精品解析：北京汇文中学教育集团2026-2027学年度第一学期高三年级适应性测试(一) 英语

北京汇文中学教育集团2026‑2027学年度第一学期 高三年级适应性测试(一) 英语 本试卷共12页，试卷分值为100分，考试时长90分钟，请考生务必在答题卡上作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 After winning a million euros, a woman mistakenly tossed the lucky lottery ticket into a trash bin. But the local sanitation company in southern Italy ____1____ an hours‑long search through an entire truck of trash. Waste management company SANB administrator Roberto Nicola Toscano told AFP news agency that the ticket was found “miraculously still in one piece”. The story begins with a simple misunderstanding. When the woman went to redeem (兑现) her ticket at the machine inside her local tobacconist, she did so without checking the numbers. It told her that the ticket was “non-payable”. “Funny and almost tragic enough, this can mean one of two things: either there are no winnings on the ticket, or the winnings are too ____2____ to be redeemed by the small shop.” The woman ____3____ the ticket away thinking it was the former case, but a family member noticed the winning numbers were the ones she always ____4____ — associated as they were with a loved one — and called her to ask if she'd bought a ticket. Realizing her mistake, the ____5____ rushed to the shop only to be told that the trash had already been ____6____. They received the woman’s frantic phone call and Toscano began to try and reconstruct the ticket’s ____7____. Believing they’d identified where it might be ____8____, the truck in question was transferred to a special station equipped with safety measures to protect sanitation workers from potentially dangerous material inside the trash. After searching for a whole day, the staff ____9____ the ticket to the woman’s tearful delight. German news outlet DW quoted Toscano as telling Corriere della Sera that “professionalism, organization, and a great deal of luck made the moment happen”, and that the added cost to taxpayers of the search would be covered as an offered courtesy of the lucky winner. It’s a double stroke of luck, and a reminder never to give up searching for your lost _____10_____ . 1. A. launched B. conveyed C. invested D. consulted 2. A. expensive B. complicated C. substantial D. primitive 3. A. released B. gave C. put D. threw 4. A. imagined B. played C. hit D. seized 5. A. couple B. relative C. family D. pair 6. A. taken away B. turned down C. shaved off D. burnt out 7. A. cue B. journey C. imagery D. value 8. A. crushed B. disposed C. hidden D. assigned 9. A. recovered B. returned C. restored D. refreshed 10. A. fits B. footprints C. commitments D. possessions 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tibetan antelopes are very graceful animals, which live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. They were in danger because many of them were hunted illegally for their valuable fur. Their population ____11____ (drop) more than 50 percent between the 1980s and 1990s. In order to save this species from ____12____ (die), the Chinese government placed it under national protection and since then some effective measures ____13____ (take). In June 2021, the Tibetan antelope ____14____ （remove） from the endangered species list thanks to its increasing population. However, the government continues the protection programmes because the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tom Jackson spent his first Spring Festival with his host family. A week before the festival, preparations ____15____ (make). The house was cleaned from top to bottom. Mrs Chen, Tom's host mother, said this was ____16____ (sweep) away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year. She also attached the Chinese character Fu upside down ____17____ the front door to welcome happiness. Tom also learnt that in the past year letting off fireworks was to scare away the monster Nian. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be a big challenge to find and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites. However, big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions. When the Egyptian government suggested ____18____ (build) the Aswan Dam, they ____19____ (face) with various problems, including the risks of destroying an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage. As a result, the government turned to the UN for help in 1959. A committee ____20____ (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. When the project was completed, it was considered a great success. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A SoFi Stadium Events This Month SoFi Stadium is the go-to destination in the heart of Los Angeles for sports fans. Its calendar is always packed with headline-grabbing events. Upcoming Football Events Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9 4:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v New Orleans Saints Sunday, August 10 5:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16 4:00 PM Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24 1:25 PM Nearby Hotels When attending an event at SoFi Stadium, you’re just a short walk or ride from several comfortable and classy hotels. Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool. A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. For those seeking both comfort and convenience, the Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel is just a short drive away. If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. Parking SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. Upon entering the correct zone, parking staff will guide you directly to a space. For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together — spaces cannot be saved. 21. Which team will play the most games at the stadium this month? A. Dallas Cowboys. B. Los Angeles Rams. C. Los Angeles Chargers. D. New Orleans Saints. 22. Which hotel is nearest to the stadium? A. Sonder Lüm Hotel. B. The Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles. C. The H Hotel Los Angeles. D. The Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel. 23. What do you need to do if you want to park at the stadium? A. Call the parking staff. B. Prepay the parking fee. C. Obtain a parking pass. D. Choose a parking zone. B In early 2023, I embarked on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realised I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles-and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 24. How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A. By regular local messengers. B. By sailors stationed on the islands. C. By private postal service on the islands. D. By hand-delivery to the next destination. 25. The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A. was assigned to handle some remote work B. was concerned about the delivery of the letters C. intended to use her air miles before the deadline D. wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 26. Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A. Positive and curious. B. Determined and caring. C. Passionate but serious. D. Brave but introverted. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. New bonds grow out of the traditional practices. B. Letters hold magical power in the modern world. C. Each individual is the architect of their own success. D. Small acts of kindness bring huge emotional rewards. C In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. D Rooted in thermodynamics, entropy (熵) represents the measure of disorder in a system, and local entropy reduction, conversely, signifies the temporary creation of order within a subsystem, while increasing entropy in its surroundings. This concept does not challenge but operates within our fundamental understanding of the universe’s tendency towards global entropy increase, and its implications stretch far beyond the field of physics. In the biological world, living organisms are remarkable examples of systems that actively maintain local entropy reduction as open systems. From the simplest single‑celled organisms to complex human beings, life maintains local order by consuming energy from its environment, while inevitably increasing the total entropy of the system and surroundings. Cells organize molecules into certain structures, organisms grow and develop in a structured manner‑all these processes require the intake of energy, which is then used to create and maintain order while increasing entropy in the surrounding environment. For instance, plants convert (转换) less than 1% of absorbed sunlight through photosynthesis into chemical energy to build complex organic molecules, while most energy is lost as heat, increasing environmental entropy. On a societal level, human societies metaphorically mimic entropy reduction by creating organizational structures through various means, such as laws, institutions, and cultural norms. These elements act as forces that counteract the chaos of individual desires and actions, bringing about a sense of stability and predictability. Education, for example, is a powerful tool for organizing society. It helps individuals structure their thoughts, develop decision‑making abilities, and contribute to the overall order and progress of the community. In technology, the pursuit of order drives innovation. Engineers and scientists constantly seek to create systems that improve energy efficiency, but all man‑made systems ultimately increase global entropy through waste heat and resource consumption. From the development of advanced computer algorithms that can sort and process vast amounts of data to the design of sustainable energy systems that convert low-grade energy into usable forms, each technological advancement represents a step towards greater practical organization, as we transform raw materials and complex information into useful products and meaningful knowledge. However, the concept of local entropy reduction also raises questions. While the creation of order is essential, there are limits to how much local entropy reduction can be achieved. All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. Moreover, the pursuit of local order often comes at a cost. In our efforts to create structure, we may deplete resources, disrupt natural ecosystems, and generate new forms of disorder elsewhere. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Living organisms create order by releasing energy. B. Local entropy reduction follows the universe’s trend. C. New technologies help reduce global entropy increase. D. Creating local order causes greater disorder elsewhere. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards local entropy reduction? A. Sceptical. B. Cautious. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 34. What might be the best title of the passage? A. Order in Biology, Society, and Technology: A Comprehensive Analysis B. The Role of Entropy in Shaping Order: From Physics to Our Daily Life C. Local Order in a Disordered World: Entropy Beyond the Field of Physics D. The Conflict between Local and Global Entropy: A Futuristic Perspective 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____35____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. ____36____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____37____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____38____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____39____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 “What if…?” thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. For example, “I want to ask for a pay raise but what if…?” Your mind then fills in the blank with many alternate scenarios, almost all of them negative. It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. It causes you to suffer through events that may not even happen as you try to predict the future and work out how you’ll cope with all these possible(yet unlikely)scenarios. But the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. You tell yourself that you’re just preparing yourself, you’re protecting yourself. But “what if…” thinking rarely leads to taking practical, preventative actions. Instead, you torture yourself by imagining all sorts of terrible outcomes, all in the name of being “prepared”, the idea of which is captured beautifully by this quote: “Do not be fooled by ‘what if…’ thinking! You are not a fortune teller. Even if you were, mentally rehearsing how you’ll cope with a negative outcome has limited usefulness. You’re much better off just coping with the situation once when it happens.” By torturing yourself imagining all the possible bad things that could happen, you end up living through all these horrible possibilities that you don’t have to. Even if you do get it right, and one of the negative scenarios is the outcome, you’re unlikely to remember your well-rehearsed comeback or safety strategy in the heat of the moment. Another separate problem with “what if…?” thinking is that it makes you so fearful of all these potentially hideous outcomes that it stops you from actually living through the situation, if you can at all avoid it. By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong—because you don’t test them out by entering the situation regardless. Unchallenged like this, “What if…” thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more “helpful” next time around. Once you’ve decided on a course of action, “what if…” has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. Once you’ve made a decision, force your own hand: make the phone call straight away, enroll and pay for the course, make an appointment in your calendar, etc. before your fears and negativity even get a chance to get up off the couch. 40. What is “what if…” thinking? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. “What if…” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Briefly introduce one of your experiences of fighting “what if…” thinking.(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 应用文写作（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim得知你开学即将进入高三，特发来邮件询问你这一年要实现的目标以及为此在暑假做了哪些准备。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 你的目标； 2. 暑假准备。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京汇文中学教育集团2026‑2027学年度第一学期 高三年级适应性测试(一) 英语 本试卷共12页，试卷分值为100分，考试时长90分钟，请考生务必在答题卡上作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 After winning a million euros, a woman mistakenly tossed the lucky lottery ticket into a trash bin. But the local sanitation company in southern Italy ____1____ an hours‑long search through an entire truck of trash. Waste management company SANB administrator Roberto Nicola Toscano told AFP news agency that the ticket was found “miraculously still in one piece”. The story begins with a simple misunderstanding. When the woman went to redeem (兑现) her ticket at the machine inside her local tobacconist, she did so without checking the numbers. It told her that the ticket was “non-payable”. “Funny and almost tragic enough, this can mean one of two things: either there are no winnings on the ticket, or the winnings are too ____2____ to be redeemed by the small shop.” The woman ____3____ the ticket away thinking it was the former case, but a family member noticed the winning numbers were the ones she always ____4____ — associated as they were with a loved one — and called her to ask if she'd bought a ticket. Realizing her mistake, the ____5____ rushed to the shop only to be told that the trash had already been ____6____. They received the woman’s frantic phone call and Toscano began to try and reconstruct the ticket’s ____7____. Believing they’d identified where it might be ____8____, the truck in question was transferred to a special station equipped with safety measures to protect sanitation workers from potentially dangerous material inside the trash. After searching for a whole day, the staff ____9____ the ticket to the woman’s tearful delight. German news outlet DW quoted Toscano as telling Corriere della Sera that “professionalism, organization, and a great deal of luck made the moment happen”, and that the added cost to taxpayers of the search would be covered as an offered courtesy of the lucky winner. It’s a double stroke of luck, and a reminder never to give up searching for your lost _____10_____ . 1. A. launched B. conveyed C. invested D. consulted 2. A. expensive B. complicated C. substantial D. primitive 3. A. released B. gave C. put D. threw 4. A. imagined B. played C. hit D. seized 5. A. couple B. relative C. family D. pair 6. A. taken away B. turned down C. shaved off D. burnt out 7. A. cue B. journey C. imagery D. value 8. A. crushed B. disposed C. hidden D. assigned 9. A. recovered B. returned C. restored D. refreshed 10. A. fits B. footprints C. commitments D. possessions 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了意大利一名女子误将中奖百万欧元的彩票丢进垃圾桶，环卫公司开展长时间搜寻，最终帮她找回彩票的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：但意大利南部当地环卫公司对整卡车垃圾发起了长达数小时的搜寻。A. launched发起；B. conveyed传达；C. invested投资；D. consulted咨询。根据上文“a woman mistakenly tossed the lucky lottery ticket into a trash bin”可知，女子误将彩票丢进垃圾桶，环卫公司因此发起搜寻行动。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这有两种可能：要么彩票没有中奖，要么奖金数额太大，这家小店无法兑付。A. expensive昂贵的；B. complicated复杂的；C. substantial大量的、可观的；D. primitive原始的。根据文章第一句“After winning a million euros”可知，奖金高达一百万欧元，数额巨大，小店没有能力兑付。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：这名女子以为属于第一种情况，就把彩票扔掉了，但一位家人发现中奖号码正是她一直买的号码，这些号码和一位亲人有关，于是打电话问她有没有买彩票。A. released释放；B. gave给；C. put放；D. threw扔。根据上文第一段“a woman mistakenly tossed the lucky lottery ticket into a trash bin”可知，toss与throw同义，女子把彩票丢进了垃圾桶。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：同上。A. imagined想象；B. played下注、投注；C. hit击中；D. seized抓住。根据下文“associated as they were with a loved one”可知，这些是她长期购买的、与亲人相关的号码。play numbers为固定搭配，意为 “选号买彩票”。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：意识到自己的失误，这两人急忙赶到商店，却被告知垃圾已经被运走。A. couple夫妇；B. relative亲戚；C. family家人；D. pair两人、一对。根据上文“a family member noticed the winning numbers were the ones she always — associated as they were with a loved one — and called her to ask if she'd bought a ticket”可知，是女子本人和这位家人两人一同赶往商店。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：意识到自己的失误，这两人急忙赶到商店，却被告知垃圾已经被运走。A. taken away运走；B. turned down拒绝；C. shaved off剃掉；D. burnt out烧尽。根据下文“the truck in question was transferred to a special station equipped with safety measures to protect sanitation workers from potentially dangerous material inside the trash.”可知，垃圾已经被装上卡车运走，需要追踪卡车才能找回彩票。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们接到女子焦急的电话，Toscano开始还原这张彩票的行程轨迹。A. cue提示；B. journey旅程、路径；C. imagery意象；D. value价值。根据上文“Realizing her mistake, the rushed to the shop only to be told that the trash had already been ”和“They received the woman’s frantic phone call and Toscano began to try and reconstruct the ticket’s”可知，工作人员需要梳理彩票从被丢弃、进入垃圾桶再到装上垃圾车的完整流转过程。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：在确认彩票可能藏在何处后，涉事卡车被转移到一个配有安全防护设施的专用站点。A. crushed压碎；B. disposed处理；C. hidden藏在；D. assigned分配。根据下文“the truck in question was transferred to a special station equipped with safety measures to protect sanitation workers from potentially dangerous material inside the trash.”可知，工作人员判断彩票藏在这辆垃圾车的某处。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：经过一整天搜寻，工作人员找回了彩票，女子喜极而泣。A. recovered找回、寻回；B. returned归还；C. restored恢复；D. refreshed更新。根据上文（第二段）“the ticket was found “miraculously still in one piece””和下文“to the woman’s tearful delight”可知，工作人员成功从垃圾中寻回了彩票。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是双重幸运，也提醒我们永远不要放弃寻找丢失的财物。A. fits合身；B. footprints脚印；C. commitments承诺；D. possessions财物、所有物。根据上文（第一段）“After winning a million euros, a woman mistakenly tossed the lucky lottery ticket into a trash bin.”和前文“It’s a double stroke of luck, and a reminder never to give up searching”可知，中奖彩票属于个人贵重财物。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tibetan antelopes are very graceful animals, which live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. They were in danger because many of them were hunted illegally for their valuable fur. Their population ____11____ (drop) more than 50 percent between the 1980s and 1990s. In order to save this species from ____12____ (die), the Chinese government placed it under national protection and since then some effective measures ____13____ (take). In June 2021, the Tibetan antelope ____14____ （remove） from the endangered species list thanks to its increasing population. However, the government continues the protection programmes because the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. 【答案】11. dropped 12. dying 13. have been taken 14. was removed 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了藏羚羊曾遭非法捕猎数量锐减，我国采取保护措施使其脱离濒危物种名录，但相关保护工作仍在持续开展。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在20世纪80年代到90年代之间，它们的数量下降了50%以上。时间状语between the 1980s and 1990s 为过去时间段，句子使用一般过去时，drop 的过去式为 dropped。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了拯救这一物种免于灭绝，中国政府将其列入国家保护动物行列，从那以后，一些有效的措施已经被采取。介词from后接动名词作宾语，die变动名词dying。 【13题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：同上。since then是现在完成时的标志词；measures和take之间为被动关系，主语为复数，故用have been taken。 【14题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：2021年6月，由于数量不断增长，藏羚羊从濒危物种名录中移除。时间In June 2021为过去时间，主语the Tibetan antelope与remove之间是被动关系，单数主语搭配was removed。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Tom Jackson spent his first Spring Festival with his host family. A week before the festival, preparations ____15____ (make). The house was cleaned from top to bottom. Mrs Chen, Tom's host mother, said this was ____16____ (sweep) away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year. She also attached the Chinese character Fu upside down ____17____ the front door to welcome happiness. Tom also learnt that in the past year letting off fireworks was to scare away the monster Nian. 【答案】15. were made 16. to sweep 17. to 【解析】 【导语】本文以Tom Jackson和寄宿家庭共度第一个春节为线索，介绍春节前打扫房屋、倒贴福字、燃放烟花等传统习俗。 【15题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：春节前一周，各项准备工作都已开展。主语preparations与make之间是被动关系；后文was为一般过去时，主语为复数，一般过去时被动语态用were made。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Tom的寄宿妈妈陈夫人说，这是为扫去旧岁尘埃，迎接新年。此处用不定式作表语，用来解释做这件事的目的。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：她还把汉字“福”倒着贴在前门，寓意迎接福气。固定搭配attach…to…，表示“把……贴到……上”，to为介词。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be a big challenge to find and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites. However, big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions. When the Egyptian government suggested ____18____ (build) the Aswan Dam, they ____19____ (face) with various problems, including the risks of destroying an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage. As a result, the government turned to the UN for help in 1959. A committee ____20____ (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. When the project was completed, it was considered a great success. 【答案】18. building 19. were faced 20. was established 【解析】 【导语】本文以埃及阿斯旺大坝修建项目为线索，讲述在工程建设与文化遗址保护之间寻找平衡，联合国成立专门委员会，成功保护埃及文物古迹的故事。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当埃及政府提议修建阿斯旺大坝时，他们面临各种各样的问题，包括埃及重要文化遗产遭到破坏的风险。固定搭配suggest doing sth.，意为“提议做某事”，后面接动名词building作宾语。 【19题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：当埃及政府提议修建阿斯旺大坝时，他们面临各种各样的问题，包括埃及重要文化遗产遭到破坏的风险。固定短语be faced with 表示“面临”，全文为一般过去时，主语they为复数，用were faced。 【20题详解】 考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：一个委员会被设立，用来降低埃及建筑受损程度，防止文物遗失。事情发生在1959年，主语A committee和establish之间是被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，单数主语搭配was established。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A SoFi Stadium Events This Month SoFi Stadium is the go-to destination in the heart of Los Angeles for sports fans. Its calendar is always packed with headline-grabbing events. Upcoming Football Events Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9 4:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v New Orleans Saints Sunday, August 10 5:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16 4:00 PM Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24 1:25 PM Nearby Hotels When attending an event at SoFi Stadium, you’re just a short walk or ride from several comfortable and classy hotels. Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool. A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. For those seeking both comfort and convenience, the Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel is just a short drive away. If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. Parking SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. Upon entering the correct zone, parking staff will guide you directly to a space. For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together — spaces cannot be saved. 21. Which team will play the most games at the stadium this month? A. Dallas Cowboys. B. Los Angeles Rams. C. Los Angeles Chargers. D. New Orleans Saints. 22. Which hotel is nearest to the stadium? A. Sonder Lüm Hotel. B. The Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles. C. The H Hotel Los Angeles. D. The Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel. 23. What do you need to do if you want to park at the stadium? A. Call the parking staff. B. Prepay the parking fee. C. Obtain a parking pass. D. Choose a parking zone. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍索菲体育场本月足球赛事安排、周边配套酒店以及入场停车的各项具体规则要求。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Upcoming Football Events表格中的“Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9 4:00 PM；Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16 4:00 PM；Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24 1:25 PM (洛杉矶公羊队对阵达拉斯牛仔队，8月9日周六下午4点；洛杉矶闪电队对阵洛杉矶公羊队，8月16日周六下午4点；洛杉矶公羊队对阵休斯顿德州人队，8月24日周日下午1点25分)”可知，洛杉矶公羊队一共有三场比赛，参赛场次最多。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Nearby Hotels部分中的“Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool.(就在马路对面，桑德吕姆酒店配有宽敞客房和屋顶泳池。)”可知，该酒店就在体育场街对面，距离最近。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Parking部分中的“SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass.(索菲体育场要求车辆必须停在指定区域，访客必须凭借彩色数字停车券上标注的对应大门入场。)”以及“Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival.(抵达前务必将停车券下载到手机中。)”可知，想要在体育场停车必须提前获取停车券。 B In early 2023, I embarked on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realised I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles-and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 24. How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A. By regular local messengers. B. By sailors stationed on the islands. C. By private postal service on the islands. D. By hand-delivery to the next destination. 25. The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A. was assigned to handle some remote work B. was concerned about the delivery of the letters C. intended to use her air miles before the deadline D. wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 26. Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A. Positive and curious. B. Determined and caring. C. Passionate but serious. D. Brave but introverted. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. New bonds grow out of the traditional practices. B. Letters hold magical power in the modern world. C. Each individual is the architect of their own success. D. Small acts of kindness bring huge emotional rewards. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了2023年初作者在加拉帕戈斯群岛发现传统邮桶后，返岛选了55封信件，计划一年递送至多地，过程有波折也有温暖，最终完成挑战并收获挚友。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. (1793年，水手们首次使用这种方式来寄信回家：他们会留下一封信，然后把所有写给他们下一站停靠港口的信件拿在手里亲手送达。)”可知，18世纪邮局湾的邮件通过“亲手递送到下一个目的地”的方式传递，故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? (几周之后，我再也无法停止思考那些信件的事。于是我想，如果我花一年的时间去投递那个邮筒里更多的信件，那会怎么样呢？)”以及第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选出了55封信件和明信片，这些信件和明信片涵盖了广阔的地理区域。)”可知，作者决定返回加拉帕戈斯群岛，因为她担心信件的寄送问题。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。)”可知，作者每周寄出一封信，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲，说明其坚定；根据倒数第二段“My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. (我最喜欢的信件是第八封，来自墨西哥城的一位女儿寄给母亲的信，信中女儿感谢母亲允许她追寻自己的梦想。母亲当时身体非常虚弱，而女儿本想结束旅行回家照顾母亲，但她坚持让女儿继续旅行。我至今仍与她们两人保持着联系。)”可知，作者用心递送每一封信（如墨西哥城女儿写给母亲的感谢信）、与收信人保持联系，说明其体贴。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段By March 2024，I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area.I aimed to deliver one a week，covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents.（到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。）以及最后一段I've made friends for life.（我结交了终生的朋友。）以及全文核心可知这篇文章讲述了作者2023年在加拉帕戈斯群岛弗洛雷阿纳岛发现一个传统邮筒（邮局湾邮箱）的经历。受此启发，作者决定用一年时间周游世界，亲手递送从邮筒中取出的55封信件和明信片，并与收件人建立了深厚友谊。说明新的联系从传统实践中产生。故选A。 C In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 D Rooted in thermodynamics, entropy (熵) represents the measure of disorder in a system, and local entropy reduction, conversely, signifies the temporary creation of order within a subsystem, while increasing entropy in its surroundings. This concept does not challenge but operates within our fundamental understanding of the universe’s tendency towards global entropy increase, and its implications stretch far beyond the field of physics. In the biological world, living organisms are remarkable examples of systems that actively maintain local entropy reduction as open systems. From the simplest single‑celled organisms to complex human beings, life maintains local order by consuming energy from its environment, while inevitably increasing the total entropy of the system and surroundings. Cells organize molecules into certain structures, organisms grow and develop in a structured manner‑all these processes require the intake of energy, which is then used to create and maintain order while increasing entropy in the surrounding environment. For instance, plants convert (转换) less than 1% of absorbed sunlight through photosynthesis into chemical energy to build complex organic molecules, while most energy is lost as heat, increasing environmental entropy. On a societal level, human societies metaphorically mimic entropy reduction by creating organizational structures through various means, such as laws, institutions, and cultural norms. These elements act as forces that counteract the chaos of individual desires and actions, bringing about a sense of stability and predictability. Education, for example, is a powerful tool for organizing society. It helps individuals structure their thoughts, develop decision‑making abilities, and contribute to the overall order and progress of the community. In technology, the pursuit of order drives innovation. Engineers and scientists constantly seek to create systems that improve energy efficiency, but all man‑made systems ultimately increase global entropy through waste heat and resource consumption. From the development of advanced computer algorithms that can sort and process vast amounts of data to the design of sustainable energy systems that convert low-grade energy into usable forms, each technological advancement represents a step towards greater practical organization, as we transform raw materials and complex information into useful products and meaningful knowledge. However, the concept of local entropy reduction also raises questions. While the creation of order is essential, there are limits to how much local entropy reduction can be achieved. All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. Moreover, the pursuit of local order often comes at a cost. In our efforts to create structure, we may deplete resources, disrupt natural ecosystems, and generate new forms of disorder elsewhere. 32. What can we learn from the passage? A. Living organisms create order by releasing energy. B. Local entropy reduction follows the universe’s trend. C. New technologies help reduce global entropy increase. D. Creating local order causes greater disorder elsewhere. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards local entropy reduction? A. Sceptical. B. Cautious. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 34. What might be the best title of the passage? A. Order in Biology, Society, and Technology: A Comprehensive Analysis B. The Role of Entropy in Shaping Order: From Physics to Our Daily Life C. Local Order in a Disordered World: Entropy Beyond the Field of Physics D. The Conflict between Local and Global Entropy: A Futuristic Perspective 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍局部熵减可在子系统内暂时形成秩序，但会增加周围环境的熵，该物理概念同样适用于生物、社会与技术领域，同时局部建立秩序存在相应代价与局限。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere, as required by the second law of thermodynamics.(根据热力学第二定律，所有局部秩序的建立，都必须以其他地方产生更大的无序作为代价)”可知，创造局部秩序会在别处造成更大的无序。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the concept of local entropy reduction also raises questions. While the creation of order is essential, there are limits to how much local entropy reduction can be achieved. All local order must be paid for by greater disorder elsewhere...Moreover, the pursuit of local order often comes at a cost.(然而，局部熵减这一概念也带来一些问题。尽管秩序的建立至关重要，但局部熵减能够实现的程度存在限度。所有局部秩序都要以别处更大的无序为代价……此外，追求局部秩序往往需要付出代价)”可知，作者看待局部熵减持谨慎的态度。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Rooted in thermodynamics, entropy (熵) represents the measure of disorder in a system, and local entropy reduction, conversely, signifies the temporary creation of order within a subsystem, while increasing entropy in its surroundings. This concept does not challenge but operates within our fundamental understanding of the universe’s tendency towards global entropy increase, and its implications stretch far beyond the field of physics.(熵源于热力学，它衡量的是一个系统中的无序程度。相反，局部熵的减少则意味着在一个子系统内暂时形成了有序状态，同时其周围环境的熵则会增加。这一概念并未挑战我们对宇宙趋向整体熵增加这一基本理解，而是在这一框架内发挥作用，并且其影响远远超出了物理学领域)”并通读全文可知，文章介绍熵的基本定义，阐释在无序的世界中局部秩序的形成，并且将熵的概念拓展到物理学之外的生物、社会、技术领域，因此最佳标题为C“无序世界中的有序性：超越物理学领域的熵”。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____35____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. ____36____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____37____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____38____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____39____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 【答案】35. B 36. D 37. C 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。 【36题详解】 根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。 【37题详解】 根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。 【39题详解】 根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 “What if…?” thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. For example, “I want to ask for a pay raise but what if…?” Your mind then fills in the blank with many alternate scenarios, almost all of them negative. It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. It causes you to suffer through events that may not even happen as you try to predict the future and work out how you’ll cope with all these possible(yet unlikely)scenarios. But the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. You tell yourself that you’re just preparing yourself, you’re protecting yourself. But “what if…” thinking rarely leads to taking practical, preventative actions. Instead, you torture yourself by imagining all sorts of terrible outcomes, all in the name of being “prepared”, the idea of which is captured beautifully by this quote: “Do not be fooled by ‘what if…’ thinking! You are not a fortune teller. Even if you were, mentally rehearsing how you’ll cope with a negative outcome has limited usefulness. You’re much better off just coping with the situation once when it happens.” By torturing yourself imagining all the possible bad things that could happen, you end up living through all these horrible possibilities that you don’t have to. Even if you do get it right, and one of the negative scenarios is the outcome, you’re unlikely to remember your well-rehearsed comeback or safety strategy in the heat of the moment. Another separate problem with “what if…?” thinking is that it makes you so fearful of all these potentially hideous outcomes that it stops you from actually living through the situation, if you can at all avoid it. By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong—because you don’t test them out by entering the situation regardless. Unchallenged like this, “What if…” thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more “helpful” next time around. Once you’ve decided on a course of action, “what if…” has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. Once you’ve made a decision, force your own hand: make the phone call straight away, enroll and pay for the course, make an appointment in your calendar, etc. before your fears and negativity even get a chance to get up off the couch. 40. What is “what if…” thinking? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. “What if…” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Briefly introduce one of your experiences of fighting “what if…” thinking.(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. “What if...?”thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. 41. The absolute worst thing about “what if…”thinking is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. 42. “What if...” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong. According to the passage, “What if...” thinking cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong is not protecting one, instead it stops one from taking action. 43. I recently decided to play tennis, but disturbing thoughts occurred immediately-what if I couldn’t follow the pace; what if I had no sense of it? However, I forced my own hands to take up the racket and got to the court with my friends. To my great delight and surprise, I got the chance to see my predictions were wrong. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一 篇说明文。说明了“如果……怎么办?”这种想法产生的原因及其带来的负面影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段““What if…?” thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. (“如果……怎么样”的想法是随时你试图猜测你所采取的行动的未来结果)”和第二段的“It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic.(它是一种强大的结合，专注于消极和不现实。)”可知“what if…？”thinking的含义是随时你试图猜测你所采取的行动的未来结果，是一种强大的结合，专注于消极和不现实。故答案为：“What if...?”thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. It’s a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But the absolute worst thing about “what if…” thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. (但是，“如果……怎么样？”的想法最糟糕的是，它试图让你相信它是有帮助的。)”可知关于“如果……怎么样？”的想法最糟糕的事情是它试图说服你这样做是有帮助的。故答案为：The absolute worst thing about “what if…”thinking is that it tries to convince you it’s helping. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong —because you don’t test them out by entering the situation regardless. (通过阻止自己采取行动，你不仅切断了实际要求的潜在好处，而且还切断了看到你的预测是错误的机会——因为你没有通过不顾一切地进入情境来测试它们。)和“‘What if…’thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more ‘helpful’ next time around. Once you’ve decided on a course of action,‘What if…’thinking has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. (“如果……怎么样”的想法似乎实际上是在保护你，而且下次似乎更有“帮助”。一旦你决定采取行动，“如果……怎么样”的声音就会越来越大，很快就会阻止你采取行动。我不想给他们机会。)可知“如果……怎么样”并不能真正保护一个人且不是真的有帮助的。故答案为：“What if...” thinking actually protects one because it cuts off the opportunity to see that one’s predictions were wrong. According to the passage, “What if...” thinking will stop you from taking action, cut off the potential benefits of actually asking and cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong. 【43题详解】 开放回答题。答案不唯一，表述合理即可。答案可为：I recently decided to play tennis, but disturbing thoughts occurred immediately-what if I couldn’t follow the pace; what if I had no sense of it? However, I forced my own hands to take up the racket and got to the court with my friends. To my great delight and surprise, I got the chance to see my predictions were wrong. 第二节 应用文写作（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim得知你开学即将进入高三，特发来邮件询问你这一年要实现的目标以及为此在暑假做了哪些准备。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 你的目标； 2. 暑假准备。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thank you for your email. As I’m about to enter Senior Three, my main goal is to make steady progress in all subjects, especially English reading and writing, so that I can get admitted to my ideal university. During the summer vacation, I made a detailed study plan and went over key knowledge points of each subject. Besides memorizing English vocabulary, I read authentic English articles to broaden my mind. I also kept regular exercise to keep energetic. I believe with continuous hard work and a positive attitude, I can achieve my goal. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一封邮件，回复外国好友 Jim，介绍自己高三的目标以及暑假为此所做的准备。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 目标：goal→target 详细的：detailed→specific 复习：go over→review 持续的：continuous→constant 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：As I’m about to enter Senior Three, my main goal is to make steady progress in all subjects, especially English reading and writing, so that I can get admitted to my ideal university. 拓展句：My main goal is to make steady progress in all subjects, especially English reading and writing, which will help me get admitted to my ideal university as I step into Senior Three. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As I’m about to enter Senior Three, my main goal is to make steady progress in all subjects, especially English reading and writing, so that I can get admitted to my ideal university. (运用了as引导时间状语从句，so that引导目的状语从句) 【高分句型2】I believe with continuous hard work and a positive attitude, I can achieve my goal. (省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $