Workbook教材美文提取与词汇派生语法填空训练-2026-2027学年高二上学期期中复习人教版选择性必修第一册

人教版选择性必修一workbook教材 美文提取与词汇派生语法填空训练 10 篇文章清单 · 文章原文 · 60 句单句语法填空（词汇派生）· 答案与解析 第一部分　文章清单 以下 10 篇文章均提取自上传的教材扫描件（Reading and Writing / Expanding Your World 板块），覆盖人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。 序号 文章标题 教材板块/单元 体裁 主题语境 词数 内容概要 1 Heroes in Your Eyes Workbook · Reading and Writing Unit 1 People of Achievement 征稿短文（记叙＋夹叙夹议，3篇） 人与社会 · 杰出人物 455 三则读者来稿，分别讲述科学家黄大年、海岛支教教师与收银员母亲三位"身边的英雄"，阐明平凡岗位上的不凡贡献。 2 Three Days to See (Adapted) Helen Keller Expanding Your World Unit 1 People of Achievement 经典散文（自传体随笔） 人与自我 · 生命感悟 760 海伦·凯勒经典散文：假设每个健全人都能失明失聪几天，进而畅想"假如给我三天光明"将如何度过，启迪人们珍惜感官、热爱生活。 3 Cloning: Where Is It Leading Us? Workbook · Reading and Writing Unit 2 Looking into the Future 科普说明文（议辩性说明） 人与社会 · 科技与伦理 521 从克隆猴"中中""华华"问世谈起，介绍克隆的原理、两大用途及克隆羊"多莉"的诞生过程，并探讨克隆技术未来的应用前景与伦理争议。 4 Our Greatest Adventure Expanding Your World Unit 2 Looking into the Future 科普说明文（未来展望） 人与社会 · 科技发展 692 回顾20世纪"未来学家"预言的失误，进而依据当今科技展望未来：智能服装与隐形眼镜、虚拟现实、脑机接口、机器人义肢与人机融合等图景。 5 Why Chris Went to Shangri-La （一封电子邮件） Workbook · Reading and Writing Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 应用文 · 旅行记叙（电子邮件） 人与自然 · 旅行与自然 477 Chris以电子邮件向姐姐讲述梦想之地香格里拉之行：普达措国家公园的秋色、属都湖与碧塔海的风光，并预告虎跳峡徒步，感受亲近自然的治愈力。 6 National Parks — A Treasure House for Future Generations Workbook · Expanding Your World Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 说明文（主题型说明） 人与自然 · 自然保护 791 以黄石、塞伦盖蒂、大堡礁、三江源四例，介绍国家公园的缘起、保护自然与野生动物的功能，以及全球变暖等挑战和"为子孙后代守护宝藏"的意义。 7 Animal Body Language Expanding Your World Unit 4 Body Language 科普说明文（分类说明） 人与自然 · 动物与人类 413 动物也用"肢体语言"交流：文章分述狗、大象、海豚如何用声音、动作和尾巴传递快乐、恐惧、愤怒与友善，提醒人们读懂并善待动物。 8 Being Funny Without Saying a Word Expanding Your World Unit 4 Body Language 人物传记（记叙） 人与社会 · 文学与艺术 543 讲述喜剧大师卓别林从贫苦童年到走红影坛的经历，剖析"小流浪汉"形象与《寻子遇仙记》《淘金记》等作品，诠释无言幽默背后的悲悯与力量。 9 Better, Greener Lives Away from the City Workbook · Reading and Writing Unit 5 Working the Land 新闻报道（人物特写＋观点） 人与社会 · 职业选择与乡村振兴 410 越来越多大学毕业生选择留在家乡绿色发展：以返乡创业的李丹为例，报道其水果种植＋农旅融合的成功，以及政府扶持与青年的乡土情怀。 10 Amazing Methods of Agriculture Workbook · Expanding Your World Unit 5 Working the Land 科普说明文（发明史说明） 人与自然 · 农业与科技 772 农业从"靠天吃饭"走向科技赋能：介绍滴灌技术的偶然发现、无土栽培（水培）与垂直农场，以及自动驾驶农机、采摘机器人等农业黑科技。 第二部分　文章原文 01　Heroes in Your Eyes Workbook · Reading and Writing　|　Unit 1 People of Achievement　|　征稿短文（记叙＋夹叙夹议，3篇）　|　约 455 词 [导语] Everyone knows the people who have helped to change the face of the world in recent years. From Bill Gates to Steve Jobs to Jack Ma, few would not recognise their names. However, those who work tirelessly behind the scenes often go unnoticed, in spite of their great achievements. If you know anyone who deserves to have their contributions recognised, we would love to hear from you! Let us know how these people have helped to make a difference in your eyes. The person I respect most is the geophysicist Huang Danian, who helped China to make many technological advances. Huang was a remarkable scientist. He had studied and worked in Britain for 18 years, but when he felt that his country needed him, he gave up his well-paid job and returned to China. Over the next seven years, Huang worked to develop many devices needed for deep-Earth exploration. Unfortunately, such achievements didn’t come cheap. Due to the frantic pace of his research, Huang was absent from his father’s funeral, and even his own cancer went undetected as he had no time to see a doctor. To sum up, Huang sacrificed everything for his research, and I think more people should honour him. (Zhang Keyu, Hubei) I want to tell everyone about two teachers on Changyu Island, Wang Kaiquan and Lin Zhujin. Few people know about this hometown of mine. The island is beautiful, but it’s quite isolated, and there aren’t many modern conveniences. In bad weather, even our water and power supplies are unstable. People who have never been to our island are often surprised by this and find it hard to adapt. Many who live on the island dream of leaving. These two primary school teachers, however, have stayed on for 23 long years! They are the only teachers here, and they plan to stay for as long as there are children who need to attend school. I want to thank them, and let the world know about these teachers who work tirelessly every day for the sake of the children. (Chen Xueyin, Fujian) My mother, Liu Shurong, is my greatest inspiration. She is 47 years old and works as a cashier at a neighbourhood supermarket. I used to think her job was pretty easy, but now that I am older, I realise that my mother deserves respect for doing an amazing job all these years. She works long hours every day for the sake of our family, and she still finds the time to help with household chores and spend time with me. My mother takes pride in her work. She faces customers with a smile and works hard even when she is tired. Because of her, I have learnt to stay positive even when times are hard. (Luo Tengfei, Jilin) 02　Three Days to See (Adapted)　—— Helen Keller Expanding Your World　|　Unit 1 People of Achievement　|　经典散文（自传体随笔）　|　约 760 词 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I asked a friend, who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, what she had observed. "Nothing in particular," she replied. How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say for just three days. On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and companionship have made my life worth living. I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that "window of the soul", the eye. I can only "see" through my fingertips the outline of a face. I can detect laughter, sorrow, and many other obvious emotions. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. For instance, can you describe accurately the faces of five different friends? As an experiment, I have questioned husbands about the colour of their wives’ eyes, and often they express embarrassed confusion and admit that they do not know. I should like to see the books which have been read to me, and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life. In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature. And I should pray for the glory of a colourful sunset. That night, I should not be able to sleep. On my second day, I should like to see the pageant of man’s progress, and I should go to the museums. I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art. The things I knew through touch I should now see. The evening of my second day I should spend at a theatre or at the movies. The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. Today, this third day, I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life. At midnight permanent night would close on me again. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realise how much I had left unseen. I am sure that if you faced the fate of blindness you would use your eyes as never before. Everything you saw would become dear to you. Your eyes would touch and embrace every object that came within your range of vision. Then, at last, you would really see, and a new world of beauty would open itself before you. I who am blind can give one hint to those who see. Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can be applied to the other senses. Hear the music of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of an orchestra, as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. Smell the perfume of flowers, taste with relish each morsel, as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again. Make the most of every sense; glory in all the facets of pleasure and beauty, which the world reveals to you through the several means of contact which Nature provides. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful. 03　Cloning: Where Is It Leading Us? Workbook · Reading and Writing　|　Unit 2 Looking into the Future　|　科普说明文（议辩性说明）　|　约 521 词 When it was announced in 2018 that the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai had created the world’s first cloned monkeys, Zhongzhong and Huahua, heated discussions followed online. In fact, cloning has always been with us. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when identical twins are produced from the same egg. These are both examples of natural clones. Cloning has two major uses. First, gardeners use it to produce large quantities of plants for sale. Second, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is fairly straightforward, while cloning animals is much more complicated and difficult. Over the years, many scientists failed in their attempts to clone animals, but their determination and patience paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The sheep cloning procedure works like this: • Female sheep A provides an egg cell. • The nucleus is removed from the egg cell. • The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus. • Female sheep B provides a somatic cell (体细胞) for the clone. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. • The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell. • The somatic cell nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined. The cell divides and grows into an embryo (胚胎). • The embryo is put into female sheep C, who becomes the carrier of the clone. • The lamb which is born is the clone of sheep B. It is in every way identical to sheep B, but younger. With the advances of scientific research, cloning will have several major uses in the future. For one thing, it could be used to breed animal species which are endangered, or even bring back species which are now extinct. For another, it could be used to grow human organs for transplant in animals, which could be used for human organ transplants or medical treatments. Finally, cloning could be used to breed animals that will provide us with higher quality meat, milk, or eggs. While there are technical issues that need to be worked through to make widespread cloning possible, the biggest concerns are moral. For example, if scientists brought an extinct animal back into existence, it would probably end up living in a zoo. That is not very good for the animal. Even worse for the animal is using it as a source of organ transplants — because it will be injured or even die. In addition, many people worry that eating animal products that result from cloning might be harmful to our health over time. The possibility of using cloning to produce human beings is an even bigger concern. What would happen if such knowledge ended up in the wrong hands? When it comes to cloning, we wonder, ultimately, whether cloning will help or harm the world. No doubt, we will be talking about this question for a long time to come. 04　Our Greatest Adventure Expanding Your World　|　Unit 2 Looking into the Future　|　科普说明文（未来展望）　|　约 692 词 In the 1960s and 1970s, some writers and university professors called themselves "futurists". These futurists tried to predict the future. Only a few of their predictions were right, and all of them missed something that was just around the corner: the revolution in computers and information technology. The problem was that none of these futurists were scientists or engineers. So, while they knew the future would have more powerful computers, they had no clue what these computers would look like, what they could do, or what impact they would have on our lives. This should make us hesitate before we try to predict the future. Having said that, we can make some good guesses about future technology by looking at current scientific and technological advances. We can also ask the real experts: the scientists and engineers who are bringing us these advances. According to experts, in the future computers will be so common that we may no longer even notice them. Forget smartphones and smart watches — we will have smart clothes that adjust to the weather and our body temperature, and change size to fit our body shape. We will also have smart contact lenses. Using these smart contact lenses, we can access the information and power of computers in a way that far exceeds anything currently possible. Because so much of our daily life will be integrated with computers, virtual reality will become an actual, real reality for many of us. Technology will not just allow us to see a world that is thousands of kilometres away — or which only exists in a computer — but will also allow us to touch and smell this virtual world as if it were real, if not more real than the world around us. Within our own home, you will be able to take trips to foreign countries, or even have a medical exam by a doctor in another city. Speaking of medicine, through new technology, people who have visual or spinal injuries will be able to find new hope. There is already, for example, technology which will allow blind people to see using cameras and deaf people to hear using microphones that are connected to the brain. Future technology will allow people to overcome all sorts of physical disabilities. Much research is being done to unlock the human mind. Using technology that is being developed now, people in the future may be able to not just read someone else’s mind, but also record their thoughts like one would record a movie. Some other research involves using robotic technology to replace human functions. For example, robot hands are being developed for people who have no hands. These artificial hands are connected to a person’s nerves so that the person’s brain tells the hands what to do. In the future they will work just as well as real human hands. Indeed, they may even be better. Not only can they be made stronger and faster than human hands, but also sturdier so they will not break or get injured as easily. As a result of such advances, in the future, some people who are badly injured may become more robot than human. That is, their brains will control their robotic body parts so they can live their lives fully without being handicapped. Many new parts will be made to replace human body parts that break down, meaning it may be possible to use this technology to extend our lives long past the time of normal death by old age. These are just a few of the things that are already being explored in science and technology. There will also be advances in transportation and space travel. Of course, there is a lot that we still do not know about the future. Science and technology may provide a road map for the future, but they cannot tell us what we will find along the way. But if we knew everything about the future, then where would the mystery and excitement be? We should all eagerly view the future as a great adventure — a new world waiting to be explored. Who knows exactly what we will find? 05　Why Chris Went to Shangri-La　—— （一封电子邮件） Workbook · Reading and Writing　|　Unit 3 Fascinating Parks　|　应用文 · 旅行记叙（电子邮件）　|　约 477 词 Dear Sis, How have you been? I’m having a good time on my holiday. Do you remember how it was our dream to go to Shangri-La some day? You know that place in James Hilton’s Lost Horizon. Well, now I can finally say that I have been there! Before you get too excited, I must admit that this Shangri-La is the name of a city in Yunnan, China, and not the place in the book! I decided to come here because I wanted to experience the real Shangri-La for myself, even if it’s different from the paradise we read about. So far, I really like it here. On Monday, I left Lhasa at noon, and after changing flights once, I reached Shangri-La, also called "Zhongdian" — at eight in the evening. The airport is not far from the city, so my taxi ride to the hotel was very short. That night, I was so exhausted that I had a quick bite to eat and then crashed. Yesterday, I went to the Potatso National Park. The park covers such a wide area that the admission ticket for the park includes a bus tour, as it is the only way to see all the major sites in one day. Just to give you an idea of how large the place is, imagine a park that spans across vast forests, wetlands, lakes, meadows, and several villages! On the bus, I made friends with the passengers around me, and they said that I had definitely picked the right season to visit the park. The autumn scenery, they said, would be absolutely picture-perfect. On top of its beautiful scenery, the park is also famous for its rich biological diversity. Did you know that Potatso makes up less than one percent of China’s total land area, but it contains more than 20 percent of the country’s plant and animal species? The black-necked cranes were my favourites. I saw two of them at the picturesque Bita Lake! At Shudu Lake, the first stop on the bus tour, we saw horses, cows, and yaks enjoying the sunlight and eating grass contentedly. As a nature lover like me, I’m sure you can imagine how delighted I was by this sight. Bita Lake, however, is absolutely my favourite place in Potatso. Just imagine, a beautiful lake, blue skies, majestic mountains, and golden trees all around me. In such tranquil surroundings, I could easily believe myself to be standing in James Hilton’s Shangri-La. For those who live in cities like we do, spending time in nature can be an incredibly rejuvenating experience. Tomorrow, I am going hiking at the Tiger Leaping Gorge. Fingers crossed that there will be good weather! Anyway, I need to get some sleep now since tomorrow’s going to be a long day, but I’ll tell you all about it when I get back! Love, Chris 06　National Parks — A Treasure House for Future Generations Workbook · Expanding Your World　|　Unit 3 Fascinating Parks　|　说明文（主题型说明）　|　约 791 词 While city life may be exciting, all of us need to escape into nature now and again. Some of the best family holidays involve things like picnics, camping, hikes, and forest walks. Exploring nature allows us to catch sight of rare animals and come across special places of beauty. Of course, none of this would be possible without protected nature areas. This is why national parks are so important. They are places to be treasured — places where the country locks away the very best it has to offer for everyone to enjoy. To protect this heritage, governments allow very little development inside most national parks, though some do not allow any development at all. Visitors have to bring in their own food and drink, and then be sure to carry out all their waste when they leave. The very first national park is also one of the most famous in the world — Yellowstone, in the western USA. Nineteenth-century explorers were amazed by what they saw in Yellowstone. Apart from the beautiful mountains, rushing rivers, and tall waterfalls, there were geysers, which sent boiling water as high as 91 metres into the air. Then there were the hot springs, as colourful as rainbows. These explorers wanted to protect the natural features of the area from development so that future generations could enjoy the area. And so, in 1872, Yellowstone was established as a national park. Today, around four million people a year visit it. Many come hoping to see wildlife, which is no longer as common in the American West as it once was. Everyone comes to see the geysers, especially Old Faithful, which sits near the centre of the park, and sends 95.6°C water up to 56 metres into the air every 44 to 125 minutes. While Yellowstone was made a national park in order to protect its natural features, many others were set up to protect wildlife. A good example is the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. In the local African language, "Serengeti" means "the place where the land runs on forever". It is a wide plain covered in tall grass, and dotted with trees. When foreigners began killing the Serengeti lions for sport, the government decided to take action, eventually turning the area into a national park in 1951. Even then, it was a challenge to protect the park’s wildlife. In 1959, a film was made of the great wildebeest migration which occurs every year in the park. This film, Serengeti Shall Not Die, helped people around the world understand the need for wildlife protection. Today, the Serengeti is one of the most famous national parks in the world. Nowhere else can you see great herds of wildebeests and zebras, in addition to lions, rhinoceroses, elephants, and many other creatures. Not all famous national parks are on land. Some national parks are marine parks. One good example of this is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. Stretching over 2,300 kilometres, the Great Barrier Reef is considered one of the natural wonders of the world. It is the largest structure in the world made by living things, and the wide variety of tropical wildlife also makes the reef its home. Since the Great Barrier Reef is just below the surface of the water, it is an excellent place to see nature, and millions of people travel there every year. The park was created in 1975 to protect the reef from overdevelopment and fishing. Unfortunately, the biggest danger to the Great Barrier Reef is something park management cannot control — global warming. Rising ocean temperatures are causing some corals to die, leaving them grey. Hundreds of years ago, people could not imagine that there would ever be a time when forests would be cut down, oceans would become polluted, and wildlife would face extinction. Facing the problems of environment pollution and overdevelopment, some national parks have been set aside to protect both natural features and wildlife. A good example of this is the Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was set up in the south of China’s Qinghai Province in 2020. The park is at a very high altitude and contains the source of the Yangtze River (Changjiang), Lancang River, and Yellow River. It is also home to many species of plants and birds, along with animals like Tibetan antelopes, snow leopards, wolves, foxes, bears, yaks, and sheep. In most areas of the reserve, development is strictly forbidden, and any permitted development is closely monitored. The protection of natural areas has attracted much media attention, and now more and more people are supporting the idea of eco-friendly development. Today, people understand that national parks are not just for one generation; they should be protected for every generation to come. 07　Animal Body Language Expanding Your World　|　Unit 4 Body Language　|　科普说明文（分类说明）　|　约 413 词 Human beings are not the only ones who communicate. Animals use body language to tell each other how they feel and what they think. Here is a quick look at how some of our animal friends send messages to us and to each other. Dogs use sounds, body movements, and their tails to communicate. When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open. The dog will start barking, moving its tail, and running around in circles or jumping up and down to show you that it wants to play. A dog that is afraid will lie on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and lower its body so that it is close to the ground. The dog may also shake, and it will put its tail between its legs. When a dog is angry, its main body language is showing its teeth and growling. The dog will try making itself look as big as possible. The tail will stand straight out from the body. Elephants also use noises and body language to express themselves. An elephant’s sense of smell is highly developed. An elephant can smell how another elephant is feeling and even tell if it is sick. The elephant’s nose, or trunk, is also used to make noises and to welcome other elephants. Different noises have a variety of meanings: they can mean "I am hungry", "I am angry", or "Good to see you". An elephant’s body language includes ear signals and gestures. If an elephant spreads its ears, it means "Watch out!" To show friendliness, elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together. Dolphins are social animals. They live in groups and love showing each other their feelings. An angry dolphin will sometimes hit its tail on the surface of the water. The movement and noise let other dolphins know that something is wrong. If a dolphin wants to send a message over a long distance, or if it wants to show how strong it is, it will jump high out of the water and land on its side, making a loud noise. A dolphin’s favourite activity is leaping into the air while playing with its friends. When dolphins are tired and need to rest, they will swim in small groups close to the surface. If you see dolphins doing this, you should not disturb them. 08　Being Funny Without Saying a Word Expanding Your World　|　Unit 4 Body Language　|　人物传记（记叙）　|　约 543 词 Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face." Up to now, nobody has been able to create laughter like Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of millions through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could forget their difficulties. Not that Charlie’s own life was easy. He was born to a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. To make money, Charlie learnt to sing as soon as he could speak, and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in stage families at that time. Every member of the family performed to help make money. Then his father died, and so Charlie spent his youth looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. No one was bored watching him — he made everything funny. As time went by, Chaplin began making silent films, where the story was told only through body language and gestures. Usually, Chaplin appeared in these films as the Little Tramp, a poor man with a moustache, large trousers, worn-out shoes, and a small, round hat. He walked around stiffly, carrying a walking stick. Even though the Little Tramp was considered a failure in life, he was still full of kindness and hope. Like Chaplin, the Little Tramp always tried to turn his sadness into joy. Chaplin once said, "My pain may be the reason for somebody’s laugh. But my laugh must never be the reason for somebody’s pain." He also said, "To truly laugh, you must be able to take your pain, and play with it!" In 1914 and 1915, Chaplin worked almost constantly, making nearly 50 short films. Though short films were in high demand, Chaplin’s popularity allowed him to take more time and make longer films. One of these films, The Kid (1921), is considered to be among the greatest films ever made. In the film, the Little Tramp finds a baby that has been abandoned, and raises the child as his own. While the film has many funny moments, it also has times of great sadness. As Chaplin said, it was "a picture with a smile, and perhaps a tear". How did the Little Tramp make a sad situation funny? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush (1925). It is around 1900, and gold has just been discovered in Alaska. The Little Tramp has rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead, he is hiding in a small house on a mountain during a snowstorm, with nothing to eat. He is so hungry that he has cooked one of his boots for dinner. The Little Tramp first cuts off the laces and eats them as if they were noodles. Then he cuts up the boot and shares it with Big Jim, another fortune-hunter. The Little Tramp chews on the lower part of the boot, treating it like something good to eat and making you believe that this is one of the best meals he has ever tasted. 09　Better, Greener Lives Away from the City Workbook · Reading and Writing　|　Unit 5 Working the Land　|　新闻报道（人物特写＋观点）　|　约 410 词 While the dream of most university graduates is to start a successful career in a big city, more and more young people are choosing to stay in their own hometowns so they can stay with their family and friends. For some young people, it is also a matter of making the quality of life for other people in their hometowns better. They also have a desire to improve and maintain the natural and economic environments in these places for generations to come. Li Dan is a woman who has discovered that returning home to work in the field of agriculture could offer her both a meaningful challenge and a good standard of living. Born in a small village in Southwest China, she decided not to follow many of her former classmates to the city after getting her degree at university. Instead, she returned to her village and started her own fruit-growing business. Working hard over the last several years, and taking advantage of new technology and the Internet, she has expanded her business to include agritourism. Moreover, her company’s annual income has reached six million yuan and more than 50 new jobs have been created. As a result, her decision has also helped to alleviate poverty and improve the lives of many people in her village. With China’s population expected to continue rising in the coming years, the government understands the importance of agriculture. It also understands that university graduates can help come up with better ways to grow crops, and develop new, creative ways of farming using modern technology. To help these young people with their bright and innovative ideas, the government is providing financial help. Business development loans are becoming easier for these young people to obtain, too. Government policies that aim to eliminate poverty are also having a beneficial effect. "Life in big cities is not all it’s cracked up to be," said Zhang Tao, from Binchuan county in Yunnan Province, adding that the air was bad, transport was terrible, and it was hard to make a decent living. "What life in one’s hometown offers is a strong support network. More importantly, this network is also a good one for getting new agribusinesses up and running quite quickly. Thus, it is no surprise that more and more graduates are now attracted to life in the country, where they can fulfil personal goals and contribute to their local communities rather than just being white-collar professionals in big cities." 10　Amazing Methods of Agriculture Workbook · Expanding Your World　|　Unit 5 Working the Land　|　科普说明文（发明史说明）　|　约 772 词 Agriculture has come a long way from its ancient beginnings. Long ago, farmers would work hard on their individual plots of land, using simple tools or even their bare hands. They tended to their crops for many hours each day so that the crops grew well and did not suffer from pests or disease. Luck played a great part in farming. For example, a single storm could destroy a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest. Where farms were located often dictated how well farms did, too. In hilly countries, some lucky farmers would have land in the lowlands — full of deep, rich soil, while other unlucky farmers would have land on the hills with hard soil full of stones. In addition, some areas would simply be too dry or too wet to grow much of value. Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the reliance on luck and guesswork. These advances have enabled people in various countries to benefit from exceptional innovations in crop production. Probably one of the most beneficial innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big, green farms in the middle of the desert. While there have been experiments in different places in the past to make drip irrigation a reality, it is in the Middle Eastern country of Israel that drip irrigation has become a modern success. How Simcha Blass, a scientist, discovered this new way of irrigation is rather interesting. He was visiting a friend in the Israel desert in the 1930s when he noticed something unusual. There was a row of trees near his friend’s house, and one of them was much taller than the others. When Blass dug around the roots to find out what the secret was, he discovered that the house’s water pipe had a small leak at the base of the tree. The pipe’s steady drip onto the tree’s roots was giving it just enough water at the perfect rate to grow strong and quickly. Through this discovery, farmers can now produce crops on arid land, without needing much water. This irrigation method uses far less water than other methods. The limited and focused use of just the right amount of water also denies moisture to weeds and pests, keeping them from harming the crops. Drip irrigation deals with a lack of water in an area. However, what if an area has plenty of water but little usable soil? As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. With hydroponics, plant roots are supported by rocks, glass beads, or a fibre mat, and nutrient-rich water is then provided to the plants in place of soil. Given that China has many areas where soils are poor, Chinese researchers have been experimenting with hydroponics since the 1970s. Recent research has centred on vertical hydroponic farming. With a vertical farm, the crops are planted in trays that are stacked into plant skyscrapers. Furthermore, nearly all hydroponic farms and vertical farms are either partially or fully automated. Besides drip irrigation and hydroponics, scientists have made impressive innovations in agricultural machinery. Of course, the most important and useful agricultural machines, such as tractors and harvesters, were invented long ago. However, many such machines are now self-driving. They use cameras and a positioning system to see where they are and where they are going, and their routes can be planned by a computer. Depending upon the crop, some farms hundreds of thousands of hectares in size can be managed by just a handful of workers using machines such as these. For fruit cultivation, robots are now being employed in some countries. For instance, in Japan, robots are used to spray individual grape clusters with insecticide, trim them so they are all of equal size, bag them so that they can be further protected from pests and the elements, and then harvest them when they are ripe. In other countries, robots are being used to harvest oranges and strawberries, plant rice, and spray pesticides. The field of agricultural robotics is still in its infancy, so there is still a need for human labour to harvest many crops. To help ease this burden, there are also robots that can help workers carry fruit and vegetables to storage areas. With such technological advances, the image of a farmer pushing a plough will eventually become a thing of the past. Farmers of the future are more likely to be technicians working in control rooms, surrounded by computers and monitors. Indeed, some farmers already are. 第三部分　60 句词汇派生单句语法填空 要求：用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。全部句子均出自第二部分的 10 篇文章原文，按文章分组。 题组 01　Heroes in Your Eyes 01. However, those who work tirelessly behind the scenes often go unnoticed, in spite of their great ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (achieve). 02. If you know anyone who deserves to have their contributions ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (recognise), we would love to hear from you! 03. Huang was a ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (remark) scientist. 04. Due to the frantic pace of his research, Huang was absent from his father’s funeral, and even his own cancer went ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (detect) as he had no time to see a doctor. 05. My mother takes ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (proud) in her work. 06. She faces customers with a smile and works hard even when she is ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (tire). 题组 02　Three Days to See (Adapted) 07. Darkness would make him more ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (appreciate) of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. 08. In spring I touch the branches of trees ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (hope) in search of a bud. 09. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (gentle) on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. 10. At times my heart cries out with ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (long) to see all these things. 11. On the first day, I should want to see the people whose ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (kind) and companionship have made my life worth living. 12. If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (reveal) by sight. 题组 03　Cloning: Where Is It Leading Us? 13. When it was announced in 2018 that the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai had created the world’s first cloned monkeys, Zhongzhong and Huahua, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (heat) discussions followed online. 14. In fact, cloning has always been with us. It is a way of making an ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (exactly) copy of another animal or plant. 15. Cloning plants is fairly straightforward, while cloning animals is much more ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (complicate) and difficult. 16. Over the years, many scientists failed in their attempts to clone animals, but their ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (determined) and patience paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 17. The lamb which is born is the clone of sheep B. It is in every way ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (identity) to sheep B, but younger. 18. For one thing, it could be used to breed animal species which are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (danger), or even bring back species which are now extinct. 题组 04　Our Greatest Adventure 19. These futurists tried to ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (prediction) the future. 20. Only a few of their predictions were right, and all of them missed something that was just around the corner: the revolution in computers and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (inform) technology. 21. We can make some good guesses about future technology by looking at current scientific and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (technology) advances. 22. Forget smartphones and smart watches — we will have smart clothes that adjust to the weather and our body ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (temperate). 23. As a result of such advances, in the future, some people who are badly ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (injure) may become more robot than human. 24. Many new parts will be made to replace human body parts that break down, meaning it may be possible to use this technology to ＿＿＿＿(extension) our lives long past the time of normal death by old age. 题组 05　Why Chris Went to Shangri-La 25. That night, I was so ＿＿＿＿ (exhaustion) that I had a quick bite to eat and then crashed. 26. On top of its beautiful scenery, the park is also famous for its rich ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (biology) diversity. 27. At Shudu Lake, the first stop on the bus tour, we saw horses, cows, and yaks enjoying the sunlight and eating grass ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (content). 28. In such ＿＿＿＿ (tranquility) surroundings, I could easily believe myself to be standing in James Hilton’s Shangri-La. 29. For those who live in cities like we do, spending time in nature can be an ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (incredible) rejuvenating experience. 30. Just imagine, a beautiful lake, blue skies, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (majesty) mountains, and golden trees all around me. 题组 06　National Parks — A Treasure House for Future Generations 31. Nineteenth-century ＿＿＿＿＿(explore) were amazed by what they saw in Yellowstone. 32. Then there were the hot springs, as ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (colour) as rainbows. 33. And so, in 1872, Yellowstone was ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (establishment) as a national park. 34. When foreigners began killing the Serengeti lions for sport, the government decided to take action, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (eventual) turning the area into a national park in 1951. 35. It is the largest structure in the world made by living things, and the wide ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (vary) of tropical wildlife also makes the reef its home. 36. Hundreds of years ago, people could not imagine that there would ever be a time when forests would be cut down, oceans would become polluted, and wildlife would face ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (extinct). 题组 07　Animal Body Language 37. Human beings are not the only ones who ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (communication). 38. Dolphins are ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (society) animals. 39. A dog that is afraid will lie on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (low) its body so that it is close to the ground. 40. When a dog is angry, its main body language is showing its teeth and ＿＿＿＿＿(growl). 41. To show ＿＿＿＿ (friendly), elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together. 42. A dolphin’s favourite ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (active) is leaping into the air while playing with its friends. 题组 08　Being Funny Without Saying a Word 43. Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face." Up to now, nobody has been able to create laughter like Charlie Chaplin. He ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (bright) the lives of millions through two world wars and the hard years in between. 44. He made people laugh at a time when they felt ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (depress). 45. His parents were both poor music hall ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (perform). 46. By his teens, Charlie had, through his ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (humorous), become one of the most popular child actors in England. 47. Even though the Little Tramp was considered a ＿＿＿＿ (fail) in life, he was still full of kindness and hope. 48. While the film has many funny moments, it also has times of great ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (sad). 题组 09　Better, Greener Lives Away from the City 49. They also have a desire to improve and maintain the natural and ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (economy) environments in these places for generations to come. 50. Li Dan is a woman who has discovered that returning home to work in the field of ＿＿＿＿＿ (agricultural) could offer her both a meaningful challenge and a good standard of living. 51. Working hard over the last several years, and taking ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (advantageous) of new technology and the Internet, she has expanded her business to include agritourism. 52. Moreover, her company’s ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (annually) income has reached six million yuan and more than 50 new jobs have been created. 53. As a result, her decision has also helped to ＿＿＿＿(alleviation) poverty and improve the lives of many people in her village. 54. It also understands that university graduates can help come up with better ways to grow crops, and develop new, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (create) ways of farming using modern technology. 题组 10　Amazing Methods of Agriculture 55. For example, a single storm could ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (destruction) a whole year’s work, while a summer of good weather could ensure a good harvest. 56. In addition, some areas would simply be too dry or too wet to grow much of ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (valuable). 57. Modern science and technology have helped to greatly reduce the back-breaking labour involved in farming, along with the ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (rely) on luck and guesswork. 58. Probably one of the most ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (benefit) innovations is drip irrigation, which has made it possible to develop big, green farms in the middle of the desert. 59. How Simcha Blass, a scientist, discovered this new way of ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (irrigate) is rather interesting. 60. While there have been experiments in different places in the past to make drip irrigation a reality, it is in the Middle Eastern country of Israel that drip irrigation has become a modern ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (succeed). 第四部分　参考答案与解析 共 60 题，按题组编排；"考点"栏说明词性转换的依据，便于讲评与积累。 题号 答案 解析（考点） 题号 答案 解析（考点） 01 achievements 形容词 great 后接名词；泛指众多成就，用名词复数。 31 explorers 主语指人且谓语为复数，用 explore 加 -er 再加复数 -s。 02 recognised "have + 宾语 + 过去分词"结构，contributions 与 recognise 为被动关系，用过去分词。 32 colourful as...as 比较结构中修饰名词性质，用形容词 colourful。 03 remarkable 冠词 a 后、名词 scientist 前用形容词，remark 加 -able 意为"非凡的"。 33 established 主语与 establish 为被动关系，被动语态用过去分词。 04 undetected "go + 过去分词"表状态变化；句意为"癌症未被发现"，detect 加否定前缀 un-。 34 eventually 修饰现在分词 turning 作状语，用副词 eventually。 05 pride take pride in 为固定短语，介词 in 前用名词形式。 35 variety the wide variety of 为固定搭配，形容词 wide 后接名词。 06 tired 系动词 is 后作表语且修饰人，用 -ed 形容词 tired"疲惫的"。 36 extinction 动词 face 后接宾语，用名词 extinction"灭绝"。 07 appreciative be/become appreciative of 为固定搭配，用形容词"感激的；有鉴赏力的"。 37 communicate 定语从句缺少谓语动词，陈述一般事实用动词原形 communicate。 08 hopefully 修饰动词 touch 用副词，hope 加 -fully"满怀希望地"。 38 social 修饰名词 animals 用形容词，society 的形容词形式为 social。 09 gently 修饰动词 place 用副词，gentle 变 y 为 i 加 -ly。 39 lower 与谓语 may show 并列，用动词原形；low 的动词形式 lower 意为"放低"。 10 longing 介词 with 后接名词；long 的动名词 longing 意为"渴望"。 40 growling 与 showing 并列作表语，用 -ing 形式 growling"低吼"。 11 kindness 与并列名词 companionship 一致，用名词 kindness"善良"。 41 friendliness 动词 show 后接宾语，用名词 friendliness"友善"。 12 revealed 主语 beauty 与 reveal 为被动关系，情态动词后用"be + 过去分词"。 42 activity 形容词 favourite 后接名词中心词，activity"活动"。 13 heated 修饰名词 discussions 用 -ed 形容词 heated"激烈的"。 43 brightened 叙述过去发生的事，缺谓语用一般过去时 brightened。 14 exact 冠词 an 后、名词 copy 前用形容词原形 exact。 44 depressed 系动词 felt 后作表语且修饰人，用 -ed 形容词。 15 complicated 系动词 is 后作表语，与 difficult 并列，用 -ed 形容词。 45 performers 表语指人，perform 加 -er 再加复数 -s。 16 determination 形容词性物主代词 their 后接名词，与并列名词 patience 一致。 46 humour 介词 through 的宾语、形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词 humour。 17 identical be identical to 为固定搭配，"与……完全相同"。 47 failure 冠词 a 后接名词，fail 加 -ure 构成 failure"失败者"。 18 endangered 系动词 are 后作表语；句意为"濒危的"，用 danger 加后缀 -ed。 48 sadness 形容词 great 后接名词，sad 加 -ness 构成 sadness。 19 predict 不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，名词 prediction 的动词形式为 predict。 49 economic 与形容词 natural 并列修饰 environments，用形容词 economic。 20 information 修饰名词 technology 用名词作定语，information technology"信息技术"。 50 agriculture 介词 of 后接名词，the field of agriculture"农业领域"。 21 technological 与形容词 scientific 并列修饰 advances，用形容词 technological。 51 advantage take advantage of 为固定短语，介词 of 前用名词。 22 temperature 名词 body 后接名词中心词，temperate 的名词形式为 temperature"体温"。 52 annual 修饰名词 income 用形容词 annual"年度的"。 23 injured 系动词 are 后作表语，人作主语用 -ed 形容词，be badly injured"伤势严重"。 53 alleviate help to do 结构中接动词原形，alleviate poverty"减轻贫困"。 24 extend 不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，extension 的动词形式为 extend"延长"。 54 creative 与 new 并列修饰 ways，用形容词 creative。 25 exhausted so...that 结构中作表语且修饰人，用 -ed 形容词 exhausted。 55 destroy 情态动词 could 后接动词原形，destroy"摧毁"。 26 biological 修饰名词 diversity 用形容词，biology 加 -ical。 56 value 代词 much of 后接名词，much of value"有价值的东西"。 27 contentedly 修饰动词短语 eating grass 用副词 contentedly"心满意足地"。 57 reliance 定冠词 the 后接名词，rely 的名词形式为 reliance"依赖"。 28 tranquil 修饰名词 surroundings 用形容词 tranquil"宁静的"。 58 beneficial the most 后接形容词原级修饰 innovations，beneficial"有益的"。 29 incredibly 修饰形容词 rejuvenating 用副词 incredibly。 59 irrigation 介词 of 后接名词，irrigate 加 -tion 构成 irrigation"灌溉"。 30 majestic 修饰名词 mountains 用形容词 majestic"雄伟的"。 60 success 不定冠词 a 后接名词中心词，succeed 的名词形式为 success"成功的事"。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $