专题03 考前必记词汇梳理&专练（必修三）（知识清单，江苏专用）-2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题03 考前必记词汇(必修三) 一、根据汉语提示拼写单词 1. The hiker found a hidden cave _________(在……下方)the big rock while walking up the mountain. 2. The south of the country was worst affected by the _________(旱灾). 3. Dirty water is not allowed to pour into the river unless _________(处理). 4. _________(地带)and Road that links China to the world is a symbol of the golden age of _________(全球化). 5. I didn’t expect that the _________(树枝)sprang back and hit me in the face. 6. The _________(小册子)explains how to a________(申请)for a position. 7. _________(碳)fiber might be worth  exploring in the future because of its added strength. 8. He has been used to the tropical________(气候)in the area since he has stayed there for almost ten years. 9. It was said that the_________(委员会)_________(反对)against changing the regulations. 10. The ________(大州)connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa. 11. Right now, the ________(鹿)in the reserve are being watched over by many volunteers. 12. The _________(温室)effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃. 13. The athlete has won many ________(奖章)in races. 14. Maybe you have been to many countries, but _________(无处)else can you find such a beautiful place. 15. She started a paper-cutting studio in the Grape Valley, one of the well-known tourist ________(目的地)in the city. 16. Emergency ________(程序)are in need to help people face the unexpected.   17. Nowhere else can you find such a quiet and beautiful place as Kaihua National Forest Park, whose beauty is _________(超出……之外)description. 18. In the newspaper of our school there is a _________(栏目)called “Foreign Cultures”.   19. The computer has _________(崩溃)five times in the last few minutes and I will get it repaired tomorrow. 20. Just as I was going _________(往楼下), it occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked. 21. The memories of my childhood ________(大量涌入)back to my mind when I smelt the familiar smell. 22. Adolescents need adults to guide them. ________(否则), it is easy for them to get into trouble. 23. She ________(示意)to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 24. 1,400 medical personnel from the Chinese People’s Liberation Army are _________(在……工作)the hospital. 25. Since 1748, Pompeii has been systematically________(挖掘). 26. The girl was wearing a pair of pink _________(靴子). 27. With quicker and easier access to the Internet, we can find amounts of information from _________(秘诀)for cooking to military affairs. 28. He gave us a few specific examples to help us deal with current _________(公共事务). 29. There were several _________(羽毛球)competitions in the school stadium the next week. 30. A _________(十亿)people in the world will not have access to clean drinking water. 31. The machine is so advanced that it will start the instant you press the _________(按钮). 32. It is more common nowadays to make mobile payment for the convenience of not carrying _________(现金). 33. If you want to sign up for the contest, _________(点击)here and fill out a form. 34. To use a shared bike in China, you have to ________(下载)an app on your smart phone. 35. The book discusses the _________(程度)to which family life has changed over the past 50 years. 36. According to the new _________(准则)to be tested out, schools will start school later. 37. It can easily be seen that the _________(百分比)of students who choose to listen to English songs and watch English movies are 65% and 50% respectively. 38. Somehow, they didn’t charge us for _________(递送)this time. 39. By the end of last week, all the entries had been _________(上传)by the competitors. 40. We should find out that the US government’s attempt to use tariffs(关税)as a tool to ________(设法得到)negotiating favors. 41. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have ________(足够的)safety _________(数据). 42. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using ________(家庭的)water ________(容器). 43. Their final decision was to ________(否定)the agreement. 44. During ________(雷雨), static electricity(静电)in the clouds builds up, eventually bursting into ________(闪电). 45. Another ________(突出的)feature of the CR450 is its exceptional energy efficiency. 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1. “Will you come to my graduation party?” “ ________(absolute)! I wouldn’t miss it!” 2. Artificial intelligence has a wide ________(apply)in many fields. 3. The trees planted at the end of the 19th century have become a powerful ________(defend)against the strong wind. 4. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲)environmental protection to promote ________(economy) growth. 5. We will refund your money to you in full if you are not ________(entire)satisfied. 6. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of ________(extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 7. The Spring Equinox(春分)signals the equal ________(long)of the day and night time. 8. For downloadable lessons, visit the ________(office)website of Children’s Theatre. 9. These normally harmless substances combine to form a highly ________(poison)gas. 10. Saving our planet, lifting people out of ________(poor), advancing economic growth… these are one and the same fight. 11. Please make sure to put all ________(recycle)materials, such as plastic bottles and paper, into the blue bin. 12. As a result of financial crises, a lot of small companies have to fight for ________(survive). 13. The broadcasting system in Canada is famous and advanced, which serves ________(variety)purposes. 14. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support ________(agriculture)research. 15. Just now Bob appeared in front of us, appearing joyful and his ________ brought much delight to us. As a result, our worry ________ quickly. (appear) 16. The Internet enables people to keep track of what’s going on ________ and become part of the ________ community.(globe) 17. A diet lacking in ________(nutrient)value will not keep a person healthy. 18. MSF is an independent, non-profit ________(organize)whose mission is to provide medical care for those affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters or a lack of health care. 19. Due to________(curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 20. Too much pressure may have a ________(destroy)effect on students’ mental health. 21. The ________(distant)between the two villages is about 10 kilometers. 22. Today, the Internet has become one of the most ________(power)tools for people all over the world. 23. His ________(react)to the news was quite unexpected. 24. Much to my ________(relieve), the car was not badly damaged. 25. The residents nearby found the smell from the chemical plant ________(bear). 26. Every year, he ________(donation)millions of dollars to sponsor________(charity)activities. 27. After the ________(disaster)earthquake, the rescue team sent the ________(injure)to the hospital without delay. 28. Based on the ________(inform), we can conclude that the company is the world’s largest ________(destroy) of the river. 29. I can certainly tell you the ________ of the library. It is ________ in the west of the campus.(locate) 30. As many old ________ men say, for many middle-aged people, when it comes to preparing for ________, they are not quite sure about how much money they should save and spend.(retire) 31. This incident has ________(sharp)public awareness of the economic crisis. 32. Looking through the newspaper, I’m ________(shock)by photos showing a hurricane has destroyed a town. 33. Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, education wasn’t ________(access)to children. 34. The new survey shows that the number of the students ________(addict)to computer games has been on the increase in recent years. 35. Most travel agencies now make their travel ________(arrange)meet individual needs. 36. He drove at full speed and shot past the old man, totally ________(aware)of the potential risk. 37. Modern education often combines learning with ________(entertain)to make lessons more engaging. 38. Though the ________(major)of online users are nice and friendly, there might be some users who make you feel uncomfortable online. 39. My sister ________(obvious)has a talent for playing the piano. 40. The emergency medical ________(technical)is really ________(appreciate)of what you did to him when he was upset before the contest. 41. It was the first ________(commerce)available machine to employ artificial intelligence. 42. Though ________(journal)are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. 43. Spending a whole week without my smartphone was ________(scare)at first but then I began to feel free. 44. Recent years have witnessed a growing social ________(mobile). 45. It will result in the ________(establish)of the world’s largest marine reserve. 三、选词填空 选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式完成句子。每个短语只能用一次，有两项为多余项。 A break down breathe life into build up call for come into one’s mind come up with due to get rid of give rise to in danger of in turn spring to mind 1. Continuous efforts to develop new energy technologies will surely _______________ a clean energy economy. 2. The moment I saw Robinson, the days when we were together on the island immediately _______________. 3. We need to ___________ the idea that we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile. 4. Many species are in danger of extinction now ________ the actions of the human race. 5. The more confidence you ________ in yourself, the greater your chances of success are. 6. All of the experts at the conference _____________ creative ideas on how to solve the problem. 7. She had been waiting for Simon to _________ the barrier between them. 8. Our teacher makes humorous remarks in class, _______________ our class. 9. He spends too much time on maths, and this ________ affects the progress of the other subjects. 10. Dealing with naughty students ________ teachers’ immense wisdom and patience. B at large break out far and wide hold on to inform oneself of in terms of keep one’s head occur to roll call safe and sound run out of take the form of 1. After a __________ confirmed that every participant had arrived, the instructor began to inform everyone of the safety rules for the outdoor activity. 2. We were on a walk in the country when the idea first ________ us. 3. After two weeks’ training, the soldiers finally returned to the camp ________________. 4. Noticing that the water was rising quickly, he ___________ and considered how to deal with the difficult situation. 5. In this model, the return message might ________________ feedback or a formal reply. 6. In the globalized world, diseases can rapidly spread ________________ via international travel and trade. 7. My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had ________________ gas. 8. Make sure to ______________ the rope while you are walking on the bridge, because you could slip otherwise. 9. I just do what I do and hope it will be accepted by the public __________. 10. The food in this region was in short supply after the war __________. C above all else at one’s fingertips be glued to belong to be lost in bring up cut back on in terms of set up shoot past take off turn to 1. We imagine a more connected, intelligent, and innovative future. __________, we must ensure this is a better future for all. 2. Since prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to _____________ their expenses. 3. It is unfortunate that false information on the Internet isn’t completely _____________. 4. A special fund which _____________ for the disabled came under the spotlight. 5. Linda’s father was very happy when he saw her career starts to __________. 6. He was so absorbed in the games that his eyes _____________ the screen. 7. We are forbidden to play on the lawn _____________ him. 8. Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist, as if she _____________ deep thought. 9. Poor thing, her husband has left her with three children to _____________. 10. Mr Smith sang happily on his way home when a car __________ him, nearly knocking into him. D by accident draw on go through let sb. down pay off put forward refer to speed up take it for granted thanks to through trial and error with a bang 1. Children always _____________ that their parents should take care of them and do everything for them. 2. Now you show me a successful complex system, and I will show you a system that has evolved _____________. 3. Please don’t _____________; I really trust you to finish the project on time while I am away on vacation. 4. To ensure the future of mankind, it is significant to _________ our experience from the past. 5. Her career as a singer began _____________ when she won the champion title in the singing contest. 6. I met an old friend quite ___________ in the street this morning. 7. Keep it in mind that extra time spent studying now will _________ in the future. 8. Whenever you meet with a new word while reading, you can’t think of _____________ a dictionary. 9. It is worthwhile considering the suggestion _____________ at the conference. 10. The invention of steam engine greatly __________ the industrial revolution, which contributed a lot to the take­off of the world. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A When man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely ___1___(disturb). He grows a crop and takes it away to eat; then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface. Thus he is most likely to make the land ___2___(bad)year by year. To take the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer. In some places, it is a habit to burn waste material lying about, but such burning ___3___(destroy)the useful matter that the plants need to grow. In ___4___ past, when the world population was much less, man had little difficulty growing the food. When a field ___5___ had been used for some years became tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered. ___6___(Gradual)grasses and other plants would appear on it and its productive power would slowly return to normal. But nature, ___7___(leave)alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state. The length of time ___8___(require)would depend on local conditions, but it might well be ten years. Anyway, ___9___ is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year and it is man’s ___10___(responsible)to find solutions to the problem of soil protection. B In the past century and a half, China___1___(experience)five of the world’s 10 severest natural disasters, while ___2___top three severest natural disasters in world history all occurred in China. However, with the internet of things technology, the nation can now provide crucial support through early warning systems and detection of natural disasters, as well as enhance emergency response in order___3___ (protect)the population. Internet of things technology is based on interconnection through the internet of computing devices in everyday objects,___4___(enable)them to send and receive data. This technology is powering research in everything from driverless cars___5___smart refrigerators. The___6___(develop)of low power wide area, or LPWA, technology in the past two years, combined with internet of things applications, is fast becoming the route to protecting Chinese infrastructure(基础设施). LPWA technology allows for wireless telecommunication networks across long ranges at ___7___(extreme) low bit rates, meaning that small individual objects such as sensors(传感器)can be placed across vast distances in order to detect natural disasters. A wide range of___8___(environment)conditions can be monitored and integrated as part of an early warning system. Internet of things accelerators(加速器), such as the ones___9___(fund)by Ericsson in China earlier this year, are making it increasingly affordable to set up large numbers of sensors across an area ___10___ natural disasters occur. The quantity of sensors connected means that it is easier to manage environmental data on noise, water and air. C Have you ever found ___1___(you)endlessly scrolling(滚屏)through your social media feeds seeking out the latest depressing news stories? This phenomenon, known as “doom-scrolling,” has become increasingly common in today’s digital age. But this habit is far from ___2___(harm). Psychological research suggests that this use of media could ___3___(potential)be a form of self-sabotage(自我破坏)that, if ___4___(leave)unaddressed, could have serious consequences for our mental well-being. It may be difficult to understand why anyone would engage in behaviors ___5___ only lead to sadness or pain. In the moment, doom-scrolling may feel like ___6___ attempt to arm ourselves with knowledge. We scroll helplessly, armed with the knowledge of every awful thing ___7___(happen)in the world. At the same time, we bear the guilt that there is nothing we can do to stop these events. Doom-scrolling may provide a false sense ___8___ control and safety in an uncertain world. In reality, the habit only___9___(make)the world seem more dangerous and sad than it actually is. When caught in such a cycle of self-sabotage, the most important ___10___(aware)to have is to know when to put your phone down, and when to embrace(欣然接受)good news for a change. D When we think of great scientists, names like Einstein or Newton often come to mind. However, history is filled with brilliant women ___1___ discoveries have shaped our world — yet their stories are less known. One ___2___(shine)example is Marie Curie, a Polish-born physicist and chemist. She was the first woman and the only person ___3___(win)a Nobel Prize in two ___4___(science)fields: Physics and Chemistry. Her pioneering research on radioactivity not only introduced a new term into science but also led to cancer treatments that save millions of lives today. ___5___ facing harsh criticism because of her gender, she remained dedicated to her work. Another remarkable figure is Tu Youyou, a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist. ___6___(refer)to the ancient Chinese medical books, she designed the experiments and discovered artemisinin, a drug that has dramatically reduced death rates from malaria, one of the ___7___(dead)diseases in human history. She and her team managed to find solutions to ___8___(variety)problems with limited research resources. For this achievement, she ___9___ (award)the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. These women overcame social barriers, lack of funding, and skepticism. They proved that science has no gender ___10___ only curiosity, persistence, and courage. Their stories encourage all students, especially young girls, to pursue careers in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). 学科网(北京)股份有限公司/ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 考前必记词汇（必修三） Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 _________ adj.绝对的，完全的 2 n.农业，农学 _________ adj.农业的，农艺的 3 n.应用，运用；申请 _______ v.应用，运用，申请 _________ n.申请人，申请者 4 n.化学制品；adj.化学的；化学作用的 _________ n.化学，化学成分 _________ n.化学家，药剂师 5 n.首领，最高领导人；adj.主要的；首席的 _________ adv.主要地；首要地 6 n.结果，后果；重要性 _________ adj.作为结果的，随之发生的 _________ adv.因此，结果，必然地 7 vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 _________ adj.被损坏的，受损伤的；情感受到伤害的，有心理创伤的 8 n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 _________ v.辩解，辩白，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫 _________ n.被告(人) _________ adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的 9 vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 _________ n.消失，不见 _________ vi.出现，显得，似乎 _________ n.出现；外貌，外观，外表 10 adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 _________ adj.经济的，节约的，合算的_________ n.经济 _________ n.经济学家 _________ n.经济学 11 adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 _______ adj.完全的 12 n.灭绝，绝种 _________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的 13 adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 _______ adj.& adv.远的 _________ adj.& adv.更远的/地；_________ adj.& adv.最远的/地 14 adj.全球的；全面的 _________ adv.全球地，全局地 _________ n.地球，地球仪，球体 _________ vt.使全球化 _________ n.全球化 15 n.& vt.伤害，损害 _________ adj.有害的 _________s adj.无害的 16 n.形象；图像；意象 _________ vi.& vt.想象，猜想 _________ adj.可想象的，想象得到的_________ n.想象，想象力 _________ adj.虚构的，假想的 _________ adj.富于想象的，有想象力的 17 n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 _________ v.使延长，加长，延长，变长 _______ adj.(长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的，长久的 18 adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 _______ v.居住，生存 /laɪv/adj.活的，实况转播的，现场表 演的 ______ adj.活泼的，生动的，真实的，生气勃勃的 ______ adj.活着的(作后置定语) 19 n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 _________ adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的；the _________ n.群众，平民百姓 20 n.微生物 _________ n.有机物 21 n.一百万；许多，大量 _________ n.百万富翁 22 n.营养素，营养物 _________ vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养 _________ n.营养 _________ adj.有营养的(特指食物或事物的用途，给人带来营养) _________ adj.营养的(有关营养营养学方面的知识) 23 n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 _________ adv.正式地，官方地 _________ n.办公室，官职 _______ n.官员，高级职员，警官，军官 24 n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 _________ v.组织，使有条理 _________ adj.有组织的，安排有秩序的，有条理的 _________ n.组织者 25 vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 _________ adj.有毒的，恶毒的，讨厌的 26 n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 _______ adj.穷的 27 n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 _________ adj.有利可图的，有益的_________ n.盈利 _________ adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的 28 vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 _________ n.抗议者 29 vt.回收利用，再利用 _________ adj.可回收利用的，可再循环的 _________ n.回收利用 _________ adj.回收利用的 30 n.地区，区域；行政区 _________ adj.地区的，区域的 31 n.雾霾，烟雾 _________ adj.烟雾弥漫的 32 vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 _________ n.生/幸存，残存物 adj.赖以生存的 _________ n.生存者，幸存者 33 adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 ______ n.塔 34 n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 ______ v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多样化 _________ adj.不同的，各种各样的；_________ adj.可变的，变化无常的 Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 2 prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 3 n.生物多样性 4 n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 5 n.小册子 6 n.碳 7 n.牛 8 n.气候；倾向，风气 9 n.委员会 10 n.大陆，陆地，洲 11 n.鹿(pl.deer) 12 n.旱灾，久旱 13 n.生态系统 14 adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 15 n.蛙，青蛙 16 n.气体；煤气；汽油 17 n.温室，暖房 18 n.生活环境，栖息地 19 n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 20 n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 21 n.昆虫 22 n.奖章，勋章 23 adv.无处，哪里都不 24 n.坚果 25 adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 26 n.氧，氧气 27 n.政策，方针；原则 28 n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 29 n.居民，住户 30 n.土壤；国土，领土，土地 31 n.种，物种(pl. species) 32 n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 33 n.地铁；地下人行道 34 adv.因此，从而；这样 35 vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹，小道，轨道，跑道，路线 36 n.野生动植物，野生生物 1 dolphin 2 *jaguar 3 *lily 4 *mammal 5 shark 6 whale 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 be alive with 2 be concerned about 3 使分解(为)，使变化(成) (机器等)出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；消除；打破；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂 4 给……带来起色，注入活力 5 逐渐增加，扩大，建立 6 (公开)要求，需要 7 come into one’s mind 8 想出，想到，提出/被想出，想到，提出 come up with主语(人)是想出者，后面的宾语才是被想出的内容；come up意为“被想出”，主语(物)是被提及的内容，无被动语态。 9 divide...into...(被动式：be divided into) 10 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 11 使发生(或存在)；引起；产生，促成 12 point out 13 sign up(for) 14 突然记起(或想到)；浮现在脑海里 15 a sea of 16 one and the same 17 由于，因为 18 hand in hand 19 in danger of 20 相应地，转而； 反过来，轮流，依次 21 Brazil nut 22 water lily Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 ______ n.灰，灰烬，废墟 2 n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 _________ adj.慈善的，慈善事业的 3 vt.证实，确认；使确信； 批准 _________ adj.已被确定的，已被证实的，根深蒂固的 _________ n.确定，确证，确认书，证明书 4 adj.好奇的；奇特的 _________ adv.好奇地 _________ n.好奇(心) 5 adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的 _________ n.毁灭，破坏 _________ v.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 _________ n.破坏者，毁灭者；驱逐舰 6 n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 _________ adj.灾难性的 7 n.遥远，久远，距离，差异；疏远 _________ adj.遥远的，遥远的；冷淡的；疏远的 _________ adv.遥远地；冷淡地；疏远地 8 vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) _________ n.捐赠 ______ n.捐赠者，捐款人，献血者 9 vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 _________ n.爆发，喷发，火山灰 _________ adj.火山爆发/喷发的 10 n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 _________ n.出口商、出口国 11 n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入；vt.进口，引进 _________ n.进口商、进口国 12 vt.了解，熟悉；通知 _________ n.信息 _________ adj.有学问的；见多识广的，消息灵通的 13 vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 _________ n.伤害，损伤 _________ adj.受伤的，受损害的 the _________ n.伤者/伤员 14 vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) _________ n.定位，位置，地点，场所 15 vi.发生，出现；存在于 _________ n.出现；发生，事件 16 adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 _______ adv.古怪地，怪异地，反常地 17 adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 _______ n.顺序 v.命令 18 n.柱，杆；极 ______ adj.极地的，两极的，正好相反的 19 n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 _________ adj.强大的 _________ adj.无力的；无权的，无能的 20 n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 ______ vi.反应，(对……)做出反应；回应；起化学反应 21 n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 _________ vt.减轻，缓和 _________ adj.(感到)欣慰的，放心的 22 n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 _________ n.救援人员/救助者 = _________ worker 23 vi.& vt.退休，退职 _________ n.退休，退职 _________ n.退休人员 _________ adj.退休的 _________ adj.腼腆的；不爱与人交往的 24 vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕；n.恐慌；惊吓 _________ adj.恐惧的；惊恐的；害怕的 _________ adj.恐怖的，吓人的 v adj.令人害怕的 25 adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 _________ adv.急剧地；锋利地；鲜明地；_________ vt.使锋利，(使)变得锋利；(使)提高，改善 26 n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；vt.使震惊 _________ adj.令人震惊的 _________ adj.感到震惊的 27 adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 _________ adj.可以忍受的 ______ vt.承受，忍受，生(孩子) Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 2 adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处； 超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 3 adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 4 n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 5 n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 6 n.郡，县 7 n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 8 n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 9 n.目的地，终点 10 n.文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 11 adv.在楼下，往楼下 n.楼下 12 vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 13 n.洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 14 n.资金；基金 15 n.(爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜 16 vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 17 adv.否则，不然；除此以外 18 n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 19 n.港口，避风港；港口城市 20 n.程序，步骤，手续 21 n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 22 vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 23 n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入 24 n.全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 25 n.楼梯；梯级 26 n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 27 n.树干 28 vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 29 n.火山 1 *bubble 2 hurricane 3 *Roman 4 *tsunami 5 typhoon 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 突然开始，爆发 2 hold on to 3 inform oneself of 4 (在困境中)保持冷静 5 被想到，浮现在脑中 6 用完，耗尽=use up 7 stay away from 8 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 9 点名 10 到处，各处，广泛地，大范围地 11 安然无恙的 12 整个，全部 13 at the same time 14 in all directions 15 in case 16 in detail 17 in terms of 18 in the face of 19 in the distance 20 (much)to one’s relief Unit 3 The world online 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 n.机会，权利；入径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用 _________ adj.可使用的，可接近的，可到达的 _________ adj.难以达到的，不可得到的 2 n.对……入迷的人；瘾君子 _________ adj.上瘾的 _________ adj.使人上瘾的，使人入迷的；_________ n.上瘾，入迷，嗜好 3 vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢 _________ n.欣赏；感激 _________ adj.感激的 4 n.安排；布置；约定；排列 _________ v.安排 ________ n.编曲者，乐曲改编者，安排者 5 adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的 _________ n.知道，意识 _________ adj.无意识的，没有意识到的，不知道的 _________ n.不知道，没意识 6 vi.应在(某处)；能适应 _________ n.所有物，财产 7 n.连环漫画；喜剧演员；adj.滑稽的；喜剧的 _________ n.喜剧 _________ n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员 8 n.商务，商业，贸易 _________ adj.商业的，营利的，靠广告收入支付的 _________ adv.商业上，通商上，商业的，商业化的 9 vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出 _________ n.递送，交付 10 n.娱乐活动；招待，娱乐 _________ v.使快乐，招待，款待； _________ adj.令人愉快的，有趣的，逗人笑的 _________ adj.愉快的，娱乐的 11 vt.建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定 _________ adj.已确立/建立的，著名的，资深的 _________ n.建立，创立，确立 12 adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的；n.瞬间，片刻；某一时刻 _________ adv.立即 13 n.日记；报纸，杂志 _________ n.新闻记者，新闻工作者；_________ n.新闻业，新闻工作 14 n.大部分，大多数；多数票 ______ adj.重要的，主要的 n.主修科目 v.主修，主攻 _________ n.极少数，少数民族 (pl: minorities) _______ adj.少数的，轻微的，细微的，次要的 vi.辅修 15 adj.可移动的，非固定的；行动方便的；流动的 n.手机 _________ n.移动 16 adv.显然，明显地 _________ adj.明显的 17 vt.删除；移走；开除 ______ n.移走，去掉，消除，免职，开除 _________ adj.可去除的，可取出的，可拆下的 18 vt.展示，显出；揭示，透露 _________ adj.揭示真相的，发人深省的 19 adj.恐怖的，吓人的 _____ v.使恐惧，惊吓，受惊吓 n.恐慌 _________ adj.感到害怕的 _________ adj.令人害怕的 20 adj.技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的 _________ adv.技术上地 _________ n.科技 _________ n.技术专家 _________ adj.技术的；科技的；工艺的 Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 n.公共事务，政治事务；事件，事情 2 n.羽毛球运动 3 n.芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团 4 n.电池 5 n.十亿 6 n.靴子 7 n.按键；纽扣 8 n.现金；金钱，资金 9 n.点击，单击；咔哒声 vi.& vt.使发出咔哒声；点击，单击 10 n.议论，评论；批评，指责 vi.& vt.表达意见 11 n.设备，仪器；手段，技巧 12 vt.下载 13 n.表情符号 14 n.程度，限度；范围 15 n.文件；文件夹；档案 16 n.国界，边界；尖端，边缘 17 n.商品，货品；私人财产 18 n.准则，指导方针；参考 19 n.歌剧；歌剧院 20 n.百分率，百分比；提成 21 n.壶，瓶，罐；锅 22 vt.& vi.(quit, quit; quitted, quitted)停止，戒掉；离开 23 n.食谱；方法，秘诀 24 vt.要求，请求；n.要求，请求；要求的事 25 n.网站，站点；地点；现场 26 n.软件 27 adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式(或方法) 28 vt.& vi.(互联网上)冲浪，浏览；进行冲浪运动 29 vt.上载，上传 30 n.网络摄像头 31 adj.覆盖面广的，内容广泛的 32 n.无线网络 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 属于，归……所有 注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态。 2 全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近 3 全神贯注，沉浸于 4 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出 其他意义：呕吐，抚养，养育，教育 5 减少，削减 6 get in the way/get in one’s way 7 keep in contact with 8 knock sb off one’s feet 9 reach for sth. 10 创建，建立，创办 11 飞驰而过 12 slow down 13 stretch out 14 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行 其他意义：腾飞，脱下，(飞机等的)起飞，(在某段时间)休假，开始成功 15 turn to 求助于，求教于 16 最重要的是，尤其是 17 掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌 18 in the comfort of 19 in terms of 20 在一定程度上 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 n.意外，偶然的事，事故，意外遭遇 _________ adj.意外的，偶然的 2 vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 _________ n.申请；应用 _________ n.申请人，申请者 3 adj.原子能的；原子的 ______ n.原子 4 n.优势，益处，成效；vt.使受益；vi.得益于 _________ adj.有益的，有用的 5 adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 _________ adv.广泛地，大体上；开心(笑)地 _________ v.拓宽，变宽，扩大……的范围 6 vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满；n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 _________ adj.可以控诉的，可记在某项账目上的，收费的，可充电的 7 vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 _________ n.导体；售票员；领导者；管理人，指挥，列车长 _________ n.传导 _________ adj.导电(或热等)的，能传导(电、热等)的 8 n.容器；集装箱，货柜 _________ vt.包含，含有，容纳，克制，抑制(感情)，遏制(……的势力、扩张、影响)，防止……蔓延 9 n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 _________ adj.值得称赞的/赞扬的；_________ adj.难以置信的 10 adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 _______ adj.死的；无生命的，呆板的 _______ vi.死，凋零 _______ n.死；死亡的事例 _______ adj.垂/要死的，临终的，渴望的 11 vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 _________ n.宣布，宣言，声明 12 n.电，电能 _________ adj.有关电的，电器科学的；_________ adv.电力地，有关电地；_________ adj.电子的 _________ adj.电的，发电的，电动的 13 n.实验，试验；尝试，实践；vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 _________ adj.实验的，试验性的 14 vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于；n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 _________ adj.赞同的，赞成的，有利的，肯定的，讨人喜欢的 ________ adj.& n.特别喜欢(爱)的(东西) 15 n.自由 ______ adj.自由的；免费的 ______ adv.自由地 16 n.无知 _______ adj.不了解的，无知的，愚昧的；_______ vt.忽视；不理睬 17 vt.说明，解释；加插图于 _________ n.插图，图解，图示，说明，示例 18 vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出 _________ n.表明；暗示，指示，指出，迹象 _________ n.指标，迹象，指示器，指示信号 19 adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的；n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 _________ adv.智力上；理智地 _________ adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 _________ n.智力，才智 20 vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指 _________ adj.预期的，计划的；为……打算(或设计)的 _________ n.意图，目的，企图，打算_________ adj.故意的，有意的，存心的，蓄意的 _________ adv.故意地，有意地，存心地，蓄意地 21 vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 _________ n.参与，插手 _______ adj.卷入的，有关联的，复杂的 22 adj.有限的 _______ n.& v.限制，极限，界限 _________ adj.局限的，限制性的；_________n.局限性，限度，缺点，限制，起限制作用的规则 _________ adj.无限制的，无界限的，无限度的，无止境的 23 n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 _________ v.结婚 24 adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的；n.品行，道德；寓意 _________ n.品行，美德，道德 _______ adv.道德上，道义上，有道德地；_________ adj.不道德的 25 n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 _________ adj.神秘的 26 n.国籍；民族 _________ adj.国家的；民族的 _______ n.国家；民族 27 vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能；n./ˈpɜːmɪt/许可证 _________ n.允许，许可 28 n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 _________ n.政治 _________ adj.政治的 29 vt.延迟，延期 _________ n.推迟，延期，延缓 30 vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 _________ n.出版商，出版人(或机构)；发行人(或机构) 31 n.责任，负责；职责，义务 _________ adj.有责任，负责；可靠的_________ adv.负责任地 _________ v.回答，回应，作出反应；_________ n.回复；反应，响应 32 adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 _________ n.科学 _________ n.科学家 _________ adv.合乎科学地 33 adj.足够的，充足的 _________ adj.自给自足的，自立的_________ adv.充足地，足够地_________ n.充足，足量 34 vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 _________ adj.周围的，附近的；_________ n.周围的事物(或情况)，环境 35 n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 _________ vi.生存，存活 _________ n.生存者，幸存者 36 n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见 _________ adj.理论的；理论上的；假设的；推理的 _________ adv.理论上 37 n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验；vi.& vt.测试，试验 ______ v.尝试 38 n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 ______ adj.明智的；聪明的；博学的 _______ adv.明智地，聪明地，博学地 39 n.进化；演变，发展 _________ v.发展；进化；(使)逐渐形成；逐渐演变 Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 n.权威，权力；官方 2 n.细菌(sing.bacterium) 3 n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 4 n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 5 n.数据 ，资料，材料 6 n.错误，差错 7 n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 8 n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 9 n.药草，香草；草本 10 adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家庭 11 n.闪电 12 n.金属 13 n.霉菌；模具； 类型 vt.浇铸；塑造 14 vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 15 n.省，省份 16 n.共和国，共和政体 17 adj.突出的 n.突出的人(或物) 18 n.雷雨，雷暴 1 *malaria 2 *penicillin 3 *ribbon 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 draw on 2 get a taste of 3 go off 4 go through 5 let sb. down 6 得到回报，成功，奏效，达到目的，还清，偿清(债务) 7 put forward 8 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 9 (使)加速 10 take it for granted 11 turn over 12 work out 13 as to 14 偶然，意外地 15 far from 16 thanks to 17 反复试验 18 很成功，引人注目，有强烈影响 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 考前必记词汇（必修三） Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 2 agriculture n.农业，农学 agricultural adj.农业的，农艺的 3 application n.应用，运用；申请 apply v.应用，运用，申请 applicant n.申请人，申请者 4 chemical n.化学制品；adj.化学的；化学作用的 chemistry n.化学，化学成分 chemist n.化学家，药剂师 5 chief n.首领，最高领导人；adj.主要的；首席的 chiefly adv.主要地；首要地 6 consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的 consequently adv.因此，结果，必然地 7 damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的；情感受到伤害的，有心理创伤的 8 defence (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 defend v.辩解，辩白，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫 defendant n.被告(人) defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的 9 disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 disappearance n.消失，不见 appear vi.出现，显得，似乎 appearance n.出现；外貌，外观，外表 10 economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 economical adj.经济的，节约的，合算的economy n.经济 economist n.经济学家 economics n.经济学 11 entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 entire adj.完全的 12 extinction n.灭绝，绝种 extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 13 further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 far adj.& adv.远的 farther adj.& adv.更远的/地；furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地 14 global adj.全球的；全面的 globally adv.全球地，全局地 globe n.地球，地球仪，球体 globalize vt.使全球化 globalization n.全球化 15 harm n.& vt.伤害，损害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 16 image n.形象；图像；意象 imagine vi.& vt.想象，猜想 imaginable adj.可想象的，想象得到的imagination n.想象，想象力 imaginary adj.虚构的，假想的 imaginative adj.富于想象的，有想象力的 17 length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 lengthen v.使延长，加长，延长，变长 long adj.(长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的，长久的 18 living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 live v.居住，生存 /laɪv/adj.活的，实况转播的，现场表 演的 lively adj.活泼的，生动的，真实的，生气勃勃的 alive adj.活着的(作后置定语) 19 mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 massive adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的；the masses n.群众，平民百姓 20 microorganism n.微生物 organism n.有机物 21 million n.一百万；许多，大量 millionaire n.百万富翁 22 nutrient n.营养素，营养物 nourish vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养 nutrition n.营养 nutritious adj.有营养的(特指食物或事物的用途，给人带来营养) nutritional adj.营养的(有关营养营养学方面的知识) 23 official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 officially adv.正式地，官方地 office n.办公室，官职 officer n.官员，高级职员，警官，军官 24 organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 organize v.组织，使有条理 organized adj.有组织的，安排有秩序的，有条理的 organizer n.组织者 25 poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 poisonous adj.有毒的，恶毒的，讨厌的 26 poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 poor adj.穷的 27 profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 profitable adj.有利可图的，有益的profitability n.盈利 non-profit adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的 28 protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 protester n.抗议者 29 recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 recyclable adj.可回收利用的，可再循环的 recycling n.回收利用 recycled adj.回收利用的 30 region n.地区，区域；行政区 regional adj.地区的，区域的 31 smog n.雾霾，烟雾 smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 32 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 survival n.生/幸存，残存物 adj.赖以生存的 survivor n.生存者，幸存者 33 towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 tower n.塔 34 variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 vary v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多样化 various/varied adj.不同的，各种各样的；variable adj.可变的，变化无常的 Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 2 beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 3 biodiversity n.生物多样性 4 branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 5 brochure n.小册子 6 carbon n.碳 7 cattle n.牛 8 climate n.气候；倾向，风气 9 committee n.委员会 10 continent n.大陆，陆地，洲 11 deer n.鹿(pl.deer) 12 drought n.旱灾，久旱 13 ecosystem n.生态系统 14 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 15 frog n.蛙，青蛙 16 gas n.气体；煤气；汽油 17 greenhouse n.温室，暖房 18 habitat n.生活环境，栖息地 19 hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 20 impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 21 insect n.昆虫 22 medal n.奖章，勋章 23 nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 24 nut n.坚果 25 overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 26 oxygen n.氧，氧气 27 policy n.政策，方针；原则 28 process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 29 resident n.居民，住户 30 soil n.土壤；国土，领土，土地 31 specie n.种，物种(pl. species) 32 strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 33 subway n.地铁；地下人行道 34 thus adv.因此，从而；这样 35 track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹，小道，轨道，跑道，路线 36 wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 1 dolphin n.海豚 2 *jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 3 *lily n.百合(花) 4 *mammal n.哺乳动物 5 shark n.鲨鱼 6 whale n.鲸 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 be alive with 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西) 2 be concerned about 关心/关注……，对……担忧 3 break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) (机器等)出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；消除；打破；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂 4 breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 5 build up 逐渐增加，扩大，建立 6 call for (公开)要求，需要 7 come into one’s mind 进入某人的脑海 8 come up with/come up 想出，想到，提出/被想出，想到，提出 come up with主语(人)是想出者，后面的宾语才是被想出的内容；come up意为“被想出”，主语(物)是被提及的内容，无被动语态。 9 divide...into...(被动式：be divided into) 把……分成……(……被分成) 10 get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 11 give rise to 使发生(或存在)；引起；产生，促成 12 point out 指出 13 sign up(for) 报名(参加) 14 spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)；浮现在脑海里 15 a sea of 大量的，大片的 16 one and the same 同一个(人或物) 17 due to 由于，因为 18 hand in hand 手拉手，齐头并进 19 in danger of 处于……的危险中 20 in turn 相应地，转而； 反过来，轮流，依次 21 Brazil nut 巴西坚果 22 water lily 睡莲 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 ash n.灰，灰烬，废墟 2 charity n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 charitable adj.慈善的，慈善事业的 3 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信； 批准 confirmed adj.已被确定的，已被证实的，根深蒂固的 confirmation n.确定，确证，确认书，证明书 4 curious adj.好奇的；奇特的 curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n.好奇(心) 5 destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的 destruction n.毁灭，破坏 destroy v.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 destroyer n.破坏者，毁灭者；驱逐舰 6 disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 disastrous adj.灾难性的 7 distance n.遥远，久远，距离，差异；疏远 distant adj.遥远的，遥远的；冷淡的；疏远的 distantly adv.遥远地；冷淡地；疏远地 8 donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) donation n.捐赠 donor n.捐赠者，捐款人，献血者 9 erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 eruption n.爆发，喷发，火山灰 eruptive adj.火山爆发/喷发的 10 export n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 exporter n.出口商、出口国 11 import n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入；vt.进口，引进 importer n.进口商、进口国 12 inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 information n.信息 informed adj.有学问的；见多识广的，消息灵通的 13 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 injury n.伤害，损伤 injured adj.受伤的，受损害的 the injured n.伤者/伤员 14 locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) location n.定位，位置，地点，场所 15 occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 occurrence n.出现；发生，事件 16 odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 oddly adv.古怪地，怪异地，反常地 17 orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 order n.顺序 v.命令 18 pole n.柱，杆；极 polar adj.极地的，两极的，正好相反的 19 power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 powerful adj.强大的 powerless adj.无力的；无权的，无能的 20 reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 react vi.反应，(对……)做出反应；回应；起化学反应 21 relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 relieve vt.减轻，缓和 relieved adj.(感到)欣慰的，放心的 22 rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 rescuer n.救援人员/救助者 = rescue worker 23 retire vi.& vt.退休，退职 retirement n.退休，退职 retiree n.退休人员 retired adj.退休的 retiring adj.腼腆的；不爱与人交往的 24 scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕；n.恐慌；惊吓 scared adj.恐惧的；惊恐的；害怕的 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 scaring adj.令人害怕的 25 sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 sharply adv.急剧地；锋利地；鲜明地；sharpen vt.使锋利，(使)变得锋利；(使)提高，改善 26 shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；vt.使震惊 shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的 27 unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 bearable adj.可以忍受的 bear vt.承受，忍受，生(孩子) Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 2 beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处； 超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 3 cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 4 column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 5 conference n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 6 county n.郡，县 7 crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 8 dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 9 destination n.目的地，终点 10 document n.文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 11 downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n.楼下 12 exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 13 flood n.洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 14 fund n.资金；基金 15 honey n.(爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜 16 hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 17 otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外 18 pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 19 port n.港口，避风港；港口城市 20 procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 21 roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 22 signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 23 slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入 24 staff n.全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 25 stair n.楼梯；梯级 26 supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 27 trunk n.树干 28 unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 29 volcano n.火山 1 *bubble n.泡沫，泡，气泡 2 hurricane n.飓风 3 *Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马人 4 *tsunami n.海啸 5 typhoon n.台风 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 break out 突然开始，爆发 2 hold on to 抓紧，不放开，(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 3 inform oneself of 了解，熟悉 keep ... informed of使……了解，知道 4 keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静 5 occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 6 run out of 用完，耗尽=use up 7 stay away from 与……保持距离，远离 8 take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 9 roll call 点名 10 far and wide 到处，各处，广泛地，大范围地 11 safe and sound 安然无恙的 12 at large 整个，全部 13 at the same time 同时 14 in all directions 朝着四面八方 15 in case 万一，假使，以备，以防 16 in detail 详细地 17 in terms of 就……而言 18 in the face of 面临…… 19 in the distance 在远处 20 (much)to one’s relief 令人(非常)宽慰的是 Unit 3 The world online 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 access n.机会，权利；入径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用 accessible adj.可使用的，可接近的，可到达的 inaccessible adj.难以达到的，不可得到的 2 addict n.对……入迷的人；瘾君子 addicted adj.上瘾的 addictive adj.使人上瘾的，使人入迷的；addiction n.上瘾，入迷，嗜好 3 appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢 appreciation n.欣赏；感激 appreciative adj.感激的 4 arrangement n.安排；布置；约定；排列 arrange v.安排 arranger n.编曲者，乐曲改编者，安排者 5 aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的 awareness n.知道，意识 unaware adj.无意识的，没有意识到的，不知道的 unawareness n.不知道，没意识 6 belong vi.应在(某处)；能适应 belongings n.所有物，财产 7 comic n.连环漫画；喜剧演员；adj.滑稽的；喜剧的 comedy n.喜剧 comedian n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员 8 commerce n.商务，商业，贸易 commercial adj.商业的，营利的，靠广告收入支付的 commercially adv.商业上，通商上，商业的，商业化的 9 deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出 delivery n.递送，交付 10 entertainment n.娱乐活动；招待，娱乐 entertain v.使快乐，招待，款待； entertaining adj.令人愉快的，有趣的，逗人笑的 entertained adj.愉快的，娱乐的 11 establish vt.建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定 established adj.已确立/建立的，著名的，资深的 establishment n.建立，创立，确立 12 instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的；n.瞬间，片刻；某一时刻 instantly adv.立即 13 journal n.日记；报纸，杂志 journalist n.新闻记者，新闻工作者；journalism n.新闻业，新闻工作 14 majority n.大部分，大多数；多数票 major adj.重要的，主要的 n.主修科目 v.主修，主攻 minority n.极少数，少数民族 (pl: minorities) minor adj.少数的，轻微的，细微的，次要的 vi.辅修 15 mobile adj.可移动的，非固定的；行动方便的；流动的 n.手机 mobility n.移动 16 obviously adv.显然，明显地 obvious adj.明显的 17 remove vt.删除；移走；开除 removal n.移走，去掉，消除，免职，开除 removable adj.可去除的，可取出的，可拆下的 18 reveal vt.展示，显出；揭示，透露 revealing adj.揭示真相的，发人深省的 19 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 scare v.使恐惧，惊吓，受惊吓 n.恐慌 scared adj.感到害怕的 scaring adj.令人害怕的 20 technical adj.技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的 technically adv.技术上地 technology n.科技 technologist n.技术专家 technological adj.技术的；科技的；工艺的 Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 affair n.公共事务，政治事务；事件，事情 2 badminton n.羽毛球运动 3 ballet n.芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团 4 battery n.电池 5 billion n.十亿 6 boot n.靴子 7 button n.按键；纽扣 8 cash n.现金；金钱，资金 9 click n.点击，单击；咔哒声 vi.& vt.使发出咔哒声；点击，单击 10 comment n.议论，评论；批评，指责 vi.& vt.表达意见 11 device n.设备，仪器；手段，技巧 12 download vt.下载 13 emoji n.表情符号 14 extent n.程度，限度；范围 15 file n.文件；文件夹；档案 16 frontier n.国界，边界；尖端，边缘 17 goods n.商品，货品；私人财产 18 guideline n.准则，指导方针；参考 19 opera n.歌剧；歌剧院 20 percentage n.百分率，百分比；提成 21 pot n.壶，瓶，罐；锅 22 quit vt.& vi.(quit, quit; quitted, quitted)停止，戒掉；离开 23 recipe n.食谱；方法，秘诀 24 request vt.要求，请求；n.要求，请求；要求的事 25 site n.网站，站点；地点；现场 26 software n.软件 27 somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式(或方法) 28 surf vt.& vi.(互联网上)冲浪，浏览；进行冲浪运动 29 upload vt.上载，上传 30 webcam n.网络摄像头 31 wide-ranging adj.覆盖面广的，内容广泛的 32 Wi-Fi n.无线网络 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 belong to 属于，归……所有 注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态。 2 be glued to sth. 全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近 3 be lost in 全神贯注，沉浸于 4 bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出 其他意义：呕吐，抚养，养育，教育 5 cut back on 减少，削减 6 get in the way/get in one’s way 挡道，妨碍，阻碍 7 keep in contact with 保持联系 8 knock sb off one’s feet 撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地 9 reach for sth. 伸手够某物 10 set up 创建，建立，创办 11 shoot past 飞驰而过 12 slow down 减慢 13 stretch out 伸展 14 take off 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行 其他意义：腾飞，脱下，(飞机等的)起飞，(在某段时间)休假，开始成功 15 turn to 求助于，求教于 16 above all else=above all 最重要的是，尤其是 17 at one’s fingertips 掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌 18 in the comfort of 在……里舒舒服服地 19 in terms of 在……方面，就……而言，谈及 20 to a certain extend 在一定程度上 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、单词梳理 Group 1 序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换 1 accident n.意外，偶然的事，事故，意外遭遇 accidental adj.意外的，偶然的 2 apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 application n.申请；应用 applicant n.申请人，申请者 3 atomic adj.原子能的；原子的 atom n.原子 4 benefit n.优势，益处，成效；vt.使受益；vi.得益于 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 5 broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 broadly adv.广泛地，大体上；开心(笑)地 broaden v.拓宽，变宽，扩大……的范围 6 charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满；n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 chargeable adj.可以控诉的，可记在某项账目上的，收费的，可充电的 7 conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 conductor n.导体；售票员；领导者；管理人，指挥，列车长 conduction n.传导 conductive adj.导电(或热等)的，能传导(电、热等)的 8 container n.容器；集装箱，货柜 contain vt.包含，含有，容纳，克制，抑制(感情)，遏制(……的势力、扩张、影响)，防止……蔓延 9 credit n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 creditable adj.值得称赞的/赞扬的；incredible adj.难以置信的 10 deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 dead adj.死的；无生命的，呆板的 die vi.死，凋零 death n.死；死亡的事例 dying adj.垂/要死的，临终的，渴望的 11 declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 declaration n.宣布，宣言，声明 12 electricity n.电，电能 electrical adj.有关电的，电器科学的；electrically adv.电力地，有关电地；electronic adj.电子的 electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 13 experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践；vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 experimental adj.实验的，试验性的 14 favour(AmE favor) vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于；n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 favourable adj.赞同的，赞成的，有利的，肯定的，讨人喜欢的 favorite adj.& n.特别喜欢(爱)的(东西) 15 freedom n.自由 free adj.自由的；免费的 freely adv.自由地 16 ignorance n.无知 ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的，愚昧的；ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 17 illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于 illustration n.插图，图解，图示，说明，示例 18 indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出 indication n.表明；暗示，指示，指出，迹象 indicator n.指标，迹象，指示器，指示信号 19 intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的；n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 intellectually adv.智力上；理智地intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 intelligence n.智力，才智 20 intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指 intended adj.预期的，计划的；为……打算(或设计)的 intention n.意图，目的，企图，打算intentional adj.故意的，有意的，存心的，蓄意的 intentionally adv.故意地，有意地，存心地，蓄意地 21 involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 involvement n.参与，插手 involved adj.卷入的，有关联的，复杂的 22 limited adj.有限的 limit n.& v.限制，极限，界限 limiting adj.局限的，限制性的；limitation(s)n.局限性，限度，缺点，限制，起限制作用的规则 limitless adj.无限制的，无界限的，无限度的，无止境的 23 marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 marry v.结婚 24 moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的；n.品行，道德；寓意 morality n.品行，美德，道德 morally adv.道德上，道义上，有道德地；immoral adj.不道德的 25 mystery n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 mysterious adj.神秘的 26 nationality n.国籍；民族 national adj.国家的；民族的 nation n.国家；民族 27 permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能；n./ˈpɜːmɪt/许可证 permission n.允许，许可 28 politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 politics n.政治 political adj.政治的 29 postpone vt.延迟，延期 postponement n.推迟，延期，延缓 30 publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 publisher n.出版商，出版人(或机构)；发行人(或机构) 31 responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务 responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的responsibly adv.负责任地 respond v.回答，回应，作出反应；response n.回复；反应，响应 32 scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 scientifically adv.合乎科学地 33 sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 self-sufficient adj.自给自足的，自立的sufficiently adv.充足地，足够地sufficiency n.充足，足量 34 surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 surrounding adj.周围的，附近的；surroundings n.周围的事物(或情况)，环境 35 survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 survive vi.生存，存活 survivor n.生存者，幸存者 36 theory n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见 theoretical adj.理论的；理论上的；假设的；推理的 theoretically adv.理论上 37 trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验；vi.& vt.测试，试验 try v.尝试 38 wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 wise adj.明智的；聪明的；博学的 wisely adv.明智地，聪明地，博学地 39 evolution n.进化；演变，发展 evolve v.发展；进化；(使)逐渐形成；逐渐演变 Group 2 序号 原词 词性、词意 1 authority n.权威，权力；官方 2 bacteria n.细菌(sing.bacterium) 3 bang n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 4 bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 5 data n.数据 ，资料，材料 6 error n.错误，差错 7 evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 8 extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 9 herb n.药草，香草；草本 10 household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家庭 11 lightning n.闪电 12 metal n.金属 13 mould(AmE mold) n.霉菌；模具； 类型 vt.浇铸；塑造 14 negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 15 province n.省，省份 16 republic n.共和国，共和政体 17 standout adj.突出的 n.突出的人(或物) 18 thunderstorm n.雷雨，雷暴 1 *malaria n.疟疾 2 *penicillin n.青霉素，盘尼西林 3 *ribbon n.带子，丝带；带状物 二、重要短语梳理 序 号 英语短语 汉语意义 1 draw on 利用，动用，借鉴 2 get a taste of 体会，体验，领略 3 go off 进行，走开，爆炸 4 go through 穿过，经历 5 let sb. down 使某人失望 6 pay off 得到回报，成功，奏效，达到目的，还清，偿清(债务) 7 put forward 提出，提议，建议 8 refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 9 speed up (使)加速 10 take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 11 turn over 翻转 12 work out 计算出，理解，锻炼 13 as to 关于，至于 14 by accident 偶然，意外地 15 far from 远非，几乎相反 16 thanks to 因为，多亏了 17 through trial and error 反复试验 18 with a bang 很成功，引人注目，有强烈影响 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 考前必记词汇(必修三) 一、根据汉语提示拼写单词 1. The hiker found a hidden cave _________(在……下方)the big rock while walking up the mountain. 【答案】beneath 【解析】考查介词。句意：这位徒步旅行者在登山途中在那块大石头下面发现了一个隐蔽的洞穴。根据汉语提示可知用介词beneath，后跟名词作宾语，故填beneath。 2. The south of the country was worst affected by the _________(旱灾). 【答案】drought 【解析】考查名词。句意：该国南部受旱灾影响最为严重。根据汉语提示“旱灾”可知，此处应填drought宾语，故填drought。 3. Dirty water is not allowed to pour into the river unless _________(处理). 【答案】processed 【解析】考查动词和状语从句的省略。句意：未经处理的污水是不允许排入河中的。根据汉语提示可知用动词process，unless引导的条件状语从句和主句主语一致，均为Dirty water，且Dirty water与process之间为被动关系，即unless dirty water is processed，从句和主句主语一致且从句中含有be动词，可以省略与Dirty water is，故用过去分词，故填processed。 4. _________(地带)and Road that links China to the world is a symbol of the golden age of _________(全球化). 【答案】Belt, globalization 【解析】考查名词。句意：联通中国与世界的 “一带一路” 是全球化黄金时代的象征。“一带一路” 固定表达 the Belt and Road；第一空Belt首字母大写；第二空根据汉语提示“全球化”填名词作介词of的宾语，故填Belt, globalization。 5. I didn’t expect that the _________(树枝)sprang back and hit me in the face. 【答案】branch 【解析】考查名词。句意：我没料到，那树枝竟弹了回来，打在我的脸上。根据汉语提示“树枝”以及后面谓语sprang back为单数形式可知，此处填单数名词branch，故填branch。 6. The _________(小册子)explains how to a________(申请)for a position. 【答案】brochure, apply 【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：这本小册子介绍如何申请职位。第一空根据汉语提示“小册子”填名词brochure，在句中作主语；第二空根据首字母提示以及固定搭配apply for(申请)，不定式to后接动词原形，故填brochure, apply。 7. _________(碳)fiber might be worth  exploring in the future because of its added strength. 【答案】Carbon 【解析】考查名词。句意：碳纤维因其强度更高，在未来或许值得研究。carbon fiber为固定搭配，意为“碳纤维”，位于句首首字母大写，故填Carbon。 8. He has been used to the tropical________(气候)in the area since he has stayed there for almost ten years. 【答案】climate 【解析】考查名词。句意：他在那里呆了近十年，已经习惯了该地区的热带气候。根据汉语提示“气候” 以及形容词tropical修饰名词可知，填名词，故填climate。 9. It was said that the_________(委员会)_________(反对)against changing the regulations. 【答案】committee, protested 【解析】考查名词和动词及其时态。句意：据说委员会反对修改这些规章制度。第一空根据汉语提示“委员会”填名词committee；第二空固定搭配protest against意为“反对”，主句为一般过去时，从句时态保持一致，故填committee；protested。 10. The ________(大州)connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa. 【答案】continent 【解析】考查名词。句意：在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的大洲是非洲。根据后文Africa以及句意，此处表示“大洲”，故填continent。 11. Right now, the ________(鹿)in the reserve are being watched over by many volunteers. 【答案】deer 【解析】考查名词。句意：现在，保护区里的鹿正由许多志愿者看管。deer单复数同形；句中谓语are being watched over为复数形式，此处deer表复数含义，故填deer。 12. The _________(温室)effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃. 【答案】greenhouse 【解析】考查名词。句意：温室效应使得地球表面的平均气温达到了15℃。greenhouse effect是固定短语，意为“温室效应”，故填greenhouse。 13. The athlete has won many ________(奖章)in races. 【答案】medals 【解析】考查名词及其数。句意：这位运动员在各项比赛中赢得了许多奖牌。many后接可数名词复数；“奖章”medal，用复数形式，故填medals。 14. Maybe you have been to many countries, but _________(无处)else can you find such a beautiful place. 【答案】nowhere 【解析】考查副词。句意：也许你去过很多国家，但在别的任何地方你都找不到这么美的地方。根据汉语提示和倒装结构可知填nowhere；nowhere else置于句首，句子用部分倒装，故填nowhere。 15. She started a paper-cutting studio in the Grape Valley, one of the well-known tourist ________(目的地)in the city. 【答案】destinations 【解析】考查名词。句意：她在葡萄沟开了一家剪纸工作室，葡萄沟是这座城市著名的旅游目的地之一。“目的地”常见英文为destination，one of +可数名词复数，表示“…… 之一”，所以此处要用复数形式，故填destinations。 16. Emergency ________(程序)are in need to help people face the unexpected.   【答案】procedures 【解析】考查名词。句意：需要有应急程序来帮助人们应对突发事件。“程序”作主语，用可数名词procedure，结合系动词are可知，主语是复数名词，故填procedures。 17. Nowhere else can you find such a quiet and beautiful place as Kaihua National Forest Park, whose beauty is _________(超出……之外)description. 【答案】beyond 【解析】考查介词。句意：你在其他任何地方都不可能找到像开化国家森林公园这么宁静、美丽的地方，它的美无法形容。“超出…… 之外” 用介词 beyond，固定搭配 beyond description意为“难以形容”，故填beyond。 18. In the newspaper of our school there is a _________(栏目)called “Foreign Cultures”.   【答案】column 【解析】考查名词。句意：在我们学校的报纸上有一个专栏叫“外国文化”。“栏目”对应可数名词column，空前有不定冠词a，用单数形式，故填column。 19. The computer has _________(崩溃)five times in the last few minutes and I will get it repaired tomorrow. 【答案】crashed 【解析】考查动词及其时态。句意：这台电脑在过去几分钟内死机(崩溃)了五次，我明天要把它修好。“崩溃” 用动词crash，本句为现在完成时，结构为have/has +过去分词，用crash的过去分词，故填crashed。 20. Just as I was going _________(往楼下), it occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked. 【答案】downstairs, 【解析】考查副词。句意：就在我下楼时，我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。downstairs为副词，意为 “往楼下”，修饰动词going，故填downstairs。 21. The memories of my childhood ________(大量涌入)back to my mind when I smelt the familiar smell. 【答案】flooded 【解析】考查动词及其时态。句意：当我闻到熟悉的气味时，童年的记忆涌上心头。“大量涌入”用动词flood；从句smelt为一般过去时，主句时态保持一致，用flood的过去式，故填flooded。 22. Adolescents need adults to guide them. ________(否则), it is easy for them to get into trouble. 【答案】Otherwise 【解析】考察副词。句意：青少年需要成年人的引导；否则，他们很容易陷入麻烦。“否则”用副词otherwise，置于句首首字母大写，故填Otherwise。 23. She ________(示意)to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 【答案】signaled 【解析】考查动词及其时态。句意：她示意学生们用手捂着头，排成一列有序地离开教室。“示意”用动词 signal，signal to sb. to do sth.表示“示意某人做某事”，描述过去动作，用一般过去时signaled，故填signaled。 24. 1,400 medical personnel from the Chinese People’s Liberation Army are _________(在……工作)the hospital. 【答案】staffing 【解析】考查动词。句意：来自中国人民解放军的1400名医务人员在这家医院工作。staff作动词表示 “在……工作”，本句为现在进行时，结构为 be +现在分词，用staff的现在分词，故填staffing。 25. Since 1748, Pompeii has been systematically________(挖掘). 【答案】unearthed 【解析】考查动词。句意：从1748年开始，庞贝古城就被系统地发掘出来。“挖掘、发掘”用动词unearth；本句为现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have/has been +过去分词，用unearth的过去分词，故填unearthed。 26. The girl was wearing a pair of pink _________(靴子). 【答案】boots 【解析】考查名词。句意：这个女孩穿着一双粉色的靴子。根据汉语提示“靴子”可知，此处用名词boot，作宾语，由a pair of可知，应用复数形式，故填boots。 27. With quicker and easier access to the Internet, we can find amounts of information from _________(秘诀)for cooking to military affairs. 【答案】recipes 【解析】考查名词。句意：随着更快更便捷地接入互联网，我们可以找到从烹饪秘诀到军事事务的大量信息。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填名词recipe“秘诀”，作介词from的宾语，为可数名词，前面没有限定词修饰，应用名词复数形式表示泛指，故填recipes。 28. He gave us a few specific examples to help us deal with current _________(公共事务). 【答案】affairs 【解析】考查名词及其数。句意：他给我们举了几个具体的例子来帮助我们处理时事。“公共事务” 对应名词affairs，current affairs为固定搭配，意为“时事；公共事务”，故填affairs。 29. There were several _________(羽毛球)competitions in the school stadium the next week. 【答案】badminton 【解析】考查名词。句意：接下来的一周，学校体育馆里举行了几场羽毛球比赛。badminton“羽毛球”作名词，此处作定语修饰competitions，用单数形式，故填badminton。 30. A _________(十亿)people in the world will not have access to clean drinking water. 【答案】billion 【解析】考查名词。句意：世界上将有10亿人无法获得干净的饮用水。billion表示“十亿”，前面有不定冠词a时，不加-s，故填billion。 31. The machine is so advanced that it will start the instant you press the _________(按钮). 【答案】button 【解析】考查名词。句意：这台机器很先进，你一按按钮就会启动。“按钮”对应可数名词button，此处特指这个按钮，用单数形式，故填button。 32. It is more common nowadays to make mobile payment for the convenience of not carrying _________(现金). 【答案】cash 【解析】考查名词。句意：为了方便不用携带现金，现在使用移动支付更加普遍。cash是不可数名词，意为“现金”，故填cash。 33. If you want to sign up for the contest, _________(点击)here and fill out a form. 【答案】click 【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你想报名参加竞赛的话，点击这里，然后填表。本句为祈使句，用动词原形开头，“点击” 对应动词click，故填click。 34. To use a shared bike in China, you have to ________(下载)an app on your smart phone. 【答案】download 【解析】考查动词。句意：在中国要使用共享单车，你必须在你的智能手机上下载一个应用程序。have to后接动词原形，“下载” 对应动词download，故填download。 35. The book discusses the _________(程度)to which family life has changed over the past 50 years. 【答案】extent 【解析】考查名词。句意：这本书讨论了过去50年来家庭生活的变化程度。固定搭配the extent to which…，意为“……的程度”，故填extent。 36. According to the new _________(准则)to be tested out, schools will start school later. 【答案】guideline  【解析】考查名词。句意：按照即将试行的新准则，学校将推迟学生到校上课时间。“准则” 对应可数名词guideline，空前有new，此处用单数形式，故填guideline。 37. It can easily be seen that the _________(百分比)of students who choose to listen to English songs and watch English movies are 65% and 50% respectively. 【答案】percentages 【解析】考查名词。句意：可以很容易地看出，选择听英语歌曲和看英语电影的学生的百分比分别为65%和50%。后文提到两组数据，percentage用复数形式，故填percentages。 38. Somehow, they didn’t charge us for _________(递送)this time. 【答案】delivery 【解析】考查名词。句意：不知何故，他们这次快递没有向我们收费。介词for后面接名词，delivery为名词，意为“递送；配送”，故填delivery。 39. By the end of last week, all the entries had been _________(上传)by the competitors. 【答案】uploaded 【解析】考查动词。句意：截至上周末，所有参赛作品都已被参赛者上传。“上传”用动词upload；本句为过去完成时的被动语态，结构为had been+过去分词，用upload的过去分词，故填uploaded。 40. We should find out that the US government’s attempt to use tariffs(关税)as a tool to ________(设法得到)negotiating favors. 【答案】extract 【解析】考查动词。句意：我们应该发现，美国政府试图利用关税作为获取谈判利益的工具。不定式符号 to后接动词原形，extract此处表示“设法得到”，故填extract。 41. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have ________(足够的)safety _________(数据). 【答案】sufficient, data 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全性数据。第一空修饰名词safety，用形容词sufficient，表示“足够的”；第二空data为不可数名词，意为“数据”，故填sufficient, data。 42. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using ________(家庭的)water ________(容器). 【答案】household, containers 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：在没有研究设备的情况下，他们只能用家庭用水容器提取草药。第一空修饰名词短语water containers，用形容词household，表示“家庭的”；第二空container是可数名词，此处表泛指，用复数containers，故填household, containers。 43. Their final decision was to ________(否定)the agreement. 【答案】negate 【解析】考查动词。句意：他们最终的决定是否定这个协议。不定式符号to后接动词原形，negate表示“否定”，故填negate。 44. During ________(雷雨), static electricity(静电)in the clouds builds up, eventually bursting into ________(闪电). 【答案】thunderstorm, lightning 【解析】考查名词。句意：雷雨期间，云层中的静电聚积起来，最终形成闪电。thunderstorm表示“雷雨”，此处表一类天气；lightning是不可数名词，意为“闪电”，故填thunderstorm, lightning。 45. Another ________(突出的)feature of the CR450 is its exceptional energy efficiency. 【答案】standout 【解析】考查形容词。句意：CR450的另一个突出特点是其卓越的能源效率。standout作形容词，意为“突出的、杰出的”，修饰名词feature，故填standout。本句也可以填：striking/outstanding 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1. “Will you come to my graduation party?” “ ________(absolute)! I wouldn’t miss it!” 【答案】Absolutely 【解析】考查副词。句意：“你会来参加我的毕业派对吗？” “当然！我绝对不会错过！”此处表示肯定回复，意为“当然”用副词absolutely，句首单词首字母大写，故填Absolutely。 2. Artificial intelligence has a wide ________(apply)in many fields. 【答案】application 【解析】句意：人工智能在许多领域有着广泛的应用。空处位于形容词wide之后，且作动词has的宾语，应用名词形式；提示词apply为动词，意为“应用”，其名词形式为application。 3. The trees planted at the end of the 19th century have become a powerful ________(defend)against the strong wind. 【答案】defence/defense 【解析】句意：19世纪末栽种的树木已经成为抵御强风的一道有力屏障。空处作表语，且被形容词powerful修饰，应使用名词形式，故填defense/defence。 4. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲)environmental protection to promote ________(economy) growth. 【答案】economic 【解析】句意：当地政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。此处需用形容词修饰名词growth，用economy的形容词，故填economic。 5. We will refund your money to you in full if you are not ________(entire)satisfied. 【答案】entirely 【解析】句意：如果您不是完全满意，我们将全额退款给您。空处修饰形容词satisfied，应用副词作状语；提示词entire为形容词，意为“全部的，整个的”，用其副词形式为，故填entirely。 6. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of ________(extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 【答案】extinction 【解析】句意：随着人类活动的影响持续加剧，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长，我们面临一个问题：我们承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 介词of后面需要接名词作宾语。所给词extinct是形容词，意为“灭绝的”，用对应的名词形式，故填extinction。 7. The Spring Equinox(春分)signals the equal ________(long)of the day and night time. 【答案】length 【解析】考查名词。句意：春分标志着白天和黑夜的时间长度相等。空处作宾语，表示“长度”应用名词 length，不可数，故填length。 8. For downloadable lessons, visit the ________(office)website of Children’s Theatre. 【答案】official 【解析】考查形容词。句意：如需可下载的课程，请访问儿童剧院的官方网站。此处修饰名词“website”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“office”为名词，意为“办公室”，其形容词形式是official，意为“官方的”，official website表示“官方网站”，符合语境，故填official。 9. These normally harmless substances combine to form a highly ________(poison)gas. 【答案】poisonous 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这些通常无害的物质混合在一起，形成一种剧毒气体。分析可知，这里用形容词作定语，修饰名词“gas”。“poison”，名词，意为“毒药”，其形容词形式为“poisonous(有毒的)”，故填poisonous。 10. Saving our planet, lifting people out of ________(poor), advancing economic growth… these are one and the same fight. 【答案】poverty 【解析】考查名词。句意：拯救地球、摆脱贫困、促进经济发展……这些本质上是同一场斗争。out of poverty固定搭配“摆脱贫困”，故填poverty。 11. Please make sure to put all ________(recycle)materials, such as plastic bottles and paper, into the blue bin. 【答案】recyclable 【解析】句意：请务必把所有可回收材料，比如塑料瓶和纸张，放进蓝色垃圾桶。 空格修饰名词materials，需用形容词；用recycle的形容词，故填recyclable。 12. As a result of financial crises, a lot of small companies have to fight for ________(survive). 【答案】survival 【解析】句意：由于金融危机，许多小公司不得不为生存而战。空处位于介词for之后，作宾语，应用名词形式；提示词survive为动词，意为“幸存，存活”，用其名词形式，故填survival。 13. The broadcasting system in Canada is famous and advanced, which serves ________(variety)purposes. 【答案】various 【解析】句意：加拿大的广播系统闻名遐迩且技术先进，其功能多样。修饰名词purposes用形容词作定语，故填various。 14. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support ________(agriculture)research. 【答案】agricultural 【解析】考查形容词。句意：身为土地之子，他不在乎名利，反而捐赠巨资支持农业研究。修饰名词 research，需用形容词作定语；用agriculture的形容词形式，故填agricultural。 15. Just now Bob appeared in front of us, appearing joyful and his ________ brought much delight to us. As a result, our worry ________ quickly. (appear) 【答案】appearance, disappeared 【解析】考查名词和动词及其时态。句意：刚才鲍勃出现在我们面前，看起来高高兴兴的，他的出现给我们带来了很多快乐，因此我们的担心很快就消失了。第一空形容词性物主代词his后接名词，appear的名词形式appearance意为“出现”；第二空缺少谓语动词，结合时间状语just now可知用一般过去时，disappear意为“消失”，过去式为disappeared，故填appearance, disappeared。 16. The Internet enables people to keep track of what’s going on ________ and become part of the ________ community.(globe) 【答案】globally, global 【解析】考查副词和形容词。句意：因特网使人们能够追踪世界上发生的一切，成为全球社区的一部分。第一空修饰动词短语 going on，用副词globally，表示“在全球范围”；第二空修饰名词community，用形容词global，表示“全球的”，故填globally, global。 17. A diet lacking in ________(nutrient)value will not keep a person healthy. 【答案】nutritional/nutritious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。修饰名词value，需要形容词作定语；nutrient对应的形容词nutritional(营养的)、nutritious(有营养的)均可，故填nutritional/nutritious。 18. MSF is an independent, non-profit ________(organize)whose mission is to provide medical care for those affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters or a lack of health care. 【答案】organization 【解析】考查名词。句意：MSF是一个独立的非营利组织，其使命是为那些受冲突、流行病、灾难或缺乏医疗保健影响的人提供医疗服务。non-profit为形容词，后面接名词；用organize的名词形式 ，空前有不定冠词a，用单数，故填organization。 19. Due to________(curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 【答案】curiosity 【解析】考查名词。句意：由于好奇，他挤进人群，想看看发生了什么事。分析可知，空前“to”为介词，所填应是名词，作其宾语。“curious”，形容词，意为“好奇的”，用其名词形式，故填curiosity。 20. Too much pressure may have a ________(destroy)effect on students’ mental health. 【答案】destructive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：过大的压力可能会对学生的心理健康产生毁灭性的影响。分析句子结构可知，此空需用形容词修饰名词effect，用destroy的形容词形式，故填destructive。 21. The ________(distant)between the two villages is about 10 kilometers. 【答案】distance 【解析】考查名词。句意：两个村庄之间的距离大约是10公里。空处需要名词作主语，distant的名词形式是distance，意为“距离”，表示抽象含义是不可数名词，故填distance。 22. Today, the Internet has become one of the most ________(power)tools for people all over the world. 【答案】powerful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天，互联网已经成为全世界人们最强大的工具之一。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词tools，句子表示“互联网已经成为全世界人们最强大的工具之一”，空格处意为“强大的”，用power的形容词，故填powerful。 23. His ________(react)to the news was quite unexpected. 【答案】reaction 【解析】考查名词。句意：他对这个消息的反应相当出人意料。根据形容词性物主代词“His”可知，此处需要用名词作句子的主语，用react的名词形式，且句中系动词为was，遵循主谓一致原则，主语需用单数形式，故填reaction。 24. Much to my ________(relieve), the car was not badly damaged. 【答案】relief 【解析】句意：令我大为宽慰的是，汽车损坏得不严重。本空作宾语，需用relieve的名词形式，故填relief。 25. The residents nearby found the smell from the chemical plant ________(bear). 【答案】unbearable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：附近的居民发现这家化工厂散发的气味令人难以忍受。分析可知，句中是“find +宾语+宾补”结构，表示“发现某物……”，所填应是形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明“the smell from the plant”的性质特点；同时结合句意，应是“气味难以忍受”。“bear”，动词，意为“容忍，忍受”，其形容词形式“unbearable”意为“难以忍受的”，符合语境，故填unbearable。 26. Every year, he ________(donation)millions of dollars to sponsor________(charity)activities. 【答案】donates, charitable 【解析】考查动词和形容词。句意：每年，他都捐赠数百万美元用于赞助慈善活动。第一空 every year 表经常性动作，主语he为三单，用donation对应的动词一般现在时；第二空修饰名词activities，用charity的形容词，故填donates, charitable。 27. After the ________(disaster)earthquake, the rescue team sent the ________(injure)to the hospital without delay. 【答案】disastrous, injured 【解析】考查形容词。句意：灾难性地震发生后，救援队立即将伤员送往医院。第一空修饰名词 earthquake，用 disaster 的形容词 disastrous；第二空the+形容词表一类人，the injured表示伤员，故填disastrous, injured。 28. Based on the ________(inform), we can conclude that the company is the world’s largest ________(destroy) of the river. 【答案】information, destroyer 【解析】考查名词。句意：根据这些信息，我们可以得出结论，该公司是这条河流最大的破坏者。第一空 the 后接inform对应的不可数名词；第二空largest后接destroy 对应的名词，故填information, destroyer。 29. I can certainly tell you the ________ of the library. It is ________ in the west of the campus.(locate) 【答案】location, located 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：我当然可以告诉你图书馆的位置。它位于校园的西边。第一空the后接locate对应的名词；第二空固定搭配be located in，故填location, located。 30. As many old ________ men say, for many middle-aged people, when it comes to preparing for ________, they are not quite sure about how much money they should save and spend.(retire) 【答案】retired, retirement 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：正如许多退休老人所说，对于很多中年人来说，当提到为退休做准备时，他们不知道应该存多少钱和花多少钱。第一空修饰名词men，用retire的形容词；第二空介词for后接retire对应的名词，故填retired, retirement。 31. This incident has ________(sharp)public awareness of the economic crisis. 【答案】sharpened 【解析】考查动词。句意：这一事件提高了公众对经济危机的认识。has后接过去分词构成现在完成时，用sharp对应的动词的过去分词，故填sharpened。 32. Looking through the newspaper, I’m ________(shock)by photos showing a hurricane has destroyed a town. 【答案】shocked 【解析】考查形容词。句意：翻阅报纸时，看到飓风摧毁一座城镇的照片，我感到很震惊。修饰人作表语，用shock的-ed形容词，故填shocked。 33. Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, education wasn’t ________(access)to children. 【答案】accessible 【解析】考查形容词。句意：希望工程在这个贫困地区实施之前，孩子们没有受教育的机会。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；accessible为形容词，意为“可到达的、可进入的”，固定短语be accessible to表示“可接近的、可进入的”，符合句子和句意，故填accessible。 34. The new survey shows that the number of the students ________(addict)to computer games has been on the increase in recent years. 【答案】addicted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：新的调查显示，近年来沉迷于电脑游戏的学生人数一直在增加。本题考查固定短语be addicted to，意为“沉溺于”，省略be动词，使用形容词，作后置定语，修饰名词the students，故填addicted。 35. Most travel agencies now make their travel ________(arrange)meet individual needs. 【答案】arrangements 【解析】考查名词及其数。句意：现在大多数旅行社都根据个人需求安排旅行。空处作宾语，需用arrange的名词形式，故填arrangements。 36. He drove at full speed and shot past the old man, totally ________(aware)of the potential risk. 【答案】unaware 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他全速开车，从老人身边飞过，完全没有意识到潜在的风险。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作状语，根据句意可知，应用“unaware”，意为“没意识到的”，形容词词性，故填unaware。 37. Modern education often combines learning with ________(entertain)to make lessons more engaging. 【答案】entertainment 【解析】考查名词。句意：现代教育常常将学习与娱乐结合，让课程更具吸引力。with后接名词entertainment作宾语，表“娱乐”是不可数名词，故填entertainment。 38. Though the ________(major)of online users are nice and friendly, there might be some users who make you feel uncomfortable online. 【答案】majority 【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然大多数网友都很友好，但也有一些网友会让你在网上感到不舒服。短语the majority of表示“大多数”，故填majority。 39. My sister ________(obvious)has a talent for playing the piano. 【答案】obviously 【解析】考查副词。句意：我妹妹显然有弹钢琴的天赋。此处修饰动词has，应用副词，作状语，故填obviously。 40. The emergency medical ________(technical)is really ________(appreciate)of what you did to him when he was upset before the contest. 【答案】technician, appreciative 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：这名急救医疗技术员真的很感激你在他赛前心烦意乱时对他所做的一切。第一空medical后接technical对应的名词；第二空固定搭配be appreciative of，用appreciate 的形容词，故填technician, appreciative。 41. It was the first ________(commerce)available machine to employ artificial intelligence. 【答案】commercially 【解析】句意：这是第一台商用的人工智能机器。修饰形容词available，用commerce对应的副词，故填 commercially。 42. Though ________(journal)are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. 【答案】journalists 【解析】句意：尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。从句谓语为are，主语用journal对应的复数名词，故填journalists。 43. Spending a whole week without my smartphone was ________(scare)at first but then I began to feel free. 【答案】scary 【解析】考查形容词。句意：刚开始，整整一周不用智能手机很令人害怕，但后来我开始感到自由。用scare的形容词形式，故填scary。 44. Recent years have witnessed a growing social ________(mobile). 【答案】mobility 【解析】考查名词。句意：近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。形容词social后接mobile对应的名词，故填 mobility。 45. It will result in the ________(establish)of the world’s largest marine reserve. 【答案】establishment 【解析】考查名词。句意：这将促成世界上最大的海洋保护区的设立。空格前有定冠词the，空处应用名词，作介词in的宾语。动词establish的名词形式是establishment，表示“建立、设立”，为不可数名词，故填establishment。 三、选词填空 选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式完成句子。每个短语只能用一次，有两项为多余项。 A break down breathe life into build up call for come into one’s mind come up with due to get rid of give rise to in danger of in turn spring to mind 1. Continuous efforts to develop new energy technologies will surely _______________ a clean energy economy. 【答案】give rise to 【解析】句意：持续研发新能源技术必将造就清洁能源经济。根据“Continuous efforts to develop new energy technologies”可知，持续研发新能源技术促成清洁能源经济，表示“产生，促成”应用动词短语give rise to，位于助动词will后面，使用动词原形。 2. The moment I saw Robinson, the days when we were together on the island immediately _______________. 【答案】sprang to mind 【解析】句意：见到鲁宾逊的那一刻，我们在岛上的日子立刻浮现在我的脑海里。由“the days when we were together on the island immediately”可知，句子表示“见到鲁宾逊的那一刻，我们在岛上的日子立刻浮现在我的脑海里”，空格处意为“浮现在脑海里”，是固定短语spring to mind，由saw可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式sprang，故填sprang to mind。 3. We need to ___________ the idea that we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile. 【答案】get rid of 【解析】句意：我们需要摆脱这样一种观念：必须一直被人喜欢才有价值。根据“ we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile”及常识可知，我们需要摆脱这一观念，表示“摆脱”应用动词短语get rid of，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。 4. Many species are in danger of extinction now ________ the actions of the human race. 【答案】due to 【解析】句意：由于人类的行为，许多物种正处于灭绝的危险之中。此处表示“由于”为短语due to，故填due to。 5. The more confidence you ________ in yourself, the greater your chances of success are. 【答案】build up 【解析】句意：你对自己建立的信心越多，你成功的机会就越大。根据句意可知设空处为build up，意为“建立”，在句中作谓语，根据后半句可知应用一般现在时，主语you，故填build up。 6. All of the experts at the conference _____________ creative ideas on how to solve the problem. 【答案】came up with 【解析】句意：参会所有专家都想出了解决这个问题的创意办法。根据“creative ideas”可知，用固定短语come up with“想出，提出(主意、办法)”，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式，故填came up with。 7. She had been waiting for Simon to _________ the barrier between them. 【答案】break down 【解析】句意：她一直在等西蒙打破他们之间的障碍。根据句意，此处需要的意思是“打破”，break down符合句意。空格处为目的状语，前面有to，该空用动词原形形式，故填break down。 8. Our teacher makes humorous remarks in class, _______________ our class. 【答案】breathing life into 【解析】句意：我们老师在课堂上讲幽默的话，给我们的课堂注入了活力。由“Our teacher makes humorous remarks in class”可知，句子表示“我们老师在课堂上讲幽默的话，给我们的课堂注入了活力”，空格处意为“给……注入活力”，是固定短语breathe life into，句中谓语是makes，空格处动词用非谓语动词，此处应该用现在分词表结果，故填breathing life into。 9. He spends too much time on maths, and this ________ affects the progress of the other subjects. 【答案】in turn 【解析】句意：他花太多时间学数学，这反过来影响了其他科目的进步。根据“He spends too much time on maths”和“affects the progress of the other subjects.”可知，花太多时间学数学反过来影响了其他科目的进步，表示“反过来”应用介词短语in turn。 10. Dealing with naughty students ________ teachers’ immense wisdom and patience. 【答案】calls for 【解析】句意：与顽皮的学生打交道需要老师的巨大智慧和耐心。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“需要”，故用固定短语call for，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Dealing with naughty students是动词-ing形式的短语，作主语视为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填calls for。 B at large break out far and wide hold on to inform oneself of in terms of keep one’s head occur to roll call safe and sound run out of take the form of 1. After a __________ confirmed that every participant had arrived, the instructor began to inform everyone of the safety rules for the outdoor activity. 【答案】roll call 【解析】句意：在点名确认所有参与者全部到齐后，指导员开始向大家告知户外活动的安全守则。roll call为名词短语，意为“点名”，符合语境；不定冠词a后接名词短语，故填roll call。 2. We were on a walk in the country when the idea first ________ us. 【答案】occurred to 【解析】句意：我们正在乡间散步时，这个想法第一次出现在我们脑海里。根据“the idea”可知，此处指想法“被想到”，用短语occur to。结合“were”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，occur的过去式为occurred，故填occurred to。 3. After two weeks’ training, the soldiers finally returned to the camp ________________. 【答案】safe and sound 【解析】句意：经过两周的训练，士兵们终于安然无恙地回到营地。分析可知，空处所填短语要作状语。结合前文“returned to the camp”可推知，应是表达安全抵达含义。“safe and sound”，形容词短语，意为“安然无恙”，可作伴随状语，符合句意表达，故填safe and sound。 4. Noticing that the water was rising quickly, he ___________ and considered how to deal with the difficult situation. 【答案】kept his head 【解析】句意：注意到水涨得很快，他保持镇静，考虑如何处理这个困难的局面。根据“considered how to deal with the difficult situation.”可知，此处是指保持冷静然后考虑如何处理困境，动词短语keep one’s head“保持冷静”符合题意，空处和下文considered是并列的谓语动词，因此也应使用一般过去时，故填kept his head。 5. In this model, the return message might ________________ feedback or a formal reply. 【答案】take the form of 【解析】句意：在此模型中，返回消息可能采用反馈或正式回复的形式。结合句意可知，take the form of“采取……形式，以……形式”符合题意，情态动词might后接动词原形，故填take the form of。 6. In the globalized world, diseases can rapidly spread ________________ via international travel and trade. 【答案】far and wide 【解析】句意：在全球化的世界中，疾病可以通过国际旅行和贸易迅速广泛传播。结合句意可知，far and wide“广泛地，大范围地”符合题意，故填far and wide。 7. My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had ________________ gas. 【答案】run out of 【解析】句意：我的车在去海滩的路上出故障了，因为没油了。根据“My car broke down”可推知，此处指车子的故障是因为油用完了，空处用动词短语run out of。because引导的原因状语从句时态为过去完成时，空处run用过去分词run，故填run out of。 8. Make sure to ______________ the rope while you are walking on the bridge, because you could slip otherwise. 【答案】hold on to 【解析】句意：你在桥上走的时候一定要抓紧绳子，否则你会滑倒的。根据“the rope while you are walking on the bridge, because you could slip otherwise”可知，用短语“hold on to”，根据make sure to do“确保做某事”空处要用动词原形，故填hold on to。 9. I just do what I do and hope it will be accepted by the public __________. 【答案】at large 【解析】句意：我只是做我所做的，并希望它能被大众所接受。分析可知，所填应是介词短语。结合前文“the public”意为“公众”，这里的短语应是表达“范围”，“at large”，意为“整个”，符合句意表达，故填at large。 10. The food in this region was in short supply after the war __________. 【答案】broke out 【解析】句意：战争爆发后，这个地区的食物供应不足。根据句意可知设空处为break out，意为“爆发”，在句中作谓语，根据上文was可知应用一般过去时，故填broke out。 C above all else at one’s fingertips be glued to belong to be lost in bring up cut back on in terms of set up shoot past take off turn to 1. We imagine a more connected, intelligent, and innovative future. __________, we must ensure this is a better future for all. 【答案】Above all else 【解析】句意：我们设想一个更加互联、智能和创新的未来。最重要的是，我们必须确保这对所有人来说都是一个更美好的未来。该空处表示“最重要的是”，用固定搭配above all else，句首单词首字母大写，故填Above all else。 2. Since prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to _____________ their expenses. 【答案】cut back on 【解析】句意：由于物价上涨得太快，很多人都在想办法削减开支。根据“prices are rising so fast”和“their expenses”可知，此处指“削减”开支，不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填cut back on。 3. It is unfortunate that false information on the Internet isn’t completely _____________. 【答案】at our fingertips 【解析】句意：遗憾的是，互联网上的虚假信息并不能完全为我们所掌握。at one’s fingertips意为掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)；结合语境物主代词用our，故填at our fingertips。 4. A special fund which _____________ for the disabled came under the spotlight. 【答案】was set up 【解析】句意：为残疾人设立的一项特别基金受到关注。空处在从句中作谓语。which指代A special fund，结合空后的“for the disabled”可知，这里表示为残疾人设立的特别基金。set up意为“创建，建立”。主语和set up之间是动宾关系，且根据came可知，这里应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语表示单数，谓语应用单数形式，故填was set up。 5. Linda’s father was very happy when he saw her career starts to __________. 【答案】take off 【解析】句意：当琳达的父亲看到她的事业开始腾飞时，他非常高兴。根据“her career”和“very happy”可知，此处指事业“腾飞；成功”，take off为固定短语，意为“(事业、生意等)腾飞；突然成功”，start to后接动词原形，故填take off。 6. He was so absorbed in the games that his eyes _____________ the screen. 【答案】were glued to 【解析】句意：他如此沉迷于游戏，以至于眼睛紧盯着屏幕。根据句意“全神贯注地盯着某物”可知，此处为动词短语be glued to sth.，结合was absorbed in可知，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，be动词用were，故填were glued to。 7. We are forbidden to play on the lawn _____________ him. 【答案】belonging to 【解析】句意：我们被禁止在属于他的草坪上玩耍。根据句意“属于”可知，此处为动词短语belong to，为非谓语动词作后置定语，the lawn和belong to为逻辑主谓关系，空处需填现在分词形式，故填belonging to。 8. Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist, as if she _____________ deep thought. 【答案】was lost in 【解析】句意：吉尔交叉双腿，把下巴放在一只拳头上，仿佛她陷入了沉思。该空处表示“沉浸于……中”，用固定搭配be lost in，根据crossed和rested可知，as if引导的从句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词用was，故填was lost in。 9. Poor thing, her husband has left her with three children to _____________. 【答案】bring up 【解析】句意：不好的是，她的丈夫给她留下了三个孩子抚养。根据句意可知，此处意为“抚养”，故应用短语bring up，且此处为动词不定式to do形式，故此处应用动词原形，故填bring up。 10. Mr Smith sang happily on his way home when a car __________ him, nearly knocking into him. 【答案】shot past 【解析】句意：史密斯先生在回家的路上高兴地唱着歌，这时一辆汽车从他身边飞驰而过，差点撞到他。根据后文 “nearly knocking into him(差点撞到他)” 可知，此处描述车辆快速经过他身旁的场景，应选用短语shot past(飞驰而过)。分析时态，主句谓语sang为一般过去时，when引导的分句时态保持一致，shoot的过去式为shot，故填shot past。 D by accident draw on go through let sb. down pay off put forward refer to speed up take it for granted thanks to through trial and error with a bang 1. Children always _____________ that their parents should take care of them and do everything for them. 【答案】take it for granted 【解析】句意：孩子们总是想当然地认为父母应该照顾他们，为他们做一切事情。根据“their parents should take care of them and do everything for them”以及句意“想当然地认为”可知应填take it for granted，根据always可知为一般现在时，主语为Children，谓语用原形，故填take it for granted。 2. Now you show me a successful complex system, and I will show you a system that has evolved _____________. 【答案】through trial and error 【解析】句意：现在你给我展示一个成功的复杂系统，那我就给你展示一个通过反复试验而逐渐形成的系统。根据“I will show you a system that has evolved”以及句意“(通过)反复试验”可知应填through trial and error，故填through trial and error。 3. Please don’t _____________; I really trust you to finish the project on time while I am away on vacation. 【答案】let me down 【解析】句意：千万别让我失望，我外出休假期间十分信赖你能按时完成项目。根据“I really trust you to finish the project on time while I am away on vacation.”以及句意“使失望”可知应填let sb. down，sb.对应的是me，此处为否定祈使句，需填动词原形。 4. To ensure the future of mankind, it is significant to _________ our experience from the past. 【答案】draw on 【解析】句意：为了确保人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验具有重要意义。根据下文“our experience from the past (从过去中……经验)”可推理出，空白处应填表达“借鉴”含义的动词短语，故填draw on。 5. Her career as a singer began _____________ when she won the champion title in the singing contest. 【答案】with a bang 【解析】句意：当她在歌唱比赛中获得冠军头衔时，她的歌手生涯以引人注目的方式开始了。根据“when she won the champion title in the singing contest”可知，此处是指她的歌手生涯轰动地开始了，介词短语with a bang意为“引人注目”，符合句意，故填with a bang。 6. I met an old friend quite ___________ in the street this morning. 【答案】by accident 【解析】句意：今天早上我在街上偶然遇见了一位老朋友。根据“in the street this morning”可知，此处是指偶然遇见了一位老朋友，介词短语by accident意为“偶然，意外地”，符合句意，故填by accident。 7. Keep it in mind that extra time spent studying now will _________ in the future. 【答案】pay off 【解析】句意：请记住，现在花在学习上的额外时间将来会有回报的。根据上文“extra time spent studying now (现在花在学习上的额外时间)”以及下文“in the future. (将来)”可知，此处讲的是现在在学习上花的时间会在将来发生的某种情况，分析待选项，“pay off (回报)”表达的含义与句子表达的含义一致，故填pay off。 8. Whenever you meet with a new word while reading, you can’t think of _____________ a dictionary. 【答案】referring to 【解析】句意：每当你在阅读时遇到一个新词，你不能想着要查字典。根据上文“Whenever you meet with a new word while reading (每当你在阅读时遇到一个新词)”可知，上下文说的是阅读中遇到生词不能直接查字典的话题，应填表示“查阅”含义的动词，分析待选项，“refer to (查阅)”表达的含义与句子表达的含义一致，根据空白处前面的介词of可知空白处应填动词-ing的形式，故填referring to。 9. It is worthwhile considering the suggestion _____________ at the conference. 【答案】put forward 【解析】句意：考虑会议上提出的建议是值得的。根据句子 “the suggestion(建议)” 和 “at the conference(在会议上)” 可知，这里表达 “在会议上被提出的建议”，应选用短语 put forward(提出)。分析句子结构，空格内容修饰前面的名词suggestion，suggestion和put forward之间为被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，put的过去分词仍是put，故填put forward。 10. The invention of steam engine greatly __________ the industrial revolution, which contributed a lot to the take­off of the world. 【答案】sped up 【解析】句意：蒸汽机的发明极大地加速了工业革命，对世界的腾飞做出了巨大贡献。根据下文“contributed a lot to the take­off of the world (对世界的腾飞做出了巨大贡献)”可推理出空白处应填表示“(使)加速”含义的动词短语，故填sped up。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A When man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely ___1___(disturb). He grows a crop and takes it away to eat; then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface. Thus he is most likely to make the land ___2___(bad)year by year. To take the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer. In some places, it is a habit to burn waste material lying about, but such burning ___3___(destroy)the useful matter that the plants need to grow. In ___4___ past, when the world population was much less, man had little difficulty growing the food. When a field ___5___ had been used for some years became tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered. ___6___(Gradual)grasses and other plants would appear on it and its productive power would slowly return to normal. But nature, ___7___(leave)alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state. The length of time ___8___(require)would depend on local conditions, but it might well be ten years. Anyway, ___9___ is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year and it is man’s ___10___(responsible)to find solutions to the problem of soil protection. 【答案】 1. to be disturbed 2. worse 3. destroys 4. the 5. which/that 6. Gradually 7. left 8. required 9. it 10. responsibility 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类在大自然中种植粮食，会对大自然造成的不良影响。指出在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当人类开始在大自然中工作时，这种平衡很可能被打破。表示“可能做某事”短语为be likely to do sth.，且balance与disturb构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式，故填to be disturbed。 2. 考查比较级。句意：因此，他很有可能让土地一年比一年糟糕。结合句意“一年比一年糟糕”可知应用比较级worse，作宾补，故填worse。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在一些地方，焚烧到处散落的废弃物是一种习惯，但这样的焚烧破坏了植物生长所需的有用物质。根据上文it is a habit to burn waste material lying about可知为一般现在时，主语为burning，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填destroys。 4. 考查冠词。句意：在过去，当世界人口少得多的时候，人类种植粮食几乎没有什么困难。结合句意表示“在过去”短语为in the past，故填the。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：当一块用了好几年的土地变得贫瘠了，农民可以搬到另一个地方去。此处为定语从句修饰先行词field，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导，故填which / that。 6. 考查副词。句意：渐渐地，上面会出现草和其他植物，它的生产力也会慢慢恢复正常。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词gradually，作状语。句首单词首字母要大写，故填Gradually。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，自然若任其自行恢复，需要很长时间才能让土地恢复原貌。分析句子可知leave在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nature构成被动关系，故应用过去分词，故填left。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：所需的时间长短将视当地情况而定，但很可能是10年。分析句子结构可知require在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The length of time构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填required。 9. 考查it用法。句意：无论如何，在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问题的办法是人类的责任。此处为it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语，故填it。 10. 考查名词。句意：无论如何，在一块地里年复一年地种同一种作物是不好的做法，找到解决土壤保护问 题的办法是人类的责任。根据上文名词所有格man’s可知应填名词responsibility，表抽象概念，不可数， 故填responsibility。 B In the past century and a half, China___1___(experience)five of the world’s 10 severest natural disasters, while ___2___top three severest natural disasters in world history all occurred in China. However, with the internet of things technology, the nation can now provide crucial support through early warning systems and detection of natural disasters, as well as enhance emergency response in order___3___ (protect)the population. Internet of things technology is based on interconnection through the internet of computing devices in everyday objects,___4___(enable)them to send and receive data. This technology is powering research in everything from driverless cars___5___smart refrigerators. The___6___(develop)of low power wide area, or LPWA, technology in the past two years, combined with internet of things applications, is fast becoming the route to protecting Chinese infrastructure(基础设施). LPWA technology allows for wireless telecommunication networks across long ranges at ___7___(extreme) low bit rates, meaning that small individual objects such as sensors(传感器)can be placed across vast distances in order to detect natural disasters. A wide range of___8___(environment)conditions can be monitored and integrated as part of an early warning system. Internet of things accelerators(加速器), such as the ones___9___(fund)by Ericsson in China earlier this year, are making it increasingly affordable to set up large numbers of sensors across an area ___10___ natural disasters occur. The quantity of sensors connected means that it is easier to manage environmental data on noise, water and air. 【答案】 1. has experienced 2. the 3. to protect 4. enabling 5. to 6. development 7. extremely 8. environmental 9. funded 10. where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过去一个半世纪我国自然灾害多发的背景，着重介绍物联网、LPWA 低功耗广域技术如何搭建传感器监测网络，实现自然灾害预警监测，提升应急避险能力，守护民众安全。 1. 考查谓语动词。句意：在过去的一个半世纪里，中国经历了世界上十场最严重的自然灾害中的五场，而世界历史上最严重的三场自然灾害都发生在中国。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“in the past century and a half”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“China”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has experienced。 2. 考查冠词。句意：在过去的一个半世纪里，中国经历了世界上十场最严重的自然灾害中的五场，而世界历史上最严重的三场自然灾害都发生在中国。分析句子成分可知，空处限定名词，表示特指，用定冠词，故填the。 3. 考查固定搭配。句意：然而，凭借物联网技术，中国现在能够通过自然灾害预警系统和检测系统提供关键支持，并加强应急响应，以保护民众。根据句意可知，空处为固定搭配：in order to do sth.，意为“为了……”，符合句意，故填to protect。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：物联网技术基于日常物品中计算设备的互联网连接，使它们能够发送和接收数据。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式，故填enabling。 5. 考查固定短语。句意：这项技术正在推动从无人驾驶汽车到智能冰箱等各个领域的研究。根据句意可知，空处考查固定短语：from…to…，意为“从……到……”，符合句意，故填to。 6. 考查名词。句意：过去两年，低功耗广域(LPWA)技术的发展，结合物联网应用，正迅速成为保护中国基础设施的途径。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当主语，意为“发展”，表抽象意义，为不可数名词，故填development。 7. 考查副词。句意：LPWA技术允许以极低的比特率在长距离内进行无线电信网络传输，这意味着可以将小型个体对象(如传感器)放置在广阔区域中，以检测自然灾害。分析句子成分可知，空处考查修饰形容词“low”用副词形式，意为“极其”，故填extremely。 8. 考查形容词。句意：可以监测广泛的环境条件，并将其作为预警系统的一部分进行整合。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式，修饰空后的“conditions”，故填environmental。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：物联网加速器，如今年早些时候爱立信在中国资助的那些，正使得在自然灾害发生的地区部署大量传感器变得越来越经济可行。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“the ones”和动词“fund”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填funded。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：物联网加速器，如今年早些时候爱立信在中国资助的那些，正使得在自然灾害发生的地区部署大量传感器变得越来越经济可行。考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为“an area”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词“where”引导，故填where。 C Have you ever found ___1___(you)endlessly scrolling(滚屏)through your social media feeds seeking out the latest depressing news stories? This phenomenon, known as “doom-scrolling,” has become increasingly common in today’s digital age. But this habit is far from ___2___(harm). Psychological research suggests that this use of media could ___3___(potential)be a form of self-sabotage(自我破坏)that, if ___4___(leave)unaddressed, could have serious consequences for our mental well-being. It may be difficult to understand why anyone would engage in behaviors ___5___ only lead to sadness or pain. In the moment, doom-scrolling may feel like ___6___ attempt to arm ourselves with knowledge. We scroll helplessly, armed with the knowledge of every awful thing ___7___(happen)in the world. At the same time, we bear the guilt that there is nothing we can do to stop these events. Doom-scrolling may provide a false sense ___8___ control and safety in an uncertain world. In reality, the habit only___9___(make)the world seem more dangerous and sad than it actually is. When caught in such a cycle of self-sabotage, the most important ___10___(aware)to have is to know when to put your phone down, and when to embrace(欣然接受)good news for a change. 【答案】 1. yourself 2. harmless 3. potentially 4. left 5. that/which 6. an 7. happening 8. of 9. makes 10. awareness 【导语】文章主要介绍“末日刷屏”现象，分析其成因、危害并提醒人们适时放下手机守护心理健康。 1. 考查代词。句意：你是否曾发现自己无休止地刷社交媒体信息流，寻找最新的令人沮丧的新闻故事？本空作动词found的宾语，指代句子主语you自身，需要用反身代词，故填yourself。 2. 考查形容词。句意：但这个习惯绝非无害。本空作表语，表达“无害的”含义，用形容词，故填harmless。 3. 考查副词。句意：心理学研究表明，这种媒体使用方式可能是一种自我破坏行为，如果不加以干预，会对我们的心理健康造成严重影响。本空修饰动词be，作状语，用副词，故填potentially。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学研究表明，这种媒体使用方式可能是一种自我破坏行为，如果不加以干预，会对我们的心理健康造成严重影响。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含“主语+be动词”的结构，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。逻辑主语this use of media和动词leave之间是被动关系，本空用过去分词，故填left。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：我们可能很难理解为什么有人会做出只会带来悲伤或痛苦的行为。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词behaviors，先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，需要用关系代词that/which引导。 6. 考查冠词。句意：当下，“末日刷屏”可能感觉像是一次用知识武装自己的尝试。此处表示泛指“一次尝试”，且attempt以元音音素开头，需要用不定冠词，故填an。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们无助地刷着手机，了解着世界上正在发生的每一件糟糕的事。本空作后置定语，修饰不定代词thing，happen和thing之间是主动关系，且此处强调动作正在进行，需要用现在分词，故填happening。 8. 考查介词。句意：在充满不确定性的世界里，“末日刷屏”可能会给人一种虚假的掌控感和安全感。固定搭配a sense of表示“一种……的感觉”，需要用介词，故填of。 9. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：实际上，这个习惯只会让世界看起来比真实情况更危险、更悲伤。本空作句子的谓语，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the habit是第三人称单数，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，故填makes。 10. 考查名词。句意：当陷入这种自我消耗的循环时，我们最重要的认知就是懂得何时放下手机，换个心情 去接纳好消息。本空在句子中作主语，用名词，故填awareness。 D When we think of great scientists, names like Einstein or Newton often come to mind. However, history is filled with brilliant women ___1___ discoveries have shaped our world — yet their stories are less known. One ___2___(shine)example is Marie Curie, a Polish-born physicist and chemist. She was the first woman and the only person ___3___(win)a Nobel Prize in two ___4___(science)fields: Physics and Chemistry. Her pioneering research on radioactivity not only introduced a new term into science but also led to cancer treatments that save millions of lives today. ___5___ facing harsh criticism because of her gender, she remained dedicated to her work. Another remarkable figure is Tu Youyou, a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist. ___6___(refer)to the ancient Chinese medical books, she designed the experiments and discovered artemisinin, a drug that has dramatically reduced death rates from malaria, one of the ___7___(dead)diseases in human history. She and her team managed to find solutions to ___8___(variety)problems with limited research resources. For this achievement, she ___9___ (award)the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. These women overcame social barriers, lack of funding, and skepticism. They proved that science has no gender ___10___ only curiosity, persistence, and courage. Their stories encourage all students, especially young girls, to pursue careers in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). 【答案】 1. whose 2. shining 3. to win/to have won 4. scientific 5. Despite/When/While/Though/Although 6. Referring /Having referred 7. deadliest/most deadly/deadly 8. various 9. was awarded 10. but 【导语】主要介绍居里夫人与屠呦呦两位杰出女性科学家的科研成就，讲述她们冲破性别偏见、资源匮乏等阻碍取得重大突破，证明科学不分性别，并激励年轻人投身理工科领域。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，历史上有许多杰出女性，她们的发现重塑了我们的世界，可她们的事迹却鲜为人知。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词brilliant women指人，关系词在从句中作名词discoveries的定语，表所属关系，用关系代词whose。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个耀眼的例子便是玛丽·居里，一位出生于波兰的物理学家与化学家。此处非谓语动词作前置定语修饰example，shine与逻辑主语example之间是主动关系，用现在分词shining，意为“耀眼的、出色的”。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位、也是唯一一位在物理与化学两大科学领域均斩获诺贝尔奖的人。名词被the only修饰时，后置定语只能用动词不定式；此处既可表动作发生在主句谓语之后，所以此处为to win；也可强调动作已完成，所以此处为to have won。 4. 考查形容词。句意：她是第一位、也是唯一一位在物理与化学两大科学领域均斩获诺贝尔奖的人。此处修饰名词fields，需要形容词作定语，science对应的形容词scientific，意为“科学的”。 5. 考查连词/介词。句意：尽管因性别遭受严苛非议，她仍全身心投入研究。此处引导让步逻辑，空后为动名词，所以此处可为介词despite；也可为连词when/while/though/although引导省略主语与be动词的让步状语从句，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：参考中国古代医籍，她设计实验并发现了青蒿素，这种药物大幅降低疟疾致死率，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。此处非谓语动词作状语，refer与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，用现在分词referring；也可强调“查阅古籍”发生在设计实验之前，用现在分词的完成式having referred，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 7. 考查形容词最高级。句意：参考中国古代医籍，她设计实验并发现了青蒿素，这种药物大幅降低疟疾致死率，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。固定结构one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，dead对应的形容词deadly意为“致命的”，此处使用其最高级为deadliest，也可用most deadly；deadly作形容词原级也可用于此处语境。 8. 考查形容词。句意：她和团队在科研资源有限的情况下，成功找到各类难题的解决办法。空处修饰名词problems，需用形容词；括号内variety是名词，用其形容词形式，故填various。 9. 考查动词时态与语态。句意：凭借这一成就，她于2015年被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。主语she与award之间是被动关系，时间状语in 2015表过去，使用一般过去时被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was awarded。 10. 考查连词。句意：她们证明科学无关性别，只关乎好奇心、毅力与勇气。前后两个分句为转折对比逻辑，固定结构not...but...，意为“不是……而是……”，用并列连词but。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司/ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $