Unit 4 Body Language 单词学案（ 含html动画）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Body Language 单词学案（教师版） 一、词性转换（写出各单词的所有重要词性变化） 1. interaction n. 交流；相互影响 → interact (vi. 交流；相互作用) → interactive (adj. 互动的；交互式的) → interactively (adv. 互动地) 2. vary vi. （根据情况）变化；改变 → various (adj. 各种各样的；不同的) → variety (n. 多样性；种类) → variation (n. 变化；变异) 3. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 → appropriately (adv. 适当地；恰当地) → inappropriate (adj. 不合适的；不恰当的) → appropriateness (n. 恰当；适宜) 4. approve vi. & vt. 赞成；批准 → approval (n. 赞成；批准) → approving (adj. 赞许的；许可的) → disapprove (vi. 不赞成；反对) 5. demonstrate vt. 证明；演示 → demonstration (n. 演示；证明；示威) → demonstrative (adj. 感情外露的；指示的) → demonstrator (n. 演示者；示威者) 6. employ vt. 雇用；使用 → employee (n. 雇员；员工) → employer (n. 雇主) → employment (n. 就业；雇用) → unemployment (n. 失业；失业率) 7. identical adj. 完全相同的 → identify (vt. 认出；确认；鉴定) → identity (n. 身份；特征) → identification (n. 鉴定；身份证明) 8. interpret vt. 把……理解为；口译 → interpretation (n. 解释；口译) → interpreter (n. 口译者；翻译员) → interpretive (adj. 解释的；诠释的) 9. differ vi. 相异；不同于 → difference (n. 差别；不同) → different (adj. 不同的) → differently (adv. 不同地) 10. favour n. & vt. 恩惠；较喜欢 → favourable (adj. 有利的；赞同的) → favourite (adj. 最喜爱的 n. 最爱) 11. anger n. & vt. 愤怒；使生气 → angry (adj. 生气的；愤怒的) → angrily (adv. 生气地；愤怒地) → angered (adj. 被激怒的；生气的) 12. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 → rely (vi. 依靠；信赖) → reliability (n. 可靠性) → reliably (adv. 可靠地) 13. assess vt. 评估；评价 → assessment (n. 评价；评定) → assessor (n. 评估员；顾问) → assessable (adj. 可评估的) 14. reveal vt. 揭示；透露 → revelation (n. 揭露；被揭露的事实) → revealing (adj. 发人深省的；暴露真相的) → revealingly (adv. 揭示性地) 15. clarify vt. 阐明；澄清 → clarity (n. 清楚；清晰) → clarification (n. 澄清；说明) → clear (adj. 清楚的；明白的) 16. tendency n. 趋势；倾向 → tend (vi. 倾向；往往会) 17. occupy vt. 占据；占用 → occupation (n. 职业；占领) → occupied (adj. 忙于……的；被占用的) → occupant (n. 占用者；居住者) 18. distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 → distraction (n. 分心之物；娱乐) → distracted (adj. 心不在焉的) → distracting (adj. 使人分心的) 19. perceive vt. 察觉；看待 → perception (n. 知觉；看法；洞察力) → perceptive (adj. 有洞察力的；敏感的) → perceptible (adj. 可察觉的) 20. distinguish vt. 区分；辨别 → distinction (n. 区别；优秀) → distinct (adj. 明显的；不同的) → distinguished (adj. 杰出的；著名的) 21. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 → anxious (adj. 焦虑的；渴望的) → anxiously (adv. 焦急地；渴望地) 22. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 → embarrass (vt. 使尴尬；使窘迫) → embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的) → embarrassment (n. 尴尬；窘迫) 23. adjust vt. & vi. 调整；适应 → adjustment (n. 调整；适应) → adjustable (adj. 可调节的；可调整的) 24. intervene vi. 干预；介入 → intervention (n. 干预；介入) 25. react vi. （对……）起反应 → reaction (n. 反应；回应) → reactive (adj. 反应性的；易反应的) → reactor (n. 反应堆；反应器) 二、单词、短语精讲 1. interaction n. 交流；相互影响；相互作用 词性转换：interact vi. 交流；相互作用 / interactive adj. 互动的 / interactively adv. 互动地 搭配：interaction with sb./sth. 与……的交流（互动）； social interaction 社会交往 例句：We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. 在与他人交流时，我们既使用语言也使用肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。 【语法填空】 ① The two classes worked _interactively__ (interaction) on the science project. ② The museum has designed several __interactive___ (interaction) exhibits for young visitors. 【语块翻译】 ③ 【教材原句·选必一U4】 面对面交流往往比在线聊天更能拉近人与人的距离。 → ____Face-to-face interaction____ often brings people closer than chatting online. 2. vary vi. （根据情况）变化；改变；相异 词性转换：various adj. 各种各样的 / variety n. 多样性；种类 / variation n. 变化；变异；varying agi. 不同的；变化的 搭配：vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等；因……而异； vary in sth. 在……方面不同； vary with sth. 随……而变化； a variety of 各种各样的； Varieties of 各种各样的 例句：Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口头语言一样，肢体语言因文化而异。 【语法填空】 ① There is wide ___variation____ (vary) in the price of the same model. ② The shop sells ____various_____ (vary) kinds of green tea from the south. ③ The library offers a wide ____variety_____ (vary) of English magazines. ④ 【真题句】（2020·天津卷（改编为语法填空））Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of ____varying_____ (vary) weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. 【语块翻译】 ⑤ 不同地区的气候差别很大，从湿热的南方到干冷的北方。 → The climate __varies from region to region__, from the hot and wet south to the dry and cold north. 3. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的；适当的 词性转换：appropriately adv. 适当地 / inappropriate adj. 不合适的 / appropriateness n. 恰当；适宜 搭配：be appropriate for sb./sth. 适合于……； be appropriate to sth. 与……相适应； it is appropriate to do sth. 做某事是恰当的 例句：The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 关键在于所用肢体语言要与所处文化相适应。 【语法填空】 ① The students were _appropriately__ (appropriate) dressed for the formal ceremony. ② Wearing jeans to a job interview is generally considered _inappropriate__ (appropriate). ③ Teachers should consider the appropriateness_ (appropriate) of the reading materials. 【句子翻译】 ④ 汉译英：在这种场合大声说笑是不合适的。 → It is inappropriate to talk and laugh loudly on such an occasion. 4. by contrast 相比之下 例句：In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相比之下，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · in contrast 相反；相比之下 · by comparison 相比较而言 · on the contrary 恰恰相反 〔拓展〕in contrast to/with 与……形成对比 〔拓展〕by contrast 不接to/with 〔短语练习〕 by contrast　in contrast　by comparison　on the contrary ① The north of the country is dry and cold; __________in contrast___________, the south is wet and warm. ② _________By comparison__________, the second draft was far clearer and easier to follow. ③ He did not give up; ________on the contrary_________, he worked even harder after the failure. ④ In some countries eye contact shows interest; in others, __________by contrast___________, it is thought rude. 5. approve vi. 赞成；同意 / vt. 批准；通过 词性转换：approval n. 赞成；批准 / disapproving adj. 不赞成的 / disapprove vi. 不赞成 搭配：approve of sb./sth. 赞成／同意某人（某事）； approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事； approve the method 批准该方法； win sb.'s approval 赢得某人的认可； meet with sb.'s approval 得到某人的赞同 例句：In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相比之下，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【语法填空】 ① She gave me an ___approving____ (approve) smile when I finished the task. ② She gave me a __disapproving__ (approve) look when I mentioned the plan. ③ 【真题句】（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·读后续写（改编为语法填空））Ultimately, David gave his ____approval____ (approve) to my proposal and rose to his feet. 【语块翻译】 ④ 我父母不赞成我熬夜复习功课。 → My parents do not approve of my staying up late to review my lessons. 6. demonstrate vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明；演示 / vi. 示威游行 词性转换：demonstration n. 演示；证明 / demonstrative adj. 感情外露的 / demonstrator n. 演示者 搭配：demonstrate sth. to sb. 向某人演示／说明某事； demonstrate that ... 表明／证明…… 例句：In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. 在日本，与年长者交谈时目光向下可能表示尊重。 【语法填空】 ① The __demonstrator__ (demonstrate) showed us how the new machine works. ② He is a warm and _demonstrative__ (demonstrate) father who often hugs his children. ③ The teacher gave a clear _demonstration__ (demonstrate) of how the experiment should be done. 【语块翻译】 ④ 研究表明，充足的睡眠对我们的学习能力至关重要。 → Research demonstrates that enough sleep is vital to our learning ability. 7. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用 词性转换：employee n. 雇员 / employer n. 雇主 / employment n. 就业；雇用；unemployment n, 失业 搭配：employ sb. as sth. 雇用某人担任……； employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事； employ oneself in doing sth 忙于做某事； be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事 例句：In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，看到别人使用这个手势的人可能会认为它表示钱。 【语法填空】 ① The ____employer____ (employ) promised to raise wages next year. ② Rising __unemployment__ (employ) has become a serious social problem there. ③ The company has more than two thousand ___employees____ (employ) in five countries. 【句子翻译】 ④ 英译汉：She employed a new method to help her students remember the words. → 她采用了一种新方法帮助学生记单词。 8. identical adj. 完全相同的；同一的 词性转换：identify vt. 认出；确认 / identity n. 身份；特征 / identification n. 鉴定；身份证明 搭配：be identical to sth. 与……完全相同； be identical with sth. 与……完全一致 例句：In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 在法国，遇到相同手势的人可能会把它理解为零。 【语法填空】 ① The _identification_ (identical) of the body took the police two days. ② The thief used a false ____identity____ (identical) card to enter the building. ③ The police were able to ____identify____ (identical) the suspect from the video. 【语块翻译】 ④ 这两个花瓶看起来一模一样，价格却相差十倍。 → The two vases look ____identical to each other_____, but their prices differ ten times. 9. interpret vt. 把……理解（解释）为；诠释；解读 / vi. & vt. 口译；翻译 词性转换：interpretation n. 解释；口译 / interpreter n. 口译者 / interpretive adj. 解释的 搭配：interpret sth. as sth. 把……理解为……； interpret for sb. 为某人口译 例句：In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 在法国，遇到相同手势的人可能会把它理解为零。 【语法填空】 ① The __interpretive__ (interpret) dance moved the whole audience to tears. ② The _interpretation_ (interpret) of the poem varies from reader to reader. ③ He worked as an __interpreter___ (interpret) at the international conference last week. 【语块翻译】 ④ 他的掌声被理解为对表演的高度赞扬。 → His applause was _interpreted as high praise for_ the performance. 10. differ vi. 相异；不同于；意见不一致 词性转换：difference n. 差别；不同 / different adj. 不同的 / differently adv. 不同地 搭配：differ from sth. 与……不同； differ in sth. 在……方面不同； differ with sb. on sth. 在某事上与某人意见不同； a difference between A and B A与B之间的差别 例句：Even the gestures we use for "yes" and "no" differ around the world. 甚至我们用来表示「是」和「不是」的手势在世界各地也不相同。 【语法填空】 ① The two brothers react __differently___ (differ) to the same situation. ② People from ___different____ (differ) cultures may behave quite differently. ③ There are obvious __differences___ (differ) between the two dialects in pronunciation. 【语块翻译】 ④ 哪怕一句简单的「谢谢」也能给别人带来很大改变。 → Even a simple "thank you" can ____make a big difference to____ others. 11. by comparison （与……）相比较 例句：By comparison, the second draft was far clearer and easier to follow. 相比较而言，第二稿清楚得多，也更容易理解。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · in comparison with 与……相比 · compared with/to 与……相比 〔拓展〕同族：compare vt. 比较；比作 〔拓展〕compare A with B 把A与B比较 〔拓展〕compare A to B 把A比作B 〔短语练习〕 ① _______In comparison with_______last year, the number of readers has doubled. ② _________By comparison__________, the second draft was far clearer and easier to follow. ③ _________Compared with__________his brother, he is more patient with children. 12. favour n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 / vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 词性转换：favourable adj. 有利的；赞同的 / favourite adj. 最喜爱的 搭配：in favour of sth. 支持／赞同……； do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙； ask sb. a favour 请某人帮个忙； win sb.'s favour 赢得某人的好感； favour doing sth. 较喜欢做某事 例句：Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或点头。 【语法填空】 ① Blue has always been his ___favourite____ (favour) colour. ② The weather was ___favourable___ (favour) for our mountain climbing last weekend. 【语块翻译】 ③ 能帮我个忙，把这份材料交给王老师吗？ → Could you do me a favour and pass this material to Mr. Wang? 13. make inferences 推理；推断 例句：Readers often make inferences about a character's feelings from his body language. 读者常根据人物的肢体语言推断其情感。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · draw an inference from 由……得出推断 〔拓展〕同族：infer vt. 推断；推论 〔拓展〕inference n. 推理；结论 〔拓展〕inferential adj. 推论的（阅读题干常见） 〔短语练习〕 make inferences　draw an inference from ① We can _____draw an inference from_____his sudden silence in the meeting. ② Readers often ________make inferences_________ about a character's feelings from his body language. 14. break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器）出故障 例句：A smile can break down barriers between people who have never met. 微笑能打破素不相识者之间的隔阂。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · break up 分手；解散；散会 · break out 爆发；突然发生 · break through 突破；取得重大进展 〔拓展〕同族：breakdown n. 故障；崩溃；分解 〔拓展〕break off 中断；折断 〔短语练习〕 break down　break up　break out　break through ① Their band will ____________break up____________after the final concert this summer. ② The team finally managed to _________break through__________the enemy defence. ③ A serious disease can ___________break out____________quickly in a crowded city. ④ A smile can ___________break down___________ barriers between people who have never met. 15. assess vt. 评估；评价；估算 词性转换：assessment n. 评价；评定 / assessor n. 评估员 / assessable adj. 可评估的 搭配：assess sb./sth. as sth. 把……评定为……； be assessed on sth. 按……来评定 例句：It takes years for teachers to learn how to assess a student's real ability from his body language. 教师要花很多年才能学会如何从学生的肢体语言判断他的真实能力。 【语法填空】 ① An ____assessor____ (assess) from the city visited our school last week. ② Whether the damage is ___assessable___ (assess) depends on the insurance company. ③ The final ___assessment___ (assess) of the course is based on both exams and projects. 【句子翻译】 ④ 英译汉：Before making the decision, the committee assessed the risks of the project carefully. → 在做出决定之前，委员会仔细评估了该项目的风险。 16. straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐 例句：When the teacher walked in, the students straightened up and stopped talking. 老师走进来时，学生们直起身子停止了交谈。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · straighten out 澄清；解决；使变直 · sit up straight 坐直 〔拓展〕同族：straight adj. 直的 adv. 直接地 〔拓展〕straighten vt. 使变直 〔短语练习〕 straighten up　straighten out　sit up straight ① When the teacher walked in, the students ________straightened up_________ and stopped talking. ② The doctor told me to ________sit up straight_________to protect my back. ③ The two friends sat down and ________straightened out________their misunderstanding. 17. reveal vt. 揭示；显示；露出；透露 词性转换：revelation n. 揭露；被揭露的事实 / revealing adj. 发人深省的 / revealingly adv. 揭示性地 搭配：reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事； reveal that ... 揭示／表明……； reveal the truth 揭露真相 例句：A person's body language may reveal feelings that words never express. 一个人的肢体语言可能透露出语言从未表达的情感。 【语法填空】 ① The new ___revelation___ (reveal) about the case shocked the whole country. ② The report is highly ___revealing____ (reveal) about how the money was spent. ③ He spoke __revealingly___ (reveal) about his own failure in the interview. 【语块翻译】 ④ 他的表情泄露了他内心的紧张。 → His trembling hands and pale face revealed the nervousness inside him. 18. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 例句：He said nothing about the plan. In other words, he did not agree with it. 他对这个计划一言未发。换句话说，他并不同意。 〔拓展〕同族：word n. 词；话；消息 〔拓展〕in a word 简言之 〔拓展〕have a word with sb. 与某人交谈 〔拓展〕Word came that ... 有消息传来…… 〔拓展〕keep one's word 守信 〔短语练习〕 ① ___________In a word____________, the trip was tiring but rewarding. ② He said nothing about the plan. _________In other words_________, he did not agree with it. 19. occupy vt. 占据；占用；占领；使忙碌 词性转换：occupation n. 职业；占领 / occupant n. 占用者 / occupational adj. 职业的 搭配：occupy oneself with sth. 使自己忙于某事； occupy oneself in doing sth. 使自己忙于做某事； be occupied with sth. 忙于某事； occupy one's mind 占据某人的心思 例句：With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window. 他们手托下巴，靠盯着窗外打发时间。 【语法填空】 ① The ___occupants____ (occupy) of the flat were asked to leave at once. ② Please write down your name, age and ___occupation___ (occupy) on the form. ③ The doctor warned him about the __occupational__ (occupy) risks of the job. 【语块翻译】 ④ 为了打发漫长的等待，她一直给朋友发信息。 → To occupy herself during the long wait, she kept texting her friends. 20. distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 词性转换：distraction n. 分心之物；娱乐 / distracted adj. 心不在焉的 / distracting adj. 使人分心的 搭配：distract sb. from sth. 使某人从……分心； be distracted by sth. 被……分散注意力； without distraction 心无旁骛地 例句：The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class. 最重要的是提醒分心的学生注意听课。 【语法填空】 ① Mobile phones are the biggest __distraction___ (distract) for students who study at home. ② He seemed ___distracted___ (distract) all morning and answered several questions wrongly. ③ The noise from the street was so __distracting___ (distract) that nobody could concentrate. 【语块翻译】 ④ 课堂上说话会分散其他同学的注意力。 → Talking in class distracts other students from their study. 21. perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解；注意到 词性转换：perception n. 知觉；看法；洞察力 / perceptive adj. 有洞察力的 / perceptible adj. 可察觉的 搭配：perceive sth. as sth. 把……看作……； perceive that ... 察觉／意识到…… 例句：While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, it is much harder to tell when they are troubled. 虽然很容易察觉学生何时感兴趣，但要看出他们何时有烦恼就难得多。 【语法填空】 ① Her ___perception___ (perceive) of the problem was far deeper than ours. ② A good reporter needs a ___perceptive___ (perceive) eye for small details. ③ The change in his voice was hardly __perceptible___ (perceive) to the listeners. 22. distinguish vt. 区分；辨别；使有别于 / vi. 分辨出 词性转换：distinction n. 区别；优秀 / distinct adj. 明显的；不同的 / distinguished adj. 杰出的 搭配：distinguish A from B 把A与B区分开； distinguish oneself 使自己出众； be distinguished for sth. 因……而著称； be distinguished as sth. 作为……而出名 例句：It is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 有时很难辨别学生何时遇到了烦恼。 【语法填空】 ① There is a ____distinct____ (distinguish) difference between the two dialects. ② There is a clear __distinction___ (distinguish) between being polite and being honest. ③ The guest speaker was a _distinguished__ (distinguish) professor from Peking University. ④ 【真题句】（2019·北京卷·阅读（改编为语法填空））This task interdependence _distinguishes__ (distinguish) baseball from football and basketball. 【句子翻译】 ⑤ 英译汉：He distinguished himself in the national maths competition last year. → 他在去年的全国数学竞赛中表现优异（脱颖而出）。 23. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕；渴望 词性转换：anxious adj. 焦虑的；渴望的 / anxiously adv. 焦急地 搭配：anxiety about sth. 对……的焦虑； anxiety to do sth. 做某事的渴望； with anxiety 焦虑地； be anxious for 渴望得到某物； be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 例句：Deep breathing is a simple way to reduce anxiety before an important exam. 深呼吸是缓解考前焦虑的简单方法。 【语法填空】 ① She waited ___anxiously____ (anxiety) for the result of the interview. ② She could not hide her ____anxious_____ (anxiety) look when the results came out. 【语块翻译】 ③ 做运动是缓解焦虑的好办法。 → Doing sports is a good way to ________relieve anxiety_________. 【句子翻译】 ④ 英译汉：He was anxious to know whether he had been chosen for the school team. → 他急切地想知道自己是否被选入校队。 24. call on （短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 例句：The chairman called on the students to take part in the volunteer programme. 主席号召学生们参加志愿活动。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · call for 需要；要求 · call off 取消 · call up 打电话给；使回忆起 〔拓展〕同族：call at 拜访（某地） 〔拓展〕call in 请（某人）来 〔短语练习〕 call on　call for　call off　call up ① The match was ___________called off___________because of the heavy rain. ② The old song ___________called up____________memories of my childhood in the countryside. ③ This difficult situation ___________calls for____________patience and careful thinking. ④ The chairman ___________called on____________ the students to take part in the volunteer programme. 25. at work 有某种影响；在工作；在起作用 例句：When you read body language, several factors are at work at the same time. 解读肢体语言时，有多种因素同时在起作用。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · out of work 失业 · work on 从事；致力于 · work out 算出；解决；锻炼 〔短语练习〕 at work　out of work　work on　work out ① When you read body language, several factors are ____________at work_____________ at the same time. ② He has been __________out of work___________since the factory closed last year. ③ The team is ___________working on___________a new way to save water in the fields. ④ It took me an hour to ____________work out____________the last maths problem. 26. adjust vt. 调整；调节 / vi. & vt. 适应；（使）习惯 词性转换：adjustment n. 调整；适应 / adjustable adj. 可调节的 搭配：adjust (oneself) to sth. 适应……； adjust sth. to sth. 调整某物以适应……； adjust to doing sth. 适应做某事； adjust (sth.) for sth. 对……作出调整 例句：It took her a few weeks to adjust to the new school and make friends there. 她花了几周时间才适应新学校并在那里交到朋友。 【语法填空】 ① Some minor __adjustments___ (adjust) have been made to the original plan. ② The seat of the bike is ___adjustable___ (adjust), so both children and adults can ride it. 【语块翻译】 ③ 他很快适应了高中更快的学习节奏。 → He soon adjusted to the faster pace of study in senior high school. 27. intervene vi. 干预；介入；出面调停 词性转换：intervention n. 干预；介入 搭配：intervene in sth. 介入／干预某事； intervene to do sth. 出面（介入）做某事； intervention in sth. 对……的干预 例句：When the two boys began to shout at each other, the teacher intervened and calmed them down. 两个男孩开始互相叫喊时，老师介入并让他们平静下来。 【语法填空】 ① Without timely __intervention__ (intervene), the small problem could have become a serious one. 【语块翻译】 ② 要不是老师及时介入，那两个同学就打起来了。 → But for the teacher's timely intervention, the two classmates would have come to blows. 28. react vi. （对……）起反应；回应；有不良反应 词性转换：reaction n. 反应；回应 / reactive adj. 反应性的 / reactor n. 反应堆 搭配：react to sth. 对……作出反应； react against sth. 反对／反抗……； react with sth. 与……发生化学反应； a reaction to sth. 对……的反应 例句：When students react to a question by looking down and avoiding eye contact, they may be embarrassed. 当学生对一个问题低头回避眼神交流时，他们可能是感到尴尬。 【语法填空】 ① The old ____reactor_____ (react) was shut down for safety reasons. ② Some children are highly ____reactive____ (react) to loud noises and bright light. ③ Her first ____reaction____ (react) was to laugh, but then she realized he was serious. 【语块翻译】 ④ 听到这个坏消息，他并没有像我们担心的那样反应过激。 → He did not ___overreact to the bad news____ as we had feared. 三、巩固练习 （一）课文语法填空（课文复述） 课文一 · Listening to How Bodies Talk（课文复述） We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our （interaction）__interactions__ with other people. Just like spoken language, body language （vary）_____varies_____ from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is （appropriate）_appropriately__ used in the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always （approve）____approved____ of. In Japan, it may （demonstration）__demonstrate___ respect to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In France, an （identity）___identical____ gesture may be （interpretation）__interpreted___ as meaning zero, while in Japan it may be understood as money. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” （difference）_____differ_____ around the world. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss （they）_____their______ friends on ______the_______ cheek when they meet, and elsewhere people favour shaking hands or bowing. 课文二 · How Do I Know My Students?（课文复述） As an （educate）____educator____, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Since it is hard to have one-on-one conversations with more than forty students, I look at their body language instead. When students are interested in a lesson, they （tendency）______tend______ to look up and make eye contact. People have a strong tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it （imply）____implies_____ that he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. Some students （occupation）_____occupy_____ themselves by staring out _______of_______ the window or up at the ceiling. Others look up but their eyes （mere）_____merely_____ follow the teacher without any real attention, and some spend all their time looking anywhere ______but_______ at me. When students （reaction）_____react______ to a question by looking down and avoiding eye contact, they may be （embarrass）__embarrassed___. While it is easy to perceive when students are interested or bored, it is much harder to （distinction）__distinguish___ when students are troubled. （二）作文佳句积累（应用文 · 读后续写） （1） 依我之见，读懂肢体语言最好的办法是观察别人的眼睛和双手。 → From my perspective, the best way to read body language is to watch other people's eyes and hands. （2） 希望这些建议对你大有裨益，也祝你早日学会读懂同学们的肢体语言。 → Hopefully, these suggestions will be of great benefit to you, and I wish you could soon learn to read your classmates' body language. （3） 他站在门口，眼里满是羞愧，双手紧紧抓着书包带。 → He stood at the door, his eyes filled with shame, his hands gripping the straps of his schoolbag. （4） 听到老师的表扬，一个灿烂的笑容在她脸上绽开。 → Hearing the teacher's praise, a bright smile spread across her face. （5） 她握紧拳头，屏住呼吸，努力不让自己的焦虑流露出来。 → She clenched her fists and held her breath, trying hard not to reveal her anxiety. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $null 人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Body Language 单词学案 一、词性转换（写出各单词的所有重要词性变化） 1. interaction n. 交流；相互影响 → ________________ (vi. 交流；相互作用) → ________________ (adj. 互动的；交互式的) → ________________ (adv. 互动地) 2. vary vi. （根据情况）变化；改变 → ________________ (adj. 各种各样的；不同的) → ________________ (n. 多样性；种类) → ________________ (n. 变化；变异) 3. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 → ________________ (adv. 适当地；恰当地) → ________________ (adj. 不合适的；不恰当的) → ________________ (n. 恰当；适宜) 4. approve vi. & vt. 赞成；批准 → ________________ (n. 赞成；批准) → ________________ (adj. 赞许的；许可的) → ________________ (vi. 不赞成；反对) 5. demonstrate vt. 证明；演示 → ________________ (n. 演示；证明；示威) → ________________ (adj. 感情外露的；指示的) → ________________ (n. 演示者；示威者) 6. employ vt. 雇用；使用 → ________________ (n. 雇员；员工) → ________________ (n. 雇主) → ________________ (n. 就业；雇用) → ________________ (n. 失业；失业率) 7. identical adj. 完全相同的 → ________________ (vt. 认出；确认；鉴定) → ________________ (n. 身份；特征) → ________________ (n. 鉴定；身份证明) 8. interpret vt. 把……理解为；口译 → ________________ (n. 解释；口译) → ________________ (n. 口译者；翻译员) → ________________ (adj. 解释的；诠释的) 9. differ vi. 相异；不同于 → ________________ (n. 差别；不同) → ________________ (adj. 不同的) → ________________ (adv. 不同地) 10. favour n. & vt. 恩惠；较喜欢 → ________________ (adj. 有利的；赞同的) → ________________ (adj. 最喜爱的 n. 最爱) 11. anger n. & vt. 愤怒；使生气 → ________________ (adj. 生气的；愤怒的) → ________________ (adv. 生气地；愤怒地) → ________________ (adj. 被激怒的；生气的) 12. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 → ________________ (vi. 依靠；信赖) → ________________ (n. 可靠性) → ________________ (adv. 可靠地) 13. assess vt. 评估；评价 → ________________ (n. 评价；评定) → ________________ (n. 评估员；顾问) → ________________ (adj. 可评估的) 14. reveal vt. 揭示；透露 → ________________ (n. 揭露；被揭露的事实) → ________________ (adj. 发人深省的；暴露真相的) → ________________ (adv. 揭示性地) 15. clarify vt. 阐明；澄清 → ________________ (n. 清楚；清晰) → ________________ (n. 澄清；说明) → ________________ (adj. 清楚的；明白的) 16. tendency n. 趋势；倾向 → ________________ (vi. 倾向；往往会) 17. occupy vt. 占据；占用 → ________________ (n. 职业；占领) → ________________ (adj. 忙于……的；被占用的) → ________________ (n. 占用者；居住者) 18. distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 → ________________ (n. 分心之物；娱乐) → ________________ (adj. 心不在焉的) → ________________ (adj. 使人分心的) 19. perceive vt. 察觉；看待 → ________________ (n. 知觉；看法；洞察力) → ________________ (adj. 有洞察力的；敏感的) → ________________ (adj. 可察觉的) 20. distinguish vt. 区分；辨别 → ________________ (n. 区别；优秀) → ________________ (adj. 明显的；不同的) → ________________ (adj. 杰出的；著名的) 21. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 → ________________ (adj. 焦虑的；渴望的) → ________________ (adv. 焦急地；渴望地) 22. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 → ________________ (vt. 使尴尬；使窘迫) → ________________ (adj. 令人尴尬的) → ________________ (n. 尴尬；窘迫) 23. adjust vt. & vi. 调整；适应 → ________________ (n. 调整；适应) → ________________ (adj. 可调节的；可调整的) 24. intervene vi. 干预；介入 → ________________ (n. 干预；介入) 25. react vi. （对……）起反应 → ________________ (n. 反应；回应) → ________________ (adj. 反应性的；易反应的) → ________________ (n. 反应堆；反应器) 二、单词、短语精讲 1. interaction n. 交流；相互影响；相互作用 词性转换：interact vi. 交流；相互作用 / interactive adj. 互动的 / interactively adv. 互动地 搭配：interaction with sb./sth. 与……的交流（互动）； social interaction 社会交往 例句：We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. 在与他人交流时，我们既使用语言也使用肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。 【语法填空】 ① The two classes worked ________________ (interaction) on the science project. ② The museum has designed several ________________ (interaction) exhibits for young visitors. 【语块翻译】 ③ 【教材原句·选必一U4】 面对面交流往往比在线聊天更能拉近人与人的距离。 → ________________________________ often brings people closer than chatting online. 2. vary vi. （根据情况）变化；改变；相异 词性转换：various adj. 各种各样的 / variety n. 多样性；种类 / variation n. 变化；变异；varying agi. 不同的；变化的 搭配：vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等；因……而异； vary in sth. 在……方面不同； vary with sth. 随……而变化； a variety of 各种各样的； Varieties of 各种各样的 例句：Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口头语言一样，肢体语言因文化而异。 【语法填空】 ① There is wide ________________ (vary) in the price of the same model. ② The shop sells ________________ (vary) kinds of green tea from the south. ③ The library offers a wide ________________ (vary) of English magazines. ④ 【真题句】（2020·天津卷（改编为语法填空））Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of ________________ (vary) weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. 【语块翻译】 ⑤ 不同地区的气候差别很大，从湿热的南方到干冷的北方。 → The climate ________________________________, from the hot and wet south to the dry and cold north. 3. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的；适当的 词性转换：appropriately adv. 适当地 / inappropriate adj. 不合适的 / appropriateness n. 恰当；适宜 搭配：be appropriate for sb./sth. 适合于……； be appropriate to sth. 与……相适应； it is appropriate to do sth. 做某事是恰当的 例句：The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 关键在于所用肢体语言要与所处文化相适应。 【语法填空】 ① The students were ________________ (appropriate) dressed for the formal ceremony. ② Wearing jeans to a job interview is generally considered ________________ (appropriate). ③ Teachers should consider the ________________ (appropriate) of the reading materials. 【句子翻译】 ④ 汉译英：在这种场合大声说笑是不合适的。 → ________________________________________________ 4. by contrast 相比之下 例句：In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相比之下，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · in contrast 相反；相比之下 · by comparison 相比较而言 · on the contrary 恰恰相反 〔拓展〕in contrast to/with 与……形成对比 〔拓展〕by contrast 不接to/with 〔短语练习〕 by contrast　in contrast　by comparison　on the contrary ① The north of the country is dry and cold; ________________________________, the south is wet and warm. ② ________________________________, the second draft was far clearer and easier to follow. ③ He did not give up; ________________________________, he worked even harder after the failure. ④ In some countries eye contact shows interest; in others, ________________________________, it is thought rude. 5. approve vi. 赞成；同意 / vt. 批准；通过 词性转换：approval n. 赞成；批准 / disapproving adj. 不赞成的 / disapprove vi. 不赞成 搭配：approve of sb./sth. 赞成／同意某人（某事）； approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事； approve the method 批准该方法； win sb.'s approval 赢得某人的认可； meet with sb.'s approval 得到某人的赞同 例句：In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相比之下，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【语法填空】 ① She gave me an ________________ (approve) smile when I finished the task. ② She gave me a ________________ (approve) look when I mentioned the plan. ③ 【真题句】（2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·读后续写（改编为语法填空））Ultimately, David gave his ________________ (approve) to my proposal and rose to his feet. 【语块翻译】 ④ 我父母不赞成我熬夜复习功课。 → My parents ________________________________ to review my lessons. 6. demonstrate vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明；演示 / vi. 示威游行 词性转换：demonstration n. 演示；证明 / demonstrative adj. 感情外露的 / demonstrator n. 演示者 搭配：demonstrate sth. to sb. 向某人演示／说明某事； demonstrate that ... 表明／证明…… 例句：In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. 在日本，与年长者交谈时目光向下可能表示尊重。 【语法填空】 ① The ________________ (demonstrate) showed us how the new machine works. ② He is a warm and ________________ (demonstrate) father who often hugs his children. ③ The teacher gave a clear ________________ (demonstrate) of how the experiment should be done. 【语块翻译】 ④ 研究表明，充足的睡眠对我们的学习能力至关重要。 → Research ________________________________ our learning ability. 7. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用 词性转换：employee n. 雇员 / employer n. 雇主 / employment n. 就业；雇用；unemployment n, 失业 搭配：employ sb. as sth. 雇用某人担任……； employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事； employ oneself in doing sth 忙于做某事； be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事 例句：In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，看到别人使用这个手势的人可能会认为它表示钱。 【语法填空】 ① The ________________ (employ) promised to raise wages next year. ② Rising ________________ (employ) has become a serious social problem there. ③ The company has more than two thousand ________________ (employ) in five countries. 【句子翻译】 ④ 英译汉：She employed a new method to help her students remember the words. → ________________________________________________ 8. identical adj. 完全相同的；同一的 词性转换：identify vt. 认出；确认 / identity n. 身份；特征 / identification n. 鉴定；身份证明 搭配：be identical to sth. 与……完全相同； be identical with sth. 与……完全一致 例句：In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 在法国，遇到相同手势的人可能会把它理解为零。 【语法填空】 ① The ________________ (identical) of the body took the police two days. ② The thief used a false ________________ (identical) card to enter the building. ③ The police were able to ________________ (identical) the suspect from the video. 【语块翻译】 ④ 这两个花瓶看起来一模一样，价格却相差十倍。 → The two vases look ________________________________, but their prices differ ten times. 9. interpret vt. 把……理解（解释）为；诠释；解读 / vi. & vt. 口译；翻译 词性转换：interpretation n. 解释；口译 / interpreter n. 口译者 / interpretive adj. 解释的 搭配：interpret sth. as sth. 把……理解为……； interpret for sb. 为某人口译 例句：In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 在法国，遇到相同手势的人可能会把它理解为零。 【语法填空】 ① The ________________ (interpret) dance moved the whole audience to tears. ② The ________________ (interpret) of the poem varies from reader to reader. ③ He worked as an ________________ (interpret) at the international conference last week. 【语块翻译】 ④ 他的掌声被理解为对表演的高度赞扬。 → His applause was ________________________________ the performance. 10. differ vi. 相异；不同于；意见不一致 词性转换：difference n. 差别；不同 / different adj. 不同的 / differently adv. 不同地 搭配：differ from sth. 与……不同； differ in sth. 在……方面不同； differ with sb. on sth. 在某事上与某人意见不同； a difference between A and B A与B之间的差别 例句：Even the gestures we use for "yes" and "no" differ around the world. 甚至我们用来表示「是」和「不是」的手势在世界各地也不相同。 【语法填空】 ① The two brothers react ________________ (differ) to the same situation. ② People from ________________ (differ) cultures may behave quite differently. ③ There are obvious ________________ (differ) between the two dialects in pronunciation. 【语块翻译】 ④ 哪怕一句简单的「谢谢」也能给别人带来很大改变。 → Even a simple "thank you" can ________________________________ others. 11. by comparison （与……）相比较 例句：By comparison, the second draft was far clearer and easier to follow. 相比较而言，第二稿清楚得多，也更容易理解。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · in comparison with 与……相比 · compared with/to 与……相比 〔拓展〕同族：compare vt. 比较；比作 〔拓展〕compare A with B 把A与B比较 〔拓展〕compare A to B 把A比作B 〔短语练习〕 ① ________________________________last year, the number of readers has doubled. ② ________________________________, the second draft was far clearer and easier to follow. ③ ________________________________his brother, he is more patient with children. 12. favour n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 / vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 词性转换：favourable adj. 有利的；赞同的 / favourite adj. 最喜爱的 搭配：in favour of sth. 支持／赞同……； do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙； ask sb. a favour 请某人帮个忙； win sb.'s favour 赢得某人的好感； favour doing sth. 较喜欢做某事 例句：Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或点头。 【语法填空】 ① Blue has always been his ________________ (favour) colour. ② The weather was ________________ (favour) for our mountain climbing last weekend. 【语块翻译】 ③ 能帮我个忙，把这份材料交给王老师吗？ → Could you ________________________________ Mr. Wang? 13. make inferences 推理；推断 例句：Readers often make inferences about a character's feelings from his body language. 读者常根据人物的肢体语言推断其情感。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · draw an inference from 由……得出推断 〔拓展〕同族：infer vt. 推断；推论 〔拓展〕inference n. 推理；结论 〔拓展〕inferential adj. 推论的（阅读题干常见） 〔短语练习〕 make inferences　draw an inference from ① We can ________________________________his sudden silence in the meeting. ② Readers often ________________________________ about a character's feelings from his body language. 14. break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器）出故障 例句：A smile can break down barriers between people who have never met. 微笑能打破素不相识者之间的隔阂。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · break up 分手；解散；散会 · break out 爆发；突然发生 · break through 突破；取得重大进展 〔拓展〕同族：breakdown n. 故障；崩溃；分解 〔拓展〕break off 中断；折断 〔短语练习〕 break down　break up　break out　break through ① Their band will ________________________________after the final concert this summer. ② The team finally managed to ________________________________the enemy defence. ③ A serious disease can ________________________________quickly in a crowded city. ④ A smile can ________________________________ barriers between people who have never met. 15. assess vt. 评估；评价；估算 词性转换：assessment n. 评价；评定 / assessor n. 评估员 / assessable adj. 可评估的 搭配：assess sb./sth. as sth. 把……评定为……； be assessed on sth. 按……来评定 例句：It takes years for teachers to learn how to assess a student's real ability from his body language. 教师要花很多年才能学会如何从学生的肢体语言判断他的真实能力。 【语法填空】 ① An ________________ (assess) from the city visited our school last week. ② Whether the damage is ________________ (assess) depends on the insurance company. ③ The final ________________ (assess) of the course is based on both exams and projects. 【句子翻译】 ④ 英译汉：Before making the decision, the committee assessed the risks of the project carefully. → ________________________________________________ 16. straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐 例句：When the teacher walked in, the students straightened up and stopped talking. 老师走进来时，学生们直起身子停止了交谈。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · straighten out 澄清；解决；使变直 · sit up straight 坐直 〔拓展〕同族：straight adj. 直的 adv. 直接地 〔拓展〕straighten vt. 使变直 〔短语练习〕 straighten up　straighten out　sit up straight ① When the teacher walked in, the students ________________________________ and stopped talking. ② The doctor told me to ________________________________to protect my back. ③ The two friends sat down and ________________________________their misunderstanding. 17. reveal vt. 揭示；显示；露出；透露 词性转换：revelation n. 揭露；被揭露的事实 / revealing adj. 发人深省的 / revealingly adv. 揭示性地 搭配：reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事； reveal that ... 揭示／表明……； reveal the truth 揭露真相 例句：A person's body language may reveal feelings that words never express. 一个人的肢体语言可能透露出语言从未表达的情感。 【语法填空】 ① The new ________________ (reveal) about the case shocked the whole country. ② The report is highly ________________ (reveal) about how the money was spent. ③ He spoke ________________ (reveal) about his own failure in the interview. 【语块翻译】 ④ 他的表情泄露了他内心的紧张。 → His trembling hands and pale face ________________________________. 18. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 例句：He said nothing about the plan. In other words, he did not agree with it. 他对这个计划一言未发。换句话说，他并不同意。 〔拓展〕同族：word n. 词；话；消息 〔拓展〕in a word 简言之 〔拓展〕have a word with sb. 与某人交谈 〔拓展〕Word came that ... 有消息传来…… 〔拓展〕keep one's word 守信 〔短语练习〕 ① ________________________________, the trip was tiring but rewarding. ② He said nothing about the plan. ________________________________, he did not agree with it. 19. occupy vt. 占据；占用；占领；使忙碌 词性转换：occupation n. 职业；占领 / occupant n. 占用者 / occupational adj. 职业的 搭配：occupy oneself with sth. 使自己忙于某事； occupy oneself in doing sth. 使自己忙于做某事； be occupied with sth. 忙于某事； occupy one's mind 占据某人的心思 例句：With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window. 他们手托下巴，靠盯着窗外打发时间。 【语法填空】 ① The ________________ (occupy) of the flat were asked to leave at once. ② Please write down your name, age and ________________ (occupy) on the form. ③ The doctor warned him about the ________________ (occupy) risks of the job. 【语块翻译】 ④ 为了打发漫长的等待，她一直给朋友发信息。 → To ________________________________, she kept texting her friends. 20. distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 词性转换：distraction n. 分心之物；娱乐 / distracted adj. 心不在焉的 / distracting adj. 使人分心的 搭配：distract sb. from sth. 使某人从……分心； be distracted by sth. 被……分散注意力； without distraction 心无旁骛地 例句：The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class. 最重要的是提醒分心的学生注意听课。 【语法填空】 ① Mobile phones are the biggest ________________ (distract) for students who study at home. ② He seemed ________________ (distract) all morning and answered several questions wrongly. ③ The noise from the street was so ________________ (distract) that nobody could concentrate. 【语块翻译】 ④ 课堂上说话会分散其他同学的注意力。 → Talking in class ________________________________. 21. perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解；注意到 词性转换：perception n. 知觉；看法；洞察力 / perceptive adj. 有洞察力的 / perceptible adj. 可察觉的 搭配：perceive sth. as sth. 把……看作……； perceive that ... 察觉／意识到…… 例句：While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, it is much harder to tell when they are troubled. 虽然很容易察觉学生何时感兴趣，但要看出他们何时有烦恼就难得多。 【语法填空】 ① Her ________________ (perceive) of the problem was far deeper than ours. ② A good reporter needs a ________________ (perceive) eye for small details. ③ The change in his voice was hardly ________________ (perceive) to the listeners. 22. distinguish vt. 区分；辨别；使有别于 / vi. 分辨出 词性转换：distinction n. 区别；优秀 / distinct adj. 明显的；不同的 / distinguished adj. 杰出的 搭配：distinguish A from B 把A与B区分开； distinguish oneself 使自己出众； be distinguished for sth. 因……而著称； be distinguished as sth. 作为……而出名 例句：It is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 有时很难辨别学生何时遇到了烦恼。 【语法填空】 ① There is a ________________ (distinguish) difference between the two dialects. ② There is a clear ________________ (distinguish) between being polite and being honest. ③ The guest speaker was a ________________ (distinguish) professor from Peking University. ④ 【真题句】（2019·北京卷·阅读（改编为语法填空））This task interdependence ________________ (distinguish) baseball from football and basketball. 【句子翻译】 ⑤ 英译汉：He distinguished himself in the national maths competition last year. → ________________________________________________ 23. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕；渴望 词性转换：anxious adj. 焦虑的；渴望的 / anxiously adv. 焦急地 搭配：anxiety about sth. 对……的焦虑； anxiety to do sth. 做某事的渴望； with anxiety 焦虑地； be anxious for 渴望得到某物； be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 例句：Deep breathing is a simple way to reduce anxiety before an important exam. 深呼吸是缓解考前焦虑的简单方法。 【语法填空】 ① She waited ________________ (anxiety) for the result of the interview. ② She could not hide her ________________ (anxiety) look when the results came out. 【语块翻译】 ③ 做运动是缓解焦虑的好办法。 → Doing sports is a good way to ________________________________. 【句子翻译】 ④ 英译汉：He was anxious to know whether he had been chosen for the school team. → ________________________________________________ 24. call on （短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 例句：The chairman called on the students to take part in the volunteer programme. 主席号召学生们参加志愿活动。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · call for 需要；要求 · call off 取消 · call up 打电话给；使回忆起 〔拓展〕同族：call at 拜访（某地） 〔拓展〕call in 请（某人）来 〔短语练习〕 call on　call for　call off　call up ① The match was ________________________________because of the heavy rain. ② The old song ________________________________memories of my childhood in the countryside. ③ This difficult situation ________________________________patience and careful thinking. ④ The chairman ________________________________ the students to take part in the volunteer programme. 25. at work 有某种影响；在工作；在起作用 例句：When you read body language, several factors are at work at the same time. 解读肢体语言时，有多种因素同时在起作用。 〔同族短语归纳〕 · out of work 失业 · work on 从事；致力于 · work out 算出；解决；锻炼 〔短语练习〕 at work　out of work　work on　work out ① When you read body language, several factors are ________________________________ at the same time. ② He has been ________________________________since the factory closed last year. ③ The team is ________________________________a new way to save water in the fields. ④ It took me an hour to ________________________________the last maths problem. 26. adjust vt. 调整；调节 / vi. & vt. 适应；（使）习惯 词性转换：adjustment n. 调整；适应 / adjustable adj. 可调节的 搭配：adjust (oneself) to sth. 适应……； adjust sth. to sth. 调整某物以适应……； adjust to doing sth. 适应做某事； adjust (sth.) for sth. 对……作出调整 例句：It took her a few weeks to adjust to the new school and make friends there. 她花了几周时间才适应新学校并在那里交到朋友。 【语法填空】 ① Some minor ________________ (adjust) have been made to the original plan. ② The seat of the bike is ________________ (adjust), so both children and adults can ride it. 【语块翻译】 ③ 他很快适应了高中更快的学习节奏。 → He soon ________________________________ in senior high school. 27. intervene vi. 干预；介入；出面调停 词性转换：intervention n. 干预；介入 搭配：intervene in sth. 介入／干预某事； intervene to do sth. 出面（介入）做某事； intervention in sth. 对……的干预 例句：When the two boys began to shout at each other, the teacher intervened and calmed them down. 两个男孩开始互相叫喊时，老师介入并让他们平静下来。 【语法填空】 ① Without timely ________________ (intervene), the small problem could have become a serious one. 【语块翻译】 ② 要不是老师及时介入，那两个同学就打起来了。 → ________________________________, the two classmates would have come to blows. 28. react vi. （对……）起反应；回应；有不良反应 词性转换：reaction n. 反应；回应 / reactive adj. 反应性的 / reactor n. 反应堆 搭配：react to sth. 对……作出反应； react against sth. 反对／反抗……； react with sth. 与……发生化学反应； a reaction to sth. 对……的反应 例句：When students react to a question by looking down and avoiding eye contact, they may be embarrassed. 当学生对一个问题低头回避眼神交流时，他们可能是感到尴尬。 【语法填空】 ① The old ________________ (react) was shut down for safety reasons. ② Some children are highly ________________ (react) to loud noises and bright light. ③ Her first ________________ (react) was to laugh, but then she realized he was serious. 【语块翻译】 ④ 听到这个坏消息，他并没有像我们担心的那样反应过激。 → He did not ________________________________ as we had feared. 三、巩固练习 （一）课文语法填空（课文复述） 课文一 · Listening to How Bodies Talk（课文复述） We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our （interaction）________________ with other people. Just like spoken language, body language （vary）________________ from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is （appropriate）________________ used in the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always （approve）________________ of. In Japan, it may （demonstration）________________ respect to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In France, an （identity）________________ gesture may be （interpretation）________________ as meaning zero, while in Japan it may be understood as money. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” （difference）________________ around the world. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss （they）________________ friends on ________________ cheek when they meet, and elsewhere people favour shaking hands or bowing. 课文二 · How Do I Know My Students?（课文复述） As an （educate）________________, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Since it is hard to have one-on-one conversations with more than forty students, I look at their body language instead. When students are interested in a lesson, they （tendency）________________ to look up and make eye contact. People have a strong tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it （imply）________________ that he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. Some students （occupation）________________ themselves by staring out ________________ the window or up at the ceiling. Others look up but their eyes （mere）________________ follow the teacher without any real attention, and some spend all their time looking anywhere ________________ at me. When students （reaction）________________ to a question by looking down and avoiding eye contact, they may be （embarrass）________________. While it is easy to perceive when students are interested or bored, it is much harder to （distinction）________________ when students are troubled. （二）作文佳句积累（应用文 · 读后续写） （1） 依我之见，读懂肢体语言最好的办法是观察别人的眼睛和双手。 → ________________________________ （2） 希望这些建议对你大有裨益，也祝你早日学会读懂同学们的肢体语言。 → ________________________________ （3） 他站在门口，眼里满是羞愧，双手紧紧抓着书包带。 → ________________________________ （4） 听到老师的表扬，一个灿烂的笑容在她脸上绽开。 → ________________________________ （5） 她握紧拳头，屏住呼吸，努力不让自己的焦虑流露出来。 → ________________________________ 四、参考答案 （一）词性转换 1. interaction n. 交流；相互影响 → interact；interactive；interactively 2. vary vi. （根据情况）变化；改变 → various；variety；variation 3. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 → appropriately；inappropriate；appropriateness 4. approve vi. & vt. 赞成；批准 → approval；approving；disapprove 5. demonstrate vt. 证明；演示 → demonstration；demonstrative；demonstrator 6. employ vt. 雇用；使用 → employee；employer；employment；unemployment 7. identical adj. 完全相同的 → identify；identity；identification 8. interpret vt. 把……理解为；口译 → interpretation；interpreter；interpretive 9. differ vi. 相异；不同于 → difference；different；differently 10. favour n. & vt. 恩惠；较喜欢 → favourable；favourite 11. anger n. & vt. 愤怒；使生气 → angry；angrily；angered 12. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 → rely；reliability；reliably 13. assess vt. 评估；评价 → assessment；assessor；assessable 14. reveal vt. 揭示；透露 → revelation；revealing；revealingly 15. clarify vt. 阐明；澄清 → clarity；clarification；clear 16. tendency n. 趋势；倾向 → tend 17. occupy vt. 占据；占用 → occupation；occupied；occupant 18. distract vt. 分散（注意力）；使分心 → distraction；distracted；distracting 19. perceive vt. 察觉；看待 → perception；perceptive；perceptible 20. distinguish vt. 区分；辨别 → distinction；distinct；distinguished 21. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 → anxious；anxiously 22. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 → embarrass；embarrassing；embarrassment 23. adjust vt. & vi. 调整；适应 → adjustment；adjustable 24. intervene vi. 干预；介入 → intervention 25. react vi. （对……）起反应 → reaction；reactive；reactor （二）重点单词 1. interaction 练习：语法填空：interactively；语法填空：interactive；语块翻译：Face-to-face interaction 2. vary 真题句：varying ｜ 练习：语法填空：variation；语法填空：various；语法填空：variety；语块翻译：varies from region to region 3. appropriate 练习：语法填空：appropriately；语法填空：inappropriate；语法填空：appropriateness；汉译英：It is inappropriate to talk and laugh loudly on such an occasion. 4. by contrast 短语练习：in contrast；By comparison；on the contrary；by contrast 5. approve 真题句：approval ｜ 练习：语法填空：approving；语法填空：disapproving；语块翻译：do not approve of my staying up late 6. demonstrate 练习：语法填空：demonstrator；语法填空：demonstrative；语法填空：demonstration；语块翻译：demonstrates that enough sleep is vital to 7. employ 练习：语法填空：employer；语法填空：unemployment；语法填空：employees；英译汉：她采用了一种新方法帮助学生记单词。 8. identical 练习：语法填空：identification；语法填空：identity；语法填空：identify；语块翻译：identical to each other 9. interpret 练习：语法填空：interpretive；语法填空：interpretation；语法填空：interpreter；语块翻译：interpreted as high praise for 10. differ 练习：语法填空：differently；语法填空：different；语法填空：differences；语块翻译：make a big difference to 11. by comparison 短语练习：In comparison with；By comparison；Compared with 12. favour 练习：语法填空：favourite；语法填空：favourable；语块翻译：do me a favour and pass this material to 13. make inferences 短语练习：draw an inference from；make inferences 14. break down 短语练习：break up；break through；break out；break down 15. assess 练习：语法填空：assessor；语法填空：assessable；语法填空：assessment；英译汉：在做出决定之前，委员会仔细评估了该项目的风险。 16. straighten up 短语练习：straightened up；sit up straight；straightened out 17. reveal 练习：语法填空：revelation；语法填空：revealing；语法填空：revealingly；语块翻译：revealed the nervousness inside him 18. in other words 短语练习：In a word；In other words 19. occupy 练习：语法填空：occupants；语法填空：occupation；语法填空：occupational；语块翻译：occupy herself during the long wait 20. distract 练习：语法填空：distraction；语法填空：distracted；语法填空：distracting；语块翻译：distracts other students from their study 21. perceive 练习：语法填空：perception；语法填空：perceptive；语法填空：perceptible 22. distinguish 真题句：distinguishes ｜ 练习：语法填空：distinct；语法填空：distinction；语法填空：distinguished；英译汉：他在去年的全国数学竞赛中表现优异（脱颖而出）。 23. anxiety 练习：语法填空：anxiously；语法填空：anxious；语块翻译：relieve anxiety；英译汉：他急切地想知道自己是否被选入校队。 24. call on 短语练习：called off；called up；calls for；called on 25. at work 短语练习：at work；out of work；working on；work out 26. adjust 练习：语法填空：adjustments；语法填空：adjustable；语块翻译：adjusted to the faster pace of study 27. intervene 练习：语法填空：intervention；语块翻译：But for the teacher's timely intervention 28. react 练习：语法填空：reactor；语法填空：reactive；语法填空：reaction；语块翻译：overreact to the bad news （三）巩固练习 （一）课文语法填空（课文复述） 答案：interactions / varies / appropriately / approved / demonstrate / identical / interpreted / differ / their / the；educator / tend / implies / occupy / of / merely / but / react / embarrassed / distinguish （二）作文佳句积累（应用文 · 读后续写） 答案：依我之见，读懂肢体语言最好的办法是观察别人的眼睛和双手。 → From my perspective, the best way to read body language is to watch other people's eyes and hands.；希望这些建议对你大有裨益，也祝你早日学会读懂同学们的肢体语言。 → Hopefully, these suggestions will be of great benefit to you, and I wish you could soon learn to read your classmates' body language.；他站在门口，眼里满是羞愧，双手紧紧抓着书包带。 → He stood at the door, his eyes filled with shame, his hands gripping the straps of his schoolbag.；听到老师的表扬，一个灿烂的笑容在她脸上绽开。 → Hearing the teacher's praise, a bright smile spread across her face.；她握紧拳头，屏住呼吸，努力不让自己的焦虑流露出来。 → She clenched her fists and held her breath, trying hard not to reveal her anxiety. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $