Unit 4 Sharing Discover Useful Structures 短语复习 教案-2026-2027学年人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册

人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing Period 2 Discover Useful Structures 短语复习 教案 教材分析 本节课是人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing 的 Period 2 Discover Useful Structures，语法点为英语短语的综合复习，包括名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语和介词短语五种。学生在前面几个单元已经接触过各种短语的基本形式，但对短语类型的识别和句法功能判断掌握不牢，也容易把形容词短语和副词短语搞混。课本这部分以援助和分享为载体，本节课紧扣单元分享主题，以武汉志愿服务与社区互助为情境重新组织例句和练习，让学生在熟悉的城市语境中梳理五种短语的结构特征和句法功能，避免单纯讲规则的枯燥感。 教学目标 1. 通过观察例句，归纳名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语的结构特征与基本功能。 2. 在描述武汉志愿服务、社区活动与城市生活的语境中正确识别和运用各种短语。 3. 区分不同短语类型的句法功能，体会短语在书面表达中的修饰作用。 教学重难点 重点：五种短语的结构特征与基本句法功能判断，尤其是形容词短语和介词短语作定语的区别。 难点：① 形容词短语作后置定语与介词短语作后置定语的区分；② 动词短语中动词与小品词的搭配关系判断。 Teaching Procedures Step 1 Lead-in（约5分钟） Teacher: Good morning, class. Today we're going to review different types of phrases. Let's start with some volunteer activities we know in Wuhan. Look at the sentences and identify the phrases. Two minutes. Look at the sentences about Wuhan volunteer work and identify the underlined phrases. 1. Many warm-hearted volunteers help the elderly in the community every weekend. 2. The students worked hard to clean up the park near their school. 3. The little girl in red is helping an old man cross the street. 【设计说明】用学生熟悉的社区志愿服务引入，不急于讲规则，先让学生在熟悉的语境中感知不同类型的短语——名词短语、动词短语、介词短语。三种短语先混个脸熟，为后面的归纳攒感性认识。 Step 2 Analyze and Identify（约15分钟） Task 1 Identify the phrase types Teacher: Now look at these sentences about Wuhan volunteering. Identify the underlined phrases and mark their types: NP (noun phrase), VP (verb phrase), AdjP (adjective phrase), AdvP (adverb phrase), PrepP (prepositional phrase). Five minutes, then we check together. 1. A group of kind-hearted college students visited the children's hospital last Sunday. 2. The volunteers worked very hard to help the homeless people in winter. 3. The books on the shelf are all donated by warm-hearted Wuhan citizens. 4. We were deeply moved by the story of the old teacher who taught in the mountain village. 5. The charity sale was organized by the students themselves quite successfully. 6. People from all walks of life came together to help the flood-hit areas. 【设计说明】这6句正好对应重点——前两句练名词短语和动词短语，中间两句练形容词短语和介词短语（作定语），后两句练副词短语。先让学生独立判断，做完直接核对答案，把五种不同类型的短语都攒出来，为后面归纳功能做准备。这里重点突破"形容词短语和介词短语作后置定语的区别"。 Task 2 Identify the function Teacher: Good. Now look at the six sentences again. Can you tell what function each phrase serves in the sentence? Is it subject, predicate, attributive, predicative, or adverbial? Discuss with your partner. Three minutes. 【设计说明】让学生通过观察自己判断过的句子，自己归纳五种短语的句法功能，比一条一条讲规则印象更深。学生自己找出来的规律，后面总结的时候更容易记住。这里重点引导学生看定语那几句（第3、4句），当场点破判断口诀：找修饰谁 → 修饰名词的是定语 → 看是形容词开头还是介词开头。比如第3句the books on the shelf，on the shelf是介词短语修饰books——直接切入难点①"形容词短语和介词短语作定语的区分"。 Task 3 Complete the sentences with Chinese hints Teacher: Now let's move on. Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese hints. Pay attention to the phrase structures. Four minutes. 1. 许多热心的武汉市民参加了这次慈善活动。 ______ ______ ______ warm-hearted Wuhan citizens took part in this charity event. 2. 书架上的这些书都是捐给山区孩子的。 These books ______ ______ ______ are all donated to the children in the mountain areas. 3. 志愿者们非常努力地工作，帮助需要帮助的人。 The volunteers worked ______ ______ to help people in need. 4. 被这个故事深深感动，我们决定也做一名志愿者。 ______ ______ by the story, we decided to become volunteers too. 【设计说明】从单句识别过渡到汉语提示完成句子，难度稍升。第1句练名词短语，第2句练介词短语作定语，第3句练副词短语，第4句练形容词短语作状语。四个句子正好对应四种短语，学生写完就能感受到不同短语的位置差异。 Step 3 Summarize（约10分钟） Task 1 Summarize the five types of phrases Teacher: Now work with your partner. Based on the sentences we just read, summarize the five types of phrases and their functions. I give you two minutes to think, then we share. • Noun phrase (NP): 中心词是名词 → 作主语、宾语、表语 • Verb phrase (VP): 中心词是动词 → 作谓语 • Adjective phrase (AdjP): 中心词是形容词 → 作定语、表语、状语 • Adverb phrase (AdvP): 中心词是副词 → 作状语 • Prepositional phrase (PrepP): 中心词是介词 → 作定语、状语、表语 Task 2 Adjective phrase vs prepositional phrase as attributive Teacher: Now think about this question. How do you tell an adjective phrase and a prepositional phrase apart when they are both used as attributives? Discuss in pairs. 【设计说明】形式总结放第二步之后，学生已经有了足够的例句支撑，归纳水到渠成。形容词短语和介词短语作定语的区别单独拿出来讨论，因为学生往往只看位置不看开头词，写作文的时候容易混用。这里必须把判断标准讲死：看短语第一个词是形容词还是介词——形容词开头就是AdjP，介词开头就是PrepP。 Step 4 Practice（约12分钟） Task 1 Identify the phrase types Teacher: Now practice. Identify the underlined phrases in the following sentences. Six minutes, then we check. 1. A group of volunteers from Wuhan University went to the countryside to teach. 2. The elderly people in the nursing home are very happy to see the young visitors. 3. The students organized the charity sale quite successfully last weekend. 4. We were all moved by the kindness of the strangers who helped us. 5. The kind-hearted woman in blue spent all her time helping the poor children. 6. The volunteers worked very carefully to help the disabled people cross the road. Task 2 Complete the sentences with Chinese hints Teacher: Next, translate the following sentences into English using the correct phrase structures. Five minutes. 1. 一群热心的大学生去农村支教。 ______ ______ ______ warm-hearted college students went to the countryside to teach. 2. 养老院里的老人们看到我们非常开心。 The elderly people ______ ______ ______ ______ are very happy to see us. 3. 学生们非常成功地组织了这次慈善义卖。 The students organized the charity sale ______ ______. 4. 被这些好人的故事深深感动，我们都流下了眼泪。 ______ ______ by the stories of these kind people, we all cried. （口头分享留到课后，课堂时间全部给笔头订正。） 【设计说明】Task 1是短语识别输入，Task 2是汉语提示完成句子，从识别到运用一步步走上来。全部围绕武汉志愿话题，学生有话可说。最后口头输出挪到课后做，课堂上把时间省给笔头练习和订正——这才是硬功夫。 Step 5 Summary（约3分钟） Teacher: OK, take one minute. Think about what we reviewed today. Can anyone tell me two key points about phrases? 学生口头总结，教师补充并板书要点。 【设计说明】让学生自己说比教师直接念板书印象深，教师只在学生说不全时补漏。最后把五种短语类型和各自句法功能两条线落回板书，重点再强调一遍形容词短语和介词短语作定语的区别——这两个是难点，必须在收尾再敲一遍。 Homework 1. Write a short passage (80-100 words) about a volunteer activity you joined in Wuhan. Use at least 5 different phrase types. 2. Finish the exercises on Workbook "Reviewing useful structures". 3. Talk about one volunteer experience with your deskmate, using as many phrases as you can. Blackboard Design Phrases Review Five types: • NP (noun phrase): 中心词是名词 → 主/宾/表 • VP (verb phrase): 中心词是动词 → 谓语 • AdjP (adjective phrase): 中心词是形容词 → 定/表/状 • AdvP (adverb phrase): 中心词是副词 → 状语 • PrepP (prepositional phrase): 中心词是介词 → 定/状/表 Key difference: • 作定语时：形容词开头→AdjP；介词开头→PrepP Watch out: • 找中心词判断短语类型 • 看在句子里的位置判断功能 教学反思 这节课拿武汉志愿服务串下来，学生反应比我预想的好。养老院和慈善义卖那几句一出来，下面就有学生小声说"上周我刚去社区做过志愿，帮老人剪头发来着"，一下就不觉得是在做题了。讲到农村支教和帮助残疾人那几句，后排几个女生明显坐直了——公益话题确实比纯语法术语更对她们的胃口。Lead-in和形式归纳这两块走得比较顺，大部分学生能自己说出五种短语大概是什么样的。 作定语那块花的时间比预计多。有几个学生一直转不过弯来：为什么the books on the shelf里on the shelf是介词短语不是形容词短语？我后来拿"看开头第一个词是介词还是形容词"这个判断标准掰了半天，感觉他们还是半懂不懂，似懂非懂。这个点急不来，后面练习还得再碰几次，多给几个例句才能真正消化。 短语类型判断是这节课最容易踩坑的地方。真有学生举手问："那a very beautiful girl是什么短语？"——你看，这说明他们还是只看表面，没抓到"找中心词"这个本质。所以这次讲的时候我特意强调：不管前面有多少修饰，找最核心的那个词——名词就是NP，形容词就是AdjP。光靠讲一遍肯定不够，得在后面的写作课里反复拎出来练。 汉语提示完成句子第2题"养老院里的老人们"，班上错了快三分之一，好多人写了in the home of the elderly，中式英语了。下次讲之前得先做个小铺垫，先给几个正确例子让学生有个印象。 时间这次调过来了——把口头输出挪到作业里，课堂上全部时间给笔头练习和订正，反而比上次从容。Task 1和Task 2学生做的时候我下去转了一圈，发现基础弱的那几个学生在副词短语部分还是卡，very hard这种到底是AdvP还是AdjP搞不清。我后来补了个对比：very hard work（形容词短语修饰名词）和work very hard（副词短语修饰动词），举了两个例子他们才稍微明白一点。这个点只能课后再单独补，课堂上照顾不过来。 参考答案 Step 1 Lead-in 1. NP (many warm-hearted volunteers) 2. VP (worked hard) 3. PrepP (in red) Step 2 Analyze and Identify Task 1 1. NP (a group of kind-hearted college students) 2. VP (worked very hard) 3. PrepP (on the shelf) 4. AdjP (deeply moved) 5. AdvP (quite successfully) 6. NP (people from all walks of life) Task 2 1. subject 2. predicate 3. attributive 4. predicative（过去分词短语，功能上相当于AdjP） 5. adverbial 6. subject Task 3 1. Quite a few 2. on the shelf 3. very hard 4. Deeply moved Step 3 Summarize Task 1 • NP: 中心词是名词 → 主/宾/表 • VP: 中心词是动词 → 谓语 • AdjP: 中心词是形容词 → 定/表/状 • AdvP: 中心词是副词 → 状语 • PrepP: 中心词是介词 → 定/状/表 Task 2（参考答案） 作定语时：看短语第一个词——形容词开头就是AdjP，介词开头就是PrepP。 比如：the books full of stories（AdjP，full是形容词） vs the books on the shelf（PrepP，on是介词）。 Step 4 Practice Task 1 1. NP (a group of volunteers) + PrepP (from Wuhan University) 2. PrepP (in the nursing home) 3. AdvP (quite successfully) 4. AdjP (all moved) 5. AdjP (kind-hearted) + PrepP (in blue) 6. AdvP (very carefully) Task 2 1. A group of 2. in the nursing home 3. quite successfully 4. Deeply moved 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $