构，如 about / on、to、from、who / that。 （4）语法点覆盖面广：时态、语态、非谓语、比较级、从句引导词、词性转换轮流出现，重在基础语法的准确运用。 （5）拼写与形式并重：答案既要求词形正确，也要求拼写、单复数、大小写无误，是语言准确性的直接考查。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 80 题梳理） （1）动词形式（约 28 空）：时态、语态、非谓语，如 leave→left、develop→developed、give→gave。 （2）词性转换（约 16 空）：名→形、动→名/副、形→副，如 important→importance、he→his。 （3）代词（约 10 空）：人称、物主、反身、关系代词，如 his、himself、who / that。 （4）介词与连词（约 16 空）：固定搭配与句间逻辑，如 about / on、to、from。 （5）名词与冠词（约 10 空）：单复数、冠词 a / an / the。 一、四步解题法 第一步：通读全文，把握大意、时态基调与体裁，初步判断文章的人称、时态与整体语境，不急于填空。 第二步：提示词题，判断需转化的词性（名/动/形/副）与形态（时态、语态、单复数、比较级、反身代词等），写出正确形式。 第三步：盲填题，分析句子成分缺什么词（冠词、介词、连词、代词或固定结构），结合搭配与逻辑填入。 第四步：复查拼写、单复数、时态、大小写与搭配，把答案代入原文通读一遍，确保语法正确、语意通顺。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】时态呼应——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“He 1 (tell) her, “My teacher gave this letter to me and told me to only give 2 to my mother.” His mother was tearful as she read 3 letter out loud to her child, “Your …”。该空考查时态呼应，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 told。 【点拨2】连词逻辑——以 Passage 2 题 1 为例：原文写道“He was 1 curious about nature that he always found new questions to study.”。该空考查连词逻辑，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 so。 【点拨3】词性转换——以 Passage 3 题 1 为例：原文写道“In the animal world, colour is of great 1 (important) to nature’s animals, birds and insects (昆虫).”。该空考查词性转换，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 importance。 【点拨4】词性转换——以 Passage 4 题 2 为例：原文写道“Gu Sui, a respected master of Chinese literature, 2 (great) affected her understanding of poetry, life and teaching styles.”。该空考查词性转换，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 greatly。 【点拨5】介词搭配——以 Passage 5 题 1 为例：原文写道“One winter, he got a job offer to work 1 a manager in a big company.”。该空考查介词搭配，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 as。 【点拨6】时态呼应——以 Passage 6 题 1 为例：原文写道“He 1 (leave) Peking University in 1948 and then threw 2 (he) heart into China’s oil industry (石油工业).”。该空考查时态呼应，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 left。 【点拨7】词性转换——以 Passage 7 题 2 为例：原文写道“All at once, Jim’s rod bent 2 (sharp).”。该空考查词性转换，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 sharply。 【点拨8】名词单复数——以 Passage 8 题 1 为例：原文写道“As robots and artificial intelligence (AI) take over more 1 (job), experts are putting greater importance on “emotional education”.”。该空考查名词单复数，需结合上下文语境与句子结构判断词形或词性，故填 jobs。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“无视提示词词性”：先定词性再变形。 • 忌“时态不统一”：忽视全文时态主线。 • 忌“冠介连代混淆”：盲填先想句子成分。 • 忌“拼写马虎”：词形变化后拼写须准确。 Passage 1 One day, Thomas Edison came home and gave a letter to his mother. He 1 (tell) her, “My teacher gave this letter to me and told me to only give 2 to my mother.” His mother was tearful as she read 3 letter out loud to her child, “Your son is a genius. This school is too small for him and doesn’t have enough good 4 (teacher) to train him. Please teach him 5 (your).” Many years after Edison’s mother’s death, Edison became one of 6 (great) inventors of the century. One day, he was going through the old closet and he found a letter that 7 (give) to him by his teacher for his mother. He opened it. The message 8 (write) on the letter was, “Your son is mentally ill. We cannot let him 9 (attend) our school anymore. He is expelled.” Edison was moved when reading it and then he wrote in his diary, “Thomas Alva Edison was a mentally ill child whose mother turned him 10 the genius of the century.” From this, we know that a mother’s love and upbringing can help change the destiny of a child. 【答案】 1．told 2．it 3．the 4．teachers 5．yourself 6．the greatest 7．was given 8．written 9．attend 10．into 【导语】本文讲述爱迪生小时候被学校劝退，母亲善意修改老师信件鼓励他，多年后爱迪生发现信件真相，感悟母爱能够改变孩子命运。 【详解】1．句意：他告诉她：“我的老师给了我这封信，并且告诉我只能把它交给我的妈妈。”故事发生在过去，全文使用一般过去时，tell的过去式是told，因此应填told。 2．句意：他告诉她：“我的老师给了我这封信，并且告诉我只能把它交给我的妈妈。”此处指代前文提到的a letter，指代单数物品，在动词give后作宾语，用人称代词宾格it，因此应填it。 3．句意：妈妈大声把这封信读给孩子听，眼里含着泪水。此处特指上文爱迪生带回家的那封信，名词letter前面要用定冠词the，因此应填the。 4．句意：这所学校对他来说太小了，没有足够多优秀的老师来培养他。enough后接可数名词复数，teacher的复数形式是teachers，因此应填teachers。 5．句意：请你亲自教他。结合上下文，老师信中意思是学校无法教导，让母亲自己来教，此处用反身代词yourself表示强调，意为“亲自”，因此应填yourself。 6．句意：在爱迪生母亲去世多年后，爱迪生成为那个世纪最伟大的发明家之一。固定结构one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，结合语境，great的最高级是greatest，因此应填the greatest。 7．句意：有一天，他翻旧壁橱，发现一封当年老师写给他母亲的信。先行词a letter和give之间是被动关系，信件是被老师交给他；事情发生在过去，使用一般过去时的被动语态was given，因此应填was given。 8．句意：写在信上的内容是：“你的儿子有智力问题，我们不能再让他来上学，他被退学了。”message和write是被动关系，表示“被写在信上”，此处用过去分词written作后置定语，因此应填written。 9．句意：你的儿子有智力问题，我们不能再让他来上学，他被退学了。固定搭配let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，因此应填attend。 10．句意：托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生原本是一个被认为心智有问题的孩子，是他的母亲把他变成了世纪天才。固定搭配turn…into…表示“把……变成……”，结合前后文，母亲将他培养成天才，因此应填into。 Passage 2 Archimedes is one of the greatest ancient Greek scientists and mathematicians. He loved thinking and exploring problems in daily life. He was 1 curious about nature that he always found new questions to study. One year, he faced a difficult physical problem 2 puzzled many scholars. For days, he kept 3 (think) day and night but got no answer. One evening, he took a bath to relax 4 (he). When he stepped into the bathtub, he noticed water run over the edge. Suddenly, he got a brilliant idea! 5 wonderful discovery moment it was! He rushed out and tested his idea again and again. Finally, he solved the difficult problem 6 (success). So far, his discovery 7 (change) people's understanding of buoyancy. Never give up when you meet difficulties, 8 great ideas may come at any time. His experience tells us that creativity 9 (come) from careful observation and persistent thinking. We should learn 10 (keep) thinking in our daily study. 【答案】 1．so 2．that/which 3．thinking 4．himself 5．What a 6．successfully 7．has changed 8．for 9．comes 10．to keep 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了阿基米德通过日常观察发现浮力原理的故事，强调了持续思考和细心观察的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：他对自然如此好奇，以至于总能发现新的问题去研究。该处需副词构成“so…that…”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”，so修饰形容词curious，搭配that引导结果状语，故填so。 2．句意：有一年，他遇到了一个困扰许多学者的物理难题。该处需关系代词引导定语从句，先行词“problem”指物，且在从句中作主语，故填which或that。 3．句意：连续几天，他日夜不停地思考，但没有得到答案。该处需动名词作“kept”的宾语，固定搭配“keep doing”表示“持续做某事”，括号内所给动词“think”需变为动名词，故填thinking。 4．句意：一天晚上，他洗澡来放松自己。该处需反身代词作“relax”的宾语，表示“使自己放松”，括号内所给代词“he”需变为反身代词，故填himself。 5．句意：这是多么精彩的发现时刻啊！该处需感叹词引导感叹句，“moment”为可数名词单数，结构为“What+a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!”，形容词“wonderful”以辅音音素/w/开头，故填What a。 6．句意：最终，他成功地解决了这个难题。该处需副词修饰动词“solved”，括号内所给名词“success”需变为副词，故填successfully。 7．句意：到目前为止，他的发现已经改变了人们对浮力的理解。该处需谓语动词，“So far”提示用现在完成时，主语“discovery”为单数，括号内所给动词“change”需变为has changed，故填has changed。 8．句意：遇到困难时永不放弃，因为伟大的想法可能随时出现。该处需连词表示因果关系，前句为建议，后句为补充说明原因，语气较为委婉，故填for。 9．句意：他的经验告诉我们，创造力来自于仔细观察和持续思考。该处需谓语动词，描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语“creativity”为单数，括号内所给动词“come”需变为第三人称单数形式，故填comes。 10．句意：我们应该在日常学习中学会持续思考。该处需不定式作动词“learn”的宾语，固定搭配“learn to do”表示“学会做某事”，括号内所给动词“keep”需变为不定式，故填to keep。 Passage 3 In the animal world, colour is of great 1 (important) to nature’s animals, birds and insects (昆虫). Often it can save their 2 (life). Nature is beautiful and we can see its beauty everywhere. Nature is full of colours. Plants, animals, birds and insects have many beautiful colours. Colour, 3 , for animals, birds and insects is not only beauty. It means life to them because it helps them hide from other 4 (danger) animals. Some birds use their colours to tell other birds to stay away 5 their “houses” in the tree. They sing and move their wings 6 (show) their colours as a message to other birds. One kind of butterfly is orange and black. Birds do not enjoy 7 (eat) them because they have a bad taste. Once a bird eats this kind of butterfly, it remembers the bad taste. One kind of fish can change 8 (it) colour. The colour is 9 same as the sea plants. Other fish can’t see it. Of course, the chameleon (变色龙) is the most famous because it can change its body as it walks from a tree onto green plants. You can see it 10 (turn) green as you watch. 【答案】 1．importance 2．lives 3．however 4．dangerous 5．from 6．to show 7．eating 8．its 9．the 10．turning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界中颜色对动物、鸟类和昆虫的重要作用，以及动物利用自身颜色来躲避天敌、传递信号、保护自己。 【详解】1．句意：在动物世界里，颜色对于自然界的动物、鸟类和昆虫来说非常重要。固定结构“be of great+名词”表示“非常……”，important是形容词，要变为名词importance，be of great importance表示“非常重要”，符合语境。 2．句意：颜色常常能够拯救它们的生命。their后接可数名词复数；life表示“生命”，复数形式为lives。 3．句意：然而，对于动物、鸟类和昆虫而言，颜色不仅仅是美丽。前文讲大自然处处有美丽色彩，后文讲颜色还有生存作用，语义转折；however表示“然而”，前后用逗号隔开，符合语境。 4．句意：它帮助它们躲避其他危险的动物。修饰名词animals要用形容词；danger是名词，其形容词为dangerous，表示“危险的”，符合语境。 5．句意：一些鸟类用自身的颜色告诫别的鸟类远离它们树上的“家”。根据语境可知，固定短语stay away from表示“远离……”，符合语境，应填介词from。 6．句意：它们鸣叫、扇动翅膀，以此展示自己的颜色，向其他鸟类传递信号。根据语境可知，此处表目的，表示“为了展示”，应用动词不定式to show。 7．句意：鸟类不喜欢吃它们，因为它们味道很差。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，符合语境，eat应变为eating。 8．句意：有一种鱼可以改变它自身的颜色。修饰名词colour，要用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词为its，表示“它的”，符合语境。 9．句意：这种颜色和海洋植物的颜色一模一样。根据语境可知，固定搭配the same as表示“和……相同”，符合语境，此处需填定冠词the。 10．句意：当你注视着它时，你能看见它正在变成绿色。as you watch表示“当你正在观看”，强调动作正在发生；see sb./sth. doing sth.表示“看见某物正在做某事”，符合语境，所以turn需变为turning。 Passage 4 Florence Chia-ying Yeh, also known as Ye Jiaying, was a great mind in literature. In 1924, she was born into a literary family in Beijing. Because of her family background, she had chances 1 (learn) classical poetry and the English language from a young age. In 1941, she started studying poetry at university. Gu Sui, a respected master of Chinese literature, 2 (great) affected her understanding of poetry, life and teaching styles. In 3 1950s and 1960s, Yeh taught at universities in Taiwan, China. In 1969, she moved to Canada. Later, she started teaching in Peking University. She spent her final decades 4 (work) at Nankai University. Yeh’s life 5 (fill) with sad stories. She lost her mother 6 she was only 17 years old. Later, when she reached middle age, another terrible thing happened—her eldest daughter died. It was probably 7 (hard) time in her life; however, she kept her study of poetry, which gave her a lot of support. At 92, she chose 218 ancient poems for children. She recorded videos about the poems too. 8 (she) videos were popular on Chinese social media platforms and she gained many fans. During Yeh’s later years, although she couldn’t walk well, she kept giving 9 (lecture) to students in a wheelchair. She always lowered the threshold (入门门槛) for enjoying poetry and guided the students step by step. 10 November 24, 2024, Yeh passed away in Tianjin. She was confident that poetry could heal the pain in people’s hearts. And her achievements will continue to make a difference to the future generations. 【答案】 1．to learn 2．greatly 3．the 4．working 5．was filled 6．when 7．the hardest 8．Her 9．lectures 10．On 【导语】本文是记叙文，介绍叶嘉莹先生的生平，讲述她自幼学习古典诗词、辗转多地讲学的经历，她历经人生悲痛仍坚持诗词研究，晚年致力于向孩子普及诗词，用诗词抚慰人心，她的贡献将持续影响后人。 【详解】1．句意：由于她的家庭背景，她从小就有机会学习古典诗词和英语。have chances to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会做某事”，此处需要动词不定式to learn作后置定语修饰名词“chances”。 2．句意：顾随是一位受人尊敬的中国文学大师，他极大地影响了她对诗歌、人生和教学风格的理解。修饰动词“affected”需用副词greatly，表示“极大地”。 3．句意：在20世纪50年代和60年代，叶嘉莹在中国台湾的多所大学任教。“in the+年代复数”是固定用法，表示“在某个世纪的某个年代”。 4．句意：她人生的最后几十年是在南开大学工作度过的。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处应填动名词working。 5．句意：叶嘉莹的一生充满了悲伤的故事。be filled with是固定搭配，意为“充满”，全文叙述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时，主语“Yeh’s life”是第三人称单数，be动词用was。 6．句意：她年仅17岁的时候就失去了母亲。“She lost her mother...she was only 17 years old.”提示此处指当她17岁时母亲去世，用when“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句。 7．句意：这可能是她人生中最艰难的一段时光，然而她坚持研究诗词，这给了她很多支撑。后面的范围限定“in her life”表示在她整个人生的众多时段里作比较，要用形容词最高级hardest，形容词最高级前要加定冠词the。 8．句意：她的视频在中国的社交媒体平台上很受欢迎，她收获了很多粉丝。修饰名词“videos”，需要使用she对应的形容词性物主代词her，句首单词的首字母需大写。 9．句意：在叶嘉莹的晚年，尽管她行走不便，她还是坐在轮椅上坚持给学生们做讲座。give lectures是固定搭配，表示“做讲座”。 10．句意：2024年11月24日，叶嘉莹在天津逝世。“November 24, 2024”是具体的一天，要使用时间介词on，句首单词的首字母需大写。 Passage 5 Mr Yang worked in a small factory in Shenzhen. One winter, he got a job offer to work 1 a manager in a big company. The only problem was that 2 company was in Guangzhou, rather than in Shenzhen. After a long talk with his wife, Mr Yang made a 3 (decide) to move to Guangzhou. A few days later, they told the news to their son, Mingming. Mingming was very surprised and felt 4 (happy). He didn’t want to leave his friends and school. When the moving day came, Mingming 5 (appear). His parents couldn’t find him anywhere. 6 (actual), he went to visit his best friend, Junjun. Mingming told Junjun how sad he was. Junjun listened and said, “Your parents love you. They are moving for a 7 (nice) job and a better life. Maybe you should understand them.” He also suggested that Mingming make new friends in Guangzhou. He said the family should always try 8 (stay) together. Mingming thought about it 9 returned home. He said sorry to his parents and told them he was wrong. He said he would go with them to Guangzhou. This story teaches 10 (we) that family love is the most important thing. When we face changes, we should talk openly with our family. Understanding and love can help us solve any problem. 【答案】 1．as 2．the 3．decision 4．unhappy 5．disappeared 6．Actually 7．nicer 8．to stay 9．and 10．us 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，杨先生获得广州公司经理岗位，决定举家搬迁，儿子明明一开始不愿离开朋友而躲起来，听好友劝说后理解父母，同意一同前往广州，这个故事告诉我们亲情最重要。 【详解】1．句意：有一年冬天，他收到一份工作邀约，去一家大公司担任经理。固定短语work as，意为“担任、以……身份工作”。故填as。 2．句意：唯一的问题是这家公司在广州，而不是深圳。此处填定冠词the，特指上文刚提到的a big company。故填the。 3．句意：和妻子长谈之后，杨先生决定搬去广州。冠词a后面需要名词，动词decide变为名词形式decision，表示“决定”。 4．句意：明明十分惊讶，感到不开心。feel是系动词，后面接形容词；根据后文不想离开，是不开心，happy的反义词是unhappy。 5．句意：搬家那天到来时，明明不见了。根据“父母找不到他”，appear“出现”变为反义词disappear，意为“消失、不见”，全文是过去时态；变为过去式disappeared。 6．句意：事实上，他去看望他最好的朋友军军了。放句首修饰整个句子，要用副词；形容词actual变为副词actually，首字母大写。故填Actually。 7．句意：他们搬家是为了一份更好的工作和更美好的生活。and连接并列结构，后面是better（比较级），所以nice也要用比较级nicer，意为“更好的”。 8．句意：他说一家人应该努力相守在一起。固定搭配try to do sth，意为“尽力/努力做某事”。故填to stay。 9．句意：明明思考了这件事，然后回了家。连接两个先后发生的动作thought和returned，用并列连词and。 10．句意：这个故事告诉我们，亲情是最重要的东西。动词teach后面接宾格作宾语，将主格we变为宾格us。 Passage 6 Chen Junwu was a great scientist. He 1 (leave) Peking University in 1948 and then threw 2 (he) heart into China’s oil industry (石油工业). In the 1960s, Chen led the design of the first catalytic cracking unit (催化裂化装置) in China. It helped Chinese oil technology jump 20 years ahead. In the 1980s, he 3 (develop) a key technology with his own team. When he was very old, he still wrote a book 4 carbon emissions (碳排放), and it gave important advice 5 the country. His students said he checked every piece of data by 6 (him). Chen 7 (die) in 2024. He worked for over 70 years. He is a great man 8 loved our country deeply. “National needs are my lifelong direction,” he used to 9 (say). We should remember him and learn 10 him. （新华网报道《“七一勋章”获得者丨陈俊武：赤诚报国 初心滚烫》） 【答案】 1．left 2．his 3．developed 4．about/on 5．to 6．himself 7．died 8．who/that 9．say 10．from 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了伟大科学家陈俊武的生平事迹。他投身中国石油工业，在不同年代攻克多项关键技术；晚年仍著书研究碳排放，一生为国奉献。 【详解】1．句意：他在1948年离开北京大学，然后全身心投入中国石油工业。时间状语in 1948是过去时间，句子使用一般过去时，leave要变成过去式left。 2．句意：他在1948年离开北京大学，然后全身心投入中国石油工业。横线后有名词heart，需要形容词性物主代词来修饰名词。he对应的形容词性物主代词是his。 3．句意：在20世纪80年代，他和自己的团队研发了一项关键技术。In the 1980s表示过去的时间段，句子用一般过去时，develop的过去式是developed。 4．句意：年纪很大的时候，他仍然写了一本关于碳排放的书，这本书给国家提供了重要建议。横线后面是名词短语carbon emissions，说明横线前book的内容，需要介词，表达“关于”的含义，介词about或者on都符合语义。 5．句意：年纪很大的时候，他仍然写了一本关于碳排放的书，这本书给国家提供了重要建议。固定搭配give sth. to sb.，意为“给某人某物”。 6．句意：他的学生说，他亲自核对每一份数据。固定短语by oneself，表示“独自、亲自”；him对应的反身代词是himself。 7．句意：陈俊武于2024年逝世。in 2024是过去时间，句子用一般过去时，die的过去式是died。 8．句意：他是一位深爱祖国的伟人。横线引导定语从句，指代前面的先行词man（人），在从句中作主语，需要关系代词who或者that。 9．句意：他过去常说：“国家需要就是我一生的方向。” 固定结构used to do sth.，表示“过去常常做某事”，to为不定式符号，后面接动词原形say。 10．句意：我们应该记住他，向他学习。固定搭配learn from sb.，意思是“向某人学习”。 Passage 7 Jim was eleven when he usually fished with his father on an island in the middle of a lake in New Hampshire. One evening, one day before bass fishing 1 (allow), they sat by the lake waiting for fish. All at once, Jim’s rod bent 2 (sharp). Something heavy pulled the line. His father watched with 3 (admire) while Jim pulled a big fish out of water. It was indeed a huge bass. Moonlight covered the beautiful fish. Dad 4 (light) a match to check his watch. It was 10 p.m., two hours before the fishing season started. He told Jim to put the fish back into the lake. Jim felt upset and said that no other fish would be so big. Jim glanced all over the lake. There were no boats or people nearby. Nobody would know 5 (they) secret. 6 it was a shame to let go of the bass, he knew the right 7 (choose). He carefully removed the hook and put the powerful fish back into dark water. Soon it swam away. Thirty-four years passed. Jim never got such a wonderful bass again. Every time he comes up against moral problems, the scene 8 (live) fresh in his memory. Telling right or wrong is easy, yet putting morality into practice is hard. This story is not about 9 (have) a chance to cheat, but about making an honest 10 (decide) that strengthens us all our lives. We are glad to pass this lesson to kids. 【答案】 1．was allowed 2．sharply 3．admiration 4．lit 5．their 6．Though 7．choice 8．lives 9．having 10．decision 【导语】本文讲述吉姆11岁时，在鲈鱼开捕前一晚钓上一条大鲈鱼。尽管没人发现，他还是遵从父亲的要求放生大鱼。这件事让他懂得明辨是非易，坚守道德做出诚实抉择很难。 【详解】1．句意：一天晚上，在允许捕捞鲈鱼的前一天，他们坐在湖边，等待着鱼儿出现。根据“bass fishing”和提示词“allow”可知，此处指“捕捞活动被允许”，fishing与allow之间为被动关系；描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态was allowed。应填was allowed。 2．句意：突然，吉姆的鱼竿猛烈地弯曲了。此处修饰动词bent，需要用副词形式。sharp的副词是sharply。 3．句意：父亲带着赞赏看着吉姆把一条大鱼拉出水面。with后面接名词作宾语，admire的名词形式是admiration。 4．句意：爸爸划燃一根火柴看表。light在此处意为“点燃”，句子叙述的是过去发生的事情，谓语动词需用过去式。light的过去式是lit。 5．句意：没有人会知道他们的秘密。此处修饰名词secret，需要用形容词性物主代词。they的形容词性物主代词是their。 6．句意：虽然放弃这条鲈鱼很可惜，但他知道正确的选择。前后两个分句之间存在转折或让步关系，“放走大鱼”令人惋惜，但“他仍坚持做对的事”，因此需要连词引导让步状语从句，Though符合语境。 7．句意：虽然放弃这条鲈鱼很可惜，但他知道正确的选择。the后接名词，choose的名词形式是choice，此处用单数形式表特指。 8．句意：每当他面对道德问题时，那场景总是鲜活地留在他记忆中。根据“Every time he comes up...”可知，这是时间状语从句，主句也应用一般现在时。live在此处表示“保持鲜活/生动”，主语the scene为第三人称单数，应填lives。 9．句意：这个故事不是关于有机会作弊，而是关于做出一个增强我们一生力量的诚实决定。介词about后接动名词形式。have的动名词是having。 10．句意：这个故事不是关于有机会作弊，而是关于做出一个增强我们一生力量的诚实决定。an honest后接名词，decide的名词形式是decision。 Passage 8 “The more common machines become, the more we need to make our children ‘more human’, ”said Wu Rongjin, head of Shanghai Huangpu Luwan No.1 Central Primary School. As robots and artificial intelligence (AI) take over more 1 (job), experts are putting greater importance on “emotional education”. This prepares kids for the future by teaching 2 (they) what machines cannot do. For example, AI can 3 (quick) find out a health problem, but it cannot comfort a scared patient. Many schools in Shanghai have made emotional education classes a weekly must. Children learn 4 (care)  about others, love their country and respect life. They are also taught how to control their emotions and deal 5 stress. At Wu’s school, students 6 (encourage) to find “unsung heroes (无名英雄)” around them. The school has cameras in the hallways to help keep everyone safe. Now, they are also used to spot kind acts, such as students helping 7 classmate who has fallen. “These acts are then discussed in emotional education classes,” said Bao Yinglei, a teacher at the school. “It helps kids see the good in everyone, even if that classmate might not have the best grades.” Kindergartens in Shanghai are also improving moral (道德) education. In the past, when two children got into a fight, teachers often 8 (ask) one child to say sorry to end the argument quickly. Now, they encourage children to first share their feelings 9 then switch (互换) roles to explain what happened. “Emotional intelligence, along with independent thinking and the 10 (able) to keep trying, helps a person throughout life,” Wu said. 【答案】 1．jobs 2．them 3．quickly 4．to care 5．with 6．are encouraged 7．a 8．asked 9．and 10．ability 【导语】本文主要介绍了上海中小学及幼儿园正在推行“情感教育”：通过教会孩子们关心他人、热爱祖国、控制情绪、应对压力，以及引导他们发现身边的好人好事，来弥补机器无法做到的事情，为未来做好准备。 【详解】1．句意：随着机器人和人工智能接管更多工作，专家们越来越重视“情感教育”。more后接可数名词复数；job的复数形式为jobs。 2．句意：这通过教会孩子们机器做不到的事情，让他们为未来做好准备。teach sb. sth.“教某人某事”，动词teach后面用宾格，they的宾格形式为them。 3．句意：例如，人工智能可以快速查出健康问题，但它无法安抚受到惊吓的病人。修饰动词find out，要用副词；quick的副词形式为quickly。 4．句意：孩子们学习关心他人、热爱祖国、尊重生命。固定结构learn to do sth.“学习做某事”。此处需用动词不定式to care。 5．句意：他们也被教导如何控制情绪，应对压力。固定搭配deal with“处理；应对”，此处需用介词with。 6．句意：在吴校长的学校，学生被鼓励去发现身边的无名英雄。students和encourage是被动关系：学生被鼓励；此处为一般现在时，主语是复数，用are encouraged。be encouraged to do“被鼓励做……”。 7．句意：现在它们也被用来发现善举，例如学生去帮扶一名摔倒的同学。classmate是单数可数名词，表泛指，且以辅音音素开头，用a。 8．句意：过去，当两个孩子打架时，老师常常要求其中一个孩子道歉来快速结束争执。in the past“在过去”，对应一般过去时，ask的过去式是asked。 9．句意：现在，他们鼓励孩子们先说出自己的感受，然后互换角色，还原事情经过。first…and then…“先……然后……”，并列动作，用and。 10．句意：吴校长说：“情商、独立思考能力以及坚持不懈的能力，会让人终身受益。” the后面接名词；able是形容词，其名词形式为ability“能力”。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $