精品解析：上海市东华大学附属松江高级中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月阶段学情调研英语试卷

东华附高2026学年第一学期10月阶段学情调研 高二英语 出卷人 高二英语组 审卷人 高二英语组 考试时间：120分钟 满分：140分 注意事项： 1. 答卷前考生务必将学校、自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A student. B. A journalist. C. A policewoman. D. A waitress. 2. A. In Washington. B. In Shanghai. C. In Singapore. D. In Spain. 3 A. To a bookstore. B. To a furniture shop. C. To an art school. D. To a clothing store. 4. A. The man stayed up to prepare for the test. B. The man went back home late last night. C. The man didn’t study hard during the day. D. The man hired a tutor for Biology learning. 5. A She prefers to eat at home. B. She dislikes Japanese food. C. She wants to pay for the meal. D. She plans to order the food. 6. A. Go to the front of the line. B. Apologize to the woman. C. Accept the woman’s apology. D. Let the woman go ahead of him. 7. A. She can speak English very fast. B. She has no time to learn English. C. Her spoken English is still not good. D. Her memory for English expressions is good. 8. The speech was not worth listening to. B. The speaker didn’t speak loud enough. C. The speaker was too far away from him. D. The speech was too difficult to understand. 9. A. The strawberries are not fresh enough. B. Fruit is not allowed before lunch time. C. There are plenty of strawberries on the table. D. The strawberries will be served during lunch. 10. A. The man should take a seat in the front. B The man’s glasses are too weak. C. The man should wear his glasses in class. D. The man’s glasses are out of fashion. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The use of the leap year. B. The inventor of the leap year. C. The change of the leap year. D. The mystery of the leap year. 12. A. To celebrate the birth of Julius Caesar. B. To even out an astronomical year. C. To make the calendar match Earth’s orbit. D. To let the calendar become more unique. 13. A. A leap year is divisible by 100. B A leap year often seemed full of troubles. C. Every century year is a leap year. D. The latest century-year leap year was 2000. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of using paper bags. B. The issues of plastic alternatives. C. The process of making eco-friendly packing. D. The advantages of using glass bottles. 15. A. Boosted decomposition rates in nature. B. Lower cost and energy efficiency. C. Elevated material and production-expenses. D. Total absence of environmental impact. 16. A. They require much water to produce. B. They have lower energy footprint. C. They need no tree cutting for production. D. They break down in special facilities. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The number of tourists on the island B. Renting bikes and motorbikes on the island. C. The popularity of the island with tourists. D. Different ways of getting around the island. 18. A. To exercise on her vacation. B. To teach her friends how to ride a bike. C. To practice her driving skills: D. To explore the island during her holiday. 19. A. An entire day. B. Half a day. C. Two hours. D. No time limit. 20. A. 12 years old. B. 14 years old. C. 16 years old. D. 18 years old. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname ____1____ reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness ____2____ people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process ____3____ (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is ____4____ life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub ____5____ talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) ____6____ (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around ____7____: the feeling that you’re welcome, ____8____you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each ____9____ (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you ____10____ hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” 【答案】1. that##which 2. how 3. driven 4. where 5. with 6. has become##becomes 7. it 8. even if##even though 9. revealing 10. can 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芬兰建筑师在上海的观察与感悟。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他的学生称他为“搜搜”，意思是“寻找”——这个昵称反映了他不断的探索。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a nickname，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 【2题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他的自行车骑行是一种参与的方式——一种见证人与地方如何互动的方式。本空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他重视上海的“敏感更新”，这是一个由居民和政府部门共同推动的过程。本句已有谓语values，本空用非谓语形式，名词process和动词drive“推动”是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填driven。 【4题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：“街道是生活发生的地方，”他说。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示 “……之处”，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：每天晚上，它都会变成一个夜总会，有谈话、表演和电影放映。此处表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：在小巷里吹萨克斯的人或梧桐树下的棋局，在他眼里，都是不断变化的标志。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式becomes。或者：从句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时态应用现在完成时，谓语用has become，故填has become或becomes。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：“一个地方的灵魂，”他说，“不在于建筑，而在于周围的生活：那种即使你是陌生人也会感到受欢迎的感觉。”此处指代上文提到的a place，用代词it。故填it。 【8题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意同上。本空引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，用even if或even though。故填even if/even though。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Suominen已经用这些场景填满了20多本素描本，每一本都揭示了人与空间之间的动态互动。本句已有谓语has filled，本空用非谓语形式，each指代上文提到的sketchbooks，和动词reveal“揭示”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词。故填revealing。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：在芬兰，寒冷让人们待在室内，你几乎不可能以同样的方式观察到人们的价值观和习惯。根据“where the cold keeps people inside”可知，此处表示几乎不“可能”，用情态动词can。故填can。 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.addressing B. boundaries C. generative D. initially E. remove F. approved G. aboriginally H. released I. sample J. overtake K. traffic The exploration of vast space, the manipulation of genes for medical treatment, the growth of green technology, the advancement of AI… Science and technology know no ____11____. What wonders await in 2025? Space “____12____” this year will be no less busy than in 2024, with global space agencies pursuing ambitious goals. China launched its first mission of the year on Jan 7 with a Long March 3B rocket. The country’s 2025 plan also includes Shenzhou manned missions and Tianzhou cargo missions to the Tiangong space station, along with the Tianwen‑2 mission to ____13____ a near‑Earth asteroid. The US plans to conduct several lunar missions with companies like Intuitive Machines, and SpaceX’s Starship hopes to complete 25 test flights throughout the year. Additionally, a collaboration between China and the European Union will see the launch of the SMILE satellite to study the interaction between solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field, enhancing our understanding of the Sun‑Earth relationship. Genome editing, or gene editing, will continue to inspire enthusiasm in 2025. It comprises a group of technologies that allow scientists to add, ____14____ or alter genetic materials at particular locations on the long stretches of DNA of living beings, including humans. In this way, certain diseases, like cancer and diabetes, can be treated by ____15____ their root causes rather than relying on medication or surgery. One of the most popular tools is CRISPR, “genetic scissors” that won Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna the Nobel Prize in 2020. The first CRISPR treatment, Casgevy, was ____16____ in the UK and the US in 2023 for two blood disorders. Over 30 CRISPR trials were ongoing worldwide by October 2024, and more are expected this year. Last year was the hottest on record, highlighting the significance of green technology in 2025. One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are ____17____ into the atmosphere, and transporting the CO₂ to an underground location to be stored. CCS projects are now storing about 45 million tons of CO₂ yearly, roughly equal to the emissions of 10 million cars. In 2025, Norway will complete Europe’s first full‑scale CCS project, and the UK will invest around 160 billion yuan in similar projects. The growth of clean energy continues, with wind and solar power expected to ____18____ coal in electricity generation. Tech giants like Google and Microsoft are also turning to nuclear energy to power their AI data centers. Generative AI like ChatGPT brought major changes in 2024. In 2025, AI agents that can sense and make decisions independently will be a top technology trend, predicts the US firm Gartner. By 2028, these AI agents will likely be handling 15 percent of day‑to‑day work decisions, said the firm. Unlike ____19____ AI, which creates content based on prompts, agentic AI is proactive and solves complex problems on its own. AI agents _____20_____ will handle routine tasks like filling reports. Eventually, they will manage systems independently. For example, an app‑based agent can plan your vacation by booking flights, hotels and restaurants, remembering your preferences. 【答案】11. B 12. K 13. I 14. E 15. A 16. F 17. H 18. J 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年在太空探索、基因编辑、绿色科技以及人工智能四大领域将迎来的科技进步与发展趋势，展现科技无边界的无限可能。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：对广袤太空的探索、用于医疗的基因操控、绿色技术的增长、人工智能的进步……科技没有边界。分析句子可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，根据下文“What wonders await in 2025? (2025 年会有哪些奇迹在等待着我们？)”，可知后文期待2025年的奇迹，可推理出空白处应填表示“边界”含义的名词。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：今年的太空“交通”将不会比2024年冷清，全球航天机构正在追求雄心勃勃的目标。空格处应填名词作主语，根据后文“with global space agencies pursuing ambitious goals(全球航天机构正在追求雄心勃勃的目标)”，可知后文描述的是太空发射和飞行活动的繁忙景象，可推理出空白处应填表示“交通”含义的名词。“space traffic”意为“太空交通”，指太空中的发射和飞行活动，符合句意。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：中国的2025年计划还包括向天宫空间站执行神舟载人任务和天舟货运任务，以及天问二号任务去采集近地小行星的样本。空格处应填动词原形，与to构成不定式，根据前文“Tianwen-2 mission(天问二号任务)”，可知天问二号的任务目标是探测近地小行星，可推理出空白处应填表示“采样”含义的动词，“sample a near-Earth asteroid”意为“对近地小行星进行采样”。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：它包含一组技术，使科学家能够在生物体（包括人类）的长链DNA的特定位置添加、移除或改变遗传物质。空格处应填动词原形，与add和alter并列，根据前文“add”和后文“or alter genetic materials(或改变遗传物质)”，可知空格处应填一个与“添加”和“改变”并列的动词，表示对遗传物质的另一种操作。remove“移除；去除”为动词，符合句意。 【15题详解】 考查动名词。句意：通过这种方式，某些疾病，如癌症和糖尿病，可以通过解决其根本原因来治疗，而不是依赖药物或手术。空格处位于介词by之后，应填动名词形式，根据后文“their root causes rather than relying on medication or surgery(它们的根本原因，而不是依赖药物或手术)”，可知通过基因编辑技术可以针对疾病的根本原因进行治疗，可推理出空白处应填表示“解决”含义的动名词。addressing“解决”为动名词。 【16题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：首个CRISPR疗法Casgevy于2023年在英国和美国获得批准，用于治疗两种血液疾病。分析句子可知，空格处位于was之后，构成被动语态，根据后文“in the UK and the US in 2023 for two blood disorders(2023年在英国和美国用于治疗两种血液疾病)”，可知后文提到了在英国和美国用于治疗两种血液疾病，一种新疗法需要经过官方审批才能投入使用，可推理出空白处应填表示“批准”含义的动词过去分词。approved“被批准的”为动词过去分词。 【17题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：碳捕集与封存（CCS）涉及在排放源处将CO₂从其他气体中分离出来，在它们被排放到大气之前，将CO₂运输到地下位置进行储存。分析句子可知，空格处位于are之后，构成被动语态，应使用过去分词，根据后文“into the atmosphere(到大气中)”，可知后文提到了大气，可推理出此处说的是气体被排放到大气中，可推理出空白处应填表示“释放；排放”含义的动词的过去分词形式。released“被释放”为动词过去分词。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：清洁能源的增长仍在继续，风能和太阳能预计将在发电方面超过煤炭。空格处应填动词原形，与to构成不定式，根据前文“The growth of clean energy continues(清洁能源的增长仍在继续)”，可知清洁能源正在快速发展并逐步取代传统能源，可推理出空白处应填表示“超过”含义的动词。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与基于提示词来创建内容的生成式AI不同，智能体AI是主动的，能够自主解决复杂问题。空格处应填形容词修饰AI作定语，根据后文“which creates content based on prompts(基于提示词来创建内容)”，可知此处描述的是能够生成内容的AI类型，可推理出空白处应填表示“生成的”含义的形容词。generative“生成的”为形容词。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：AI智能体最初将处理诸如填写报告之类的日常任务。分析句子可知，空格处应填副词修饰整个句子，根据后文“Eventually, they will manage systems independently(最终，它们将独立管理系统)”，可知前后形成时间上的对比，先处理简单任务，最终实现独立管理，可推理出空白处应填表示“最初”含义的副词。initially“最初”为副词。 III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____21____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____22____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery. These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college. ____23____, they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____24____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties, rather than ____25____. Across the United States, the continuous drive for reputation has generated the ____26____ in the number of honors colleges. Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council. Among them, it is usually a brilliant idea for an institution to ____27____ applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college, which promises the intimate feel of a small college within a(n) ____28____ state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand. However, things are ____29____ at the Honors Living-Learning Community, which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs. Their high-school grades and SAT scores are lower than the campus average. While academic skill ____30____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice. Every ____31____ of the honors program comes straight from the book on how to engage undergraduates ____32____, and minority students in particular. The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition. Without this _____33_____, most couldn’t enroll full-time, and evidence shows that part-time students are far less likely to graduate. A ____34____ number of community college graduates are admitted, which gives 18-year-olds, fresh out of high school, an opportunity to learn from peers with more life ____35____. 21. A. graduated B. abandoned C. prohibited D. suspended 22. A. reading B. serving C. passing D. escaping 23. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Instead D. Similarly 24. A. faulty B. smooth C. meaningful D. interesting 25. A. social experience B. family backgrounds C. academic performance D. human relationships 26. A. pursuit B. explosion C. exploit D. progress 27. A. tempt B. enroll C. introduce D. cultivate 28. A. remote B. public C. packed D. outstanding 29. A. difficult B. different C. discouraging D. disturbing 30. A. differs B. ranges C. matters D. varies 31. A. student B. major C. component D. college 32. A. especially B. intensively C. generally D. particularly 33. A. passion B. aim C. aid D. initiative 34. A. stable B. certain C. random D. growing 35. A. expectancy B. tragedy C. experience D. passion 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了罗格斯大学荣誉学院的创新招生模式。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mohammad被预备学校开除，然后因为向同学卖巧克力而被高中停课100天。A. graduated毕业；B. abandoned抛弃；C. prohibited禁止；D. suspended暂停，中止（课程、活动等）。根据下文“for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates”可知，Mohammad因犯错被学校“停学”。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Emanuel因持械抢劫被判三年徒刑。A. reading阅读；B. serving服刑；C. passing通过；D. escaping逃跑。根据下文“a three-year sentence for armed robbery”可知，Emanuel因持械抢劫被判三年徒刑，因此他正在“服刑”。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们被罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的荣誉生活学习社区录取，在那里，他们和其他有着类似坎坷人生故事的人正在通过强调克服生活困难的勇气，而不是学术表现，来突破荣誉学院的界限。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead相反；D. Similarly相似地。根据上文“These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college.”和下文“they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties”可知，这些人并不是传统大学荣誉学院录取的学生类型，而“相反”，他们被罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的荣誉生活学习社区录取。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. faulty有错误的，有问题的；B. smooth顺利的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery.”可知，上文提到的辍学、犯罪等经历可知，他们的人生故事是“坎坷的、有波折的”，faulty 可引申为“不顺利的”，符合语境。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意同上。A. social experience社会经验；B. family backgrounds家庭背景；C. academic performance学术表现；D. human relationships人际关系。根据上文“These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college.”和下文“While academic skill ____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice.”可知，传统荣誉学院更看重“学业表现”，而罗格斯大学的荣誉生活学习社区在招生时更强调学生的毅力、学习动力和对社会正义的热情，而不是“学术表现”。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在美国各地，对声誉的不断追求导致了荣誉学院数量的激增。A. pursuit追求；B. explosion爆炸，激增；C. exploit利用；D. progress进步。根据下文“Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council.”可知，荣誉学院的数量在“激增”。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于一所学校来说，吸引那些在高中成绩优异、SAT分数高到足以保证进入知名私立大学的申请者通常是一个好主意。A. tempt吸引；B. enroll注册；C. introduce介绍；D. cultivate培养。根据下文“applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college”可知，荣誉学院是吸引这些优秀申请者的“诱饵”。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诱饵是荣誉学院，它承诺在一所杰出的州立学校内营造出小型学院的亲密氛围。A. remote遥远的；B. public公立的；C. packed挤满的；D. outstanding杰出的。根据上文“state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand.”可知，这些学校是“杰出的”大学。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，荣誉生活学习社区的情况却有所不同，这里主要招收黑人和拉丁裔学生——几乎是罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校其他项目黑人和拉丁裔本科生总数的两倍。A. difficult困难的；B. different不同的；C. discouraging令人沮丧的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据下文“which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs”可知，荣誉生活学习社区的情况与其他荣誉学院“不同”。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然学术技能在决定谁被选中时很重要，但重点在于这些学生的毅力、学习动力和对社会正义的热情。A. differs不同；B. ranges变动，（在一定范围内）变化；C. matters重要；D. varies变化。根据下文“the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance”可知，虽然学术技能在决定谁被选中时“重要”，但重点还是在于学生的毅力等品质。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：荣誉项目的每个组成部分都直接源自于关于如何强烈吸引本科生——尤其是少数族裔学生——的书籍。A. student学生；B. major专业；C. component组成部分；D. college学院。根据下文“of the honors program”可知，此处指的是荣誉项目的每一部分。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. especially尤其；B. intensively深入地，强烈地；C. generally一般地；D. particularly特别地。根据上文“the book on how to engage undergraduates”可知，此处表示这些书籍强烈吸引本科生。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种援助，大多数人无法全日制入学，证据表明，非全日制学生毕业的可能性要小得多。A. passion激情；B. aim目标；C. aid援助；D. initiative倡议。根据上文“The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition.”可知，学生获得的奖学金是一种“援助”。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的社区大学毕业生被录取，这给了刚从高中毕业的18岁学生一个向更有生活经验的同龄人学习的机会。A. stable稳定的；B. certain确定的；C. random随机的；D. growing增长的。根据下文“number of community college graduates are admitted”可知，越来越多的社区大学毕业生被录取，因此此处表示“增长的”数量。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. expectancy期望；B. tragedy悲剧；C. experience经验；D. passion激情。根据上文“community college graduates”可知，社区大学毕业生有更多的生活“经验”。故选C。 Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) （B） Thank you for your interest in becoming a homeowner with Habitat. Habitat is committed to providing qualified households with the opportunity for affordable homeownership. We follow an equal policy of homebuyer selection and are accountable to mortgage (按揭贷款) lending laws. We manage the homeowner selection and approval process at the local level. Qualified homebuyers must be: In need of safe, affordable housing Applicants may be dealing with substandard housing that is poorly built, damaged, or inaccessible due to disabilities. Low-income or moderate-income Household income must not go over 60% of the area average income defined annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Able and willing to pay an affordable mortgage Habitat ensures that the monthly mortgage payments do not go beyond 30% of the homebuyer’s monthly income.  Willing to partner with Habitat Once selected, homebuyers must partner with Habitat throughout the process. This partnership includes performing “sweat equity”, such as conducting construction work on their home or another family’s home, clearing build sites to make way for new construction, writing thank-you cards to local donors and so on. The following is an overview of the homeownership process： Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1: ... Step 2: ... Step 3: ... Step 4: ... Step 5: Homebuyers complete the paperwork for a mortgage, which ends with their signature. Step 6: Once all of the forms are signed and all of the construction is complete, it’s time to move in and celebrate! 36. The main purpose of Habitat is to ______. A. apply for bank loans for those in need of home B. build houses with the help of future homeowners C. offer houses to families with low or moderate income D. enable affordable homeownership for specific families 37. What can be learned from the passage? A. Low-wage workers may have little chance of being selected by Habitat. B. Homebuyers can partner with Habitat by performing construction work. C. Those who want to improve living conditions should become Habitat’s partners. D. That monthly mortgage payment takes 25% of the area average income is acceptable. 38. What is the correct order of the four missing steps in the process? ① Local Habitat staff and volunteers carefully review each family’s application packet and present their recommendations to the local board of directors. ② There are information sessions where potential homeowners can learn about their homeownership program, ask questions and make connections. ③ Habitat staff make a home visit to hear more about a potential future homeowner’s desire to partner with Habitat. ④ If a family feels Habitat’s homeownership program is the right fit for them, they apply locally during an open application period. A. ②④③① B. ②①④③ C. ①④③② D. ①②④③ 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Habitat为符合条件的家庭提供经济适用房所有权机会的相关内容。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Habitat is committed to providing qualified households with the opportunity for affordable homeownership. (Habitat致力于为符合条件的家庭提供负担得起的房屋所有权的机会。)”可知，其目的为符合条件的家庭提供经济适用房所有权的机会，故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据Willing to partner with Habitat中的“Once selected, homebuyers must partner with Habitat throughout the process. This partnership includes performing “sweat equity”, such as conducting construction work on their home or another family’s home, clearing build sites to make way for new construction, writing thank-you cards to local donors and so on. (一旦被选中，购房者必须在整个过程中和Habitat合作。这种伙伴关系包括执行“血汗权益”，例如在他们的家或另一个家庭的家里进行建筑工作，清理建筑工地为新建筑让路，给当地捐助者写感谢卡等等。)”可知，购房者可以通过进行建筑工作与Habitat合作，故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据图片可知首先应该是有信息发布会，让潜在购房者了解项目，所以②“有信息会议，潜在的房主可以了解他们的房屋所有权计划，提出问题并建立联系。”应为第一步；根据图片可知如果家庭觉得合适，就在开放申请期申请，所以④“如果一个家庭觉得Habitat的房屋所有权计划适合他们，他们可以在公开申请期间在当地申请。”应为第二步；根据图片可知接着Habitat工作人员会家访，所以③“Habitat的工作人员进行家访，以更多地了解潜在的未来房主与Habitat合作的愿望。”应是第三步；根据图片可知最后工作人员和志愿者审核申请并提交给董事会，所以①“当地Habitat的工作人员和志愿者仔细审查每个家庭的申请材料，并向当地董事会提交他们的建议。”应是第四步，故选A。 (B) I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. I ended up bathing in the peace and quiet of forest among ancient trees and staying close enough to nearby communities to feel safe. I thought that taking the jump from my comfortable hotel room in the park into the great outdoors was unpleasant at first. However, once I began walking slowly and aimlessly along the Hoh River Trail there and slowing down to observe beautiful sunlight and tiny mushrooms that looked like colorful umbrellas, I felt my breath deepen and my nervous system begin to relax for the first time in a long time. What I want to say is that just because the world seems obviously set up for twosomes doesn’t mean you have to let such a standard keep you from living your dreams right now. Solo travel has made me stronger and braver than I ever thought possible. It has opened up my worldview by throwing me out of my comfort zone again and again. When it comes to living conditions, the national park not only offers 15 campgrounds across its huge area, it’s also home to five other choices for guests who would prefer not to sleep alone inside a tent — the small national park houses. Although I enjoy being alone, I have to admit that one of the coolest things about these small houses is that they are there to strengthen connection among strangers, and as such, there is usually a big fireplace next to excellent armchairs and sofas where guests can move around and make small talks at night. In one small house called Lake Quinault, I talked with grey-haired seniors about the best old-growth forest walks and asked hotel workers about the Roosevelt Dining Room (so named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president during 1933-1945, came to visit), right next door. 39. What made the author avoid visiting Olympic National Park in summer? A. The wish to stay close to communities. B. The likelihood to meet crowds of people. C. The quiet environment in an ancient forest. D. The rough coastlines and the woody beaches. 40. According to paragraph 2, the author thinks that traveling alone can ______. A. keep opening up her worldview B. slow her down in living her dreams C. stop her leaving her comfortable zone D. give her a chance to stay in hotel rooms 41. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Seniors in Lake Quinault are the best forest walkers there. B. The park offers five completely different places to stay in. C. Big fireplaces in houses are meant to strengthen connection. D. The author stayed in a house next door to a famous president. 42. The passage is mainly about ______. A. the author’s love for the Pacific Northwest B. the author’s solo trip to Olympic National Park C. the greatest tourist attractions in Olympic National Park D. the brief comparison between group travel and solo ones 【答案】39. B 40. A 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍作者独自在奥林匹克公园里面的森林旅行的经历和看法。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. (我是太平洋西北部的超级粉丝，那里有明亮的绿色森林、崎岖的海岸线和用木头装饰的海滩，但夏天去顶级国家公园往往会带来与我相反的结果——独自一人——因为大群人都在努力停车和拍照。所以，我最后一次参观奥林匹克国家公园是在9月中旬。)”可知，夏天去顶级国家公园会遇到大量的人群，所以这让作者避免在夏天去奥林匹克国家公园。故选B。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Solo travel has made me stronger and braver than I ever thought possible. It has opened up my worldview by throwing me out of my comfort zone again and again. (独自旅行使我变得比我想象的更坚强、更勇敢。它一次又一次地把我从舒适区抛出去，打开了我的世界观。)”可知，作者认为，独自旅行可以不断地开放她的世界观。故选A。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although I enjoy being alone, I have to admit that one of the coolest things about these small houses is that they are there to strengthen connection among strangers, and as such, there is usually a big fireplace next to excellent armchairs and sofas where guests can move around and make small talks at night. (虽然我喜欢独处，但我不得不承认，这些小房子最酷的一点是，它们可以加强陌生人之间的联系，因此，在出色的扶手椅和沙发旁边通常有一个大壁炉，客人可以在晚上四处走动并进行闲聊。)”可知，房子里的大壁炉可以加强人与人之间的联系。故选C。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. I ended up bathing in the peace and quiet of forest among ancient trees and staying close enough to nearby communities to feel safe. (我是太平洋西北部的超级粉丝，那里有明亮的绿色森林、崎岖的海岸线和用木头装饰的海滩，但夏天去顶级国家公园往往会带来与我相反的结果——独自一人——因为大群人都在努力停车和拍照。所以，我最后一次参观奥林匹克国家公园是在9月中旬。我最终沐浴在古树丛中的宁静森林中，并与附近的社区保持足够的距离，感到安全。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍作者独自在奥林匹克公园里面的森林旅行的经历和看法。故选B。 (C) Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction — and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. 43. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship? A. It is a structure of associations with many people. B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction. C. It places great demands on people. D. It develops gradually over time. 44. Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author’s mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2? A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate. B. Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties. C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance. D. Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant. 45. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups? A. Primary groups consist of people working together while secondary groups exist outside of work settings. B. In primary groups people are seen as means while in secondary groups people are seen as ends. C. Primary groups involve personal relationships while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose. D. Primary groups are generally small while secondary groups often contain more than two people. 46. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍的是社会学中关于人际关系的两种纽带类型——表达性纽带和工具性纽带，以及由此区分的两种群体类型——初级群体和次级群体。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. (当一种交往持续足够长的时间，使两个人通过一套相对稳定的期望联系在一起时，这就被称为关系。)”可知，关系是随着时间逐渐发展起来的。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. (工具性纽带是我们与他人合作以实现某种目标时形成的社会联系。偶尔，这可能意味着与竞争对手合作而非对抗。)”可知，工具性纽带即使在人们通常不会合作的情况下（如与竞争对手合作）也能发展起来。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. (初级群体涉及两个或更多人，他们之间享有直接、亲密、紧密的关系。)”以及“A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. (次级群体涉及两个或更多人，他们处于一种非个人化的关系中，并为特定的实际目的而聚在一起。)”可知，社会学家认为初级群体和次级群体的主要区别在于：初级群体涉及个人关系，而次级群体主要是出于实际目的。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. (有时，初级群体关系会从次级群体关系中发展出来。这在许多工作环境中都会发生。工作中的人们经常与同事发展出亲密关系，因为他们开始分享抱怨、笑话、八卦和满足感。)”可知，即使在次级群体中，频繁的交流也能使人们建立起亲密的关系。 Section C (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Class Clowns Please WANTED: smart, fit and unflappable (临危不乱的) applicants for humanity’s first mission to Mars. Must have: crazy wig, oversized boots and a big red nose. NASA plans to fly astronauts around the moon as part of its preparation for a crewed mission to Mars as early as 2033. A mission to Mars is no easy job. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles from Earth and the travel time one way is around eight months. The distance alone is expected to cause harm to their mental health. Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way. ____47____ The crew are effectively on their own. Jeffery Johnson, an anthropologist at the University of Florida, is now working with NASA to explore whether class clowns are vital for the success of long space missions. Early results suggest they are. “ ____48____ ” said Johnson. “It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission-critical.” Johnson spent four years studying overwintering crews in Antarctica. ____49____ One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock funeral and burial in the tundra. However, nobody ignored his important role in building bridges between researchers and contractors. Historically, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen also appreciated the importance of the expedition clown. In 1910, he picked the large, cheerful chef Adolf Lindstrom for his attempt to reach the South Pole, knowing that Lindstrom’s joie de vivre (生活的乐趣) would relieve the stress of homesickness and the long polar nights. “He has offered greater and more valuable services to the Norwegian polar expedition than any other man,” Amundsen noted in his diary. Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale over the long winter. ____50____ But there is more to it than making people laugh. Being funny won’t be enough for someone to land the job, after all. A. Researchers have found that the success of a future mission to the red planet may depend on the ship having a class clown. B. He found that class clowns in the crew would not mind being joked about. C. In an emergency, there will be no time to call mission control. D. When you are living with others in a very small space for a long period of time, tensions are likely to grow. E. His role was informal, yet critical for maintaining group cohesion in the extreme environment. F. It is enough to make Neil Armstrong, the first astronaut to walk on the Moon, spin in his grave. 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. B 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍NASA为载人火星任务开展研究，发现在长期太空任务中团队里的“活宝”人物十分重要，并且借助南极科考和南极探险的例子印证这类人能缓解压力、维系团队团结。 【47题详解】 上文“Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way.(宇航员还必须面临单程最长达20分钟的通信延迟。)”提到火星任务通讯延迟，后文“The crew are effectively on their own.(机组人员实际上只能依靠自己。)”指出船员基本要完全靠自己。选项C“发生紧急情况时，没有时间呼叫地面任务控制中心。” 承接通信延迟的信息，引出宇航员需要独立应对状况。 【48题详解】 后文“It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely.(必须要有能让所有人和睦相处的人，这样大家才能完成工作，平安往返。)”强调需要有人帮助大家和睦相处保障任务安全。选项D“当你和其他人长时间住在狭小空间内，紧张氛围很容易加剧。” 解释为什么团队中需要有人调和关系，贴合语境。 【49题详解】 上文“Johnson spent four years studying overwintering crews in Antarctica.(约翰逊花四年时间研究南极越冬科考队员。)”说明Johnson研究南极越冬科考队，后文“One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock funeral and burial in the tundra. (他观察到一位孤立的鲑鱼渔民在苔原上经历了一场模拟葬礼和埋葬。)”介绍他观察到的一名渔民被大家开玩笑的事例。选项B“他发现团队里的活宝并不介意被人开玩笑。”承接约翰逊的研究发现，引出下文例子。 【50题详解】 上文“Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale over the long winter.(林德斯特伦很会活跃气氛，帮助大家在漫长寒冬里保持士气。)”提到探险队里的开心果Lindstrom能在漫长冬季维持团队士气，后文“But there is more to it than making people laugh.(但他的价值不只是逗人发笑。)”指出他的作用不止是逗人发笑。选项E“他的角色是非正式的，但在极端环境下对维持团队凝聚力至关重要。” 介绍林德斯特伦的作用，起到承上启下的作用。 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Cosmetic Surgeries Get Extreme Everyone goes through it: poking at the eye bags and the loose skin in the mirror. It’s part of the human condition to fear ageing, but among the 20 and 30 something, there seems to be a heightened anxiety around growing older, coupled with an increasingly casual attitude towards getting Botox (肉毒素，用于除皱）compared with previous generations. In 2022, 27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger, compared with 21% in 2015, according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start. So why are we so desperate to pretend we’re not growing older? For my generation, being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor. It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison. And in a time of economic uncertainty, millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood, so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me. For women, our looks are aesthetic capital after all--and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success. But these treatments often don’t come with warnings; it’s up to the consumer to research potential pitfalls (陷阱). Botched (粗制滥造的)cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise, with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners. Last month, three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin, when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of, which caused understandable alarm worldwide. One friend who loves Botox said to me recently: “I can’t stay 28 for ever, but the aim is to look 28 forever.” I’m trying to reject the message that it’s wrong for women to look their true age. It can be hard to tune out the noise, but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self-doubt, expensive treatments or even regret. I think I’ll stick with the eye bags. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a growing trend for young people to fear getting old and take cosmetic surgeries casually. There are several reasons, including constant comparison with others online, refusing to accept adulthood, and better job and life prospects ensured by beauty. However, some surgeries of low quality will do irreversible damage. Therefore, the author chooses to keep her true looks. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。年轻人害怕变老，随便做整容手术的趋势越来越明显。原因有几个，包括经常在网上和别人比较，拒绝接受成年，以及美貌能保证更好的工作和生活前景。然而，一些低质量的手术会造成不可逆的损伤。因此，作者选择保持她的真实面貌。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①In 2022, 27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger, compared with 21% in 2015, according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start. ②For my generation, being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor. It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison. ③And in a time of economic uncertainty, millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood, so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me. ④For women, our looks are aesthetic capital after all--and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success. ⑤Botched (粗制滥造的) cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise, with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners. Last month, three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin, when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of, which caused understandable alarm worldwide. ⑥It can be hard to tune out the noise, but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self-doubt, expensive treatments or even regret. I think I’ll stick with the eye bags. 2. 缜密构思 将第①要点作为引入，第②、第③、第④、⑤要点整合。总结第⑥要点 3. 遣词造句 ①There is a growing trend that young people fear getting old and take cosmetic surgeries casually. ②There are several reasons, which include constant comparison with others online, refusing to accept adulthood, and better job and life prospects ensured by beauty. ③Nevertheless, some surgeries of low quality will do irreversible damage. ④Consequently, the author chooses to keep her true looks. 【点睛】[高分句型1] There are several reasons, including constant comparison with others online, refusing to accept adulthood, and better job and life prospects ensured by beauty. （运用过去分词作定语） [高分句型2] There is a growing trend for young people to fear getting old and take cosmetic surgeries casually. （运用了there be句型） V. Translation (15’) 52. 在我看来，和人类共同生活在地球上的动物，理应得到我们持续的关心与保护。（coexist）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In my opinion, animals that coexist with humans on the earth deserve our continuous care and protection. 【解析】 【详解】“在我看来”固定表达为in my opinion，为常用句首状语； 提示词coexist为不及物动词，“和……共同生存”固定搭配为coexist with，此处修饰先行词“动物”，用定语从句that coexist with humans on the earth作后置定语；“理应得到”表达为deserve；“持续的关心与保护”表达为continuous care and protection。本句陈述普适性客观观点，用一般现在时，主语animals为复数，从句谓语coexist和主句谓语deserve都用原形。 53. 常言道，学习本质上是一个反复试错的过程，因为任何真正的成功都无法不经反思就一蹴而就。（trial）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As the saying goes, learning is essentially a process of repeated trial and error, because no real success can be achieved overnight without reflection. 【解析】 【详解】本句描述客观真理用一般现在时。“常言道”为固定表达as the saying goes；“一个……的过程”表达为a process of，“试错”表达为trial and error，因此“学习本质上是一个反复试错的过程”表达为learning is essentially a process of repeated trial and error，为主系表句型，动名词作主语；表示“因为”用because引导原因状语从句，“未经反思”表达为without reflection，“任何真正的成功都无法不经反思就一蹴而就”译为no real success can be achieved overnight without reflection。 54. 作为南非首任黑人总统，曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体。（dedicate）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As the first black president of South Africa, Mandela dedicated all his life to promoting the reform cause of South Africa and empowering disadvantaged groups through education. 【解析】 【详解】“作为南非首任黑人总统”表达为as the first black president of South Africa，作句首状语；“毕生致力于”对应固定搭配dedicate one’s life to (doing) sth，此处to为介词；“推动南非的改革事业”表达为promote the reform cause of South Africa；“赋能弱势群体”表达为empower disadvantaged groups；“通过教育”表达为through education，作方式状语。曼德拉为已故历史人物，描述其生平事迹用一般过去时，故dedicate变为过去式dedicated；and连接的两个并列动作跟在介词to后，均变为动名词promoting、empowering。 55. 很多人想当然地认为，那些占用青少年课余时间的志愿活动，会对他们本该专注的学业造成无法弥补的干扰。（assume）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Many people assume that the volunteer activities which take up teenagers’ after-school time will cause irreparable interference to the studies they are supposed to focus on. 【解析】 【详解】“想当然地认为”表达为assume，符合题干指定用词要求，assume本身含“未经证实就假定、想当然认为”的语义。“占用课余时间”表达为take up teenagers’ after-school time。“本该专注”表达为be supposed to focus on，be supposed to do固定结构表“本该做某事”，focus on是固定短语“专注于”。“无法弥补的干扰”表达为irreparable interference，形容词irreparable修饰名词interference。主句“很多人认为”是客观普遍的现状，用一般现在时；“会造成干扰”是推测的未来结果，用一般将来时；定语从句which take up teenagers’ after-school time和they are supposed to focus on分别修饰“志愿活动”与“学业”，表述客观事实用一般现在时。 VI. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是启明中学李华，学生会校报栏目正在讨论中学生做志愿者的现象：一部分同学认为做志愿服务浪费学习时间，另一部分同学认为收获很大。请你写信给学生会谈谈你的看法，信件内容包含： 1. 简述你对志愿服务的观点； 2. 阐述你的观点的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Students’ Union, I’m writing to share my opinion on whether middle school students should take part in volunteer work. As far as I’m concerned, volunteering is rewarding and never a waste of our precious study time. Firstly, volunteer activities help us develop valuable qualities like responsibility and teamwork, which we can hardly gain from textbooks. When we offer help to people in need, our communication skills are also greatly improved. Besides, volunteering allows us to get closer to society and learn to be more caring. Admittedly, it takes some time, but as long as we make a practical plan, we can perfectly balance volunteer tasks and schoolwork. From my own experience, small volunteer work brings unexpected growth. Therefore, I hope more classmates can try it and benefit from it. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写信给学生会，简述你对志愿服务的观点以及阐述你的观点的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in → participate in/get involved in 养成：develop → cultivate 任务：task → assignment 意外的：unexpected → unanticipated 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, volunteering allows us to get closer to society and learn to be more caring. 拓展句：Besides, volunteering allows us to get closer to society, which helps us learn to be more caring. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to share my opinion on whether middle school students should take part in volunteer work.（运用了whether引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Admittedly, it takes some time, but as long as we make a practical plan, we can perfectly balance volunteer tasks and schoolwork.（运用了as long as引导条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 东华附高2026学年第一学期10月阶段学情调研 高二英语 出卷人 高二英语组 审卷人 高二英语组 考试时间：120分钟 满分：140分 注意事项： 1. 答卷前考生务必将学校、自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A student. B. A journalist. C. A policewoman. D. A waitress. 2. A. In Washington. B. In Shanghai. C. In Singapore. D. In Spain. 3 A. To a bookstore. B. To a furniture shop. C. To an art school. D. To a clothing store. 4. A. The man stayed up to prepare for the test. B. The man went back home late last night. C. The man didn’t study hard during the day. D. The man hired a tutor for Biology learning. 5. A She prefers to eat at home. B. She dislikes Japanese food. C. She wants to pay for the meal. D. She plans to order the food. 6. A. Go to the front of the line. B. Apologize to the woman. C. Accept the woman’s apology. D. Let the woman go ahead of him. 7. A. She can speak English very fast. B. She has no time to learn English. C. Her spoken English is still not good. D. Her memory for English expressions is good. 8. The speech was not worth listening to. B. The speaker didn’t speak loud enough. C. The speaker was too far away from him. D. The speech was too difficult to understand. 9. A. The strawberries are not fresh enough. B. Fruit is not allowed before lunch time. C. There are plenty of strawberries on the table. D. The strawberries will be served during lunch. 10. A. The man should take a seat in the front. B The man’s glasses are too weak. C. The man should wear his glasses in class. D. The man’s glasses are out of fashion. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The use of the leap year. B. The inventor of the leap year. C. The change of the leap year. D. The mystery of the leap year. 12. A. To celebrate the birth of Julius Caesar. B. To even out an astronomical year. C. To make the calendar match Earth’s orbit. D. To let the calendar become more unique. 13. A. A leap year is divisible by 100. B A leap year often seemed full of troubles. C. Every century year is a leap year. D. The latest century-year leap year was 2000. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of using paper bags. B. The issues of plastic alternatives. C. The process of making eco-friendly packing. D. The advantages of using glass bottles. 15. A. Boosted decomposition rates in nature. B. Lower cost and energy efficiency. C. Elevated material and production-expenses. D. Total absence of environmental impact. 16. A. They require much water to produce. B. They have lower energy footprint. C. They need no tree cutting for production. D. They break down in special facilities. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The number of tourists on the island B. Renting bikes and motorbikes on the island. C. The popularity of the island with tourists. D. Different ways of getting around the island. 18. A. To exercise on her vacation. B. To teach her friends how to ride a bike. C. To practice her driving skills: D. To explore the island during her holiday. 19. A. An entire day. B. Half a day. C. Two hours. D. No time limit. 20. A. 12 years old. B. 14 years old. C. 16 years old. D. 18 years old. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname ____1____ reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness ____2____ people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process ____3____ (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is ____4____ life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub ____5____ talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) ____6____ (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around ____7____: the feeling that you’re welcome, ____8____you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each ____9____ (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you ____10____ hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.addressing B. boundaries C. generative D. initially E. remove F. approved G. aboriginally H. released I. sample J. overtake K. traffic The exploration of vast space, the manipulation of genes for medical treatment, the growth of green technology, the advancement of AI… Science and technology know no ____11____. What wonders await in 2025? Space “____12____” this year will be no less busy than in 2024, with global space agencies pursuing ambitious goals. China launched its first mission of the year on Jan 7 with a Long March 3B rocket. The country’s 2025 plan also includes Shenzhou manned missions and Tianzhou cargo missions to the Tiangong space station, along with the Tianwen‑2 mission to ____13____ a near‑Earth asteroid. The US plans to conduct several lunar missions with companies like Intuitive Machines, and SpaceX’s Starship hopes to complete 25 test flights throughout the year. Additionally, a collaboration between China and the European Union will see the launch of the SMILE satellite to study the interaction between solar wind and Earth’s magnetic field, enhancing our understanding of the Sun‑Earth relationship. Genome editing, or gene editing, will continue to inspire enthusiasm in 2025. It comprises a group of technologies that allow scientists to add, ____14____ or alter genetic materials at particular locations on the long stretches of DNA of living beings, including humans. In this way, certain diseases, like cancer and diabetes, can be treated by ____15____ their root causes rather than relying on medication or surgery. One of the most popular tools is CRISPR, “genetic scissors” that won Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna the Nobel Prize in 2020. The first CRISPR treatment, Casgevy, was ____16____ in the UK and the US in 2023 for two blood disorders. Over 30 CRISPR trials were ongoing worldwide by October 2024, and more are expected this year. Last year was the hottest on record, highlighting the significance of green technology in 2025. One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves separating CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are ____17____ into the atmosphere, and transporting the CO₂ to an underground location to be stored. CCS projects are now storing about 45 million tons of CO₂ yearly, roughly equal to the emissions of 10 million cars. In 2025, Norway will complete Europe’s first full‑scale CCS project, and the UK will invest around 160 billion yuan in similar projects. The growth of clean energy continues, with wind and solar power expected to ____18____ coal in electricity generation. Tech giants like Google and Microsoft are also turning to nuclear energy to power their AI data centers. Generative AI like ChatGPT brought major changes in 2024. In 2025, AI agents that can sense and make decisions independently will be a top technology trend, predicts the US firm Gartner. By 2028, these AI agents will likely be handling 15 percent of day‑to‑day work decisions, said the firm. Unlike ____19____ AI, which creates content based on prompts, agentic AI is proactive and solves complex problems on its own. AI agents _____20_____ will handle routine tasks like filling reports. Eventually, they will manage systems independently. For example, an app‑based agent can plan your vacation by booking flights, hotels and restaurants, remembering your preferences. III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____21____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____22____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery. These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college. ____23____, they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____24____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties, rather than ____25____. Across the United States, the continuous drive for reputation has generated the ____26____ in the number of honors colleges. Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council. Among them, it is usually a brilliant idea for an institution to ____27____ applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college, which promises the intimate feel of a small college within a(n) ____28____ state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand. However, things are ____29____ at the Honors Living-Learning Community, which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs. Their high-school grades and SAT scores are lower than the campus average. While academic skill ____30____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice. Every ____31____ of the honors program comes straight from the book on how to engage undergraduates ____32____, and minority students in particular. The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition. Without this _____33_____, most couldn’t enroll full-time, and evidence shows that part-time students are far less likely to graduate. A ____34____ number of community college graduates are admitted, which gives 18-year-olds, fresh out of high school, an opportunity to learn from peers with more life ____35____. 21. A. graduated B. abandoned C. prohibited D. suspended 22. A. reading B. serving C. passing D. escaping 23. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Instead D. Similarly 24. A. faulty B. smooth C. meaningful D. interesting 25. A. social experience B. family backgrounds C. academic performance D. human relationships 26. A. pursuit B. explosion C. exploit D. progress 27. A. tempt B. enroll C. introduce D. cultivate 28. A. remote B. public C. packed D. outstanding 29. A. difficult B. different C. discouraging D. disturbing 30. A. differs B. ranges C. matters D. varies 31. A. student B. major C. component D. college 32. A. especially B. intensively C. generally D. particularly 33. A. passion B. aim C. aid D. initiative 34. A. stable B. certain C. random D. growing 35. A. expectancy B. tragedy C. experience D. passion Section B (22’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) （B） Thank you for your interest in becoming a homeowner with Habitat. Habitat is committed to providing qualified households with the opportunity for affordable homeownership. We follow an equal policy of homebuyer selection and are accountable to mortgage (按揭贷款) lending laws. We manage the homeowner selection and approval process at the local level. Qualified homebuyers must be: In need of safe, affordable housing Applicants may be dealing with substandard housing that is poorly built, damaged, or inaccessible due to disabilities. Low-income or moderate-income Household income must not go over 60% of the area average income defined annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Able and willing to pay an affordable mortgage Habitat ensures that the monthly mortgage payments do not go beyond 30% of the homebuyer’s monthly income.  Willing to partner with Habitat Once selected, homebuyers must partner with Habitat throughout the process. This partnership includes performing “sweat equity”, such as conducting construction work on their home or another family’s home, clearing build sites to make way for new construction, writing thank-you cards to local donors and so on. The following is an overview of the homeownership process： Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1: ... Step 2: ... Step 3: ... Step 4: ... Step 5: Homebuyers complete the paperwork for a mortgage, which ends with their signature. Step 6: Once all of the forms are signed and all of the construction is complete, it’s time to move in and celebrate! 36. The main purpose of Habitat is to ______. A. apply for bank loans for those in need of home B. build houses with the help of future homeowners C. offer houses to families with low or moderate income D. enable affordable homeownership for specific families 37. What can be learned from the passage? A. Low-wage workers may have little chance of being selected by Habitat. B. Homebuyers can partner with Habitat by performing construction work. C. Those who want to improve living conditions should become Habitat’s partners. D. That monthly mortgage payment takes 25% of the area average income is acceptable. 38. What is the correct order of the four missing steps in the process? ① Local Habitat staff and volunteers carefully review each family’s application packet and present their recommendations to the local board of directors. ② There are information sessions where potential homeowners can learn about their homeownership program, ask questions and make connections. ③ Habitat staff make a home visit to hear more about a potential future homeowner’s desire to partner with Habitat. ④ If a family feels Habitat’s homeownership program is the right fit for them, they apply locally during an open application period. A. ②④③① B. ②①④③ C. ①④③② D. ①②④③ (B) I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. I ended up bathing in the peace and quiet of forest among ancient trees and staying close enough to nearby communities to feel safe. I thought that taking the jump from my comfortable hotel room in the park into the great outdoors was unpleasant at first. However, once I began walking slowly and aimlessly along the Hoh River Trail there and slowing down to observe beautiful sunlight and tiny mushrooms that looked like colorful umbrellas, I felt my breath deepen and my nervous system begin to relax for the first time in a long time. What I want to say is that just because the world seems obviously set up for twosomes doesn’t mean you have to let such a standard keep you from living your dreams right now. Solo travel has made me stronger and braver than I ever thought possible. It has opened up my worldview by throwing me out of my comfort zone again and again. When it comes to living conditions, the national park not only offers 15 campgrounds across its huge area, it’s also home to five other choices for guests who would prefer not to sleep alone inside a tent — the small national park houses. Although I enjoy being alone, I have to admit that one of the coolest things about these small houses is that they are there to strengthen connection among strangers, and as such, there is usually a big fireplace next to excellent armchairs and sofas where guests can move around and make small talks at night. In one small house called Lake Quinault, I talked with grey-haired seniors about the best old-growth forest walks and asked hotel workers about the Roosevelt Dining Room (so named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president during 1933-1945, came to visit), right next door. 39. What made the author avoid visiting Olympic National Park in summer? A. The wish to stay close to communities. B. The likelihood to meet crowds of people. C. The quiet environment in an ancient forest. D. The rough coastlines and the woody beaches. 40. According to paragraph 2, the author thinks that traveling alone can ______. A. keep opening up her worldview B. slow her down in living her dreams C. stop her leaving her comfortable zone D. give her a chance to stay in hotel rooms 41. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Seniors in Lake Quinault are the best forest walkers there. B. The park offers five completely different places to stay in. C. Big fireplaces in houses are meant to strengthen connection. D. The author stayed in a house next door to a famous president. 42. The passage is mainly about ______. A. the author’s love for the Pacific Northwest B. the author’s solo trip to Olympic National Park C. the greatest tourist attractions in Olympic National Park D. the brief comparison between group travel and solo ones (C) Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction — and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions. 43. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship? A. It is a structure of associations with many people. B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction. C. It places great demands on people. D. It develops gradually over time. 44. Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author’s mention of working with competitors in paragraph 2? A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not cooperate. B. Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties. C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance. D. Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant. 45. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups? A. Primary groups consist of people working together while secondary groups exist outside of work settings. B. In primary groups people are seen as means while in secondary groups people are seen as ends. C. Primary groups involve personal relationships while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose. D. Primary groups are generally small while secondary groups often contain more than two people. 46. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 3 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships? A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships. B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship. C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society. D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships. Section C (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Class Clowns Please WANTED: smart, fit and unflappable (临危不乱的) applicants for humanity’s first mission to Mars. Must have: crazy wig, oversized boots and a big red nose. NASA plans to fly astronauts around the moon as part of its preparation for a crewed mission to Mars as early as 2033. A mission to Mars is no easy job. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles from Earth and the travel time one way is around eight months. The distance alone is expected to cause harm to their mental health. Astronauts must also face a time delay in communications of up to 20 minutes each way. ____47____ The crew are effectively on their own. Jeffery Johnson, an anthropologist at the University of Florida, is now working with NASA to explore whether class clowns are vital for the success of long space missions. Early results suggest they are. “ ____48____ ” said Johnson. “It’s vital that you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so that they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission-critical.” Johnson spent four years studying overwintering crews in Antarctica. ____49____ One isolated salmon fisherman he observed endured a mock funeral and burial in the tundra. However, nobody ignored his important role in building bridges between researchers and contractors. Historically, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen also appreciated the importance of the expedition clown. In 1910, he picked the large, cheerful chef Adolf Lindstrom for his attempt to reach the South Pole, knowing that Lindstrom’s joie de vivre (生活的乐趣) would relieve the stress of homesickness and the long polar nights. “He has offered greater and more valuable services to the Norwegian polar expedition than any other man,” Amundsen noted in his diary. Lindstrom was a great entertainer who helped keep up spirits and morale over the long winter. ____50____ But there is more to it than making people laugh. Being funny won’t be enough for someone to land the job, after all. A. Researchers have found that the success of a future mission to the red planet may depend on the ship having a class clown. B. He found that class clowns in the crew would not mind being joked about. C. In an emergency, there will be no time to call mission control. D. When you are living with others in a very small space for a long period of time, tensions are likely to grow. E. His role was informal, yet critical for maintaining group cohesion in the extreme environment. F. It is enough to make Neil Armstrong, the first astronaut to walk on the Moon, spin in his grave. 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Cosmetic Surgeries Get Extreme Everyone goes through it: poking at the eye bags and the loose skin in the mirror. It’s part of the human condition to fear ageing, but among the 20 and 30 something, there seems to be a heightened anxiety around growing older, coupled with an increasingly casual attitude towards getting Botox (肉毒素，用于除皱）compared with previous generations. In 2022, 27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger, compared with 21% in 2015, according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start. So why are we so desperate to pretend we’re not growing older? For my generation, being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor. It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison. And in a time of economic uncertainty, millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood, so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me. For women, our looks are aesthetic capital after all--and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success. But these treatments often don’t come with warnings; it’s up to the consumer to research potential pitfalls (陷阱). Botched (粗制滥造的)cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise, with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners. Last month, three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin, when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of, which caused understandable alarm worldwide. One friend who loves Botox said to me recently: “I can’t stay 28 for ever, but the aim is to look 28 forever.” I’m trying to reject the message that it’s wrong for women to look their true age. It can be hard to tune out the noise, but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self-doubt, expensive treatments or even regret. I think I’ll stick with the eye bags. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (15’) 52. 在我看来，和人类共同生活在地球上的动物，理应得到我们持续的关心与保护。（coexist）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 53. 常言道，学习本质上是一个反复试错的过程，因为任何真正的成功都无法不经反思就一蹴而就。（trial）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 54. 作为南非首任黑人总统，曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体。（dedicate）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 55. 很多人想当然地认为，那些占用青少年课余时间的志愿活动，会对他们本该专注的学业造成无法弥补的干扰。（assume）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是启明中学李华，学生会校报栏目正在讨论中学生做志愿者的现象：一部分同学认为做志愿服务浪费学习时间，另一部分同学认为收获很大。请你写信给学生会谈谈你的看法，信件内容包含： 1. 简述你对志愿服务的观点； 2. 阐述你的观点的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $