专题21 阅读理解（复习讲义）（全国通用）（2027年春季高考英语）

专题21 阅读理解 目录 考情分析与做题方法 1 知识体系构建 3 考点精析与突破 2 考点一：语篇特征识别 3 考点二：推理判断题 4 考点三：细节理解题 5 考点四：词义猜测题 6 考点五：主旨大意题..........................................................................................................................................6 实战精练与提升 7 考试要求 阅读理解是高考英语的核心题型之一，以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。其核心是考查学生综合运用语言的能力，具体包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意他和标题归纳题等。记叙文涵盖故事叙述、人物传记、哲理感悟、生活趣事等题材。其核心考查 把握叙事逻辑、分析人物情感、提炼主旨大意、推理隐含信息的能力，具有情节完整、情感鲜明、逻辑清晰的特点。二轮复习需突破情节梳理混乱、人物分析表面化、主旨概括片面、推理过度等痛点，通过语篇特征拆解 + 解题技巧落地 + 针对性训练的模式，实现解题精度与效率的双重提升，助力学生在该题型中稳拿基础分、冲刺高分。应用文涵盖广告、通知、旅游指南、招聘启事、产品说明、新闻报道等多种体裁。其核心考查 快速定位关键信息、精准理解实用内容、逻辑推理语篇意图的能力，具有 语篇结构清晰、信息密度高、实用性强的特点。二轮复习需突破信息定位慢、细节辨析不清、语篇意图误判等痛点，通过语篇特征识别+解题技巧应用+针对性训练的模式，实现解题速度与准确率的双重提升。 考生需做到： 1. 能快速识别题型类别。 2. 能精准定位时间、地点、价格、条件等关键实用信息，理解细节之间的逻辑关系； 3. 能根据语篇内容推断文章出处、作者写作意图、目标读者等隐含信息； 4. 能概括语篇主旨大意，理解核心内容与次要信息的区别； 5. 能猜测语篇中陌生词汇、缩写词的含义，结合语境完成语义理解。 做题方法 1. 题文同读。先审题（关键词），带着问题速读全文。用笔在在原文中相关的语句或段落的旁标注题号。做到有理有据。 2.考生不要加入自己的思想观点，要跟作者产生共鸣。 3.每篇短文的设题顺序基本是按照文章段落的顺序设置。 4.正确的选项是对原文中关键句的同义替换。（这种解题方法适应于细节题、猜词题、推断题。） 5.抓住每篇文章首末段，每段首末句，快速抓住文章主旨。 6.善用排除法。选项的迷惑项一般是概括过渡（太片面太绝对）偷换概念，以偏概全，无中生有（虽然说得很对，但和文章一点关系都没有） 考点一：语篇特征识别 快速识别语篇的体裁、结构与关键信息位置，是解题的前提。不同体裁的语篇有固定的信息布局（如广告的价格/优惠、通知的时间/要求）。 典型例句 ①广告类 Package Includes: 5 Nights’ Accommodations, Discover Nashville Tour, Grand Ole Opry Tickets 旅游广告→核心信息：包含服务 ②通知类 Deadline for application: Jan. 15th. Requirements: aged 18+, resume required 招聘通知→核心信息：截止日期、要求 ③指南类 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge. Walk Duration: 6 hours. Note: wear waterproof shoes”（徒步指南→核心信息：起点、时长、注意事项）； ④新闻类 Djokovic bagged 24 Grand Slam singles titles, equalized the record held by Margaret Court 体育新闻→核心信息：事件、结果）。 【巩固练】 Yangzhou Spring Tour Package Duration: 3 days 2 nights Accommodation: 4-star hotel near Slender West Lake Included: Boat tour on Slender West Lake, Dong Guan Street food tour, free breakfast Price: ¥899/person (discount for groups of 5+) Booking: Call 400-XXX-XXXX before Mar. 31st” 1. What is a requirement for getting a discount? A. Booking before Mar. 31st. B. Traveling with a group of 5+ C. Staying in a 4-star hotel. D. Joining the food tour. 考点二：推理判断题 推理判断题需基于文本细节，推导隐含信息（如作者态度、事件因果、文章出处），严禁 无中生有、过度解读，所有推理必须有文本依据。 二、典型例句 ①作者态度 The workshop will be held on Apr. 10th from 2:00-4:00 pm in Room 302. The boy’s selfless act moved everyone around him. It was one of the most touching things I’ve ever seen. 态度：admiring, positive（赞赏、积极） ②文章出处 As a famous scientist, Einstein’s childhood was full of curiosity. He often asked ‘why’ and loved exploring the world around him. This curiosity led to his great discoveries. 出处：biography（传记） ③隐含因果 She failed the exam because she didn’t study hard. But the real reason was that she lacked confidence in herself. 深层原因：缺乏自信 ④插叙标识 Li Ming’s father left home three years ago. He had to work in the city to pay for Li Ming’s education. 李明的父亲三年前离家。他不得不去城市工作，为李明的学费挣钱。（插叙背景） 【巩固练】 Sandoval, who comes from Los Angeles, has traveled and filmed in over 50 countries across seven continents and now lives in China... With the hope of trying something different for himself, he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then... The varied culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning... He thinks he has done a lot in “this beautiful and vast country” with his “travel photos”. “I try to show people the beauty of where I go. I try to inspire them to travel and go to places. 1. What is the writing purpose of this passage? A. To call on readers to take up photography. B. To praise Sandoval for spreading Chinese culture. C. To facilitate the development of tourism in Chengdu. D. To introduce the experience of a professional photographer. 考点三：细节理解题 细节理解题占应用文考查的60%以上，侧重对时间、地点、价格、条件、包含内容等实用信息的精准定位与辨析，需避免偷换概念、扩大范围等干扰项。 二、典型例句 ①原文：The workshop will be held on Apr. 10th from 2:00-4:00 pm in Room 302. 题目 When will the workshop take place? 答案：Apr. 10th 2:00-4:00 pm； ②原文：Price: ¥120 per person, free for children under 12. 题目：How much should a couple with a 10-year-old child pay? 答案：¥240 ③原文：Requirements: Participants must bring their student ID and fill in the application form online. 题目：What is required for participants? 答案：Bring student ID and fill in the online form 考点四：词义猜测题 猜测文中的陌生词汇、缩写词或专业术语，需结合上下文语境和实用场景（如广告中的discount,delegation，通知中的deadline, venue）。记叙文的词义猜测多与人物情感、情节发展相关，需结合上下文的情感词、动作词或转折关系，推导词汇的语境含义，而非仅靠词典义。 二、典型例句 ①原文：The conference will be held at the main venue, with a backup venue in case of bad weather. 语境：held at+backup（备用）→venue =场地； ②原文：All participants must submit their application before the deadline. Late applications will not be accepted. 语境：before+late applications not accepted→deadline=截止日期 ③语篇标题：How to Use Your New Smart Watch. 出处：产品说明书；意图：指导使用智能手表 ④语篇结尾：The delegation from China will attend the international forum. They consist of 10 experts in environmental protection. →语境：10 experts→delegation=代表团 【巩固练】 To him, Chengdu is the capital of a laid-back lifestyle. He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets “as slowly as snails”. Almost a “walking encyclopedia” of Chengdu, Sandoval covered every corner of Chengdu and recorded Chengduese and their lives with his camera. 1.. What does the underlined word “laid-back” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Leisurely. B．Simple. C．Luxurious. D．Healthy. 考点五：主旨大意题 概括主旨大意或选择标题，需抓住核心信息（如活动名称、产品类型、通知主题），避免被细节信息干扰。记叙文的主旨多隐含在结尾的升华句中，故事类主旨侧重情感/经历的启示，哲理类主旨侧重人生道理，解题需避免被细节干扰，整合情节 + 结尾升华。 二、典型例句 ①语篇标题：2025 Nanjing International Marathon Registration 主旨：南京国际马拉松报名相关信息 ②语篇小标题：Package Includes, Price, Booking Info, Note、 主旨：旅游套餐的详细信息 ③语篇核心句：The school will hold a Science and Technology Festival from Nov. 5th to 10th, with activities like robot competitions, science lectures and invention shows. 主旨：学校科技节的时间与活动安排 ④高频词：语篇中反复出现electric car, price, features, booking 主旨：电动汽车的价格、特点及预订信息 【巩固练】 I have always been proud of my handwriting... But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards... They said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written... Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point... So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate. 1. What is the text mainly about? A. The wide use of cursive. B. The sad decline of cursive. C. The value of preserving cursive. D. The technique of writing in cursive. 一、基础训练 Passage 1 Make Your Own Sports Drink Coconut water contains natural electrolytes (电解质) , including potassium and sodium, which are critical to proper nerve and muscle function. Instead of grabbing a commercial sports drink that contains unnecessary sugar, calories, and artificial dyes (染料), mix equal parts coconut water and fresh-squeezed juice (and a dash of raw honey, if you like it sweet) for an all-natural version.Freeze Fruity Pops (冰棒) Turn these summer treats into a refueling tool. Blend a hydrating (水合物) fruit such as watermelon (which contains 91.5 percent water) with lemon juice (an excellent source of potassium). Add coconut water for an electrolyte boost and raw honey for a touch of sweetness, if you like. Then fill ice pop molds and freeze for about an hour. Sip Some Summer Soup No one wants hot soup on a. summer day. Instead, make a classic gazpacho (番茄冻汤) by blending tomato (which contains 94.5 percent water) and cucumber (which contains 96.7 percent water) with a little garlic and sea salt. Or experiment with cold soups made from other foods with high water content, such as cauliflower, celery, spinach, berries, and zucchini. Refuel with Milk One study that appeared in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism showed that athletes who consumed milk or milk-based products had better fluid retention (保留) than those who drank Powerade. The protein in milk also helps your body recharge after physical exertion. For the healthiest choice, go for fat-free or reduced-fat varieties. 1．We can learn something about the commercial sports drink from the first paragraph EXCEPT _________. A．It contains sugar, calories, and man-made dyes. B．It is an unnatural drink. C．There are no electrolytes in it. D．There is no fresh-squeezed juice in it. 2．We can use many foods to make cold soups EXCEPT _________. A．Celery B．Apple C．Strawberry D．Potato 3．When you finished a sport exercise, you should drink _________ to regain energy. A．Sports Drink B．Freeze Fruity Pops C．Cold-Soup D．Milk-based products 4．This is a passage of _________. A．Research for health B．Tips for delicious hydration C．News for healthy foods. D．Experiment report Passage 2 About Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Casile plays an important role in Scotland’s capital. During the Wars of Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce. The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts are still a military base, but the castle is now a world-famous visitor attraction.Opening Hours: The castle opens daily at 9:30 a.m. Closing time varies seasonally: 1 Apr. ～30 Sept.: it closes at 6 p.m. 1 Oct. ～31 Mar.: it closes at 5 p.m. The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On January 1st we are open from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. and normal hours from January 2nd. Last admission is I hour before closing.Ticket Types and Prices: Beat the queues and book ahead online using our webstore for fast-track entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply need to show their card at Visitor Information. Prices: Child (5～15 yrs) :￡ 9.90 Adult (16～59 yrs) :￡ 16.50 Concession (优惠价) (60 yrs+) : ￡13.20 Children under 5 years old go free, but they must be accompanied by an adult.Guided Tours: A guided tour is included in your ticket price — our guides love sharing their stories. They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so it’s a great way to discover the castle’s amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock. 5．What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text? A．It was used as a prison in the 1500s. B．It is once owned by non-Scottish people. C．It is the birthplace of Queen Margaret. D．It now functions merely as a tourist site. 6．When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Year’s Day? A．4 p.m.～6 p.m.. B．10 a.m.～l2 a.m.. C．1 p.m.～3 p.m.. D．9 a.m～11 a.m.. 7．How much should Jack, aged 62, and his twin 5-year-old grandchildren pay in all to visit Edinburgh Castle? A．£13.20 B．£36. 30 C．£16.50 D．£33.00 8．What is true about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle? A．They are provided only at the Portcullis Gate. B．They are provided only at certain times. C．Questions aren’t welcomed during them. D．They cost no extra money. Passage 3 The day was like any other day in his life. Tom walked past the shop on the street corner. He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much was still there. Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have them for his birthday. He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew very well she had little money. He decided not to go home at once, as he looked sad and his mother noticed it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass. There he saw a boy moving a wheelchair with his hands. Tom looked at him and was surprised to see that the boy had no feet. He looked at his own feet. “It’s much better to be without shoes than without feet.” He thought. There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad. He went away and smiled, thinking he was happier. 9．Tom passed the shop ________. A．on foot B．by bike C．in a wheelchair D．by bus 10．Tom stopped in front of the shop because he wanted to ______. A．buy the shoes B．look at the shoes he liked C．buy a present for his mother D．get something for his birthday party 11．That pair of shoes Tom liked was ________. A．too cheap B．too large for him C．not sold out D．not there 12．Why did Tom go to the park? A．many nice shoes sold there B．he wanted to play there for a while C．he wanted to see his disabled friend D．he didn’t want to make his mother worried Passage 4 When I was a child, my family lived a simple life in a small town. My father was a hardworking factory worker, and my mother took care of the household. We didn’t have much money, but we had a lot of love. One summer, my father decided to take us on a camping trip. I was so excited! I had never been camping before. We packed up our tent, sleeping bags, and some food, and set off for the mountains. When we arrived at the campsite, it was beautiful. There were tall trees, a clear stream, and a big field. We set up our tent and then went for a walk. I saw all kinds of wildflowers and butterflies. It was like a magical place. That night, we sat around the campfire and told stories. My father told us about his childhood, and my mother sang some old songs. I felt so happy and content. I realized that it didn’t matter how much money we had. What mattered was being together as a family. The next day, we went fishing in the stream. I caught my first fish! It was a small trout, but I was so proud. We cooked the fish over the campfire and it tasted delicious. As we were packing up to go home, I knew that this camping trip would be a memory that I would cherish forever. 13．What kind of life did the author’s family live when he was a child? A．Wealthy and comfortable. B．Busy and stressful. C．Simple but full of love. D．Adventurous and exciting. 14．Why was the author excited about the camping trip? A．Because he had never been camping before. B．Because he wanted to see wildflowers and butterflies. C．Because he missed his father who worked hard. D．Because he could escape from household chores. 15．What did the author realize during the camping trip? A．The importance of having a lot of money. B．The beauty of nature. C．The joy of catching fish. D．The value of family time. 16．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A memorable camping trip. B．The importance of hard work. C．The beauty of the mountains. D．The author’s childhood memories. Passage 5 Emma was an adventurous girl. She lived in a small town near the mountains. One day, she decided to hike up the tallest mountain in the area. She started early in the morning with a small backpack containing water, some snacks, and a map. The path was steep and rocky, but Emma was determined. As she climbed higher, the air became thinner and colder. She could see the beautiful landscape below, with the town looking like a tiny dot. Along the way, she met an old hiker who gave her some advice about the best route to take. Suddenly, a storm started to approach. Dark clouds gathered and strong winds blew. Emma realized she needed to find shelter quickly. She remembered seeing a small cave on the map not too far from where she was. With great effort, she made her way to the cave and waited out the storm. After the storm passed, she continued her climb and finally reached the summit. The view from the top was breathtaking. She felt a great sense of accomplishment and knew this would be an experience she would never forget. 17．Where did Emma live? A．In a big city. B．Near the ocean. C．Near the mountains. D．In a desert. 18．What did Emma carry in her backpack? A．A tent and a sleeping bag. B．Water, snacks, and a map. C．A camera and a book. D．Extra clothes and a flashlight. 19．Who gave Emma advice on the route? A．A park ranger. B．An old hiker. C．Her friend. D．Her father. 20．Why did Emma look for shelter? A．She was tired and wanted to rest. B．She saw a bear and was scared. C．A storm was approaching. D．She wanted to explore the cave. 二、重难提升练 Passage 1 When you fly, fly with Bel Air. People who travel a lot fly with Bel Air, because they know they will get what they want. They want to go quickly, and safely, across the country, across the sea, or right across the world — and they know Bel Air will take them where they want to go. Bel Air flies all the newest and fastest, to more towns and cities in more countries in the world, than any other airline. Do you want to go to Paris, Washington, Tokyo? Bel Air will take you there at all times of the day or the night, right through the week. But Bel Air flies not only to the big cities in the rich countries. We fly two or three times a week to towns and cities in the very heart of Asia, Africa and South America. People who travel a lot fly with Bel Air, because they know they will leave on time and arrive on time. They know that the food they will receive and the film they will watch, will be of the best. Bel Air is second to none. When you fly, fly with the Bel Air. 1．Bel Air is ________ . A．a kind of plane B．a name of an airline C．a name of an airport D．a city’s name 2．Bel Air’s planes fly to cities like Paris and Tokyo________. A．once a week B．twice a week C．once a day D．more than once a day 3．This passage is ________. A．an advertisement B．taken from a guide book C．a piece of news D．a notice 4．The phrase “second to none” here means _________. A．one of the largest B．better than any other C．the most popular D．very good Passage 2 Hilo: The Boy Who Crashed to Earth Hilo doesn’t know where he’s from, why he fell out of the sky, what he’s doing on Earth — or why he can’t go to school in only his underwear. This series by Judd Winick is as funny as it is exciting, and tells the action-packed adventures of the boy robot who cares deeply about his human friends. Ages 5-12. Who Was? and What Was? series Think of each volume in this series as a history lesson for a child. The books cover everything from the Constitution to the Colosseum and Paul Revere to Pelé. The already detailed series continues to add titles — your little one can read up on just about any person, place or historical event. Ages 8 and up. Encyclopedia Brown series A children’s version of Sherlock Holmes this series by Donald J. Sobol satisfies curious readers through the stories of a young detective, Leroy Brown. Nicknamed “Encyclopedia” for his vast range of knowledge, he welcomes neighborhood kids to present their cases in his garage before setting out to solve the mystery. Ages 8-12. Holes One of the rare books to win both a Newbery Medal and a National Book Award, the story by Louis Sachar follows Stanley Yelnats as he fights with the curse (诅咒) that has followed his family for generations. The book with a mystery at its core is by turns funny, heartbreaking and deeply thoughtful. Ages 8-12. 5．What kind of book is the one suitable for 6-year-olds? A．Detective fiction. B．A folk tale. C．Science fiction. D．A horror story. 6．Which of the following should kids read if they want to learn some history? A．Hilo: The Boy Who Crashed to Earth. B．Who Was? and What Was? series. C．Encyclopedia Brown series. D．Holes. 7．What is Encyclopedia Brown series mainly about? A．The stories of Sherlock Holmes. B．The stories of Leroy Brown. C．The knowledge kids should know. D．The mystery of a detective’s garage. 8．Whose book won two prizes? A．Judd Winick’s. B．Donald J. Sobol’s C．Leroy Brown’s. D．Louis Sachar’s. Passage 3 In 2021, my 68-year-old mother was diagnosed (诊断) with Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). By January 2023, she’d lost her ability to complete everyday tasks. She was set on staying in her home and resisted the in-home care. I guessed it was because of what it represented: the acceptance of a disease that would slowly rob her of her memories and the ability to take care of herself. We had to make the hard choice of finding her a nursing home for her safety and well-being. But we knew she wouldn’t be interested. So, we made up an excuse, telling her that it was an opportunity to spend the winter near my brother in sunny Florida while living at an apartment we had arranged for her. My mum wasn’t the soft, affectionate mother I often longed for. She had never shown or talked about her feelings, but she was a great example of a hard-working, independent, entrepreneurial woman. My brother and I both have our own businesses, which is something she showed us was possible. Since her diagnosis, watching her battle with accepting what was happening to her was heartbreaking, but I also felt closer to her when she began to express and share her feelings with me like a kid. My brother arrived to meet us and we were shown to her apartment. A small kitchen, a living room, a bathroom, and two bedrooms — one for her, and one for me and my brother to stay in when we visited. She seemed happy during moving in. For the next 10 days, I lived with her there. We went to meals together, reviewed the activity schedule, and I dropped her off and picked her up like a child at school. The day came when I had to fly home, and I cried. As I shifted from being her daughter to being more like her parent, I realized how hard being a mother can be. 9．Why might the author’s mother resist in-home care? A．She preferred living alone. B．She disliked the caregivers. C．She feared losing independence. D．She intended to move to Florida. 10．How did the author and her brother convince their mother to move to the nursing home? A．They told her a white lie. B．They threatened her to go. C．They offered her a free apartment. D．They agreed to keep her company. 11．What kind of person was the author’s mother before the diagnosis? A．Talkative and determined. B．Reserved but responsible. C．Energetic and gentle. D．Creative but cold. 12．How does the author feel after her role change? A．Confused. B．Content. C．Awkward. D．Appreciative. Passage 4 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “ holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 13．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 14．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 15．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 16．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题21 阅读理解 目录 考情分析与做题方法 1 知识体系构建 3 考点精析与突破 2 考点一：语篇特征识别 3 考点二：推理判断题 4 考点三：细节理解题 5 考点四：词义猜测题 6 考点五：主旨大意题..........................................................................................................................................6 实战精练与提升 7 考试要求 阅读理解是高考英语的核心题型之一，以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。其核心是考查学生综合运用语言的能力，具体包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意他和标题归纳题等。记叙文涵盖故事叙述、人物传记、哲理感悟、生活趣事等题材。其核心考查 把握叙事逻辑、分析人物情感、提炼主旨大意、推理隐含信息的能力，具有情节完整、情感鲜明、逻辑清晰的特点。二轮复习需突破情节梳理混乱、人物分析表面化、主旨概括片面、推理过度等痛点，通过语篇特征拆解 + 解题技巧落地 + 针对性训练的模式，实现解题精度与效率的双重提升，助力学生在该题型中稳拿基础分、冲刺高分。应用文涵盖广告、通知、旅游指南、招聘启事、产品说明、新闻报道等多种体裁。其核心考查 快速定位关键信息、精准理解实用内容、逻辑推理语篇意图的能力，具有 语篇结构清晰、信息密度高、实用性强的特点。二轮复习需突破信息定位慢、细节辨析不清、语篇意图误判等痛点，通过语篇特征识别+解题技巧应用+针对性训练的模式，实现解题速度与准确率的双重提升。 考生需做到： 1. 能快速识别题型类别。 2. 能精准定位时间、地点、价格、条件等关键实用信息，理解细节之间的逻辑关系； 3. 能根据语篇内容推断文章出处、作者写作意图、目标读者等隐含信息； 4. 能概括语篇主旨大意，理解核心内容与次要信息的区别； 5. 能猜测语篇中陌生词汇、缩写词的含义，结合语境完成语义理解。 做题方法 1. 题文同读。先审题（关键词），带着问题速读全文。用笔在在原文中相关的语句或段落的旁标注题号。做到有理有据。 2.考生不要加入自己的思想观点，要跟作者产生共鸣。 3.每篇短文的设题顺序基本是按照文章段落的顺序设置。 4.正确的选项是对原文中关键句的同义替换。（这种解题方法适应于细节题、猜词题、推断题。） 5.抓住每篇文章首末段，每段首末句，快速抓住文章主旨。 6.善用排除法。选项的迷惑项一般是概括过渡（太片面太绝对）偷换概念，以偏概全，无中生有（虽然说得很对，但和文章一点关系都没有） 考点一：语篇特征识别 快速识别语篇的体裁、结构与关键信息位置，是解题的前提。不同体裁的语篇有固定的信息布局（如广告的价格/优惠、通知的时间/要求）。 典型例句 ①广告类 Package Includes: 5 Nights’ Accommodations, Discover Nashville Tour, Grand Ole Opry Tickets 旅游广告→核心信息：包含服务 ②通知类 Deadline for application: Jan. 15th. Requirements: aged 18+, resume required 招聘通知→核心信息：截止日期、要求 ③指南类 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge. Walk Duration: 6 hours. Note: wear waterproof shoes”（徒步指南→核心信息：起点、时长、注意事项）； ④新闻类 Djokovic bagged 24 Grand Slam singles titles, equalized the record held by Margaret Court 体育新闻→核心信息：事件、结果）。 【巩固练】 Yangzhou Spring Tour Package Duration: 3 days 2 nights Accommodation: 4-star hotel near Slender West Lake Included: Boat tour on Slender West Lake, Dong Guan Street food tour, free breakfast Price: ¥899/person (discount for groups of 5+) Booking: Call 400-XXX-XXXX before Mar. 31st” 1. What is a requirement for getting a discount? A. Booking before Mar. 31st. B. Traveling with a group of 5+ C. Staying in a 4-star hotel. D. Joining the food tour. 【答案】B 【解析】根据语篇特征，广告的打折信息通常与条件相关。定位关键词discount，原文明确提到discount for groups of 5+，即 5 人以上组团可享受优惠。A 项是预订截止日期，C 项是住宿标准，D 项是包含服务，均与优惠条件无关，故选B。 考点二：推理判断题 推理判断题需基于文本细节，推导隐含信息（如作者态度、事件因果、文章出处），严禁 无中生有、过度解读，所有推理必须有文本依据。 二、典型例句 ①作者态度 The workshop will be held on Apr. 10th from 2:00-4:00 pm in Room 302. The boy’s selfless act moved everyone around him. It was one of the most touching things I’ve ever seen. 态度：admiring, positive（赞赏、积极） ②文章出处 As a famous scientist, Einstein’s childhood was full of curiosity. He often asked ‘why’ and loved exploring the world around him. This curiosity led to his great discoveries. 出处：biography（传记） ③隐含因果 She failed the exam because she didn’t study hard. But the real reason was that she lacked confidence in herself. 深层原因：缺乏自信 ④插叙标识 Li Ming’s father left home three years ago. He had to work in the city to pay for Li Ming’s education. 李明的父亲三年前离家。他不得不去城市工作，为李明的学费挣钱。（插叙背景） 【巩固练】 Sandoval, who comes from Los Angeles, has traveled and filmed in over 50 countries across seven continents and now lives in China... With the hope of trying something different for himself, he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then... The varied culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning... He thinks he has done a lot in “this beautiful and vast country” with his “travel photos”. “I try to show people the beauty of where I go. I try to inspire them to travel and go to places. 1. What is the writing purpose of this passage? A. To call on readers to take up photography. B. To praise Sandoval for spreading Chinese culture. C. To facilitate the development of tourism in Chengdu. D. To introduce the experience of a professional photographer. 【答案】D 【解析】第一步，抓语篇核心：Sandoval（职业摄影师）→ 来中国的原因→ 在中国的旅行与拍摄经历→ 希望通过照片展示美景、激励他人旅行；第二步，分析选项：A 未提 “号召学摄影”（仅说展示美景），B 未提 “传播中国文化”（仅说展示美景），C 未提 “促进成都旅游”（成都是居住地，非核心），D “介绍专业摄影师的经历” 符合全文内容，故选D。 考点三：细节理解题 细节理解题占应用文考查的60%以上，侧重对时间、地点、价格、条件、包含内容等实用信息的精准定位与辨析，需避免偷换概念、扩大范围等干扰项。 二、典型例句 ①原文：The workshop will be held on Apr. 10th from 2:00-4:00 pm in Room 302. 题目 When will the workshop take place? 答案：Apr. 10th 2:00-4:00 pm； ②原文：Price: ¥120 per person, free for children under 12. 题目：How much should a couple with a 10-year-old child pay? 答案：¥240 ③原文：Requirements: Participants must bring their student ID and fill in the application form online. 题目：What is required for participants? 答案：Bring student ID and fill in the online form 考点四：词义猜测题 猜测文中的陌生词汇、缩写词或专业术语，需结合上下文语境和实用场景（如广告中的discount,delegation，通知中的deadline, venue）。记叙文的词义猜测多与人物情感、情节发展相关，需结合上下文的情感词、动作词或转折关系，推导词汇的语境含义，而非仅靠词典义。 二、典型例句 ①原文：The conference will be held at the main venue, with a backup venue in case of bad weather. 语境：held at+backup（备用）→venue =场地； ②原文：All participants must submit their application before the deadline. Late applications will not be accepted. 语境：before+late applications not accepted→deadline=截止日期 ③语篇标题：How to Use Your New Smart Watch. 出处：产品说明书；意图：指导使用智能手表 ④语篇结尾：The delegation from China will attend the international forum. They consist of 10 experts in environmental protection. →语境：10 experts→delegation=代表团 【巩固练】 To him, Chengdu is the capital of a laid-back lifestyle. He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets “as slowly as snails”. Almost a “walking encyclopedia” of Chengdu, Sandoval covered every corner of Chengdu and recorded Chengduese and their lives with his camera. 1.. What does the underlined word “laid-back” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Leisurely. B．Simple. C．Luxurious. D．Healthy. 【答案】A 【解析】第一步，找上下文线索：strolled in the streets ‘as slowly as snails’（像蜗牛一样慢地散步）；第二步，推导含义：慢节奏散步体现悠闲的生活方式；第三步，匹配选项：A. 悠闲的，B. 简单的，C. 奢华的”，D. 健康的，故选 A。 考点五：主旨大意题 概括主旨大意或选择标题，需抓住核心信息（如活动名称、产品类型、通知主题），避免被细节信息干扰。记叙文的主旨多隐含在结尾的升华句中，故事类主旨侧重情感/经历的启示，哲理类主旨侧重人生道理，解题需避免被细节干扰，整合情节 + 结尾升华。 二、典型例句 ①语篇标题：2025 Nanjing International Marathon Registration 主旨：南京国际马拉松报名相关信息 ②语篇小标题：Package Includes, Price, Booking Info, Note、 主旨：旅游套餐的详细信息 ③语篇核心句：The school will hold a Science and Technology Festival from Nov. 5th to 10th, with activities like robot competitions, science lectures and invention shows. 主旨：学校科技节的时间与活动安排 ④高频词：语篇中反复出现electric car, price, features, booking 主旨：电动汽车的价格、特点及预订信息 【巩固练】 I have always been proud of my handwriting... But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive. To my complete disbelief, not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards... They said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written... Looking at the postcard dispassionately, I unwillingly admit that he has a point... So, from now on, I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate. 1. What is the text mainly about? A. The wide use of cursive. B. The sad decline of cursive. C. The value of preserving cursive. D. The technique of writing in cursive. 【答案】B 【解析】第一步，梳理情节：作者自豪草书→ 朋友看不懂其草书明信片→ 意识到草书的弊端→ 改用印刷体；第二步，抓核心变化：草书从 “作者自豪” 到 “因不实用被放弃”；第三步，匹配选项：A 未提 “广泛使用”，B “草书的可悲衰落” 符合情节变化，C 未提 “保护价值”，D 未提 “书写技巧”，故选B。 一、基础训练 Passage 1 Make Your Own Sports Drink Coconut water contains natural electrolytes (电解质) , including potassium and sodium, which are critical to proper nerve and muscle function. Instead of grabbing a commercial sports drink that contains unnecessary sugar, calories, and artificial dyes (染料), mix equal parts coconut water and fresh-squeezed juice (and a dash of raw honey, if you like it sweet) for an all-natural version.Freeze Fruity Pops (冰棒) Turn these summer treats into a refueling tool. Blend a hydrating (水合物) fruit such as watermelon (which contains 91.5 percent water) with lemon juice (an excellent source of potassium). Add coconut water for an electrolyte boost and raw honey for a touch of sweetness, if you like. Then fill ice pop molds and freeze for about an hour. Sip Some Summer Soup No one wants hot soup on a. summer day. Instead, make a classic gazpacho (番茄冻汤) by blending tomato (which contains 94.5 percent water) and cucumber (which contains 96.7 percent water) with a little garlic and sea salt. Or experiment with cold soups made from other foods with high water content, such as cauliflower, celery, spinach, berries, and zucchini. Refuel with Milk One study that appeared in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism showed that athletes who consumed milk or milk-based products had better fluid retention (保留) than those who drank Powerade. The protein in milk also helps your body recharge after physical exertion. For the healthiest choice, go for fat-free or reduced-fat varieties. 1．We can learn something about the commercial sports drink from the first paragraph EXCEPT _________. A．It contains sugar, calories, and man-made dyes. B．It is an unnatural drink. C．There are no electrolytes in it. D．There is no fresh-squeezed juice in it. 2．We can use many foods to make cold soups EXCEPT _________. A．Celery B．Apple C．Strawberry D．Potato 3．When you finished a sport exercise, you should drink _________ to regain energy. A．Sports Drink B．Freeze Fruity Pops C．Cold-Soup D．Milk-based products 4．This is a passage of _________. A．Research for health B．Tips for delicious hydration C．News for healthy foods. D．Experiment report 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍四种夏季补水补能自制饮品：用椰子水和鲜榨果汁（可加蜂蜜）做运动饮料，将含水分水果等制成冰棒，制作高水分冷汤，还推荐牛奶（低脂更佳）助补水和身体恢复。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead of grabbing a commercial sports drink that contains unnecessary sugar, calories, and artificial dyes (染料), mix equal parts coconut water and fresh-squeezed juice (and a dash of raw honey, if you like it sweet) for an all-natural version.(与其饮用含有过多糖分、热量和人工色素的商业运动饮料，不如将等量的椰子水与新鲜榨取的果汁混合（如果喜欢甜味的话，还可以加入少许天然蜂蜜，以获得全天然的饮品）)”可知，商业饮料中糖分，热量和人工色素过多，并不是天然饮料，也没有天然鲜榨果汁，文章中没有提到不含电解质。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Or experiment with cold soups made from other foods with high water content, such as cauliflower, celery, spinach, berries, and zucchini.(或者可以尝试用其他水分含量高的食材制作冷汤，比如花椰菜、芹菜、菠菜、浆果和西葫芦)”可知，我们可以用许多食物来制作冷汤，但土豆除外。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“One study that appeared in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism showed that athletes who consumed milk or milk-based products had better fluid retention (保留) than those who drank Powerade. The protein in milk also helps your body recharge after physical exertion.(发表在《应用生理学、营养学与代谢学》杂志上的一项研究显示，摄入牛奶或牛奶制品的运动员比饮用“能量饮料”的运动员更能保持体液平衡。牛奶中的蛋白质还能帮助身体在剧烈运动后恢复状态)”可知，当你完成体育锻炼后，应该饮用牛奶制品来补充能量。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章介绍四种夏季补水补能自制饮品：用椰子水和鲜榨果汁（可加蜂蜜）做运动饮料，将含水分水果等制成冰棒，制作高水分冷汤，还推荐牛奶（低脂更佳）助补水和身体恢复。即，这是关于美味补水小贴士的一段内容。故选B。 Passage 2 About Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Casile plays an important role in Scotland’s capital. During the Wars of Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce. The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts are still a military base, but the castle is now a world-famous visitor attraction.Opening Hours: The castle opens daily at 9:30 a.m. Closing time varies seasonally: 1 Apr. ～30 Sept.: it closes at 6 p.m. 1 Oct. ～31 Mar.: it closes at 5 p.m. The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On January 1st we are open from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. and normal hours from January 2nd. Last admission is I hour before closing.Ticket Types and Prices: Beat the queues and book ahead online using our webstore for fast-track entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply need to show their card at Visitor Information. Prices: Child (5～15 yrs) :￡ 9.90 Adult (16～59 yrs) :￡ 16.50 Concession (优惠价) (60 yrs+) : ￡13.20 Children under 5 years old go free, but they must be accompanied by an adult.Guided Tours: A guided tour is included in your ticket price — our guides love sharing their stories. They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so it’s a great way to discover the castle’s amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock. 5．What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text? A．It was used as a prison in the 1500s. B．It is once owned by non-Scottish people. C．It is the birthplace of Queen Margaret. D．It now functions merely as a tourist site. 6．When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Year’s Day? A．4 p.m.～6 p.m.. B．10 a.m.～l2 a.m.. C．1 p.m.～3 p.m.. D．9 a.m～11 a.m.. 7．How much should Jack, aged 62, and his twin 5-year-old grandchildren pay in all to visit Edinburgh Castle? A．£13.20 B．£36. 30 C．£16.50 D．£33.00 8．What is true about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle? A．They are provided only at the Portcullis Gate. B．They are provided only at certain times. C．Questions aren’t welcomed during them. D．They cost no extra money. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些爱丁堡城堡的参观事项。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce.(1314年，它在一次突如其来的夜间突袭中被托马斯·兰道夫（罗伯特·布鲁斯的侄子）从英格兰人手中夺回)”可知，爱丁堡城堡曾经为非苏格兰人所拥有。 6．细节理解题。根据Opening Hours部分“On January 1st we are open from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. and normal hours from January 2nd.(1月1日我们营业时间为上午11点至下午5点，从1月2日起恢复正常营业时间)”可知，新年当天1点至3点游客可以参观爱丁堡城堡。 7．细节理解题。根据Prices部分“Child (5～15 yrs) :￡ 9.90 ；Concession (优惠价) (60 yrs+) : ￡13.20 (儿童（5至15岁）：9.90 英镑；优惠价（60岁以上）：13.20 英镑)”可知，62岁的杰克和他的两个5岁的孙辈要前往爱丁堡城堡游玩，他们总共需要支付13.2+9.9+9.9=33英镑。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A guided tour is included in your ticket price — our guides love sharing their stories.(你的门票中已包含导游服务——我们的导游们热衷于讲述他们的故事)”可知，D选项“爱丁堡城堡的导游游览无需额外付费”正确。 Passage 3 The day was like any other day in his life. Tom walked past the shop on the street corner. He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much was still there. Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have them for his birthday. He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew very well she had little money. He decided not to go home at once, as he looked sad and his mother noticed it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass. There he saw a boy moving a wheelchair with his hands. Tom looked at him and was surprised to see that the boy had no feet. He looked at his own feet. “It’s much better to be without shoes than without feet.” He thought. There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad. He went away and smiled, thinking he was happier. 9．Tom passed the shop ________. A．on foot B．by bike C．in a wheelchair D．by bus 10．Tom stopped in front of the shop because he wanted to ______. A．buy the shoes B．look at the shoes he liked C．buy a present for his mother D．get something for his birthday party 11．That pair of shoes Tom liked was ________. A．too cheap B．too large for him C．not sold out D．not there 12．Why did Tom go to the park? A．many nice shoes sold there B．he wanted to play there for a while C．he wanted to see his disabled friend D．he didn’t want to make his mother worried 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述汤姆渴望买一双心仪的鞋，因家境贫寒失落，后在公园看到无脚男孩而重拾快乐的故事。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Tom walked past the shop on the street corner.(汤姆步行经过街角的那家商店。)”可知，汤姆是步行经过商店的。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much was still there.(他停下来看前排的鞋子，看到自己非常想要的那双鞋还在，他感到很高兴。)”可知，汤姆在商店前停下是因为想看看自己喜欢的那双鞋。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much was still there.(他停下来看前排的鞋子，看到自己非常想要的那双鞋还在，他感到很高兴。)”可知，汤姆喜欢的那双鞋没有卖出去。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He decided not to go home at once, as he looked sad and his mother noticed it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass.(他决定不马上回家，因为他看起来很伤心，他妈妈会注意到的。于是他去了公园，坐在草地上。)”可知，汤姆去公园是因为不想让妈妈担心。故选D项。 Passage 4 When I was a child, my family lived a simple life in a small town. My father was a hardworking factory worker, and my mother took care of the household. We didn’t have much money, but we had a lot of love. One summer, my father decided to take us on a camping trip. I was so excited! I had never been camping before. We packed up our tent, sleeping bags, and some food, and set off for the mountains. When we arrived at the campsite, it was beautiful. There were tall trees, a clear stream, and a big field. We set up our tent and then went for a walk. I saw all kinds of wildflowers and butterflies. It was like a magical place. That night, we sat around the campfire and told stories. My father told us about his childhood, and my mother sang some old songs. I felt so happy and content. I realized that it didn’t matter how much money we had. What mattered was being together as a family. The next day, we went fishing in the stream. I caught my first fish! It was a small trout, but I was so proud. We cooked the fish over the campfire and it tasted delicious. As we were packing up to go home, I knew that this camping trip would be a memory that I would cherish forever. 13．What kind of life did the author’s family live when he was a child? A．Wealthy and comfortable. B．Busy and stressful. C．Simple but full of love. D．Adventurous and exciting. 14．Why was the author excited about the camping trip? A．Because he had never been camping before. B．Because he wanted to see wildflowers and butterflies. C．Because he missed his father who worked hard. D．Because he could escape from household chores. 15．What did the author realize during the camping trip? A．The importance of having a lot of money. B．The beauty of nature. C．The joy of catching fish. D．The value of family time. 16．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A memorable camping trip. B．The importance of hard work. C．The beauty of the mountains. D．The author’s childhood memories. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者童年时和家人一起去露营的难忘经历。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was a child, my family lived a simple life in a small town.(小时候，我们一家人在一个小镇上过着简单的生活。)”以及“We didn’t have much money, but we had a lot of love.(我们没有很多钱，但我们有很多爱。)”可知，作者小时候家里过着简单但充满爱的生活。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was so excited! I had never been camping before.(我太兴奋了！我以前从未露营过。)”可知，作者对露营之旅感到兴奋是因为他以前从未露营过。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I realized that it didn’t matter how much money we had. What mattered was being together as a family.(我意识到我们有多少钱并不重要。重要的是一家人在一起。)”可知，作者在露营旅行中意识到了家庭时光的价值。故选D项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“One summer, my father decided to take us on a camping trip. I was so excited! I had never been camping before. We packed up our tent, sleeping bags, and some food, and set off for the mountains.(有一年夏天，父亲决定带我们去露营。我兴奋极了！因为此前从未露营过。我们收拾好帐篷、睡袋和一些食物，便出发前往山区。)”以及下文介绍的露营经历可知，文章主要讲述了作者童年时和家人的一次露营旅行以及此次旅行带来的感受，“一次难忘的露营旅行”最能概括全文。故选A项 Passage 5 Emma was an adventurous girl. She lived in a small town near the mountains. One day, she decided to hike up the tallest mountain in the area. She started early in the morning with a small backpack containing water, some snacks, and a map. The path was steep and rocky, but Emma was determined. As she climbed higher, the air became thinner and colder. She could see the beautiful landscape below, with the town looking like a tiny dot. Along the way, she met an old hiker who gave her some advice about the best route to take. Suddenly, a storm started to approach. Dark clouds gathered and strong winds blew. Emma realized she needed to find shelter quickly. She remembered seeing a small cave on the map not too far from where she was. With great effort, she made her way to the cave and waited out the storm. After the storm passed, she continued her climb and finally reached the summit. The view from the top was breathtaking. She felt a great sense of accomplishment and knew this would be an experience she would never forget. 17．Where did Emma live? A．In a big city. B．Near the ocean. C．Near the mountains. D．In a desert. 18．What did Emma carry in her backpack? A．A tent and a sleeping bag. B．Water, snacks, and a map. C．A camera and a book. D．Extra clothes and a flashlight. 19．Who gave Emma advice on the route? A．A park ranger. B．An old hiker. C．Her friend. D．Her father. 20．Why did Emma look for shelter? A．She was tired and wanted to rest. B．She saw a bear and was scared. C．A storm was approaching. D．She wanted to explore the cave. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了艾玛徒步登山的经历。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Emma was an adventurous girl. She lived in a small town near the mountains. (艾玛是个爱冒险的女孩。她住在山附近的一个小镇上。)”可知，艾玛住在山附近的一个小镇上，由此可知，艾玛住在靠近山的地方。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“She started early in the morning with a small backpack containing water, some snacks, and a map. (她一大早就带着一个小背包出发了，背包里装着水、一些零食和一张地图。)”可知，艾玛的背包里装着水、一些零食和一张地图，由此可知，艾玛背包里带了水、零食和地图。故选B项。 19．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Along the way, she met an old hiker who gave her some advice about the best route to take. (一路上，她遇到了一位老徒步旅行者，他给了她一些关于最佳路线的建议。)”可知，一位老徒步旅行者给了她一些关于最佳路线的建议，由此可知，一个老徒步旅行者给艾玛提供了路线建议。故选B项。 20．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Suddenly, a storm started to approach. Dark clouds gathered and strong winds blew. Emma realized she needed to find shelter quickly. (突然，一场暴风雨开始逼近。乌云密布，狂风大作。艾玛意识到她需要尽快找到庇护所。)”可知，一场暴风雨开始逼近，艾玛意识到她需要尽快找到庇护所，由此可知，艾玛要找庇护所，因为暴风雨即将来临。故选C项。 二、重难提升练 Passage 1 When you fly, fly with Bel Air. People who travel a lot fly with Bel Air, because they know they will get what they want. They want to go quickly, and safely, across the country, across the sea, or right across the world — and they know Bel Air will take them where they want to go. Bel Air flies all the newest and fastest, to more towns and cities in more countries in the world, than any other airline. Do you want to go to Paris, Washington, Tokyo? Bel Air will take you there at all times of the day or the night, right through the week. But Bel Air flies not only to the big cities in the rich countries. We fly two or three times a week to towns and cities in the very heart of Asia, Africa and South America. People who travel a lot fly with Bel Air, because they know they will leave on time and arrive on time. They know that the food they will receive and the film they will watch, will be of the best. Bel Air is second to none. When you fly, fly with the Bel Air. 1．Bel Air is ________ . A．a kind of plane B．a name of an airline C．a name of an airport D．a city’s name 2．Bel Air’s planes fly to cities like Paris and Tokyo________. A．once a week B．twice a week C．once a day D．more than once a day 3．This passage is ________. A．an advertisement B．taken from a guide book C．a piece of news D．a notice 4．The phrase “second to none” here means _________. A．one of the largest B．better than any other C．the most popular D．very good 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则关于贝尔航空公司(Bel Air)的广告，介绍了该航空公司飞行速度快、安全、航线多、准点以及服务优质等优点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People who travel a lot fly with Bel Air, because they know they will get what they want.(经常旅行的人选择乘坐贝尔航空，因为他们知道自己会得到想要的服务。)”和“Bel Air flies all the newest and fastest, to more towns and cities in more countries in the world, than any other airline.(贝尔航空拥有最新、最快的飞机，比其他任何航空公司都能飞往世界上更多国家的更多城镇和城市。)”可知，Bel Air是一家航空公司的名字。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Do you want to go to Paris, Washington, Tokyo? Bel Air will take you there at all times of the day or the night, right through the week.(你想去巴黎、华盛顿、东京吗？贝尔航空会在一天中的任何时间，一周中的任何时候带你去那里。)”可知，贝尔航空的飞机一天不止一次飞往像巴黎和东京这样的城市。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“When you fly, fly with Bel Air.(当你坐飞机时，选择贝尔航空。)”和最后一段“Bel Air is second to none. When you fly, fly with the Bel Air.(贝尔航空首屈一指。当你坐飞机时，选择贝尔航空。)”可知，作者一直在宣传贝尔航空的优势，鼓励人们选择该航空公司，具有明显的广告性质。由此可判断这篇文章是一则广告。 4．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“People who travel a lot fly with Bel Air, because they know they will leave on time and arrive on time. They know that the food they will receive and the film they will watch, will be of the best.(经常旅行的人选择乘坐贝尔航空，因为他们知道航班会按时起飞和到达。他们知道他们会享受到最好的食物和观看最好的电影。)”可知，贝尔航空在很多方面都表现出色。所以“Bel Air is second to none.”表达的是贝尔航空比其他航空公司都要好，“second to none”意思是“比其他任何的都好”，与“better than any other”同义。 Passage 2 Hilo: The Boy Who Crashed to Earth Hilo doesn’t know where he’s from, why he fell out of the sky, what he’s doing on Earth — or why he can’t go to school in only his underwear. This series by Judd Winick is as funny as it is exciting, and tells the action-packed adventures of the boy robot who cares deeply about his human friends. Ages 5-12. Who Was? and What Was? series Think of each volume in this series as a history lesson for a child. The books cover everything from the Constitution to the Colosseum and Paul Revere to Pelé. The already detailed series continues to add titles — your little one can read up on just about any person, place or historical event. Ages 8 and up. Encyclopedia Brown series A children’s version of Sherlock Holmes this series by Donald J. Sobol satisfies curious readers through the stories of a young detective, Leroy Brown. Nicknamed “Encyclopedia” for his vast range of knowledge, he welcomes neighborhood kids to present their cases in his garage before setting out to solve the mystery. Ages 8-12. Holes One of the rare books to win both a Newbery Medal and a National Book Award, the story by Louis Sachar follows Stanley Yelnats as he fights with the curse (诅咒) that has followed his family for generations. The book with a mystery at its core is by turns funny, heartbreaking and deeply thoughtful. Ages 8-12. 5．What kind of book is the one suitable for 6-year-olds? A．Detective fiction. B．A folk tale. C．Science fiction. D．A horror story. 6．Which of the following should kids read if they want to learn some history? A．Hilo: The Boy Who Crashed to Earth. B．Who Was? and What Was? series. C．Encyclopedia Brown series. D．Holes. 7．What is Encyclopedia Brown series mainly about? A．The stories of Sherlock Holmes. B．The stories of Leroy Brown. C．The knowledge kids should know. D．The mystery of a detective’s garage. 8．Whose book won two prizes? A．Judd Winick’s. B．Donald J. Sobol’s C．Leroy Brown’s. D．Louis Sachar’s. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了最适合孩子们的四本书。 5．细节理解题。根据Hilo: The Boy Who Crashed to Earth部分中的“This series by Judd Winick is as funny as it is exciting, and tells the action-packed adventures of the boy robot who cares deeply about his human friends. Ages 5-12. (Judd Winick的这部系列电影既有趣又刺激，讲述了一个非常关心人类朋友的机器人男孩的惊险冒险故事。适合年龄5-12岁。)”可知，介绍机器人的书籍属于科幻类，适合6岁的孩子。 6．细节理解题。根据Who Was? and What Was? series部分中的“Think of each volume in this series as a history lesson for a child. (将本系列中的每一卷视为儿童的历史课。)”可知，如果孩子们想学历史，可以读Who Was? and What Was?系列丛书。 7．细节理解题。根据Encyclopedia Brown series部分中的“A children’s version of Sherlock Holmes this series by Donald J. Sobol satisfies curious readers through the stories of a young detective, Leroy Brown. (Donald J. Sobol的这一系列作品是《福尔摩斯》的儿童版，通过一个年轻侦探Leroy Brown的故事来满足好奇的小读者们。)”可知，Encyclopedia Brown系列主要是关于Leroy Brown的故事。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of the rare books to win both a Newbery Medal and a National Book Award, the story by Louis Sachar follows Stanley Yelnats as he fights with the curse (诅咒) that has followed his family for generations. (作为赢得Newbery奖章和国家图书奖的罕见书籍之一，Louis Sachar的故事讲述了Stanley Yelnats与跟随他家族几代人的诅咒斗争的故事)”可知，Louis Sachar的书获得了两个奖项。 Passage 3 In 2021, my 68-year-old mother was diagnosed (诊断) with Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). By January 2023, she’d lost her ability to complete everyday tasks. She was set on staying in her home and resisted the in-home care. I guessed it was because of what it represented: the acceptance of a disease that would slowly rob her of her memories and the ability to take care of herself. We had to make the hard choice of finding her a nursing home for her safety and well-being. But we knew she wouldn’t be interested. So, we made up an excuse, telling her that it was an opportunity to spend the winter near my brother in sunny Florida while living at an apartment we had arranged for her. My mum wasn’t the soft, affectionate mother I often longed for. She had never shown or talked about her feelings, but she was a great example of a hard-working, independent, entrepreneurial woman. My brother and I both have our own businesses, which is something she showed us was possible. Since her diagnosis, watching her battle with accepting what was happening to her was heartbreaking, but I also felt closer to her when she began to express and share her feelings with me like a kid. My brother arrived to meet us and we were shown to her apartment. A small kitchen, a living room, a bathroom, and two bedrooms — one for her, and one for me and my brother to stay in when we visited. She seemed happy during moving in. For the next 10 days, I lived with her there. We went to meals together, reviewed the activity schedule, and I dropped her off and picked her up like a child at school. The day came when I had to fly home, and I cried. As I shifted from being her daughter to being more like her parent, I realized how hard being a mother can be. 9．Why might the author’s mother resist in-home care? A．She preferred living alone. B．She disliked the caregivers. C．She feared losing independence. D．She intended to move to Florida. 10．How did the author and her brother convince their mother to move to the nursing home? A．They told her a white lie. B．They threatened her to go. C．They offered her a free apartment. D．They agreed to keep her company. 11．What kind of person was the author’s mother before the diagnosis? A．Talkative and determined. B．Reserved but responsible. C．Energetic and gentle. D．Creative but cold. 12．How does the author feel after her role change? A．Confused. B．Content. C．Awkward. D．Appreciative. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者母亲患阿尔茨海默病后，作者和兄弟为其找养老院并陪伴的经历及感受。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“She was set on staying in her home and resisted the in-home care. I guessed it was because of what it represented: the acceptance of a disease that would slowly rob her of her memories and the ability to take care of herself.(她执意要留在自己家中，拒绝居家护理服务。我猜想，这是因为居家护理对她而言意味着接受一种会慢慢剥夺她记忆和自理能力的疾病。)”可知，作者母亲拒绝居家护理是因为她害怕失去独立生活的能力。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“So, we made up an excuse, telling her that it was an opportunity to spend the winter near my brother in sunny Florida while living at an apartment we had arranged for her.(所以，我们编了个借口，告诉她这是一个机会，可以在阳光明媚的佛罗里达州我哥哥附近过冬，同时住在我们为她安排的公寓里。)”可知，作者和她的兄弟对母亲说了一个善意的谎言，说服她搬到养老院。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“My mum wasn’t the soft, affectionate mother I often longed for. She had never shown or talked about her feelings, but she was a great example of a hard-working, independent, entrepreneurial woman.(我妈妈不是我经常渴望的那种温柔、深情的母亲。她从未表现或谈论过自己的感受，但她是一个勤劳、独立、有创业精神的女性的典范。)”可推知，作者的母亲在确诊前是一个内敛但有责任心的人。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As I shifted from being her daughter to being more like her parent, I realized how hard being a mother can be.(当我从她的女儿转变为更像她的父母时，我意识到做母亲有多难。)”可知，作者在角色转变后，感到母亲的艰辛，因此很感激母亲。故选D。 Passage 4 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “ holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 13．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude. 14．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian. C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 15．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 16．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance. C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection. 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．D 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述美国兽医威廉·法伯在从针灸中受益后，将整体医学疗法应用于动物疾病，取得了显著成效并具有很好的发展前景。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.(如果他显得有点戒备，那可能是因为就连他的一些同事偶尔也会嘲笑他那些与众不同的做法)”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，认为他很奇怪。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后他尝试了针灸疗法，这是一种古老的中国疗法。令他惊讶的是，经过两到三次治疗后，他的病情有了明显好转。对兽医有效的疗法似乎对他的宠物也同样有效。于是，在研究了相关技术几年之后，他开始向宠物们提供这种疗法)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷达勒的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。查理心脏病发作后，廷达勒本打算让他安乐死，但法伯的治疗让查理的痛苦减轻了许多，于是她得以让查理多活了五个月。普里西拉·杜因报道说，她的马“行动更加自如，骑起来也更加舒适”了，这是因为它接受了脊椎按摩治疗)”可知，本段主要讲述了整体医学疗法的有效性。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.(法伯坚信，这种整体治疗的方法会随着时间的推移而越来越受到人们的青睐。而且从过去的情况来看，他或许是对的：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医疗协会的会员人数已从30人增加到了超过700人)”可知, 法伯认为整体医学疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国整体兽医协会的会员从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $