专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（学考真题汇编， 全国通用）2027年高中英语

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2025·广东·学业水平合格考）Do you know why different animals or insects (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors are used mainly for protecting themselves. Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but they cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But when the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人), This is because they have the colors much like the trees. A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid is around, its enemies (敌人) can’t find it. And it runs away at once. So it has lived for millions of years though it is not strong at all. 1.Why do different animals or insects have their special colors? A. Because they want to protect themselves. B. Because they want to attract enemies C. Because they like changing colors. D. Because they like different colors. 2.When crops are green, locusts look A. red B. brown C. green D. black 3.What do insects with different colors from plants do to protect themselves? A. They appear in the day and hide at night. B. They hide in the day and appear at night. C. They hide themselves day and night. D. They move quietly. 4.Why has the fish lived for millions of years? A. Because it is strong. B. Because it has the same color as the sea. C. Because it can change its color when in danger. D. Because it can send out a kind of liquid and run away when in danger. 5.What can we learn from the passage? A. Some birds can easily catch locusts B. When the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color. C. Bears and lions can be easily seen by hunters. D. While the black liquid is around, enemies can find the fish 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同动物和昆虫有特殊颜色的原因，主要是为了保护自己，并通过举例蝗虫、一些与植物颜色不同的昆虫、熊和狮子以及一种鱼来说明这一观点。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Do you know why different animals or insects have their special colors? Colors are used mainly for protecting themselves. (你知道为什么不同的动物或昆虫有它们特殊的颜色吗？颜色主要用来保护自己。)”可知，不同动物或昆虫有特殊颜色主要是为了保护自己，故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When crops are green, locusts look green. (当庄稼是绿色时，蝗虫看起来是绿色的。)”可知，当庄稼是绿色时，蝗虫看起来是绿色的，故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night. (其他一些与植物颜色不同的昆虫很容易被天敌发现和吃掉。所以它们不得不在白天躲起来，只在晚上出现。)”可知，与植物颜色不同的昆虫白天隐藏自己，晚上才出现，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid is around, its enemies (敌人) can’t find it. And it runs away at once. So it has lived for millions of years though it is not strong at all. (海里有一种鱼在遇到危险的时候会发出一种非常黑的液体。当液体在周围时，它的敌人找不到它。它立刻跑掉了。所以它已经活了几百万年，虽然它一点也不强壮。)”可知，这种鱼能存活数百万年是因为它在面临危险时能释放出一种黑色液体，趁敌人找不到它时逃跑，故选D。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But when the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. (但当收获季节到来时，蝗虫会变成和庄稼一样的棕色。)”可知，当收获季节到来时，蝗虫会变成和庄稼一样的棕色。故选B。 Passage 2 （2026·北京·学业水平合格考）Have you ever met someone new and felt a little nervous about how they feel about you? If you have, you are not the only one. When we meet someone new, we often think we like them more than they like us back. This gap(差异) between how much we like others and think others like us is called a liking gap. The first study that discovered the liking gap was done with adults. Researchers invited college students to a research laboratory where they chatted with another person they did not know. Afterwards, they were asked separately how much they liked this other person and how much they thought the other person liked them back. Most students said they liked the other person, but thought the other person liked them less. Even more surprising was that the liking gap stuck around even after the people got to know each other. They also tested groups of children from 4 to 11 years old and found even children experience this liking gap, but it only starts around age 5. At this age, the liking gap is still small. it gets bigger as children get older, probably because they start to better understand that what they do influences what others think of them. Why do we have a liking gap? One idea comes from the research on children. At the age of 5,children also start to worry about their reputation (名誉) ,which causes them to think about things like ” Do they want to be my friends? Do they want to hang out with me?“ Another idea is that when we are talking to other people, we have to think so much about what we do and say that we forget to pay attention to how others are reacting to us. We are therefore often not sure about how the things we do or say make other people feel. So, if you sometimes feel that others like you less than you like them back, there is no reason to panic. in fact, the other person likely enjoys hanging out with you just as much as you do, or perhaps even more! 1.What does the underlined phrase “stuck around” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Closed. B. Appeared. C. Narrowed. D. Existed. 2.When do people start experiencing a liking gap? A. At the age of 4. B. Around the age of 5. C. From the age of 11. D. After becoming adults. 3.We have a liking gap probably because__________. A. we are likely to panic. B. we focus on our social skills. C. we avoid chatting with strangers. D. we take little notice of others’ reactions. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“喜欢差距”这一现象，包括其定义、相关研究结果及产生原因。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Most students said they liked the other person, but thought the other person liked them less. Even more surprising was that the liking gap stuck around even after the people got to know each other.(大多数学生说他们喜欢对方，但认为对方没那么喜欢自己。更令人惊讶的是，即使在人们相互了解之后，这种喜欢差距仍然stuck around。)”可知，即使在人们相互了解之后，差距还是存在。“stuck around”意为“存在”，与“Existed”同义。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They also tested groups of children from 4 to 11 years old and found even children experience this liking gap, but it only starts around age 5.(他们还测试了4到11岁的几组儿童，发现即使是儿童也会经历这种喜欢差距，但这种差距大约从5岁开始出现。)”可知，人们大约从5岁开始经历喜欢差距。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Another idea is that when we are talking to other people, we have to think so much about what we do and say that we forget to pay attention to how others are reacting to us.(另一种观点是，当我们与他人交谈时，我们会过多地思考自己的言行，以至于忘记关注他人对我们的反应。)”可知，产生喜欢差距可能是因为我们很少注意他人的反应。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Imagine walking halfway around Australia as a kid… well, this year you can do just that. Kids News is calling on schools to host a walkathon (徒步马拉松) in May to see if schoolchildren can work together and actually walk the distance from at least Adelaide to Brisbane. That’s about 2,500 km if you walked through Melbourne and Sydney, which is a really long way. But if enough schools join in, it’s possible. It’s part of Kids News’ Health of the Nation campaign, which aims to get Australian kids moving in 2024 and thinking about ways to improve their health. Sam Wood, a famous fitness trainer, believes kids who walk regularly in their childhood — whether to school each day or around the park with the family dog — are setting themselves up for an active adulthood where walking becomes a habit in their daily routine. “People think it doesn’t make you fit, but they’re wrong,” Wood said. “If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health.” 1.Why is Kids News calling on schools to host a walkathon? A. To measure the distance between two cities. B. To visit different places in the country. C. To encourage students to move more. D. To help students with their lessons. 2.What benefit can children get from walking regularly in their childhood? A. Becoming active teachers. B. Developing social abilities. C. Making more friends. D. Forming a good habit. 3.What does Sam Wood think of walking in the last paragraph? A. Convenient. B. Tiring. C. Tough. D. Painful. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The longer you walk, the fitter you are. B. It’s necessary to walk at least 60 minutes a day. C. Walking brings both physical and mental benefits. D. It’s better to walk during daytime than in the evening. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍《儿童新闻》发起的校园徒步马拉松活动，旨在鼓励澳大利亚儿童多运动，并阐述步行对身心健康的益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It’s part of Kids News’ Health of the Nation campaign, which aims to get Australian kids moving in 2024 and thinking about ways to improve their health. (这是《儿童新闻》“国民健康”活动的一部分，该活动旨在让澳大利亚儿童在2024年多运动，并思考改善健康的方法。)”可知，《儿童新闻》号召学校举办徒步马拉松是为了鼓励学生多运动。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sam Wood, a famous fitness trainer, believes kids who walk regularly in their childhood — whether to school each day or around the park with the family dog — are setting themselves up for an active adulthood where walking becomes a habit in their daily routine. (著名健身教练山姆·伍德认为，童年时期有规律步行的孩子——无论是每天步行上学，还是和家里的狗在公园散步——都能为积极的成年生活打下基础，让步行成为日常生活中的一种习惯。)”可知，儿童时期规律步行能让孩子养成良好的习惯。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long (如果你正在寻找一项可以随时随地进行的运动，那就出去走走吧。步行不必太快，也不必持续太久)”可知，山姆·伍德认为步行是一项方便易行的运动。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health. (步行不一定要速度快，也不一定要持续很久。步行的一大好处在于，无论你是一次性走60分钟，还是一天内分6次各走10分钟，获得的益处都是相同的。这种运动对我们的身体健康和心理健康都大有裨益。)”可知，最后一段的主旨是步行对身心都有益处。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）If you have fallen into a sleep schedule (时间表) that’s negatively affecting your body clock, what can you do? Try taking these steps to get your sleep patterns and body clock back to normal. Have a regular schedule Fight against the desire to get up late. Get up at the same time each day, and stick to that schedule on weekends. Once you’ve established a regular schedule, you’ll be able to fall asleep and wake up more easily. Exercise Exercise may increase production of melatonin (褪黑激素), and increased melatonin production can make it easier to fall asleep. Exercise also helps your body’s other systems stay in line with your body clock. Keep naps (打盹) short Napping can impact your body clock by making it harder to fall asleep at night. If you need to take a nap, limit it to 30 minutes or less and try to nap before 3:00 p. m. Limit light before bed Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. Blue light from electronic devices like smartphones sends signals to your brain that it’s time to be awake. Having trouble getting up in the morning or staying up later than you want is a common problem. But if you follow these steps, you’ll get your body clock back on track in no time! 1.Who is the passage intended for? A. People with wrong body clock. B. Over-users of smartphones. C. Poor time-management people. D. Lazy people doing no exercise. 2.What is the function of increased melatonin production? A. To refresh the brain. B. To increase heart rate. C. To help fall asleep. D. To strengthen muscles. 3.How long should a nap be? A. As long as possible. B. More than 30 minutes. C. As short as possible. D. At most half an hour. 4.Which of the following may prevent you from sleeping before bedtime? A. Reading print books. B. Using smartphones. C. Chatting with parents. D. Listening to music. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四种调整睡眠规律、恢复生物钟正常运转的方法，包括规律作息、坚持运动、控制午睡时长和睡前避免强光。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you have fallen into a sleep schedule (时间表) that’s negatively affecting your body clock, what can you do? Try taking these steps to get your sleep patterns and body clock back to normal. (如果你陷入了对生物钟产生负面影响的睡眠规律，该怎么办？不妨尝试以下方法，让你的睡眠模式和生物钟恢复正常。)”可知，本文的目标读者是生物钟紊乱的人群。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Exercise部分中的“Exercise may increase production of melatonin (褪黑激素), and increased melatonin production can make it easier to fall asleep. (运动可能会促进褪黑激素的分泌，而褪黑激素分泌量的增加有助于人们更轻松地入睡。)”可知，褪黑激素分泌增加的作用是帮助入睡。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Keep naps (打盹) short部分中的“If you need to take a nap, limit it to 30 minutes or less and try to nap before 3:00 p. m. (如果你需要午睡，请将时长控制在30分钟以内，且尽量在下午3点前完成午睡。)”可知，午睡时长最多不能超过半小时。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Limit light before bed部分中的“Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. Blue light from electronic devices like smartphones sends signals to your brain that it’s time to be awake. (改掉睡前刷社交媒体的习惯。智能手机等电子设备发出的蓝光会向大脑发送信号，让大脑认为此时应该保持清醒。)”可知，睡前使用智能手机可能会阻碍入睡。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Have you ever been in a sports field when the crowd is so loud that it shakes the structure of the stands (看台)? Have you ever thought of using the loud noise? When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source. Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children’s screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy. To test her theory, she built a 22x12-inch size model of a typical sports field. She then played sounds at either 70 decibels (分贝) or 100 decibels like the noise in the sports field. The experiment’s equipment wasn’t good enough, unfortunately, and the amounts of electricity gathered were small. Lily found that with more advanced equipment and on a larger size, enough power could be produced. Lily says, “Turning sound into electrical energy makes a great contribution to reducing the energy use of a typical sports field. In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity, contributing to the energy needs of city development. Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy, thus reducing their total energy consumption (消耗).” 1.What really inspired Lily to turn sound into energy? A. A science experiment. B. A movie called Monsters, Inc. C. A basketball match. D. A visit to a sports field. 2.What was the purpose of Lily’s experiment? A. To make noise in the sports field. B. To test how loudly crowds can shout. C. To find more advanced equipment. D. To prove noises can be changed into electricity. 3.Where might Lily’s idea be applied? A. Schools and libraries. B. Factories and busy streets. C. Gardens and hotels. D. Cinemas and museums. 4.Which of the following best describes Lily? A. Curious and creative. B. Honest and confident. C. Brave and responsible. D. Careful and generous. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述高中生莉莉受电影启发，尝试将噪音转化为电能的探索过程及应用前景。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. (米莉·闵受到了皮克斯电影《怪兽电力公司》的启发)”可知，启发莉莉将声音转化为能量的是电影《怪兽电力公司》。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To test her theory, she built a 22x12-inch size model of a typical sports field. (为了验证她的理论，她制作了一个典型运动场的22×12英寸的模型)”以及第二段“she even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy (她甚至设计了一个可以将噪音转化为可用能源的收集系统)”可知，莉莉做实验的目的是证明噪音可以被转化为电能。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity (此外，在交通繁忙的城市，汽车、公交车等交通工具产生的巨大噪音可以用来发电)”和“Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy (许多经常有持续噪音的工厂，可以捕捉这些声音并将其转化为电能)”可知，莉莉的想法可以应用在工厂和繁忙街道。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文并根据第一段“When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source.(来自莱克查尔斯的高中生米莉・闵在体育馆观看 NBA 比赛时，突发奇想：能否把现场的喧闹声转化为一种能源呢？)”以及第二段“Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children’s screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy.(米莉・闵受到了皮克斯动画电影《怪兽电力公司》的启发。影片中，两只怪兽利用孩子们的尖叫声为怪兽世界提供电力能源。她甚至还设计出了一套收集系统，这套系统有望将噪音转化为可用能源)”可知，莉莉在看篮球赛时产生将噪音转化为能源的想法，还受电影启发设计收集系统、制作模型做实验，这体现出她富有好奇心和创造力。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Children with parents who allow them to take more risks while playing are more likely to reach the recommended levels of exercise, a new study by Coventry University has found. The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. However, the study revealed that children of parents with more relaxed attitudes towards adventurous play were around three times more likely to meet the Australian and UK’s guidelines to get in an hour a day of “huff and puff” (气喘吁吁) exercise. “Obviously, parents don’t want to see their children pick up serious injuries, but evidence (证据) suggests that most play injuries are not serious, and the potential rewards of risky experiences are great,” says Alethea Jerebine, a researcher at Coventry University. “We know that through taking risks at play, children learn about what they can and can’t do, build confidence and independence, as well as learn to manage risk and keep themselves safe.” “It’s important for children to develop their understanding of risk from an early age, and build these skills gradually increasingly.” With the health benefits so obvious, a few small injuries along the way seems like a fair exchange. 1.What does the Coventry University study show? A. Schools lack sports facilities. B. Kids are angry at their parents. C. Most kids are over-protected. D. Lots of exercise is unfit for kids. 2.What would most Australian parents do concerning their children? A. Encourage them to climb trees. B. Let them play-fight with others. C. Allow them to ride fast down the hills. D. Limit their adventurous activities. 3.Which is one of the potential rewards of risky experiences for children? A. Avoiding difficult exercise. B. Taking risks without their parents. C. Learning to manage risk. D. Treating their own injuries. 4.When should kids start to develop their understanding of risk? A. From senior high school. B. From an early age. C. From junior high school. D. From adulthood. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了考文垂大学的研究发现：父母允许孩子在玩耍时多冒险，孩子更易达到建议运动量。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. (该研究发现，在澳大利亚的645名父母中，有78%的人不喜欢孩子在玩耍时冒险，并且会限制孩子爬树、骑自行车冲下坡、和别人打闹等活动)”可知，大部分父母会限制孩子的冒险类玩耍行为，由此推知，多数孩子都处于被过度保护的状态。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. (该研究发现，在澳大利亚的645名父母中，有78%的人不喜欢孩子在玩耍时冒险，并且会限制孩子爬树、骑自行车冲下坡、和别人打闹等活动)”可知，大多数澳大利亚父母会限制孩子的冒险类活动。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We know that through taking risks at play, children learn about what they can and can’t do, build confidence and independence, as well as learn to manage risk and keep themselves safe. (我们知道，孩子在玩耍中冒险，能学会分辨自己能做和不能做的事，建立自信和独立性，还能学会管理风险、保护自身安全)”可知，孩子进行冒险体验的潜在益处之一是学会管理风险。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It’s important for children to develop their understanding of risk from an early age, and build these skills gradually increasingly. (对孩子来说，从小培养风险意识、循序渐进地掌握相关技能十分重要)”可知，孩子应该从幼年时期就开始培养对风险的认知。故选B项。 Passage 7 （2024·辽宁·学业水平合格考）Winters in Norway can be long and dark, with very little sunlight. But winter can be one of the most exciting times to visit, especially for music lovers. The annual Ice Music Festival celebrates the sounds of winter. At the festival, held in the small mountain town of Geilo, world-class musicians play frozen instruments in a musical band unlike any other. The first Ice Music Festival took place in 2006, but its director, Terje Isungset, had been making instruments from ice since 1999. Terje, a creative musician known for using natural elements in his instruments, described discovering the capability to create sound with ice as “art by accident”. Once he learned of the different sounds produced with ice, he began experimenting with a variety of instruments, including harps (竖琴) and horns (小号). In 2005 he published All Ice Records, a record of ice-only music. It’s the instruments that make the Ice Music Festival unique. The process of creating them begins at a lake near Geilo. Here the ice is clean and pure, perfect for making music. The ice must be natural. Man-made ice does not produce the same sound. Workers cut 272 kg blocks of ice from the lake and transport them back to town. Next, ice sculptor (雕塑家) Bill Covitz works alongside the musicians for hours to create instruments. Bill carves individual parts of each instrument, then uses water as glue to hold the parts together. Working with ice creates new challenges for the musicians. The ice instruments are much more fragile than regular instruments. And performers can’t play familiar songs because they don’t know what sounds the ice instruments will make. “You cannot go on stage and expect a certain sound. You have to play with the sound that the instrument actually can make. And then try to create good music out of this,” says Terje. Perhaps the biggest challenge, though, is being sure that the instruments don’t melt (融化)! The musicians’ body heat may cause damage to the instruments, especially for horn players who are blowing warm air right into the ice! Despite the challenges, the festival brings people from around the world to enjoy the beauty of winter, nature, and music. 1.According to Paragraph 2, which statement is TRUE? A. All Ice Records was published in 2006. B. Terje tried out two kinds of instruments in total. C. The first Ice Music Festival took place in Norway in 1999. D. Terje was famous for using natural elements in his instruments. 2.Why is the ice from a lake near Geilo perfect for making music? A. It’s clean and pure. B. It’s man-made. C. It can be transported. D. It can be sculpted. 3.What’s the first step to create the ice instruments? A. The sculptor creates the instruments. B. Workers transport the ice to the town. C. Workers cut blocks of ice from the lake. D. The sculptor glues the parts of instruments together. 4.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “fragile” in Paragraph 4? A. Easily broken. B. Tightly stuck. C. Widely found. D. Frequently seen. 5.What can be the best title for the text? A. All Ice Records B. Frozen Instruments C. Winters in Norway D. World-class Musicians 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. C　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了用冰制作乐器的过程以及演奏冰乐器带来的挑战。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Terje, a creative musician known for using natural elements in his instruments, described discovering the capability to create sound with ice as “art by accident”.(Terje是一位以在乐器中使用自然元素而闻名的富有创造力的音乐家，他将发现用冰创造声音的能力描述为“偶然的艺术”)”可知，D选项“Terje以在乐器中使用自然元素而闻名”正确。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Here the ice is clean and pure, perfect for making music.(这里的冰干净纯净，非常适合制作音乐)”可知，盖洛湖附近的冰因为干净纯净，所以非常适合制作音乐。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Workers cut 272 kg blocks of ice from the lake and transport them back to town.(工人们从湖中切割了272公斤的冰块，并将它们运回城镇)”可知，制作冰乐器的第一步是工人们从湖中切割冰块。故选C。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Working with ice creates new challenges for the musicians.(与冰打交道给音乐家们带来了新的挑战)”；“The ice instruments are much more(冰制乐器更加……)”以及后文“regular instruments(普通乐器)”和“Perhaps the biggest challenge, though, is being sure that the instruments don’t melt (融化)! (然而，最大的挑战可能是确保这些仪器不会融化！)”可知，与冰打交道给音乐家们带来了新的挑战，是因为冰做的乐器比普通乐器更加容易破碎。故划线词意思是“容易破碎的”。故选A。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“At the festival, held in the small mountain town of Geilo, world-class musicians play frozen instruments in a musical band unlike any other.(在小山城盖洛举行的音乐节上，世界级的音乐家们在一个与众不同的乐队中演奏冰冻的乐器)”结合文章主要说明了用冰制作乐器的过程以及演奏冰乐器带来的挑战，可知，B选项“冰制乐器”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 8 （2024·辽宁·学业水平合格考）Learning how to cook can be a fun process, especially food-making adventure with good friends at college. For Huo Zhiyi, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival was surely one to remember. Instead of having a holiday dinner at a restaurant, the 21-year-old junior student and her classmates from Shenyang Agricultural University cooked for themselves in a shared kitchen. This new shared kitchen, which covers 340 square meters on the second floor of the university’s First Dining Hall, including a 22-square-meter cooking area, opened early last month. Students can use cookware and appliances (electric equipment) such as pans, ovens, and freezers, and various stuffs, like cooking oil, salt, and sugar, for free-all provided by the university. All they have to prepare is the basic ingredients (食材), such as meat and fresh vegetables. “The three-day holiday was too short for us to return to our hometowns, so we decided to spend the festival together on campus. We all felt bored of the dining halls and take-out food. The newly opened shared kitchen has given us a space to cook for ourselves.” The shared kitchen has quickly gained popularity with students and it is hard to find an available stove, especially during meal times. “We had to book it a week in advance,” Huo said. The six young students worked for nearly three hours in the kitchen to cook eight dishes. “It was not as easy as we thought,” she said. The time spent in cooking has helped them communicate and cooperate more. “Compared with unhealthy take-out food, most college students desire hometown-style dishes or their favorite specialties, but it’s hard to find them in campus dining halls,” said Yi Guangcheng, director of the First Dining Hall. “The shared kitchen can help make their wishes come true. Meanwhile, it provides an opportunity to develop friendship and enrich social life. Delicious food is always a good bridge of communication,” he said. In addition to providing more convenience for the students, the shared kitchen also focuses on education, according to Ge Pengyue, director of the university’s food center. “It is a creative feature of the university in quality education. We hope students can learn the basic life skill of cooking before they step out into society.” 1.What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To offer an example. B. To introduce a topic. C. To make a comparison. D. To present an argument. 2.What does a student need to prepare before cooking in the shared kitchen? A. Pans. B. Salt. C. Ovens. D. Beef. 3.Which statement may Huo Zhiyi disagree with? A. Some students were bored of take-out food. B. The holiday was too short for her to return home. C. Cooking turned out to be easy for her and her friends. D. The shared kitchen was well-received among students. 4.Which benefit of the shared kitchen is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Enriching social life. B. Developing friendship. C. Increasing the sales of take-out food. D. Learning the basic life skill of cooking. 5.What’s the author’s attitude towards the shared kitchen? A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了沈阳农业大学在食堂二楼开设的烹饪厨房，能丰富学生的校园生活，并为以后的基本生活技能打好基础。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Learning how to cook can be a fun process, especially food-making adventure with good friends at college.(学习烹饪可以是一个有趣的过程，尤其是在大学里与好朋友一起烹饪。)”可知，文章首段提出了学习烹饪可以是一个有趣的过程，且后文描述了沈阳农业大学的Huo Zhiyi和同学在共享厨房做饭的经历，故第一段是为了引出文章话题，故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All they have to prepare is the basic ingredients (食材), such as meat and fresh vegetables.(他们只准备基本食材例如肉和新鲜的蔬菜。)”可知，学生只需要准备肉和蔬菜等食材，故需要准备牛肉，故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““It was not as easy as we thought,” she said.(她说：“这并是我们想象中那么简单。”)”可知，Huo Zhiyi认为，做饭并不是他们想象中那么简单，故C项陈述错误，故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Meanwhile, it provides an opportunity to develop friendship and enrich social life.(与此同时，它提供了培养友谊和丰富社交生活的机会。)”以及文章最后一段“We hope students can learn the basic life skill of cooking before they step out into society.(我们希望学生能在他们踏入社会之前学会基本生活技能。)”可知，共享厨房可以帮助培养友谊、丰富社交生活和学会生活基本技能，不包括增加外卖的销量，故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The time spent in cooking has helped them communicate and cooperate more.(花在烹饪上的时间能帮助他们交流和合作得更多。)”可知，作者认为共享厨房能帮助学生促进交流和合作，故对其态度是积极的，故选B。 Passage 9 In China, car ownership has been rising at an annual rate of 13 percent since 2010. And young people are a major driving force behind it. Most of them buy a car for the convenience it brings, according to a China Youth Daily survey of 1,541 people. ——A Switzerland-based financial services company SUVs are more popular than ever among Chinese drivers. The sales of SUVs increased by 48 percent in the first quarter of this year. This type of vehicle lets drivers sit higher and, as a result, feel better. Also, in the eyes of young people, SUVs represent an adventurous spirit. But for most Chinese families, a large space inside of the vehicle is their first choice. ——TMT Post (Website) For US youth, owning a car is a sign of adulthood. At age 16, US teenagers can apply for their own driver’s license and enjoy the freedom of the road. But more and more US youth are getting their licenses later in life. In the 1980s, eight out of ten Americans aged 17 to 19 had a license. That number has dropped to six out of ten now. ——A University of Michigan survey Top Car Colors in China       Top Car Colors in the US 1.What does the underlined word “it” in the first text refer to? A. A Car. B. Convenience. C. Car ownership. D. A major driving force. 2.Which is the reason for the popularity of SUVs in China according to TMT Post? A. They are mainly used to drag heavy loads. B. They mean adventure and wealth for the young. C. They let the drivers sit higher and thus feel better. D. They have the largest inside space of the vehicles in China. 3.To apply for a driver’s license, an American shall be ________ years old at least. A. 16 B. 17 C. 18 D. 19 4.Which is the most popular vehicle in China? A. SUVs. B. Sedans. C. Camper cars. D. Pickup trucks. 5.Which is the most popular car color in both China and the US according to the pie charts (图)above? A. Gray. B. White. C. Black. D. Silver. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要列举了美国与中国对于车的喜好的介绍。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段划线代词it前文的内容“Most of them buy a car for the convenience(他们中的大多数人买车是因为方便)”可知，前文提到了他们大多数人买车，故此处划线代词指代it前文提到的“a car”，买车是因为车带来的方便，故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This type of vehicle lets drivers sit higher and, as a result, feel better.(这种类型的车辆让驾驶员坐得更高，因此感觉更好。)”可知，SUV在中国更流行是因为这种类型的车辆让驾驶员坐得更高，感觉更好，故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At age 16, US teenagers can apply for their own driver’s license and enjoy the freedom of the road.( 16岁时，美国青少年可以申请自己的驾照，享受道路自由。)”可知，在美国申请驾照，至少需要16岁，故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“SUVs are more popular than ever among Chinese drivers. The sales of SUVs increased by 48 percent in the first quarter of this year.(SUV在中国司机中比往往任何时候都受欢迎。今年第一季度，SUV的销量增加了48%。)”可知，在中国，SUV最受欢迎，其销量在第一季度就增加了48%，故选A。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的图标显示“Top Car Colors in China White(27%)(在中国最受欢迎的车颜色 白色（27%）Top Car Colors in the US White(23%)(在美国最受欢迎的车颜色 白色（23%）) )”可知，在图表中，两个国家白色占比最大，故最受欢迎的车的颜色是白色，故选B。 Passage 10 （2025·辽宁·学业水平合格考）The annual International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It started on January 5th, 1985, and has become the world’s biggest winter festival. The cold winters are just right for this festival. What sets the Harbin festival apart is the size of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting. It is bigger than the ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec. At first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last ten years, it has become an international festival and competition. As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps growing. The work going into making these exhibits is astounding, and their size and beauty are amazing. The festival is officially held from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depend on the weather. There are plentiful flights from Beijing to Harbin from early in the morning to late at night. It takes about 3 hours to get to Ice Festival sites, including the flight to Taiping International Airport (2 hours) and taxi to the sites (1 hour). A return flight is about 1,000 yuan. Compared with flights, a train trip can save a lot, and bullet trains are very comfortable. There are five high-speed bullet trains (about 8 hours) and nine overnight normal trains from Beijing to Harbin. Tickets may be in big demand during the festival time so we always remind our customers to book their tickets in advance if they do want to do it themselves (bullet train tickets begin to sell 20 days in advance). If you book a tour with us, we will do all that for you. Our travel adviser will choose the best available trains to fit your schedule. 1.When did the festival start? A. In the 1970s. B. In the 1980s. C. In the 1990s. D. In the 2000s. 2.What does the underlined word “astounding” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Boring. B. Enjoyable. C. Challenging. D. Surprising. 3.What do we know about the festival? A. It is held every other year. B. It closes on different dates. C. It has a fixed opening date. D. It lasts for about three months. 4.How long does it take to get to Harbin from Beijing by bullet train? A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 8 hours. D. 9 hours. 5.Who writes the article? A. A travel agent. B. A flight attendant. C. A festival organizer. D. A train station staffer. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章是旅行社发出的一篇介绍哈尔滨冰雪艺术节的规模、大小、特点及开放的时间的文章，其目的是为了让游客选择此旅行社。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It started on January 5th, 1985, and has become the world’s biggest winter festival.(它始于1985年1月5日，已经成为了世界上最大规模的冬季节日。)”可知，哈尔滨冰雪节始于20世纪80年代，故选B。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词astounding后文的内容“and their size and beauty are amazing(而且他们的大小和美丽令人惊叹。)”可推知，这些冰雕展品的美和大小令人惊叹，故此处划线词astounding与D项“Surprising.(令人震惊的)”意思相近，制作这些展品的工作令人震惊，它们的大小和美丽也令人惊叹，故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depend on the weather.(开幕日期不断变化，结束日期部分取决于天气。)”可知，冰雪节结束的日期根据天气而定，故每年的冰雪节都是在不同的日期结束的，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“There are five high-speed bullet trains (about 8 hours) and nine overnight normal trains from Beijing to Harbin.(从北京到哈尔滨有五列高速子弹头列车（约8小时）和九列通宵普通列车。)”可知，从北京到哈尔滨乘坐子弹头列车需要8小时，故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If you book a tour with us, we will do all that for you. Our travel adviser will choose the best available trains to fit your schedule.(如果您找我们预定旅游，我们将会为您做所有这些事情。我们的旅行顾问也会根据您的日程安排选择最合适的火车。)”可知，这篇文章是为了让游客选择此旅行社，故文章是出自旅行社之手，故选A。 Passage 11 （2025·辽宁·学业水平合格考）Over the centuries, we have discovered more and more about our world, and it is easy to think that everything that could be discovered already has been. But that is not true — the world holds many more secrets that are waiting to be revealed. Here are four places that have yet to be opened up completely. The Mariana Trench The deepest and darkest place in the ocean is the 11,000-meter-deep Mariana Trench. Due to cold temperatures and huge water pressure, the deep ocean is totally unfriendly to humans. Although technological advances have led to the discovery of many new varieties of deep-sea animals on the ocean floor, there is a lot more to be learned. In fact, only 2% of the ocean floor has been explored. The Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest is said to make up around 50% of all of the rainforests in the world. Interest in its climate and resources has resulted in certain explorations. However, due to its inaccessibility, full exploration of the region has been almost impossible. Up to now, 2.5 million insect species and 400,000 plant species have been officially documented. Greenland About 81% of Greenland is covered in ice, so it is almost completely unpopulated and a relatively small number of people who do live there tend to live only on the ice-free coast. Greenland has only been explored to a limited extent, as the climate is quite unsuitable for human life. Although research explorations are currently being carried out, the most interesting research in Greenland might tell us more about the past than the present. Deserts Very few explorations have been conducted because of the unwelcoming environments for human beings in the deserts. It is almost impossible to survive long periods of time in the desert. Thus, desert explorations have frequently had terrible results — many people are known to have died on such explorations. It is unclear whether anything of particular interest would be uncovered by further research into deserts, although there are animal and plant species there which are special because they have developed to survive in very high temperatures and with very little water. 1.What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To introduce a topic. B. To offer an example. C. To make a comparison. D. To present an argument. 2.Which factor contributes to the Mariana Trench’s unfriendliness to humans? A. The depth. B. The darkness. C. Water pressure. D. Deep-sea animals. 3.What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Terrible results. B. Desert explorations. C. Unwelcoming environments. D. Animal and plant species. 4.What do the four places have in common? A. Rich species. B. High temperatures. C. Small population. D. Limited explorations. 5.Which section of the magazine does the passage probably come from? A. Culture. B. Society. C. Science. D. Business. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. D　5. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马里亚纳海沟、亚马逊雨林、格陵兰岛和沙漠这四个尚未完全开放的地方，分析其难以深入探索的原因与现状。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“But that is not true — the world holds many more secrets that are waiting to be revealed. Here are four places that have yet to be opened up completely. (但事实并非如此——这个世界还藏着许多尚未揭开的秘密。以下是四个尚未被完全开发的地方)”可知，该段先通过“世界仍有未被发现的秘密”引出话题，再明确引出下文要介绍的四个未完全探索之地，核心功能是引入主题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Due to cold temperatures and huge water pressure, the deep ocean is totally unfriendly to humans. (由于寒冷的温度和巨大的水压，深海对人类极不友好)”可知，“水压”是导致马里亚纳海沟对人类不友好的明确因素之一。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“although there are animal and plant species there which are special because they have developed to survive in very high temperatures and with very little water.(不过，沙漠中确实存在一些特殊的动植物物种——它们已进化出适应能力，能在高温环境下、仅靠极少水分生存)”可知，“they”指代前文明确提到的“动植物物种”，即“它们（动植物）”通过进化适应了沙漠环境。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are four places that have yet to be opened up completely.(以下是四个尚未被完全开发的地方)”可知，四者的共同点是“探索有限”。故选D项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Over the centuries, we have discovered more and more about our world, and it is easy to think that everything that could be discovered already has been. But that is not true — the world holds many more secrets that are waiting to be revealed. Here are four places that have yet to be opened up completely.(几个世纪以来，我们对世界的了解越来越多，人们很容易认为，所有可能被发现的事物都已被探索殆尽。但事实并非如此 ——这个世界仍藏着许多尚未揭开的秘密。以下便是四个尚未被完全探索的地方)”可知，文章围绕“未被完全探索的自然区域”展开，内容涉及深海环境、雨林物种、极地冰层、沙漠生态等自然科学领域的探索与发现。由此推知，本文可能来自杂志的“科学”版块。故选C项。 Passage 12 （2025·辽宁·学业水平合格考）China’s foreign trade has continued to show that strong resilience (韧性) and ongoing support from its opening-up policies will drive its economic growth throughout the year, government officials and experts said. They said that China’s enriched trade ties with Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, alongside expanding fields such as technology-led green products and international e-commerce, are helping Chinese exporters gain a competitive edge in global markets. According to the General Administration of Customs, China’s foreign trade reached 28.58 trillion yuan ($4.02 trillion) in the first eight months of this year, an increase of 6 percent year-on-year. This strong growth was driven by a 6.9 percent year-on-year rise in exports, while imports increased by 4.7 percent. China’s foreign trade with emerging economies (新兴经济体) has grown at a faster pace than its trade with the United States and European countries, while general trade has shown greater resilience compared with processing trade, said Li Ke’aobo, executive deputy director of Tsinghua University’s Academic Center for Chinese Economic Practice and Thinking. During the January-August period, China’s trade with countries and regions participating in the Belt and Road Initiative reached 13.48 trillion yuan, up 7 percent year-on-year, customs data showed. “These facts stress China’s strong trade performance and its increasing international competitiveness,” Li said. 1.China has enriched trade ties with the following areas EXCEPT ________. A. Africa B. North America C. Southeast Asia D. The Middle East 2.According to the graph (图), what is the growth of China’s foreign trade during the Jan-May period (year-on-year)? A. 6.3% B. 6.2% C. 6.1% D. 5.7% 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. Processing trade has shown greater resilience compared with general trade. B. Technology-led green products are preventing Chinese exporters from getting benefits. C. China saw higher growth in imports than that in exports in the first eight months of this year. D. China’s foreign trade shows strong performance and increasing international competitiveness. 4.What is Li Ke’aobo’s attitude toward current China’s foreign trade? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 5.Who are the most likely target readers? A. Doctors. B. Engineers. C. Lawyers. D. Businessmen. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B　5. D 【解析】 Passage 13 （2025·北京·学业水平合格考）The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. “Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. “Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.” The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. “The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.” The xenobots are very early technology-think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said. 1.According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______. A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 2.What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,(大多数人认为机器人是由金属制成的，但问题不在于机器人是由什么制成的，而在于它能做什么，也就是代表人类独立行动。)”可知，根据Josh Bongard的说法，机器人应该根据它的功能来定义。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段“With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication.(在人工智能的帮助下，研究人员测试了数十亿个体型，以使异种机器人在这种类型的复制上更有效。)”可知，人工智能使异种机器人更有效地复制成为可能。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to soh l problems(如果我们利用细胞的这种可塑性和能力来解决问题，就有可能实现很多事情。)”可推断，作者对异种机器人的未来应用持乐观态度。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals.(创造出第一批活体机器人的美国科学家表示，这种被称为“异种机器人”的生命形式现在可以繁殖了，而且是以一种在动植物中未见过的方式。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。所以“Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce(事实还是幻想?机器人可以复制)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Passage 14 （2026年1月·浙江·高考）Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 1.What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 2.Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 3.What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 4.What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物AI工具SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这也是跨学科合作的成果。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization ( 优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. (SLEAP 由索尔克研究所的塔尔莫・佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (此外，追踪这些植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育理想根系的基因。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. (我们不只是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 Passage 15 （2026年1月·浙江·高考）Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 1.Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance. 2.What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 3.What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A. A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one. C. A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many companies are producing fake reviews. B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍关于虚假评论的一项研究，包括研究设计、结果发现以及AI生成虚假评论带来的识别难题等内容。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel.(该研究使用了芝加哥酒店的1600条评论作为数据集，其中一些是真实的，另一些是虚假的。这些评论被呈现给400名受试者，每位受试者要阅读8条评论：两组均衡的评论，包括2条虚假好评、2条真实好评、2条虚假差评和2条真实差评，以随机顺序呈现。这些评论由获得酒店相关信息的真实人员撰写。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了这项研究的数据集、受试者以及评论呈现方式等，即研究的设计情况。B项“它的发现”、C项“它的目的”、D项“它的意义”均未在第二段体现，故选A项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short.(另一方面，冗长的好评被认为是可疑的，受试者往往更信任那些保持glowing评论简短的作者。)”可知，此处“glowing reviews”与前文“positive review（好评）”构成同义指代，由此猜测glowing意为“赞美的、表扬的”。A项“有趣的”、B项“辱骂的”、C项“有洞察力的”均不符合语境，故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants.(一条包含大量信息的冗长酒店差评，往往更能让受试者信服。)”和“The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.(负面评论越冷静客观，就越有可能让读者相信。)”可知，读者最有可能相信的是冷静客观、不带强烈情绪的差评。A项“冗长的好评”与“冗长的好评被认为可疑”相悖；C项“简短的差评”与“冗长的差评更有说服力”不符；D项“热情洋溢的好评”与“情绪强烈的评论不被信任”相悖，故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign.(为阿齐米的研究撰写的虚假评论是由人类编写的，但如今越来越多的虚假评论由人工智能生成，这使得它们看起来更真实。尽管许多公司使用算法来清除虚假评论，但阿齐米指出，这些机器是由人类编程的，而考虑到我们识别虚假评论的能力有限，这并不是一个好迹象。)”可推断，随着AI生成的虚假评论越来越逼真，未来识别虚假评论将会变得更加困难。A项“许多公司在生成虚假评论”文中未提及；B项“撰写虚假评论将被宣布为非法”文中未提及；C项“机器能准确检测虚假评论”与“算法由人类编程，识别能力有限”相悖，故选D项。 Passage 16 （2026·广东·学业水平合格考）People living in a coastal community had set underwater traps (陷阱) with food inside to catch a kind of harmful crabs (螃蟹). The traps came in the form of round-shaped nets, with ropes and floats (浮标) to mark their locations. However, local people often found the crab food inside gone, with the traps destroyed. For a long time, no one knew who did this. To catch the “culprit,” a team of scientists placed a hidden camera near one trap. The very next day, the truth was revealed — much sooner than expected. The video recording showed that the clever thief was a female wolf. In the video, the wolf swam straight to the trap’s float and carried it all the way to the beach with her teeth. Then, she kept pulling the rope attached to the float until the trap was in very shallow water. Once the wolf got hold of the trap, she quickly tore open the net and enjoyed a delicious meal. The whole process took less than three minutes. This discovery has started a heated discussion among scientists. Some believe the wolf used the rope, which she clearly understood was the key to her meal, as a tool to get food. Others argue that because the wolf did not make the rope herself, her behavior should not be counted as tool use. Either way, most scientists agree that the wolf showed great problem-solving skills. Since so many traps have been destroyed, they believe that more than one wolf might have known the skills. There remains one interesting question to the scientists: Did the wolf learn from other wolves or by watching other species? Whatever the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh and respectful view of wolves’ intelligence, reminding us of the wonders and connectedness of our natural world. 1.What does the underlined word “culprit” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The person setting the trap. B. The person hiding the camera. C. The animal catching the crabs. D. The animal getting the crab food. 2.The wolf kept pulling the rope most likely to ___________. A. help her swim B. bring the trap near C. break the rope D. play with the float 3.What do scientists argue on? A. Whether the wolf actually used a tool. B. Whether the wolf can make a rope herself. C. Whether the wolf worked with other wolves. D. Whether the wolf has problem-solving skills. 4.What remains unclear to the scientists? A. How the wolf located the trap. B. How the wolf destroyed the trap. C. How the wolf picked up the skills. D. How the wolf got food from others. 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. New Tools for Scientific Research B. Surprising Act of Animal Intelligence C. Effective Protection of Underwater Traps D. Immediate Dangers to Wolves on the Coast 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现狼利用陷阱绳索获取食物的行为引发了关于狼是否使用工具的讨论。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“However, local people often found the crab food inside gone, with the traps destroyed.(然而，当地人经常发现里面的蟹食不见了，陷阱也被破坏了)”以及第二段中“To catch the “culprit,” a team of scientists placed a hidden camera near one trap.(为了抓住“罪魁祸首”，一组科学家在一个陷阱附近放置了一个隐藏的摄像头)”可知，人们不知道是谁破坏了陷阱，吃掉了里面的蟹食，所以放置摄像头来抓住这个“罪魁祸首”，所以culprit指的是“获取蟹食的动物”。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then, she kept pulling the rope attached to the float until the trap was in very shallow water.(然后，她不停地拉连接在浮标上的绳子，直到陷阱处于很浅的水中)”可知，狼不停地拉绳子是为了把陷阱拉到靠近岸边的浅水区。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some believe the wolf used the rope, which she clearly understood was the key to her meal, as a tool to get food. Others argue that because the wolf did not make the rope herself, her behavior should not be counted as tool use.(一些人认为狼把绳子（它清楚地知道这是获取食物的关键）当作获取食物的工具。另一些人则认为，因为狼不是自己做的绳子，所以它的行为不应该被算作使用工具)”可知，科学家们争论的是狼是否真正使用了工具。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There remains one interesting question to the scientists: Did the wolf learn from other wolves or by watching other species?(科学家们仍然有一个有趣的问题：狼是从其他狼那里学来的，还是通过观察其他物种学来的？)”可知，科学家们仍然不清楚狼是如何学会这种技能的。故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家发现狼利用陷阱绳索获取食物的行为，这一行为引发了科学家们关于狼是否使用工具的讨论，体现了狼的智慧，所以B选项“动物智慧的惊人行为”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2025·广东·学业水平合格考）Do you know why different animals or insects (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors are used mainly for protecting themselves. Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but they cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But when the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves in the day and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人), This is because they have the colors much like the trees. A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid is around, its enemies (敌人) can’t find it. And it runs away at once. So it has lived for millions of years though it is not strong at all. 1.Why do different animals or insects have their special colors? A. Because they want to protect themselves. B. Because they want to attract enemies C. Because they like changing colors. D. Because they like different colors. 2.When crops are green, locusts look A. red B. brown C. green D. black 3.What do insects with different colors from plants do to protect themselves? A. They appear in the day and hide at night. B. They hide in the day and appear at night. C. They hide themselves day and night. D. They move quietly. 4.Why has the fish lived for millions of years? A. Because it is strong. B. Because it has the same color as the sea. C. Because it can change its color when in danger. D. Because it can send out a kind of liquid and run away when in danger. 5.What can we learn from the passage? A. Some birds can easily catch locusts B. When the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color. C. Bears and lions can be easily seen by hunters. D. While the black liquid is around, enemies can find the fish Passage 2 （2026·北京·学业水平合格考）Have you ever met someone new and felt a little nervous about how they feel about you? If you have, you are not the only one. When we meet someone new, we often think we like them more than they like us back. This gap(差异) between how much we like others and think others like us is called a liking gap. The first study that discovered the liking gap was done with adults. Researchers invited college students to a research laboratory where they chatted with another person they did not know. Afterwards, they were asked separately how much they liked this other person and how much they thought the other person liked them back. Most students said they liked the other person, but thought the other person liked them less. Even more surprising was that the liking gap stuck around even after the people got to know each other. They also tested groups of children from 4 to 11 years old and found even children experience this liking gap, but it only starts around age 5. At this age, the liking gap is still small. it gets bigger as children get older, probably because they start to better understand that what they do influences what others think of them. Why do we have a liking gap? One idea comes from the research on children. At the age of 5,children also start to worry about their reputation (名誉) ,which causes them to think about things like ” Do they want to be my friends? Do they want to hang out with me?“ Another idea is that when we are talking to other people, we have to think so much about what we do and say that we forget to pay attention to how others are reacting to us. We are therefore often not sure about how the things we do or say make other people feel. So, if you sometimes feel that others like you less than you like them back, there is no reason to panic. in fact, the other person likely enjoys hanging out with you just as much as you do, or perhaps even more! 1.What does the underlined phrase “stuck around” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Closed. B. Appeared. C. Narrowed. D. Existed. 2.When do people start experiencing a liking gap? A. At the age of 4. B. Around the age of 5. C. From the age of 11. D. After becoming adults. 3.We have a liking gap probably because__________. A. we are likely to panic. B. we focus on our social skills. C. we avoid chatting with strangers. D. we take little notice of others’ reactions. Passage 3 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Imagine walking halfway around Australia as a kid… well, this year you can do just that. Kids News is calling on schools to host a walkathon (徒步马拉松) in May to see if schoolchildren can work together and actually walk the distance from at least Adelaide to Brisbane. That’s about 2,500 km if you walked through Melbourne and Sydney, which is a really long way. But if enough schools join in, it’s possible. It’s part of Kids News’ Health of the Nation campaign, which aims to get Australian kids moving in 2024 and thinking about ways to improve their health. Sam Wood, a famous fitness trainer, believes kids who walk regularly in their childhood — whether to school each day or around the park with the family dog — are setting themselves up for an active adulthood where walking becomes a habit in their daily routine. “People think it doesn’t make you fit, but they’re wrong,” Wood said. “If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health.” 1.Why is Kids News calling on schools to host a walkathon? A. To measure the distance between two cities. B. To visit different places in the country. C. To encourage students to move more. D. To help students with their lessons. 2.What benefit can children get from walking regularly in their childhood? A. Becoming active teachers. B. Developing social abilities. C. Making more friends. D. Forming a good habit. 3.What does Sam Wood think of walking in the last paragraph? A. Convenient. B. Tiring. C. Tough. D. Painful. 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The longer you walk, the fitter you are. B. It’s necessary to walk at least 60 minutes a day. C. Walking brings both physical and mental benefits. D. It’s better to walk during daytime than in the evening. Passage 4 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）If you have fallen into a sleep schedule (时间表) that’s negatively affecting your body clock, what can you do? Try taking these steps to get your sleep patterns and body clock back to normal. Have a regular schedule Fight against the desire to get up late. Get up at the same time each day, and stick to that schedule on weekends. Once you’ve established a regular schedule, you’ll be able to fall asleep and wake up more easily. Exercise Exercise may increase production of melatonin (褪黑激素), and increased melatonin production can make it easier to fall asleep. Exercise also helps your body’s other systems stay in line with your body clock. Keep naps (打盹) short Napping can impact your body clock by making it harder to fall asleep at night. If you need to take a nap, limit it to 30 minutes or less and try to nap before 3:00 p. m. Limit light before bed Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. Blue light from electronic devices like smartphones sends signals to your brain that it’s time to be awake. Having trouble getting up in the morning or staying up later than you want is a common problem. But if you follow these steps, you’ll get your body clock back on track in no time! 1.Who is the passage intended for? A. People with wrong body clock. B. Over-users of smartphones. C. Poor time-management people. D. Lazy people doing no exercise. 2.What is the function of increased melatonin production? A. To refresh the brain. B. To increase heart rate. C. To help fall asleep. D. To strengthen muscles. 3.How long should a nap be? A. As long as possible. B. More than 30 minutes. C. As short as possible. D. At most half an hour. 4.Which of the following may prevent you from sleeping before bedtime? A. Reading print books. B. Using smartphones. C. Chatting with parents. D. Listening to music. Passage 5 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Have you ever been in a sports field when the crowd is so loud that it shakes the structure of the stands (看台)? Have you ever thought of using the loud noise? When watching an NBA game in the sports gym, Lily Min, a senior school student in Lake Charles, wondered if you could turn the noise into a power source. Lily Min was inspired by Pixar’s film Monsters, Inc. Two monsters (怪兽) provide the electric power to a world of monsters by using children’s screams. She even designed a collection system that could possibly turn noise into usable energy. To test her theory, she built a 22x12-inch size model of a typical sports field. She then played sounds at either 70 decibels (分贝) or 100 decibels like the noise in the sports field. The experiment’s equipment wasn’t good enough, unfortunately, and the amounts of electricity gathered were small. Lily found that with more advanced equipment and on a larger size, enough power could be produced. Lily says, “Turning sound into electrical energy makes a great contribution to reducing the energy use of a typical sports field. In addition, in cities with heavy traffic, the loud noise from vehicles like cars and buses could be used to produce electricity, contributing to the energy needs of city development. Many factories, which often have continuous noise, could catch and change these sounds into electrical energy, thus reducing their total energy consumption (消耗).” 1.What really inspired Lily to turn sound into energy? A. A science experiment. B. A movie called Monsters, Inc. C. A basketball match. D. A visit to a sports field. 2.What was the purpose of Lily’s experiment? A. To make noise in the sports field. B. To test how loudly crowds can shout. C. To find more advanced equipment. D. To prove noises can be changed into electricity. 3.Where might Lily’s idea be applied? A. Schools and libraries. B. Factories and busy streets. C. Gardens and hotels. D. Cinemas and museums. 4.Which of the following best describes Lily? A. Curious and creative. B. Honest and confident. C. Brave and responsible. D. Careful and generous. Passage 6 （2025·江苏·学业水平合格考）Children with parents who allow them to take more risks while playing are more likely to reach the recommended levels of exercise, a new study by Coventry University has found. The study has found 78% of the 645 parents across Australia didn’t like their children to take risks while playing, and would limit activities such as climbing trees, riding bikes fast down hills, and play-fighting with others. However, the study revealed that children of parents with more relaxed attitudes towards adventurous play were around three times more likely to meet the Australian and UK’s guidelines to get in an hour a day of “huff and puff” (气喘吁吁) exercise. “Obviously, parents don’t want to see their children pick up serious injuries, but evidence (证据) suggests that most play injuries are not serious, and the potential rewards of risky experiences are great,” says Alethea Jerebine, a researcher at Coventry University. “We know that through taking risks at play, children learn about what they can and can’t do, build confidence and independence, as well as learn to manage risk and keep themselves safe.” “It’s important for children to develop their understanding of risk from an early age, and build these skills gradually increasingly.” With the health benefits so obvious, a few small injuries along the way seems like a fair exchange. 1.What does the Coventry University study show? A. Schools lack sports facilities. B. Kids are angry at their parents. C. Most kids are over-protected. D. Lots of exercise is unfit for kids. 2.What would most Australian parents do concerning their children? A. Encourage them to climb trees. B. Let them play-fight with others. C. Allow them to ride fast down the hills. D. Limit their adventurous activities. 3.Which is one of the potential rewards of risky experiences for children? A. Avoiding difficult exercise. B. Taking risks without their parents. C. Learning to manage risk. D. Treating their own injuries. 4.When should kids start to develop their understanding of risk? A. From senior high school. B. From an early age. C. From junior high school. D. From adulthood. Passage 7 （2024·辽宁·学业水平合格考）Winters in Norway can be long and dark, with very little sunlight. But winter can be one of the most exciting times to visit, especially for music lovers. The annual Ice Music Festival celebrates the sounds of winter. At the festival, held in the small mountain town of Geilo, world-class musicians play frozen instruments in a musical band unlike any other. The first Ice Music Festival took place in 2006, but its director, Terje Isungset, had been making instruments from ice since 1999. Terje, a creative musician known for using natural elements in his instruments, described discovering the capability to create sound with ice as “art by accident”. Once he learned of the different sounds produced with ice, he began experimenting with a variety of instruments, including harps (竖琴) and horns (小号). In 2005 he published All Ice Records, a record of ice-only music. It’s the instruments that make the Ice Music Festival unique. The process of creating them begins at a lake near Geilo. Here the ice is clean and pure, perfect for making music. The ice must be natural. Man-made ice does not produce the same sound. Workers cut 272 kg blocks of ice from the lake and transport them back to town. Next, ice sculptor (雕塑家) Bill Covitz works alongside the musicians for hours to create instruments. Bill carves individual parts of each instrument, then uses water as glue to hold the parts together. Working with ice creates new challenges for the musicians. The ice instruments are much more fragile than regular instruments. And performers can’t play familiar songs because they don’t know what sounds the ice instruments will make. “You cannot go on stage and expect a certain sound. You have to play with the sound that the instrument actually can make. And then try to create good music out of this,” says Terje. Perhaps the biggest challenge, though, is being sure that the instruments don’t melt (融化)! The musicians’ body heat may cause damage to the instruments, especially for horn players who are blowing warm air right into the ice! Despite the challenges, the festival brings people from around the world to enjoy the beauty of winter, nature, and music. 1.According to Paragraph 2, which statement is TRUE? A. All Ice Records was published in 2006. B. Terje tried out two kinds of instruments in total. C. The first Ice Music Festival took place in Norway in 1999. D. Terje was famous for using natural elements in his instruments. 2.Why is the ice from a lake near Geilo perfect for making music? A. It’s clean and pure. B. It’s man-made. C. It can be transported. D. It can be sculpted. 3.What’s the first step to create the ice instruments? A. The sculptor creates the instruments. B. Workers transport the ice to the town. C. Workers cut blocks of ice from the lake. D. The sculptor glues the parts of instruments together. 4.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “fragile” in Paragraph 4? A. Easily broken. B. Tightly stuck. C. Widely found. D. Frequently seen. 5.What can be the best title for the text? A. All Ice Records B. Frozen Instruments C. Winters in Norway D. World-class Musicians Passage 8 （2024·辽宁·学业水平合格考）Learning how to cook can be a fun process, especially food-making adventure with good friends at college. For Huo Zhiyi, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival was surely one to remember. Instead of having a holiday dinner at a restaurant, the 21-year-old junior student and her classmates from Shenyang Agricultural University cooked for themselves in a shared kitchen. This new shared kitchen, which covers 340 square meters on the second floor of the university’s First Dining Hall, including a 22-square-meter cooking area, opened early last month. Students can use cookware and appliances (electric equipment) such as pans, ovens, and freezers, and various stuffs, like cooking oil, salt, and sugar, for free-all provided by the university. All they have to prepare is the basic ingredients (食材), such as meat and fresh vegetables. “The three-day holiday was too short for us to return to our hometowns, so we decided to spend the festival together on campus. We all felt bored of the dining halls and take-out food. The newly opened shared kitchen has given us a space to cook for ourselves.” The shared kitchen has quickly gained popularity with students and it is hard to find an available stove, especially during meal times. “We had to book it a week in advance,” Huo said. The six young students worked for nearly three hours in the kitchen to cook eight dishes. “It was not as easy as we thought,” she said. The time spent in cooking has helped them communicate and cooperate more. “Compared with unhealthy take-out food, most college students desire hometown-style dishes or their favorite specialties, but it’s hard to find them in campus dining halls,” said Yi Guangcheng, director of the First Dining Hall. “The shared kitchen can help make their wishes come true. Meanwhile, it provides an opportunity to develop friendship and enrich social life. Delicious food is always a good bridge of communication,” he said. In addition to providing more convenience for the students, the shared kitchen also focuses on education, according to Ge Pengyue, director of the university’s food center. “It is a creative feature of the university in quality education. We hope students can learn the basic life skill of cooking before they step out into society.” 1.What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To offer an example. B. To introduce a topic. C. To make a comparison. D. To present an argument. 2.What does a student need to prepare before cooking in the shared kitchen? A. Pans. B. Salt. C. Ovens. D. Beef. 3.Which statement may Huo Zhiyi disagree with? A. Some students were bored of take-out food. B. The holiday was too short for her to return home. C. Cooking turned out to be easy for her and her friends. D. The shared kitchen was well-received among students. 4.Which benefit of the shared kitchen is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Enriching social life. B. Developing friendship. C. Increasing the sales of take-out food. D. Learning the basic life skill of cooking. 5.What’s the author’s attitude towards the shared kitchen? A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. Passage 9 In China, car ownership has been rising at an annual rate of 13 percent since 2010. And young people are a major driving force behind it. Most of them buy a car for the convenience it brings, according to a China Youth Daily survey of 1,541 people. ——A Switzerland-based financial services company SUVs are more popular than ever among Chinese drivers. The sales of SUVs increased by 48 percent in the first quarter of this year. This type of vehicle lets drivers sit higher and, as a result, feel better. Also, in the eyes of young people, SUVs represent an adventurous spirit. But for most Chinese families, a large space inside of the vehicle is their first choice. ——TMT Post (Website) For US youth, owning a car is a sign of adulthood. At age 16, US teenagers can apply for their own driver’s license and enjoy the freedom of the road. But more and more US youth are getting their licenses later in life. In the 1980s, eight out of ten Americans aged 17 to 19 had a license. That number has dropped to six out of ten now. ——A University of Michigan survey Top Car Colors in China       Top Car Colors in the US 1.What does the underlined word “it” in the first text refer to? A. A Car. B. Convenience. C. Car ownership. D. A major driving force. 2.Which is the reason for the popularity of SUVs in China according to TMT Post? A. They are mainly used to drag heavy loads. B. They mean adventure and wealth for the young. C. They let the drivers sit higher and thus feel better. D. They have the largest inside space of the vehicles in China. 3.To apply for a driver’s license, an American shall be ________ years old at least. A. 16 B. 17 C. 18 D. 19 4.Which is the most popular vehicle in China? A. SUVs. B. Sedans. C. Camper cars. D. Pickup trucks. 5.Which is the most popular car color in both China and the US according to the pie charts (图)above? A. Gray. B. White. C. Black. D. Silver. Passage 10 （2025·辽宁·学业水平合格考）The annual International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It started on January 5th, 1985, and has become the world’s biggest winter festival. The cold winters are just right for this festival. What sets the Harbin festival apart is the size of the sculptures and the beautiful lighting. It is bigger than the ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec. At first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last ten years, it has become an international festival and competition. As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps growing. The work going into making these exhibits is astounding, and their size and beauty are amazing. The festival is officially held from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depend on the weather. There are plentiful flights from Beijing to Harbin from early in the morning to late at night. It takes about 3 hours to get to Ice Festival sites, including the flight to Taiping International Airport (2 hours) and taxi to the sites (1 hour). A return flight is about 1,000 yuan. Compared with flights, a train trip can save a lot, and bullet trains are very comfortable. There are five high-speed bullet trains (about 8 hours) and nine overnight normal trains from Beijing to Harbin. Tickets may be in big demand during the festival time so we always remind our customers to book their tickets in advance if they do want to do it themselves (bullet train tickets begin to sell 20 days in advance). If you book a tour with us, we will do all that for you. Our travel adviser will choose the best available trains to fit your schedule. 1.When did the festival start? A. In the 1970s. B. In the 1980s. C. In the 1990s. D. In the 2000s. 2.What does the underlined word “astounding” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Boring. B. Enjoyable. C. Challenging. D. Surprising. 3.What do we know about the festival? A. It is held every other year. B. It closes on different dates. C. It has a fixed opening date. D. It lasts for about three months. 4.How long does it take to get to Harbin from Beijing by bullet train? A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 8 hours. D. 9 hours. 5.Who writes the article? A. A travel agent. B. A flight attendant. C. A festival organizer. D. A train station staffer. Passage 11 （2025·辽宁·学业水平合格考）Over the centuries, we have discovered more and more about our world, and it is easy to think that everything that could be discovered already has been. But that is not true — the world holds many more secrets that are waiting to be revealed. Here are four places that have yet to be opened up completely. The Mariana Trench The deepest and darkest place in the ocean is the 11,000-meter-deep Mariana Trench. Due to cold temperatures and huge water pressure, the deep ocean is totally unfriendly to humans. Although technological advances have led to the discovery of many new varieties of deep-sea animals on the ocean floor, there is a lot more to be learned. In fact, only 2% of the ocean floor has been explored. The Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest is said to make up around 50% of all of the rainforests in the world. Interest in its climate and resources has resulted in certain explorations. However, due to its inaccessibility, full exploration of the region has been almost impossible. Up to now, 2.5 million insect species and 400,000 plant species have been officially documented. Greenland About 81% of Greenland is covered in ice, so it is almost completely unpopulated and a relatively small number of people who do live there tend to live only on the ice-free coast. Greenland has only been explored to a limited extent, as the climate is quite unsuitable for human life. Although research explorations are currently being carried out, the most interesting research in Greenland might tell us more about the past than the present. Deserts Very few explorations have been conducted because of the unwelcoming environments for human beings in the deserts. It is almost impossible to survive long periods of time in the desert. Thus, desert explorations have frequently had terrible results — many people are known to have died on such explorations. It is unclear whether anything of particular interest would be uncovered by further research into deserts, although there are animal and plant species there which are special because they have developed to survive in very high temperatures and with very little water. 1.What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To introduce a topic. B. To offer an example. C. To make a comparison. D. To present an argument. 2.Which factor contributes to the Mariana Trench’s unfriendliness to humans? A. The depth. B. The darkness. C. Water pressure. D. Deep-sea animals. 3.What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the last paragraph? A. Terrible results. B. Desert explorations. C. Unwelcoming environments. D. Animal and plant species. 4.What do the four places have in common? A. Rich species. B. High temperatures. C. Small population. D. Limited explorations. 5.Which section of the magazine does the passage probably come from? A. Culture. B. Society. C. Science. D. Business. Passage 12 （2025·辽宁·学业水平合格考）China’s foreign trade has continued to show that strong resilience (韧性) and ongoing support from its opening-up policies will drive its economic growth throughout the year, government officials and experts said. They said that China’s enriched trade ties with Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, alongside expanding fields such as technology-led green products and international e-commerce, are helping Chinese exporters gain a competitive edge in global markets. According to the General Administration of Customs, China’s foreign trade reached 28.58 trillion yuan ($4.02 trillion) in the first eight months of this year, an increase of 6 percent year-on-year. This strong growth was driven by a 6.9 percent year-on-year rise in exports, while imports increased by 4.7 percent. China’s foreign trade with emerging economies (新兴经济体) has grown at a faster pace than its trade with the United States and European countries, while general trade has shown greater resilience compared with processing trade, said Li Ke’aobo, executive deputy director of Tsinghua University’s Academic Center for Chinese Economic Practice and Thinking. During the January-August period, China’s trade with countries and regions participating in the Belt and Road Initiative reached 13.48 trillion yuan, up 7 percent year-on-year, customs data showed. “These facts stress China’s strong trade performance and its increasing international competitiveness,” Li said. 1.China has enriched trade ties with the following areas EXCEPT ________. A. Africa B. North America C. Southeast Asia D. The Middle East 2.According to the graph (图), what is the growth of China’s foreign trade during the Jan-May period (year-on-year)? A. 6.3% B. 6.2% C. 6.1% D. 5.7% 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. Processing trade has shown greater resilience compared with general trade. B. Technology-led green products are preventing Chinese exporters from getting benefits. C. China saw higher growth in imports than that in exports in the first eight months of this year. D. China’s foreign trade shows strong performance and increasing international competitiveness. 4.What is Li Ke’aobo’s attitude toward current China’s foreign trade? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Indifferent. 5.Who are the most likely target readers? A. Doctors. B. Engineers. C. Lawyers. D. Businessmen. Passage 13 （2025·北京·学业水平合格考）The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. “Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. “Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.” The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. “The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.” The xenobots are very early technology-think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said. 1.According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______. A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 2.What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce Passage 14 （2026年1月·浙江·高考）Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 1.What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 2.Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 3.What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 4.What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. Passage 15 （2026年1月·浙江·高考）Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 1.Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance. 2.What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 3.What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A. A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one. C. A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many companies are producing fake reviews. B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. Passage 16 （2026·广东·学业水平合格考）People living in a coastal community had set underwater traps (陷阱) with food inside to catch a kind of harmful crabs (螃蟹). The traps came in the form of round-shaped nets, with ropes and floats (浮标) to mark their locations. However, local people often found the crab food inside gone, with the traps destroyed. For a long time, no one knew who did this. To catch the “culprit,” a team of scientists placed a hidden camera near one trap. The very next day, the truth was revealed — much sooner than expected. The video recording showed that the clever thief was a female wolf. In the video, the wolf swam straight to the trap’s float and carried it all the way to the beach with her teeth. Then, she kept pulling the rope attached to the float until the trap was in very shallow water. Once the wolf got hold of the trap, she quickly tore open the net and enjoyed a delicious meal. The whole process took less than three minutes. This discovery has started a heated discussion among scientists. Some believe the wolf used the rope, which she clearly understood was the key to her meal, as a tool to get food. Others argue that because the wolf did not make the rope herself, her behavior should not be counted as tool use. Either way, most scientists agree that the wolf showed great problem-solving skills. Since so many traps have been destroyed, they believe that more than one wolf might have known the skills. There remains one interesting question to the scientists: Did the wolf learn from other wolves or by watching other species? Whatever the truth is, this discovery gives us a fresh and respectful view of wolves’ intelligence, reminding us of the wonders and connectedness of our natural world. 1.What does the underlined word “culprit” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The person setting the trap. B. The person hiding the camera. C. The animal catching the crabs. D. The animal getting the crab food. 2.The wolf kept pulling the rope most likely to ___________. A. help her swim B. bring the trap near C. break the rope D. play with the float 3.What do scientists argue on? A. Whether the wolf actually used a tool. B. Whether the wolf can make a rope herself. C. Whether the wolf worked with other wolves. D. Whether the wolf has problem-solving skills. 4.What remains unclear to the scientists? A. How the wolf located the trap. B. How the wolf destroyed the trap. C. How the wolf picked up the skills. D. How the wolf got food from others. 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. New Tools for Scientific Research B. Surprising Act of Animal Intelligence C. Effective Protection of Underwater Traps D. Immediate Dangers to Wolves on the Coast / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D　5. B Passage 2 1. D　2. B　3. D Passage 3 1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C Passage 4 1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B Passage 5 1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A Passage 6 1. C　2. D　3. C　4. B Passage 7 1. D　2. A　3. C　4. A　5. B Passage 8 1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C　5. B Passage 9 1. A　2. C　3. A　4. A　5. B Passage 10 1. B　2. D　3. B　4. C　5. A Passage 11 1. A　2. C　3. D　4. D　5. C Passage 12 1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B　5. D Passage 13 1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D Passage 14 1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C Passage 15 1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D Passage 16 1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $