专题17 句子翻译之常设考点必备(复习讲义)(上海专用)2027年春季高考英语

2026-10-26
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专题17 句子翻译之常设考点必备 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 核心考点精讲 5 考点一:句子翻译基本策略(重点) 3 考点二:句子翻译常用技巧(难点) 11 实战演练 34 考试要求 上海高考英语汉译英,要求考生把中文的句子根据题目所给的提示词,通顺地翻译成符合英语表达习惯的句子。它不仅对学生的英语词汇和常见表达等有比较高的要求,同时考查了学生对英语的动词时态、语态、名词的数、冠词、副词和形容词等的理解和应用能力,并且进一步对词组、句型和句子结构进行了全面综合考查。学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上,结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确,而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。 高考中汉译英多为简单句或复合句,题目所给定的提示词汇也是常用词,但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上,结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确,而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。上海历年高考中译英的考察点主要有:时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。 命题分析 语料话题 题材贴近生活、文化、科技、社会发展,传统文化类占比逐年提升,常嵌入四字结构(成语、四字描写短语),是尖子生的主要失分点。 考点搭配 一句一主考点,常叠加次要语法;高频考点:各类从句、非谓语动词、情态动词、比较结构、倒装 / 强调等特殊句式、介词短语。每年稳定设置 1–2 处四字特色表达,是区分度核心。 命题特点 句子长度适中,中文句式灵活,部分中文无主语、无明确时态,需要考生自主梳理逻辑补全英文框架;不考生僻晦涩成语,侧重常用、易直译翻车的四字表达;区分度不在于词汇难度,而在于句式选择、地道转换、逻辑衔接。 命题趋势 弱化机械直译,强化语境意译;文化类四字短语持续高频出现;越来越侧重考察长句拆分、主从复合句的合理组织。 年份 句子翻译考查重难点 2025上海6月 非谓语、状语从句、四字格意译 2025上海1月 被动语态、非谓语、主语从句、定语从句 2024上海秋考 非谓语、短语搭配、定语从句、主语从句、 2024上海春考 短语搭配、定语从句、主语从句、状语从句、四字格意译 2023上海秋考 as、which引导非限制性定语从句、现在完成时、宾语从句 2023上海春考 被动语态、状语从句、比较句型、there be句型 2022上海秋考 非谓语、祈使句、状语从句、固定短语搭配、四字格意译 2022上海春考 句型:it has been+时间段+since…、非谓语用法、强调句型、短语搭配 2021上海秋考 并列句、祈使句、非限制定语从句、四字格意译 2021上海春考 特殊句式、状语从句、定语从句、四字格的直译与意译 · 考点一:句子翻译基本策略 解题策略 · 划提示词:括号内的单词或短语决定句法框架,必须出现在译文中。 · 判时态语态:通读全句,找时间状语或隐含时间线;被动概念看“被、受、由、遭到”等标志。 · 定主干结构:先找“主谓宾”,再处理修饰语补充定语、状语等,使句子完整,;汉语常省略主语或冠词,英语需补全。 一)、确立主干及句子类型 先剥离修饰成分,锁定中文句核心主谓(宾),判断句子属于简单句、并列句还是主从复合句,搭建英文基础框架;是翻译第一步,决定整体句式走向。命题常在一句话里嵌套多层修饰,干扰主干识别,主干出错会直接丢失核心采分点。 考向核心:剥离修饰,锁定主谓宾,判定简单句 / 并列句 / 主从复合句,搭建句子框架 正确分析英语句子结构是翻译的基础。常见的基本句型有下面三种 简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子 并列句: 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子,句与句之间通常用连词或分号来连接 主从句: 包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子,从句必须由从属连词引导 (2026年静安一模) 冬日清晨,没什么比喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆更美妙的了。(than) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026年黄埔一模) 新政策适用于公司的所有部门。(apply) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026年宝山一模) 无论面对什么挑战,我们团队都有决心克服。(whatever) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 二)、分析所给提示词的词性及用法 题干给出提示词是上海翻译经典设题方式,必须先判定提示词是动词、名词、形容词还是介词,确认其固定搭配、句型要求(如是否接 to do/doing、是否引导从句);不可随意变形。提示词往往就是本句的核心采分点,词性误用是高频失分点。历年高考汉译英的考查,在每句汉语句子后面的括号内都会给出翻译成英文时必须用到的词,这是为了直接考查某些语言点,同时也限制了翻译方法的数量。 考向核心:先判定括号提示词词性、固定搭配、句型限制,提示词往往是核心采分点 (2026年嘉定一模) 一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。(emerge) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026年徐汇一模) 随着新学期的开始,学生们需要快速调整心态,以适应更加紧张和繁重的学习任务。(adjust to) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026年奉贤一模) 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。(expose) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 三)、语序调整 中英语序天然差异大:中文习惯状语、定语前置;英文定语后置、状语位置灵活。翻译时要把中文前置修饰(时间、地点、方式、定语)调整为英语规范语序,定语长则改用定语从句 / 非谓语后置,避免中式语序直译,是阅卷重点观察项。 1、定语的位置:英语中,单词充当定语时多为前置,短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。 2、状语的位置:英语中,状语可修饰动词或句子,时间、地点状语往往可置句尾。 考向核心:中文定语、状语习惯前置;英文长定语后置,状语位置灵活,打破中文流水语序 (2026·上海杨浦·一模) 睡姿关乎心脑健康,因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。(where) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海闵行·一模) 你收集的资料越充分,报告就越有说服力。(The more..., the more...) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海长宁·一模) 初冬的午后,我漫步在这所知名学府的校园,踏着铺满落叶的草坪,享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 四)、语态对译 中文多用主动表达,常暗含被动含义;英文被动语态、It 形式被动使用广泛。需要主动识别中文隐性被动含义(受、得以、被、遭到),灵活选用被动结构;同时也要区分:部分中文被动语义不适合直译 be done,改用主动、系表结构更地道。 在解题时,学生对句子的时态和语态的把握时一大难点。在评分时,考生在时态和语态每出现一次错误都会被扣一分,因此必须对此给予足够的重视。在翻译前,考生需要先通读全句,然后确定基本时态。 考向核心:中文多主动,常暗藏被动含义;英文灵活切换被动、形式主语,识别隐性被动 (2026·上海徐汇·一模) 应该鼓励孩子们多参与户外活动。(encourage) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海杨浦·一模) 该校作业政策是在与全体教师商议后修订的。(consultation) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海静安·一模) 这位青年画家凭借细腻的笔触,迅速获得业界青睐,订单纷至沓来。(favor) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 五)、无主句翻译 中文大量没有主语的句子,不能生硬乱补主语。常用处理方案:①it 作形式主语;②被动语态;③补充泛指主语 we/you;④there be 句型;⑤用动名词作主语。该考点区分度高,是上海翻译高频难点。由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语原文为了语言简洁而省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。 考向核心:中文没有主语,英文不能裸句;方案:it 形式主语、动名词主语做主语 (2026·上海普陀·一模) 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的,而且也是违反法律的。(against) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海宝山·一模) 真的太神奇了,人工智能使许多不可能都变成了现实。(amazing) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海青浦·一模) 初学做饭经常会出现这种问题,再试一次就好!(arise) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 六)、长句翻译 中文长句多为流水句,短句堆砌、逻辑暗藏,切忌一字一句顺译。优先拆分句子,理清内部逻辑(因果、让步、条件、递进),选用连词、从句、非谓语、介词短语重构英文;分清主句与次要信息,次要信息降级为修饰成分,兼顾英文紧凑性。 考向核心:中文流水长句,多短句拼接、暗藏逻辑;翻译时拆分、区分主句 / 修饰,用从句、非谓语、连词降级次要信息 高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译,翻译时,要“先主干,再细节”。理清句子的成分,先确定框架,再添砖加瓦。 (2026·上海徐汇·一模) 这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就,远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海崇明·一模) 为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出,公司负责人建议把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中。(integrate) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2026·上海闵行·一模) 受深厚的农耕文化与生态旅游资源驱动,这座偏远村庄如今已蜕变为宜居宜游的美丽乡村。(fuel) ________________________________________________________________________________________ · 考点二:句子翻译常用技巧 解题策略 1. 根据时态标志词:判断时态。 2. 根据时态定义:准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 3. 根据语境暗示:有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 4. 根据并列谓语:当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。 1. 直译和意译 直译和意译没有明确界限,往往是一句汉语整体可以直译,但局部(特别是成语和俗语)却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。 【例1】(2020上海春考) 每周三,这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者,教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule) 【例2】(2019上海高考)爷爷有点耳背,对他耐心一点。(patient) 【例3】(2020年春考)这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时,因其旋律欢快,风格诙谐引起轰动,但只是昙花一现。(when) 【例4】这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly) 2. 适当加减词 【例1】这款手机样式新颖、携带方面,深受年轻人的欢迎。 (2005上海高考) 【例2】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate)(2019上海春考) 【例3】 物理课上,他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (2006上海春考) 3. 语序的变化 【例1】博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷清,急需改善。(whose)(2019上海春考) 【例2】目前,这部国内很火的电影在海外的上映计划覆盖了澳大利亚、新西兰等国,预售火爆,一票难求。(so... that...)(2025·上海浦东新·二模) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【例3】包括新手小白和高级玩家在内的多位受访者表示,他们热衷于攀岩是因为这项运动需要他们富有创造性地解决问题。(range)(2025年黄浦区一模) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 词性的合理变化 【例1】人们现在随时能在超市买到新鲜牛奶。(available) 【例2】学生不能进入教师阅览室。 ( access n.) 【例3】网上支付方便了用户,但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 一、模拟试题精选 (2025~2026学年闵行区二模) 52. 这本新出版的漫画书是否畅销?(sell)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 不停抱怨却不采取行动是没有意义的。(point)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 端午节之际,人们赛龙舟、包粽子、放纸鸢,以此纪念爱国诗人屈原。(memory)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这个初来乍到的软件开发师虽然经验尚浅,却随身携带了备用方案,确保项目顺利进行。(lack of)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ (二) (2025~2026学年金山区二模) 52. 发掘内在动力,你就能坚持自己的目标。(tap) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 如果不良习惯持续存在,就可能对我们的健康构成威胁。(pose) __________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 当下人工智能蓬勃发展,因此理性运用技术、防范潜在风险至关重要。(boom) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这条古老的街巷历经数百年风雨沧桑,见证了城市的兴衰更迭,在这里,一代又一代普通人用平凡的坚守书写着温暖而动人的生活故事。(where) __________________________________________________________________________________ (三) (2025~2026学年松江区二模) 52. 每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 当初我们选这款氢能源汽车时,看中的就是它的续航里程。(matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 天气转凉时,他的胃会不舒服,奶奶经常提醒他把牛奶热一下再喝。(unless) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇,连外国读者都争相购买,销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ (四) (2025~2026学年浦东新区二模) 52. 元宵节当天,志愿者们忙着在社区准备节日庆祝活动。(engage)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 第一次乘坐高铁远行,我学会了找站台,也学会了和陌生人打交道。(The first time) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 乡村生态研学中,呼吸着清新的空气,听着鸟鸣声,我意识到放慢脚步,才能看见风景。(aware) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这家位于大学内拐角处的咖啡店看似普普通通,实则咖啡豆品质上乘,难怪多年来深受师生青睐。(locate) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ (五) (2025~2026学年奉贤区二模) 52. 亲爱的班长,你能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗?(sign)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 原来是她的宠物猫踩到了键盘,发了这条令人摸不着头脑的消息。(turn out)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 市长嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇,提议新建一条连接城乡的公路。(alert) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪,上演了精彩的中国功夫,不仅赢得了连连掌声,也收获了大量订单。(which)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 二、名校试题精选 1.不了解全局就不要随意发表见解。(without) 【来源】上海市延安中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月评估英语试题 2.你是否意识到每座古城都有其独特的文化?(aware) 【来源】上海市卢湾高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 3.在市长和相关各方的共同努力下,这个历史悠久的街区将在明年焕然一新。(take) 【来源】上海市上进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 4.本研究主要关注不同生活环境对小鼠行为模式的影响。(look) 【来源】上海控江、复兴、市西、松二、金山、奉贤六校2025-2026学年高三上期中联考 5.Mark五音不全还想当一名职业歌手,我看他是入错行了。(music) 【来源】上海市位育中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 6.我们正在努力营造一种积极的工作氛围,每个人都能参与决策,畅所欲言,充分发挥潜力。(entitle) 【来源】上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 7.这家咖啡馆由老工厂改造而成,外墙保留了工业时代的质感,内部却充满现代设计感。 (transform) 【来源】上海市曹杨中学2025-2026学年学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 8.这片草莓园人气爆棚,采摘必须提前三天线上预定。(book) 【来源】上海市浦东新区进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 9.退休后,他们搬到了一个海边的安静小镇,过着安居乐业的生活。(contentment) 【来源】上海市进华中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 10.从小县城发家,这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才,在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。(vision) 【来源】上海市七宝中学中学2025~2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题 11.庆节庆祝活动的亮点是一场盛大的烟花秀,五彩缤纷的烟花照亮江边夜空,为数万观众带来无与伦比的视听盛宴 (highlight)。 【来源】上海市行知中学2025~2026学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题 12.你不可能在楼下食品杂货店买到草药和手帕。(possibility) 【来源】上海市华东师大第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题 13.有证据表明,定期锻炼对于提升专注度和记忆力有着积极的影响.(There) 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月第二次测试英语试题 14.随着大家健康意识的提高,逢年过节时不再像以前那样胡吃海喝了,正所谓健康的关键在于饮食。(as) 【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨中学2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷 15.2012年起,这所芬兰大学就开始投资建设一个5000平方米的水上运动基地,不仅提供专业设施,更让赛艇故事代代相传。(where) 【来源】上海市浦东新区进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 三、真题演练 2025年1月春考 1. 种植有机卷心莱的方案必须在下周四前提交。(submit) 2. 巧的是,记者的远房亲戚对乡村发展的丝丝脉络了如指掌。(happen) 3. 这个夜市历经数十年风雨,既有底气坚守本色,也有活力探索新路,年轻人纷至沓来。(undergo) 4. 这个两层楼的酒店古色古香,坐落于半山腰,住店客人得以轻松登顶,并错峰参观纪念馆。(whose) 2024年1月春考 72. 在电子邮件时代,许多人依然会因为收到纸质信件而欣喜不已。(delight) 参考译文: 73. 无论是音乐还是绘画,经典作品有跨越时空的力量。(whether) 74. 这本书介绍了农历的由来,并强调其在中国古代农业发展中的重要作用。(emphasis) 75. 新出台的政策创造了大量就业机会,吸引青年才俊在这个区域定居,为当地企业注入活力。(inject) 2023年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.他接到通知,实验结果一时半会还出不来。(inform) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 73.若不精心安排,明天的美术馆之行就会变成走马观花。 (if) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 74.对喜剧演员来说,没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 75.上任以来,镇长始终将了解民生、听取民意视为重中之重,利用工作之余走访了镇上的每家户。(call on) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2022年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since) 73小张昨天在田里播下种子,期待来的丰收。(sow) 74鉴于手机打车不熟悉的老人不在少数,这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few) 75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念,那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It) 2021年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 羽毛球馆空无一人,为什么灯还亮着?(how come) 73. 我花了三天时间画了一幅风景画,庆祝曾祖父的一百岁寿辰。(take) 74. 在太空遨游一周后,载人飞船安全着陆,那一刻,原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(The instant) 75. 这条小溪蜿蜒流淌,陪伴着世代居住的村民,见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company) 2020年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate) 73. 正如这本小册子介绍的那样,这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As) 74. 每周三,这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者,教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule) 75. 这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时,因其旋律欢快,风格诙谐引起轰动,但只是昙花一现。(when) 8 / 8 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题17 句子翻译之常设考点必备 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 核心考点精讲 5 考点一:句子翻译基本策略(重点) 3 考点二:句子翻译常用技巧(难点) 11 实战演练 34 考试要求 上海高考英语汉译英,要求考生把中文的句子根据题目所给的提示词,通顺地翻译成符合英语表达习惯的句子。它不仅对学生的英语词汇和常见表达等有比较高的要求,同时考查了学生对英语的动词时态、语态、名词的数、冠词、副词和形容词等的理解和应用能力,并且进一步对词组、句型和句子结构进行了全面综合考查。学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上,结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确,而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。 高考中汉译英多为简单句或复合句,题目所给定的提示词汇也是常用词,但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上,结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确,而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。上海历年高考中译英的考察点主要有:时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。 命题分析 语料话题 题材贴近生活、文化、科技、社会发展,传统文化类占比逐年提升,常嵌入四字结构(成语、四字描写短语),是尖子生的主要失分点。 考点搭配 一句一主考点,常叠加次要语法;高频考点:各类从句、非谓语动词、情态动词、比较结构、倒装 / 强调等特殊句式、介词短语。每年稳定设置 1–2 处四字特色表达,是区分度核心。 命题特点 句子长度适中,中文句式灵活,部分中文无主语、无明确时态,需要考生自主梳理逻辑补全英文框架;不考生僻晦涩成语,侧重常用、易直译翻车的四字表达;区分度不在于词汇难度,而在于句式选择、地道转换、逻辑衔接。 命题趋势 弱化机械直译,强化语境意译;文化类四字短语持续高频出现;越来越侧重考察长句拆分、主从复合句的合理组织。 年份 句子翻译考查重难点 2025上海6月 非谓语、状语从句、四字格意译 2025上海1月 被动语态、非谓语、主语从句、定语从句 2024上海秋考 非谓语、短语搭配、定语从句、主语从句、 2024上海春考 短语搭配、定语从句、主语从句、状语从句、四字格意译 2023上海秋考 as、which引导非限制性定语从句、现在完成时、宾语从句 2023上海春考 被动语态、状语从句、比较句型、there be句型 2022上海秋考 非谓语、祈使句、状语从句、固定短语搭配、四字格意译 2022上海春考 句型:it has been+时间段+since…、非谓语用法、强调句型、短语搭配 2021上海秋考 并列句、祈使句、非限制定语从句、四字格意译 2021上海春考 特殊句式、状语从句、定语从句、四字格的直译与意译 · 考点一:句子翻译基本策略 解题策略 · 划提示词:括号内的单词或短语决定句法框架,必须出现在译文中。 · 判时态语态:通读全句,找时间状语或隐含时间线;被动概念看“被、受、由、遭到”等标志。 · 定主干结构:先找“主谓宾”,再处理修饰语补充定语、状语等,使句子完整,;汉语常省略主语或冠词,英语需补全。 一)、确立主干及句子类型 先剥离修饰成分,锁定中文句核心主谓(宾),判断句子属于简单句、并列句还是主从复合句,搭建英文基础框架;是翻译第一步,决定整体句式走向。命题常在一句话里嵌套多层修饰,干扰主干识别,主干出错会直接丢失核心采分点。 考向核心:剥离修饰,锁定主谓宾,判定简单句 / 并列句 / 主从复合句,搭建句子框架 正确分析英语句子结构是翻译的基础。常见的基本句型有下面三种 简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子 并列句: 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子,句与句之间通常用连词或分号来连接 主从句: 包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子,从句必须由从属连词引导 (2026年静安一模) 冬日清晨,没什么比喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆更美妙的了。(than) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:On a winter morning, nothing is more wonderful than having a cup of steaming soybean milk. 解析:主干:Nothing is more wonderful(简单句,比较句型);“冬日清晨” 是时间状语,“喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆” 是比较对象,非主干。先抓住比较级核心框架,再添加修饰成分,避免修饰干扰主干识别。 (2026年黄埔一模) 新政策适用于公司的所有部门。(apply) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:The new policy applies to all departments of the company. 解析:主干:The new policy applies to all departments(主谓宾简单句);“of the company” 后置定语,属于修饰信息。本题难点在于识别 apply to 为固定短语,主干清晰后直接嵌入短语。 (2026年宝山一模) 无论面对什么挑战,我们团队都有决心克服。(whatever) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Whatever challenges we face, our team is determined to overcome them. 解析:主干:our team is determined to overcome them(主句简单句);whatever 引导让步状语从句,属于从句修饰。先锁定主句主干,再识别从句类型,区分主句、从句两套主谓结构,防止两套主干混淆。 二)、分析所给提示词的词性及用法 题干给出提示词是上海翻译经典设题方式,必须先判定提示词是动词、名词、形容词还是介词,确认其固定搭配、句型要求(如是否接 to do/doing、是否引导从句);不可随意变形。提示词往往就是本句的核心采分点,词性误用是高频失分点。历年高考汉译英的考查,在每句汉语句子后面的括号内都会给出翻译成英文时必须用到的词,这是为了直接考查某些语言点,同时也限制了翻译方法的数量。 考向核心:先判定括号提示词词性、固定搭配、句型限制,提示词往往是核心采分点 (2026年嘉定一模) 一个个小型美术馆在上海的社区中悄然兴起了。(emerge) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Small art galleries are emerging quietly in communities across Shanghai. 解析:emerge,不及物动词,含义 “出现、兴起”,无被动;不能接宾语。提示词为谓语动词,根据语境用现在进行时;学生易错点:误写 be emerged。 (2026年徐汇一模) 随着新学期的开始,学生们需要快速调整心态,以适应更加紧张和繁重的学习任务。(adjust to) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:As the new semester begins, students need to adjust their mindset quickly to adjust to tighter and heavier academic tasks. 解析:adjust 是动词;固定搭配adjust to + 名词 /doing,to 是介词,后面不能接动词原形;本提示短语强制要求后接名词性成分,是本题核心采分点。 (2026年奉贤一模) 这款基于中国古典小说的游戏让许多外国玩家感受到了东方魅力。(expose) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Based on classical Chinese novels, this game exposes many foreign players to the charm of the East. 解析:expose 为及物动词,固定搭配expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触 / 感受到;提示词的固定句型是得分关键,学生极易漏掉 to 或者变换搭配。 三)、语序调整 中英语序天然差异大:中文习惯状语、定语前置;英文定语后置、状语位置灵活。翻译时要把中文前置修饰(时间、地点、方式、定语)调整为英语规范语序,定语长则改用定语从句 / 非谓语后置,避免中式语序直译,是阅卷重点观察项。 1、定语的位置:英语中,单词充当定语时多为前置,短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。 2、状语的位置:英语中,状语可修饰动词或句子,时间、地点状语往往可置句尾。 考向核心:中文定语、状语习惯前置;英文长定语后置,状语位置灵活,打破中文流水语序 (2026·上海杨浦·一模) 睡姿关乎心脑健康,因此选择一个你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的睡姿是明智之举。(where) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Sleeping positions matter for heart and brain health, so it is wise to choose one where you feel most comfortable and wake up least often at night. 解析:中文 “你感觉最舒适、夜间醒来频率最低的” 前置修饰 “睡姿”;英文把这个长修饰改写为 where 引导的定语从句,放在先行词 one 之后,符合英文定语后置规则,避免中文式前置堆砌。 (2026·上海闵行·一模) 你收集的资料越充分,报告就越有说服力。(The more..., the more...) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:The more sufficient information you collect, the more convincing your report will be. 解析:中文正常语序:你的资料越充分;英文 The more 引导倒装结构,形容词提前,改变常规主谓语序,属于典型语序调整考点,是固定特殊句型语序。 (2026·上海长宁·一模) 初冬的午后,我漫步在这所知名学府的校园,踏着铺满落叶的草坪,享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:On an early winter afternoon, I wander around the campus of this famous university, walking on the lawn covered with fallen leaves and enjoying the inner peace brought by the scent of books. 解析:中文一连串并列流水短句;英文调整语序,把次要动作 “踏着、享受” 降级为现在分词作伴随状语,主句只保留核心谓语 wander,重构语序,符合英文主次分明的表达习惯。 四)、语态对译 中文多用主动表达,常暗含被动含义;英文被动语态、It 形式被动使用广泛。需要主动识别中文隐性被动含义(受、得以、被、遭到),灵活选用被动结构;同时也要区分:部分中文被动语义不适合直译 be done,改用主动、系表结构更地道。 在解题时,学生对句子的时态和语态的把握时一大难点。在评分时,考生在时态和语态每出现一次错误都会被扣一分,因此必须对此给予足够的重视。在翻译前,考生需要先通读全句,然后确定基本时态。 考向核心:中文多主动,常暗藏被动含义;英文灵活切换被动、形式主语,识别隐性被动 (2026·上海徐汇·一模) 应该鼓励孩子们多参与户外活动。(encourage) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Children should be encouraged to take part in more outdoor activities. 解析:中文无明显 “被” 字,但是语义是 “孩子应当被鼓励”,隐性被动;encourage sb. to do,被动结构 sb. be encouraged to do。如果翻译成 We should encourage children 虽然语法成立,但没有抓住本句被动考察意图。 (2026·上海杨浦·一模) 该校作业政策是在与全体教师商议后修订的。(consultation) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:The school’s homework policy was revised after consultation with all teachers. 解析:中文 “政策是被修订的”,隐性被动;主语 policy 是动作承受者,选用一般过去时被动 was revised;consultation 是名词,after 后接名词,规避 after consulting 的版本,贴合提示词。 (2026·上海静安·一模) 这位青年画家凭借细腻的笔触,迅速获得业界青睐,订单纷至沓来。(favor) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:With delicate brushwork, the young painter soon won favor from the industry, and orders came pouring in. 解析:反向语态转换:中文 “获得青睐” 字面是被动意味,英文选用主动 win favor 表达,比 be favored 更地道;说明语态不是见被动就直译 be done,要兼顾英文惯用表达。 五)、无主句翻译 中文大量没有主语的句子,不能生硬乱补主语。常用处理方案:①it 作形式主语;②被动语态;③补充泛指主语 we/you;④there be 句型;⑤用动名词作主语。该考点区分度高,是上海翻译高频难点。由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语原文为了语言简洁而省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。 考向核心:中文没有主语,英文不能裸句;方案:it 形式主语、动名词主语做主语 (2026·上海普陀·一模) 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的,而且也是违反法律的。(against) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Speeding is not only very dangerous to your passengers but also against the law. 解析:中文无明确主语,描述一种行为;处理方式:动作 speeding(动名词)作主语,把 “超速” 这个行为本身作为英文句子主语。 (2026·上海宝山·一模) 真的太神奇了,人工智能使许多不可能都变成了现实。(amazing) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:It is amazing that artificial intelligence has turned many impossibilities into reality. 解析:中文前半句无主语,采用it 作形式主语,真正主语是 that 从句,是上海翻译无主句最高频考法,避免直接翻译 That...is amazing 头重脚轻。 (2026·上海青浦·一模) 初学做饭经常会出现这种问题,再试一次就好!(arise) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Such problems often arise when one first learns to cook. 解析:中文没有主语 “谁”,补充泛指主语 one;arise 是不及物动词(问题产生、出现),不用被动;用 when 状语从句引出泛指主体,解决中文缺主语的问题。 六)、长句翻译 中文长句多为流水句,短句堆砌、逻辑暗藏,切忌一字一句顺译。优先拆分句子,理清内部逻辑(因果、让步、条件、递进),选用连词、从句、非谓语、介词短语重构英文;分清主句与次要信息,次要信息降级为修饰成分,兼顾英文紧凑性。 考向核心:中文流水长句,多短句拼接、暗藏逻辑;翻译时拆分、区分主句 / 修饰,用从句、非谓语、连词降级次要信息 高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译,翻译时,要“先主干,再细节”。理清句子的成分,先确定框架,再添砖加瓦。 (2026·上海徐汇·一模) 这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的领导力所取得的惊人成就,远远超出了包括他家人在内的所有人的预期。(exceed) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:The amazing achievements that this young entrepreneur has made with his unique vision and outstanding leadership far exceeded the expectations of everyone, including his family. 解析:中文超长前置修饰 “这位年轻企业家凭借其独特的视野和卓越的(取得的)”,英文把修饰转化为 that 定语从句后置;主句核心:achievements exceeded expectations,大量次要信息降级为定语,拆解超长中文前置定语。 (2026·上海崇明·一模) 为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出,公司负责人建议把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中。(integrate) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:To make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market, the person in charge of the company suggests integrating traditional culture into the product’s design concept. 解析:中文是目的 + 主句的长流水句;把 “为了……” 处理成 to do 目的状语,主句保留核心主谓 the person in charge suggests…,suggest 后接 doing;拆分两层逻辑,主次清晰。 (2026·上海闵行·一模) 受深厚的农耕文化与生态旅游资源驱动,这座偏远村庄如今已蜕变为宜居宜游的美丽乡村。(fuel) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文:Fueled by profound farming culture and eco-tourism resources, this remote village has now transformed into a beautiful village suitable for both living and travelling. 解析:中文一句话包含原因、主干两层信息;把原因 “受…… 驱动” 降级为过去分词作状语(fueled by),主句保留村庄蜕变的主干,避免写成两个独立简单句,实现长句信息整合。 · 考点二:句子翻译常用技巧 解题策略 1. 根据时态标志词:判断时态。 2. 根据时态定义:准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 3. 根据语境暗示:有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 4. 根据并列谓语:当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。 1. 直译和意译 直译和意译没有明确界限,往往是一句汉语整体可以直译,但局部(特别是成语和俗语)却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。 【例1】(2020上海春考) 每周三,这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者,教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule) 【思路解析】句中“雷打不动”无法直接翻译,只能意译为:make it a rule to do sth.表示“使做某事成为常规”。 【参考答案】Those college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage to work as volunteers every Wednesday, 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定句式。根据句意和提示词可知,本句使用固定句式:make it a rule to do,表示“使做某事成为常规”,时间状语“每周三”表明是经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时,同时使用非谓语动词,“大学生”与“教”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作伴随状语,故翻译为:Every Wednesday,these university students make it a rule to do volunteer service in the orphanage, teaching children paper-cutting and knitting. 【例2】(2019上海高考)爷爷有点耳背,对他耐心一点。(patient) 【思路解析】句中“耳背”无法直译,只能意译为:a little deaf或something wrong with one's ears。 【参考答案】Grandpa is a little deaf and be patient with him./There is something wrong with grandpa's ears, so be patient with him. 【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be something wrong with one's ears;表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.;此处为so连接并列句,且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时,后半句为肯定祈使句,句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is something wrong with grandpa's ears, so be patient with him. 【例3】(2020年春考)这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时,因其旋律欢快,风格诙谐引起轰动,但只是昙花一现。(when) 【思路解析】此句中“昙花一现”’可以意译为:its popularity didn’t last long / but it lasted (for) only a very short time/ period.;也可以直译为:a flash in the pan。 【参考答案】When first released at the opening ceremony of the Art Festival, this song caused a sensation / made a stir because of / for/ due to its cheerful melody and humorous style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last long. / but it lasted (for) only a very short time/ period. /The song caused a stir/sensation /became a hit for its cheerful melody and comic style when it was first performed/released at the Art Festival this year, but its popularity didn’t last long/a flash in the pan . 【详解】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句,考查的词汇和词组并不难,“昙花一现”看似难翻,但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。 【例4】这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly) 【思路解析】此句中“很卖座”不能直接一一对应翻译,只能意思是翻译,意译为: it attracted a large audience。 【参考答案】Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience. 【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词about;表示“这部电影”应用名词短语the film;表示“重要的”应用形容词important;表示“那场战争”应用名词短语the battle;表示“上映”应用动词release;表示“卖座”应用动词短语attract a large audience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知,这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……,该短语要求从句为一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,部分倒装时,助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience. 2. 适当加减词 【例1】这款手机样式新颖、携带方面,深受年轻人的欢迎。 (2005上海高考) 【答案】The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with youngsters. /The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, and it is very popular with youngsters. 【思路解析】中文两个分句有因果关系或并列关系,故翻译时,当并列句需加“and”;当主从句时,需加上 从属连词“so”。 【例2】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate)(2019上海春考) 【答案】What on earth motivated Xiao Wang to study / learn electronic engineering? /What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to study / learn electronic engineering? 【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析,此处“....的积极性”可以省略不必翻译。 【例3】 物理课上,他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (2006上海春考) 【答案】In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about. 【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析,此处“....的内容”可以省略不必翻译。 3. 语序的变化 【例1】博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷清,急需改善。(whose)(2019上海春考) 【答案】The museum,whose exhibits are dusty, badly needs to be improved because of its few visitors and poor management. 【思路解析】此句中文表达简洁,多为四字格,疏于管理not well managed/management is reckless,被灰尘覆盖be covered with dust/be piled with dust,游客稀少few visitors ,亟需改善be badly in need of improvement/requires immediate improvement 。翻译时,厘清主句从句关系,化繁为简,适当调整句子语序。故翻译为his museum is not well managed whose exhibits are covered with dust and there are few visitors so everything is badly in need of improvement.或The museum whose management is reckless whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted /requires immediate improvement. 【例2】目前,这部国内很火的电影在海外的上映计划覆盖了澳大利亚、新西兰等国,预售火爆,一票难求。(so... that...)(2025·上海浦东新·二模) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The domestically popular film’s overseas release schedule, which covers Australia, New Zealand and other countries, is so hot in pre-sales that tickets are hard to come by. 【解析】汉语“这部国内很火的电影”中“国内很火”与“电影”紧邻,英语先把核心名词film提前,用’s所有格把“海外的上映计划”整体后置为overseas release schedule;汉语前置的覆盖范围“澳大利亚、新西兰等国”用非限定性定语从句which covers...后置;“预售火爆”用介词短语in pre-sales后置,使英语主干“schedule is so hot...”清晰,符合英语长定语靠后的习惯。 【例3】包括新手小白和高级玩家在内的多位受访者表示,他们热衷于攀岩是因为这项运动需要他们富有创造性地解决问题。(range)(2025年黄浦区一模) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】  A dozen interviewees, ranging from beginners to professionals, said they were enthusiastic about rock climbing because it required them to solve problems creatively. 【解析】 考查短语、时态、非谓语动词、宾语从句和原因状语从句。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时;“多位”翻译为a dozen,后接可数名词的复数形式;“受访者”用名词interviewee;“包括”用短语range from...to,在句中作定语,与interviewees之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式;“新手小白”用名词beginner;“高级玩家”用名词professional;“表示”用动词say,后接宾语从句;“热衷于”用短语be enthusiastic about;“攀岩”翻译为rock climbing;“因为”用连词because,引导原因状语从句;“需要某人做某事”用短语require sb. to do sth.;“解决问题”翻译为solve problems ;“创造性地”用副词creatively,故宾语从句译为they were enthusiastic about rock climbing because it required them to solve problems creatively,结构、意义完整,使用that引导,that可省略。翻译时,厘清主句从句关系,化繁为简,适当调整句子语序。故翻译为:A dozen interviewees, ranging from beginners to professionals, said they were enthusiastic about rock climbing because it required them to solve problems creatively. 4. 词性的合理变化 【例1】人们现在随时能在超市买到新鲜牛奶。(available) 【答案】Nowadays fresh milk can available to people at anytime at the supermarket. 【思路解析】句中动词“买到”转换为形容词短语“sth. be available to sb”, 且注意中英文语序发生了变化。 【例2】学生不能进入教师阅览室。 ( access n.) 【答案】Students have no access to the teachers’ reading room. 【思路解析】句中动词“进入”转换为含名词短语“have/get access to”, 词性发生了变化。 【例3】网上支付方便了用户,但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 【答案】Online payment makes it easier for users, but (it is) at the cost of their privacy 【思路解析】句中动词“牺牲了”转换为含名词短语“at the cost of ”, 词性发生了变化。 一、模拟试题精选 (2025~2026学年闵行区二模) 52. 这本新出版的漫画书是否畅销?(sell)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Does this newly-published comic book sell well? 【解析】 【详解】考查一般疑问句及主谓一致。表示“这本新出版的漫画书”用this newly-published comic book,作句子主语,表示“畅销”用sell well,sell在这里是不及物动词,主动形式表被动含义;句子是一般现在时的一般疑问句,主语是第三人称单数,借助助动词Does开头,助动词后动词用原形。故翻译为Does this newly-published comic book sell well? 53. 不停抱怨却不采取行动是没有意义的。(point)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no point (in) keeping complaining without taking any action. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、动词时态及动名词。本句陈述客观情况,用一般现在时。根据提示词“point”,“做某事是没有意义的”用固定句型“There is no point (in) doing sth.”表示,“不停抱怨”用动词短语“keep complaining”表示,作介词in的宾语,用动名词形式keeping complaining。“却不采取行动” 译为without taking any action。故整句翻译为:There is no point (in) keeping complaining without taking any action. 54. 端午节之际,人们赛龙舟、包粽子、放纸鸢,以此纪念爱国诗人屈原。(memory)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】On the occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival, people hold dragon boat races, make zongzi and fly kites in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、并列谓语、以及固定短语。本句陈述传统习俗,用一般现在时。“端午节之际”是时间状语,“在……之际”用on the occasion of表示,“端午节”译为the Dragon Boat Festival,该部分翻译成On the occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival。“人们赛龙舟、包粽子、放纸鸢”是主句,“人们”用people表示,“赛龙舟、包粽子、放纸鸢”是三个并列的谓语动词短语,分别译为hold dragon boat races, make zongzi and fly kites,该部分翻译成people hold dragon boat races, make zongzi and fly kites。“以此纪念爱国诗人屈原”用固定搭配in memory of表示“为了纪念”,“爱国诗人”译为patriotic poet,该部分翻译成in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan。故整句翻译为:On the occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival, people hold dragon boat races, make zongzi and fly kites in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. 55. 这个初来乍到的软件开发师虽然经验尚浅,却随身携带了备用方案,确保项目顺利进行。(lack of)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite his lack of experience, the newly arrived software developer carried a backup plan to ensure the project went smoothly. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语和时态。句子陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;表示“虽然经验尚浅”用despite his lack of experience,介词短语作让步状语;主语“这个初来乍到的软件开发师”是the newly arrived software developer;谓语“随身携带”是carried;宾语“备用方案”是a backup plan;“确保项目顺利进行”为to ensure the project went smoothly,动词不定式作目的状语。故翻译为Despite his lack of experience, the newly arrived software developer carried a backup plan to ensure the project went smoothly. (二) (2025~2026学年金山区二模) 52. 发掘内在动力,你就能坚持自己的目标。(tap) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tap into your inner motivation, and you will stick to your own goals. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配和祈使句句型。“发掘” 用固定短语tap into;“内在动力” 是inner motivation;本句为 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 结构,“坚持目标” 用stick to one’s goals。 53. 如果不良习惯持续存在,就可能对我们的健康构成威胁。(pose) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If bad habits persist, they may pose a threat to our health. 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句和固定搭配。“持续存在” 用persist;“对…… 构成威胁” 用固定短语pose a threat to…;条件状语从句遵循 “主将从现”。 54. 当下人工智能蓬勃发展,因此理性运用技术、防范潜在风险至关重要。(boom) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At present, artificial intelligence is booming, so it is vital to use technology rationally and guard against potential risks. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在进行时和固定句型。“蓬勃发展” 用is booming;“做某事至关重要” 用it is vital to do sth;“理性运用” 为use…rationally,“防范潜在风险” 为guard against potential risks。 55. 这条古老的街巷历经数百年风雨沧桑,见证了城市的兴衰更迭,在这里,一代又一代普通人用平凡的坚守书写着温暖而动人的生活故事。(where) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This ancient street has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs and witnessed the rise and fall of the city, where ordinary people from generation to generation have written warm and touching life stories with ordinary perseverance. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在完成时和 where 引导的定语从句。“历经风雨沧桑” 用has experienced ups and downs;“见证兴衰” 为witnessed the rise and fall;先行词为 street,用where引导非限制性定语从句;“平凡的坚守” 译为ordinary perseverance。 (三) (2025~2026学年松江区二模) 52. 每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“每天做点洗碗之类的家务活”用动名词短语作主语,为doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day;表示“对……很管用”可用have a good effect on;表示“培养耐心”为develop patience,develop用动名词形式作介词on的宾语。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 53. 当初我们选这款氢能源汽车时,看中的就是它的续航里程。(matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When we chose this (model of) hydrogen-powered car at that time, what mattered most was its range/how far it could go after being charged. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和固定表达。根据句意,该句描述过去发生的动作,全句使用一般过去时;表示“当初”为at that time作时间状语;表示“我们选这款氢能源汽车”为时间状语从句,用when引导,从句主语为we,“选择”为choose,动词用过去式,“这款氢能源汽车”为this hydrogen-powered car作从句宾语,所以从句译为When we chose this hydrogen-powered car at that time;表示“看中的就是”使用主语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以可使用what引导,在从句中作主语,“看中”可理解为“重要”为mattered,表示“最”为most修饰mattered,所以主语从句译为what mattered most;表示“是”为was作系动词,主语从句视为单数,所以be动词为was;表示“它的续航里程”为its range或者“充电后能跑多远”使用表语从句作表语,结合句意使用how far引导,主语使用it指代“汽车”,表示“能跑多远”为how far it could go,表示“充电后”为after being charged。故翻译为When we chose this (model of) hydrogen-powered car at that time, what mattered most was its range/how far it could go after being charged. 54. 天气转凉时,他的胃会不舒服,奶奶经常提醒他把牛奶热一下再喝。(unless) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the weather gets cold(er), he has stomach discomfort, so the grandmother often reminds him not to drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“天气转凉时”为as引导时间状语从句,翻译为as the weather gets colder;主语“他”为he;表示“胃会不舒服”为have stomach discomfort,结合主语动词have 用has;与第二句为因果关系,用连词so ;第二个分句主语为the grandmother;表示“经常”用副词often;表示“提醒某人别做某事”短语为remind sb. not to do sth.;“他”用宾格代词him;“喝”用动词drink;表示“把牛奶热一下再喝”翻译为unless引导的条件状语从句,为drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed。陈述事实为一般现在时。故翻译为As the weather gets cold(er), he has stomach discomfort, so the grandmother often reminds him not to drink the milk unless it is heated/warmed. 55. 这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇,连外国读者都争相购买,销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;“这部关于宋朝历史的小说”用the historical novel about the Song Dynasty,作主语,“备受推崇”用be highly favored,主语novel是第三人称单数,be用was,“一出版”用upon its publication,作时间状语,“连”即“甚至”用副词even,“外国读者”用foreign readers,“争相购买”用rush to buy its copies,rush作谓语,用过去式rushed,“这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇”和“连外国读者都争相购买”是并列关系,用and连接;“销售量远超同类作品”处理为修饰novel的非限制性定语从句,“销售”用名词sales,和先行词copies之间为所属关系,用关系代词whose作引导词,“远远超过”用go far beyond,go作谓语,用过去式went,宾语“同类作品”用those in the same category/of the same kind。综上,故翻译为:The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. (四) (2025~2026学年浦东新区二模) 52. 元宵节当天,志愿者们忙着在社区准备节日庆祝活动。(engage)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】On the Lantern Festival, the volunteers were busy engaging themselves in preparing the festival celebrations in the community. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“元宵节当天”为on the Lantern Festival;表示“志愿者们”用复数名词volunteers,作主语;表示“忙着做某事”短语为be busy engaging oneself in doing sth.;表示“准备节日庆祝活动”为动名词短语preparing the festival celebrations in the community。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为On the Lantern Festival, the volunteers were busy engaging themselves in preparing the festival celebrations in the community. 53. 第一次乘坐高铁远行,我学会了找站台,也学会了和陌生人打交道。(The first time) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The first time I traveled long distance by high-speed rail, I learned how to find the platform and how to deal with strangers. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和时态。表示“第一次”为the first time,引导时间状语从句,主语为I;表示“乘坐高铁远行”为travel long distance by high-speed rail;主句主语为I;表示“学会”用动词learn;表示“找站台”用疑问词+不定式结构,翻译为how to find the platform;表示“和陌生人打交道”为how to deal with strangers,and连接并列结构,发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为The first time I traveled long distance by high-speed rail, I learned how to find the platform and how to deal with strangers. 54. 乡村生态研学中,呼吸着清新的空气,听着鸟鸣声,我意识到放慢脚步,才能看见风景。(aware) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】During the rural ecological study tour, breathing the fresh air and listening to the birdsong, I became aware that only by slowing down could I see the scenery. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词和时态。表示“乡村生态研学中”短语为during the rural ecological study tour;表示“呼吸着清新的空气”为breathing the fresh air;表示“听着鸟鸣声”为listening to the birdsong,and连接并列结构,与主语I构成主动关系,故用现在分词词作状语;主语为I;表示“意识到”短语为became aware that;表示“到放慢脚步,才能看见风景”翻译为倒装句,为only by slowing down could I see the scenery。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为During the rural ecological study tour, breathing the fresh air and listening to the birdsong, I became aware that only by slowing down could I see the scenery. 55. 这家位于大学内拐角处的咖啡店看似普普通通,实则咖啡豆品质上乘,难怪多年来深受师生青睐。(locate) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The coffee shop, located at the corner inside the university, seems ordinary, but in fact its coffee beans are of high quality, so no wonder (that) it has been popular with teachers and students over the years. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词短语和固定句型。主语“这家咖啡店”用the coffee shop,“看起来”seem,句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,表语“普通的”用形容词ordinary,“位于大学内拐角处”为后置定语,表达为located at the corner inside the university,but表转折,连接并列句,“事实上”用in fact,主语“它的咖啡豆”用its coffee beans,“品质上乘”用are of high quality,构成系表成分,“因此”用so,连接并列句表结果,“难怪”用no wonder (that)...,从句的主语是it,指代上文提到的咖啡店,“受到某人的欢迎”用短语be popular with,“师生”用teachers and students,“多年来”用over the years,是现在完成时的标志词,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用has。故翻译为:The coffee shop, located at the corner inside the university, seems ordinary, but in fact its coffee beans are of high quality, so no wonder (that) it has been popular with teachers and students over the years. (五) (2025~2026学年奉贤区二模) 52. 亲爱的班长,你能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗?(sign)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 【解析】 【详解】考查动词,名词和短语。“亲爱的班长”用Dear monitor表示呼语,“能……吗”用情态动词could+动词原形的一般疑问句表示,“在……上签名”用动词sign表示,“我的毕业相册”表示为my graduation album作宾语,“写一句祝福”暗示“为我写一句祝福”用write a blessing for me表示,与“签名”是并列关系,用and连接。句首单词首字母大写。故译为Dear monitor, could you please sign my graduation album and write a blessing for me? 53. 原来是她的宠物猫踩到了键盘,发了这条令人摸不着头脑的消息。(turn out)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It turned out that her pet cat stepped on the keyboard and sent this puzzling message. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和固定句型。表示“原来是……”用固定句型It turns out that…;表示“她的宠物猫”用her pet cat,作主语;表示“踩到键盘”用step on the keyboard,表示“发了这条消息”用send this message;turn out作主句谓语,step和send并列作从句谓语,事情已发生,用一般过去时;表示“令人摸不着头脑的信息”用this puzzling message。故翻译为:It turned out that her pet cat stepped on the keyboard and sent this puzzling message. 54. 市长嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇,提议新建一条连接城乡的公路。(alert) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The mayor, alert to this excellent opportunity, proposed building a new road connecting the city and the countryside. 【解析】 【详解】考查一般过去时、形容词短语作状语和现在分词作定语。句子描述过去发生事情,用一般过去时;“嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇”即“对这一绝佳的机遇保持警觉”,用形容词短语“alert to this excellent opportunity”在句中作状语;“提议做某事”用固定搭配“propose doing sth”;“连接城乡的”作定语修饰“公路”,用现在分词短语“connecting the city and the countryside”。故翻译为The mayor, alert to this excellent opportunity, proposed building a new road connecting the city and the countryside. 55. 这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪,上演了精彩的中国功夫,不仅赢得了连连掌声,也收获了大量订单。(which)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This robot moved nimbly and flexibly on the stage and performed wonderful Chinese kung fu which not only won continuous applause but also gained a lot of orders. 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和并列结构。句子陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时;表示“这台机器人”用this robot;表示“在台上”用on the stage;表示“闪转腾挪”用move nimbly and flexibly;表示“上演了精彩的中国功夫”用perform wonderful Chinese kung fu,move和perform并列作主句谓语,应用过去式moved和performed;“不仅赢得了连连掌声,也收获了大量订单”按要求用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子的内容,在从句中作主语;表示“不仅……也……”用not only...but also...,连接并列谓语;表示“赢得了连连掌声”用win continuous applause;表示“收获了大量订单”用gain a lot of orders,win和gain作从句谓语,用过去式。综上,故翻译为:This robot moved nimbly and flexibly on the stage and performed wonderful Chinese kung fu, which not only won continuous applause but also gained a lot of orders. 二、名校试题精选 1.不了解全局就不要随意发表见解。(without) 【来源】上海市延安中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月评估英语试题 【答案】Don’t express your opinions casually without understanding the overall situation. 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“发表见解”可用express your opinions,表示“随意”用副词casually,此处为否定祈使句;表示“不了解全局”可用介词短语without understanding the overall situation。故翻译为Don’t express your opinions casually without understanding the overall situation. 2.你是否意识到每座古城都有其独特的文化?(aware) 【来源】上海市卢湾高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 【答案】Are you aware that every ancient city has its unique culture? 【详解】考查一般疑问句、宾语从句和固定搭配。表示 “你是否意识到……”用Are you aware that…,that引导宾语从句;从句主语 “每座古城”用every ancient city;“独特的”用 unique,“文化” 用 culture,因此“有其独特的文化”用have its unique culture,从句主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词have用单数形式。故翻译为Are you aware that every ancient city has its unique culture? 3.在市长和相关各方的共同努力下,这个历史悠久的街区将在明年焕然一新。(take) 【来源】上海市上进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 【答案】With the joint efforts of the mayor and all relevant parties, this time-honored neighborhood will take on a new look next year. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。根据中文提示可知,表示“在市长和相关各方的共同努力下”应用with the joint efforts of the mayor and all relevant parties,为介词短语作状语,其中with the joint efforts of表“在……的共同努力下”,为固定搭配;表示“这个历史悠久的街区”应用 this time-honored neighborhood,为名词短语作主语;表示“将焕然一新”应用will take on a new look,时态为一般将来时表未来情况;表示“明年”应用next year,为副词短语作状语。故翻译为With the joint efforts of the mayor and all relevant parties, this time-honored neighborhood will take on a new look next year. 4.本研究主要关注不同生活环境对小鼠行为模式的影响。(look) 【来源】上海控江、复兴、市西、松二、金山、奉贤六校2025-2026学年高三上期中联考 【答案】This research mainly looks at how different living environments influence the behavior of mice. 【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。表示“本研究”应用this research;表示“主要”应用mainly;表示“关注”应用look at,陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式;looks at后接宾语从句,从句用连接副词how引导;表示“不同生活环境”应用different living environments;表示“影响”应用influence,从句主语为复数名词,谓语动词用原形;表示“小鼠行为模式”应用the behavior of mice。故翻译成:This research mainly looks at how different living environments influence the behavior of mice. 5.Mark五音不全还想当一名职业歌手,我看他是入错行了。(music) 【来源】上海市位育中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 【答案】Mark has no ear for music but still wants to be a professional singer. I think he has chosen the wrong line of work. 【详解】考查时态。“对音乐没有鉴赏力(五音不全)”表达为“have no ear for music” ,这里是固定短语。“但是”是but;“想要做某事”是want to do sth;“职业歌手”是professional singer ,“我看”为I think,后接省略that的宾语从句;“入错行”可理解为“选错工作领域”,用choose the wrong line of work。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时。“入错行”在陈述过去对现在造成的影响,为现在完成时。故译为Mark has no ear for music but still wants to be a professional singer. I think he has chosen the wrong line of work. 6.我们正在努力营造一种积极的工作氛围,每个人都能参与决策,畅所欲言,充分发挥潜力。(entitle) 【来源】上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 【答案】We are trying to create a positive work atmosphere where everyone is entitled to participate in decision-making, speak freely and give full play to their potential. 【详解】考查定语从句和动词。表示“努力做某事”用try to do sth.,结合中文“正在”可知句子应用现在进行时,主语是we,助动词用are,“营造一种积极的工作氛围”用create a positive work atmosphere;“每个入都能参与决策,畅所欲言,充分发挥潜力”处理为修饰atmosphere的定语从句,表示“使某人有权做某事”用entitle sb. to do sth.,主语“每个人”为everyone,且与entitle是被动关系,从句陈述客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态,助动词用is;“参与决策”用participate in decision-making,“畅所欲言”用speak freely,“充分发挥潜力”用give full play to their potential,三者并列作主语补足语;代替先行词atmosphere在从句中抽象的地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。综上,故翻译为We are trying to create a positive work atmosphere where everyone is entitled to participate in decision-making, speak freely and give full play to their potential. 7.这家咖啡馆由老工厂改造而成,外墙保留了工业时代的质感,内部却充满现代设计感。 (transform) 【来源】上海市曹杨中学2025-2026学年学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 【答案】This café is transformed from an old factory, with its exterior walls retaining the texture of the industrial era while its interior is full of modern design sense. 【详解】考查时态语态、固定短语和并列结构。根据汉语语境可知,句子陈述咖啡馆的现状及改造背景,应用一般现在时。“这家咖啡馆由老工厂改造而成”中,“改造”用所给提示词“transform”的固定短语“be transformed from”,主语“这家咖啡馆”译为“This café”,为单数,故译为“This café is transformed from an old factory”;“外墙保留了工业时代的质感”用with复合结构作状语表达,译为“with its exterior walls retaining the texture of the industrial era”,来补充说明其外墙特征,其中名词短语exterior walls表示“外墙”,名词texture意为“质感,质地”, industrial era表示“工业时代”;“内部却充满现代设计感”用转折连词“while”衔接,译为“while its interior is full of modern design sense”,形成并列对比结构,其中名词interior意为“内部,室内”,“is full of ”表示“充满”,“modern design sense”表示“现代设计感”。故整句话可译为:This café is transformed from an old factory, with its exterior walls retaining the texture of the industrial era while its interior is full of modern design sense. 8.这片草莓园人气爆棚,采摘必须提前三天线上预定。(book) 【来源】上海市浦东新区进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 【答案】This strawberry field/farm is so popular that picking must be booked online three days in advance. 【详解】考查状语从句和动词。根据所给中文句子,本句可用so...that...引导的结果状语从句,“这片草莓园人气爆棚”为主句,“这片草莓园”为主语,译为this strawberry field或者this strawberry farm,“人气爆棚”作谓语和表语,描述客观事实,用一般现在时,译为is so popular,“采摘必须提前三天线上预定”为that引导的状语从句,“采摘”作主语,译为picking,“预定”作谓语,和主语为被动关系,根据“必须”可知,用情态动词的被动语态,译为must be booked,“提前三天线上”作地点状语和时间状语,译为online three days in advance。故译为:This strawberry field/farm is so popular that picking must be booked online three days in advance. 9.退休后,他们搬到了一个海边的安静小镇,过着安居乐业的生活。(contentment) 【来源】上海市进华中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 【答案】After retirement, they moved to a quiet town by the sea, living a life with contentment. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。表示“……后”用after,后接名词“退休”retirement,作宾语,句子主语“他们”they,“搬到”move to,结合语境可知句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语用moved,“一个海边的安静小镇”a quiet town by the sea,作介词to的宾语,“过着安居乐业的生活”live a life with contentment,与逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,使用现在分词形式作状语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为After retirement, they moved to a quiet town by the sea, living a life with contentment. 10.从小县城发家,这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才,在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。(vision) 【来源】上海市七宝中学中学2025~2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题 【答案】Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. 【详解】考查动词(短语)、介词短语、形容词、名词和非谓语动词。主干部分为“这家公司在短短十年内成为行业翘楚”,描述过去发生的行为对现在产生的影响,时态应用现在完成时,主语“这家公司”可用名词短语this company,为单数,系动词“成为”可用动词become,助动词用has,表语“行业翘楚”可用名词短语a leader in the industry,时间状语“在短短十年内”可用介词短语within just ten years;“从小县城发家”可用分词作状语,“从……发家”可用动词短语originate from,和主语company之间是主动关系,originate用现在分词的形式,“小县城”可用名词短语a small county;“以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才”可理解为“多亏了其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才”,“多亏了”可用介词短语thanks to,“其独到眼光”可用名词短语its unique vision,“先进产品”可用名词短语advanced products,“创新人才”可用名词短语innovative talents,三个短语之间是并列关系,用并列连词and连接。故可译为:Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. 11.庆节庆祝活动的亮点是一场盛大的烟花秀,五彩缤纷的烟花照亮江边夜空,为数万观众带来无与伦比的视听盛宴 (highlight)。 【来源】上海市行知中学2025~2026学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题 【答案】The highlight of the National Day celebration was a grand fireworks show/display, with colorful fireworks lighting up the night sky by the river, bringing an unparalleled/unmatched audio-visual feast to tens of thousands of audience/viewers/spectators. 【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。句子陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。主语“国庆节庆祝活动的亮点”可用the highlight of the National Day celebration表达,主语不可数,系动词用was,表语“一场盛大的烟花秀”可用a grand fireworks show/display表达,“五彩缤纷的烟花照亮江边夜空”可处理为with复合结构作状语,宾语“五彩缤纷的烟花”可用colorful fireworks表达,“照亮”用light up表达,和宾语为逻辑主动关系,因此用现在分词作宾补;light up的宾语“江边夜空”用the night sky by the river表达;“为数万观众带来无与伦比的视听盛宴”可处理为分词作状语,“给……带来无与伦比的视听盛宴”用bring an unparalleled/unmatched audio-visual feast to表达,bring和逻辑主语a grand fireworks show/display之间为主动关系,故用现在分词;宾语“数万观众”可用tens of thousands of audience/viewers/spectators表达。综上,故翻译为The highlight of the National Day celebration was a grand fireworks show/display, with colorful fireworks lighting up the night sky by the river, bringing an unparalleled/unmatched audio-visual feast to tens of thousands of audience/viewers/spectators. 12.你不可能在楼下食品杂货店买到草药和手帕。(possibility) 【来源】上海市华东师大第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题 【答案】There is no possibility that you buy herbs and handkerchiefs in the grocery downstairs. 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。结合题干提示possibility可知,用there is no possibility that表达“不可能……”,that引导同位语从句,对possibility进行解释;从句主语是you,谓语“买”是buy,宾语“草药和手帕”是 herbs and handkerchiefs,复数形式表泛指,状语“在楼下杂货店”是in the grocery downstairs。故翻译为There is no possibility that you buy herbs and handkerchiefs in the grocery downstairs. 13.有证据表明,定期锻炼对于提升专注度和记忆力有着积极的影响.(There) 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月第二次测试英语试题 【答案】There is evidence/proof (indicating/to suggest) that regular exercise/taking regular exercise has a positive impact/effect/influence on improving/enhancing/boosting concentration and memory. 【详解】考查there be句型、同位语从句和短语。表示“有证据表明”应用there be句型,即There is evidence/proof ;表示“表明”可以用indicate或suggest,因此处作后置定语修饰evidence/proof,使用现在分词indicating或不定式to suggest;表示“定期锻炼”短语为regular exercise或动词短语take regular exercise,因此处做主语,使用动名词短语taking regular exercise;表示“对……有积极影响”短语为,因此处表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,且因主语为单数第三人称,谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式has a positive impact/effect/influence on;表示“提升专注度和记忆力”短语为improve/enhance/boost concentration and memory,因此处在句中做介词on的宾语,应使用动名词短语improving/enhancing/boosting concentration and memory。故翻译为There is evidence/proof (indicating/to suggest) that regular exercise/taking regular exercise has a positive impact/effect/influence on improving/enhancing/boosting concentration and memory。 14.随着大家健康意识的提高,逢年过节时不再像以前那样胡吃海喝了,正所谓健康的关键在于饮食。(as) 【来源】上海市普陀区曹杨中学2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷 【答案】With people’s awareness of health raised, they no longer indulge in excessive eating and drinking during holidays as they used to. As the saying goes, the key to health consists in diet. 【详解】考查时态、with复合结构、方式状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句。表示“随着大家健康意识的提高”用with复合结构With people’s awareness of health raised作状语,其中people’s awareness of health“大家的健康意识”作介词宾语,和raise“提高”为被动关系,故用过去分词raised作宾补;主句部分“逢年过节时不再像以前那样胡吃海喝了”,陈述事实用一般现在时。结合句意可知,主句主语为“他们”用they,表示“不再胡吃海喝了”用no longer indulge in excessive eating and drinking。“不再像以前那样”用as they used to,其中as引导的方式状语从句;表示“正所谓健康的关键在于饮食”可用as引导的非限制性定语从句,“正所谓”译为as the saying goes,“健康的关键在于饮食”主语使用名词短语the key to health,谓语动词consist in意为“在于”可作谓语,使用一般现在时第三人称单数形式,diet作其宾语。故翻译为With people’s awareness of health raised, they no longer indulge in excessive eating and drinking during holidays as they used to. As the saying goes, the key to health consists in diet. 15.2012年起,这所芬兰大学就开始投资建设一个5000平方米的水上运动基地,不仅提供专业设施,更让赛艇故事代代相传。(where) 【答案】Since 2012, the Finnish university has started to invest in establishing/setting up a 5,000-square-meter water sports training base, where not only are professional facilities provided but rowing stories are also passed down from generation to generation. /, where professional facilities are provided and rowing stories are passed down. 【来源】上海市浦东新区进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 【详解】考查定语从句、介词短语、连词、时态和语态。“2012年起”作时间状语,用介词短语“since 2012”;主语“这所芬兰大学”翻译为“the Finnish university”,谓语动词用单数形式;“开始投资建设”翻译为“start to invest in establishing/setting up”,描述从2012年开始一直持续到现在的情况,谓语动词start用现在完成时态单数形式has started;宾语“一个5000平方米的水上运动基地”翻译为“a 5,000-square-meter water sports training base”;根据题目要求,“不仅提供专业设施,更让赛艇故事代代相传”可处理为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词是“a 5,000-square-meter water sports training base”,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导该从句;“不仅提供专业设施”翻译为“not only are professional facilities provided”,其中“provide”和主语“professional facilities”之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,且将not only置于句首,引起部分倒装,“更让赛艇故事代代相传”翻译为“but rowing stories are also passed down from generation to generation”,其中“from generation to generation”意为“代代相传”;该定语从句还可以不用not only…but…连接,直接译为“where professional facilities are provided and rowing stories are passed down”。故翻译为Since 2012, the Finnish university has started to invest in establishing/setting up a 5,000-square-meter water sports training base, where not only are professional facilities provided but rowing stories are also passed down from generation to generation. /, where professional facilities are provided and rowing stories are passed down. 三、真题演练 2025年1月春考 1. 种植有机卷心莱的方案必须在下周四前提交。(submit) 【确定句子主干】句子核心是 “方案必须提交”,即 “The plan must be submitted”。翻译时先要抓住主谓结构,这是搭建句子框架的基础,让译文有基本架构支撑。 【处理枝叶成分】“种植有机卷心菜的”是用来修饰 “方案”的,可采用介词短语 “for planting organic cabbage” 来翻译,用作后置作定语,这样贴合英语的表达习惯。最后再翻译时间状语下周四前(before next Thursday)。在英语里,时间状语常置于句末来补充说明事件发生的时间节点。 参考译文: The plan for planting organic cabbage must be submitted before next Thursday. The proposal for planting organic cabbages must be submitted by next Thursday. 2. 巧的是,记者的远房亲戚对乡村发展的丝丝脉络了如指掌。(happen) 【确定主句句型】“It happened that...” 是常用句式,用于引出意外、巧合的事情,对应中文里“巧的是”,让译文一下子就有了自然的英语表达口吻。 【处理从句成分】“记者的远房亲戚”译为“the distant relatives of the journalist”,使用“of”所有格体现所属关系;“对乡村发展的丝丝脉络”中,“乡村发展”可直译为“rural development”,“丝丝脉络”可意译为“the ins and outs”,再搭配“of”表示所属关系。“了如指掌”可意译为“know... very well”,这是简单直白又常用的英语表达方式。 参考译文: It happened that the distant relatives of the journalist knew the ins and outs of rural development very well. It so happens that a distant relative of the journalist is intimately familiar with the details of rural development. 3. 这个夜市历经数十年风雨,既有底气坚守本色,也有活力探索新路,年轻人纷至沓来。(undergo) 【确定句子结构】整句话可分为两段:前半段为“这个夜市历经数十年风雨”,后半段为“既有底气坚守本色,也有活力探索心路,年轻人纷至沓来”,中间可通过so来连接。前半段的“这个夜市历经数十年风雨”可采用简单句结构来翻译,后半段的“既有底气坚守本色,也有活力探索新路”可采用and来连接的并列结构,其中“年轻人纷至沓来”可作为现在分词短语结构作伴随状语来翻译。 【具体用词选择】前半段中的“遭受”可译作“undergo”,相比“experience”多了几分岁月磨砺的感觉,贴合语境。后半段中的“底气”意指“信心”,可译作confidence;活力可译作“vitality”。 参考译文: This night market has undergone decades of ups and downs, so it has the confidence to maintain its original features and the vitality to explore new paths, attracting numerous young people. The night market has undergone decades of ups and downs, maintaining the confidence to stay true to its essence while having the vigor to explore new paths, attracting young people to flock to it. 4. 这个两层楼的酒店古色古香,坐落于半山腰,住店客人得以轻松登顶,并错峰参观纪念馆。(whose) 【确定句子结构】整句话的话题中心是“酒店”,“两层楼”和“古色古香”可分别作为前置定语和后置定语来翻译,“坐落于半山腰”则是“酒店”的谓语成分。而后面的“住店客人得以轻松登顶,并错峰参观纪念馆”则可作为结果状语从句来翻译,通过and来连接。 【具体用词选择】“whose”用来引导定语从句修饰“hotel”,来描述其“古色古香”的风格。“坐落于半山腰”可译作“is located on the mountainside”。“登顶”可直译为“reach the peak”,“错峰”可译为“off-peak hours”。 参考译文: The two-storey hotel, whose style is antique, is located on the mountainside. Guests staying there can easily reach the peak and visit the memorial hall in off-peak hours. This two-storey hotel, whose architecture exudes an antique charm, is located halfway up the hill, allowing guests to easily reach the summit and visit the memorial museum during off-peak hours. 2024年1月春考 72. 在电子邮件时代,许多人依然会因为收到纸质信件而欣喜不已。(delight) 参考译文: In the era/age of email, many people still take delight in / delight in receiving paper letters. delight三个常见短语 ①令某人高兴的是:to one’s delight 例句:令父母高兴的是,孩子们的成绩在持续提高。To the parents' delight, the children's grades were improving steadily. ②对...感到高兴:delight in/ take delight in 例句:他对自己的新工作感到非常满意。He took great delight in his new job. ③高兴:with delight 例句:The children squealed with delight when they saw the puppy. 孩子们看到小狗时高兴得大声尖叫。 73. 无论是音乐还是绘画,经典作品有跨越时空的力量。(whether) 参考译文: Whether it is music or painting, classic works have the power to transcend time and space/ span time and space. 74. 这本书介绍了农历的由来,并强调其在中国古代农业发展中的重要作用。(emphasis) 参考译文: This book introduces the origin of the lunar calendar and places/lays/puts emphasis on its important role in the development of ancient Chinese agriculture. 75. 新出台的政策创造了大量就业机会,吸引青年才俊在这个区域定居,为当地企业注入活力。(inject) 参考译文: ①伴随状语结构 The newly introduced policy has created a large number of job/employment opportunities and attracted more young talents to settle down in this area/region/district, injecting vitality/energy into local enterprises/companies/businesses. ②非限制性定语从句结构 ..., which has injected vitality/energy into local enterprises/companies/businesses. 新出台的 the newly/recently introduced policy newly/recently launched policy the new policy that has been rolled out 2023年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.他接到通知,实验结果一时半会还出不来。(inform) ___________________________________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案: He was informed that the results of the experiment would not be available for sometime. \\ He was informed that there would be some time before the finding of the experiment came out. 翻译要点:实验结果出不来,通知;一时半会 73.若不精心安排,明天的美术馆之行就会变成走马观花。 (if) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案: If not planned carefully, tomorrow's visit to the art gallery will turn out to be a brief tour/ visit/ a passing glance. 翻译要点:美术馆之行,visit to the art gallery;走马观花,a brief tour. 74.对喜剧演员来说,没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be) _____________________________________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案: For a comedian, there is nothing more satisfying/ gratifying/ rewarding/fulfilling than hearing the bursts of laughter of the audience during his performance/ show. 翻译要点:喜剧演员,comedian;演出中,during a performance;观众得阵阵笑声,bursts of laughter from the audience;有成就感,fulfilling. 75.上任以来,镇长始终将了解民生、听取民意视为重中之重,利用工作之余走访了镇上的每家户。(call on) ______________________________________________________________________________________ ⏩参考答案: Since taking office, the town mayor has always taken it a top priority to understand people's livelihood and listening to public opinion, and has called on every household in the town in his spare time. 翻译要点:上任以来,since taking office;将...视为重中之重,regard...as top priorities;利用工作之余,during his spare time;走访了每家户,visited every household. 2022年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since) 【参考答案】 It has been decades since he saw/witnessed such a spectacular sunrise. He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise since decades ago. Decades has passed since he last witnessed the imposing/glorious/splendid/ impressive/spectacular sunrise 考察句型:it has been+时间段+since… 73小张昨天在田里播下种子,期待来的丰收。(sow) 【参考答案】 Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, hoping for a good harvest in the coming year. Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday in anticipation of a good harvest in the coming year. Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, looking forward to a good harvest in the coming year. Xiao Zhang sowed in the field yesterday, in(the) hope of having a good harvest for the coming year. 考察不规则动词变化:sow-sowed-sown(sowed) 考察同一句中多个动词的非谓语用法。 74鉴于手机打车不熟悉的老人不在少数,这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few) 【参考答案】 Given that there are quite a few seniors who are not proficient in cell phone cabs, the company offers a range of services to meet their needs. Considering that there are quite a few elderly people who are unfamiliar with the usage of taxi-hailing apps, the company has provided a series of services to meet their needs. Given(the fact)that/In consideration of the fact that/In (the) light of the fact that/In view of the fact that/ Considering(that) quite a few elderly people/senior citizens are unfamiliar with/ are not familiar with/are not skilled in taking a taxi with mobile phone/using mobile phone to take a taxi, this company offers/provides/presents/furnishes/affords/supplies a series of/a range of/an aray of services to respond to/cater to/meet/satisfy/serve/answer address their needs/demands. 考察句型:“鉴于…”considering…; given that…; ...... 考察短语:“不在少数”quite a few 75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念,那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It) 【参考答案】 It is because of/due to/owning to the customer-oriented concept that this long-lost community mall has been able to return to the public eye. It was due to the implementation of customer-oriented philosophy that the deserted/desolated community shopping mall was brought back to the public eye. It was because of the implementation of the customer-oriented/customer-based customer-first" principle /philosophy that this long-failing/almost-deserted/ dead-silent/lifeless community shopping mall returned to public's attention/regained public's attention/came back to the sight of the public. 考察句型:“正是因为…”的强调句表达;it is/was…that… 考察短语:“顾客为本”:customer-oriented;“落寞已久”:long-neglected/desolated/deserted;“重回大众视野”:regain public attention/ back to the public eye. 2021年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 羽毛球馆空无一人,为什么灯还亮着?(how come) 【答案及解析】 The badminton court/hall/gym/stadium is empty, but /and how come the light(s) is/are still on? Or: How come the light is still on when there is nobody in the badminton stadium. Or:There's nobody in the badminton stadium. How comes the light is still on? 此句中包含四字语“空无一人”, 这里需要注意how come和why的去区别,特别是在口语化的场景下大量使用how come代替why,但是注意两者语序的差别,why后面是部分到状语序,而why是陈述语序。 73. 我花了三天时间画了一幅风景画,庆祝曾祖父的一百岁寿辰。(take) 【答案及解析】 It took me three days to paint a landscape to celebrate my great-grandfather’s 100th birthday. Or: It took me three days to paint a landscape to congratulate on my great grand 100th birthday. Or: It takes me three days to draw a landscape to celebrate my great grandfather birthday. 此句中的“风景画”翻译为landscape,在考纲词汇中,是其第二个意思。take作为花费的句型表达:It takes/took sb some time to do sth,用it形式主语,不定式作真正主语。此外"曾祖父"翻译为 great grandfather。 74. 在太空遨游一周后,载人飞船安全着陆,那一刻,原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(The instant) 【答案及解析】 The instant the manned spaceship landed safely after flying in space for a week, the quiet launch centre exploded with joyful cheers. The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in the universe, the previously silent launching center burst into great joy. The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in space, the previously silent launching center burst into great joy. 此句中有四字语“安全着路”翻译为land safely。“一片欢腾”翻译为burst into great joy由于提示词有大写字母,实际考查“一......就“引导的时间状语从句,用as soon as作为基本用法。as soon as...可译为一……就……,用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。  He will come and see you as soon as he can.  他一有空就来看你。 He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。 同时这个结构用四种变形: (1)一……就……还可以用on/ upon doing 结构来表示 On arriving home he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester. (2)immediately/ instantly/ directly     相当于as soon as,从句中用一般过去时态。 They phoned her immediately they reached home.  他一到家马上就给她打了电话。  I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.   我一看见她就把她认出来了。 We came directly we got your telephone.   我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。 (3)the moment/ the minute/ the instant/ the second     这几个名词短语也可用作连词,直接引导时间状语从句。  He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home.  他说他一到家就打开电视机。 Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.   告诉他,他一到我就要见他。 The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.   铃一响,学生就冲出了教室。 (4)hardly / scarcely…when;  no sooner…than 这两个短语都表示刚……就……,可以互换,主句通常用去完成时。  He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.   他刚出发就想起家来。 He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points. 他刚开始发言,就有人站起来反驳他的论点。 注意: 当hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句子的开头时,主句须用倒装语序。 Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up. 她刚要睡着,忽然敲门声把她吵醒。 No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.   地上的霜一消散, 人们就开始工作了。 75. 这条小溪蜿蜒流淌,陪伴着世代居住的村民,见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company) 【答案及解析】 The river that winds its way, in the company of the villagers who have lived there for generations, has witnessed the ongoing changes in the village. The winding river has kept the villagers’ company who have lived here for generations and witnessed the rapid changes of the village. The winding stream is in company with the villagers all the time who have lived here for generations, witnessing the rapid changes of the village. 注意此句中的四字语“蜿蜒流淌”winding。wind的作为名词是风的意思,作为动词就是“蜿蜒前进”。“日新月异” rapid changes。此外就是提示词company是名词,因为考纲里给的就是名词,我们首先想到的就是短语:keep sb’s company(变形为keep company of sb)或者in company with。这里个别人用company动词,不过其可以作为动词是词典里面的用法,超出考纲范围,更为重要的是同学们还学到动词accompany表示陪伴,很少用到company作为动词。这个作为名词,表示“陪伴”属于熟词生义现象。 2020年1月春考 Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72. 我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate) We really/deeply/truly appreciate their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect We really/deeply/truly appreciate the effort (that) they have made to preserve the Shanghai dialect. We appreciate it deeply/a lot/very much that they have made their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect. 分析: ① 非常:放前面可以用really/deeply/truly,放在句式句可用deeply/a lot/very much ② 感谢:appreciate考纲主要给出了2种用法 a. 欣赏;赏识;重视 —— appreciate sb./sth. appreciate foreign literature 欣赏到外国文学原著 Her family doesn't appreciate her. 她的家人不重视她。 b. 感激;感谢;欢迎【本句翻译为此种用法,不可用We appreciate them for their effort...... 】 appreciate sth. appreciate her help 感激她的帮忙 appreciate doing sth. I don't appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen. 我不愿被人当作二等公民。 appreciate (sb.) (doing) sth. We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如有任何问题,请告诉我们。 ③ 上海方言为专有名词,前面必须加the,即:the Shanghai dialect 73. 正如这本小册子介绍的那样,这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As) As is introduced in the booklet/brochure/leaflet, the drivers here share the habit of politely giving way to/making way for the pedestrians. The drivers here have a good habit of politely waiting till the pedestrians go/cross (the street) first, as is introduced in this booklet. ① 小册子可以写作:booklet/brochure/leaflet ② 正如小册子介绍的那样可写作:As is introduced in the brochure或As the brochure puts it【更为地道,主语人、物均可】 ③ as引导非限定性定语从句,也可放在开头或结尾 ④ 都有某种习惯建议用share the habit of doing sth.表达更为地道 74. 每周三,这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者,教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule) These college students make it a rule to volunteer in the orphanage every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the kids skills/crafts like paper-cutting and weaving/knitting. Those college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage to work as volunteers every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the orphans to do paper cutting and knitting. These college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage Every Wednesday as volunteers to teach/show/demonstrate/instruct the children how to cut paper and knit. 75. 这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时,因其旋律欢快,风格诙谐引起轰动,但只是昙花一现。(when) The song became/was a hit/caused a sensation for its joyful/cheerful rhythm and witty style when (it was) first performed at the Art Festival this year, but its popularity didn’t last long/but it is just like a flash in the pan. When first performed at the Art Festival this year, this song caused a sensation because of /due to/owing to/thanks to/for its cheerful *melody and comic style, but it didn’t last long/but it lasted only (for) a very short time/period. 8 / 8 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题17 句子翻译之常设考点必备(复习讲义)(上海专用)2027年春季高考英语
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专题17 句子翻译之常设考点必备(复习讲义)(上海专用)2027年春季高考英语
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专题17 句子翻译之常设考点必备(复习讲义)(上海专用)2027年春季高考英语
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