期中考试试卷 2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

八年级英语上学期期中综合测试卷 （满分：90分，时间：90分钟） 一、阅读理解（共40分） (A) When Maya was twelve years old, she noticed a problem at her school. Students often forgot to turn off the lights when they left their classrooms. As a result, the school wasted a lot of electricity. Maya wanted to find a solution. She enjoyed science and often made small machines at home. One day, she decided to invent a smart light system. Her system used a small sensor to check whether anyone was in a room. When the room was empty for five minutes, the lights would turn off automatically. When someone entered, the lights would turn on again. At first, the system did not work well. Sometimes the lights went off while students were still sitting quietly in the classroom. Maya realized that her sensor needed to be more sensitive. After several weeks of testing, she finally solved the problem. The school began using Maya’s invention in six classrooms. Three months later, the school’s electricity use in those classrooms had fallen by nearly 20%. Maya was excited about the results. However, she believed that the most important part of her invention was not winning a science competition. It was helping people save energy. 1. What made Maya decide to invent the smart light system? A. Her science teacher asked her to make a machine. B. She wanted to win a competition. C. She noticed that electricity was being wasted. D. Her school needed more classrooms. 2. What was the main problem with Maya’s first system? A. It could not turn on the lights. B. It sometimes turned off the lights when people were present. C. It used too much electricity. D. It worked only during the daytime. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. Maya gave up when her invention failed. B. The school used Maya’s invention in every classroom. C. Maya cared more about money than the environment. D. Maya improved her invention through repeated testing. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Small Invention Makes a Difference B. The History of Electricity C. How to Become a Science Teacher D. The World’s Most Famous Inventors (B) Trees may look quiet, but scientists have discovered that they can communicate in surprising ways. Under the ground, many trees are connected by tiny fungi (真菌). These fungi form networks between the roots of different trees. Through these networks, trees can exchange water and nutrients. Scientists have found that older trees sometimes share nutrients with younger trees growing nearby. This is especially helpful when young trees cannot get enough sunlight. Trees may also send warning signals. For example, when insects attack a tree, it can produce chemicals. Some of these chemicals travel through the air and may cause nearby trees to prepare their own defences. However, scientists are still studying how these processes work. Not all trees communicate in the same way, and researchers do not fully understand how much information trees can exchange. These discoveries have changed the way people think about forests. Instead of seeing a forest as a collection of separate trees, some scientists describe it as a connected community. The next time you walk through a forest, remember that there may be much more happening around you than you can see. 5. What is the main function of the underground fungi mentioned in the passage? A. They help trees grow taller than other plants. B. They connect trees and help them exchange materials. C. They protect trees from all kinds of insects. D. They stop sunlight from reaching young trees. 6. Why may older trees share nutrients with younger trees? A. Younger trees sometimes cannot get enough sunlight. B. Older trees no longer need nutrients. C. Younger trees cannot grow without insects. D. Older trees want to stop younger trees from growing. 7. What does the word “defences” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Ways of finding food. B. Methods of growing faster. C. Ways of protecting themselves. D. Methods of sharing sunlight. 8. Which statement best expresses the writer’s main idea? A. All trees communicate in exactly the same way. B. Scientists have completely understood tree communication. C. Young trees are always healthier than older trees. D. Forests may be more closely connected than people once believed. (C) Imagine trying to buy something without using numbers. How could you tell a shopkeeper how many apples you wanted? How could people build houses or plan journeys? Thousands of years ago, people used simple methods to count things. Some made marks on stones or pieces of wood. Others used their fingers. These methods worked for small numbers but became difficult when people needed to count large amounts. Ancient Egyptians developed a number system to help them measure land and build large buildings. Their system used different symbols to represent different numbers. Later, a number system developed in India made calculations much easier. One of its most important ideas was the use of zero. Although zero seems simple today, it was a remarkable development. Without zero, writing large numbers would be much more difficult. For example, the numbers 15, 105 and 1,005 would be harder to distinguish in our modern place-value system. The Indian number system gradually spread to other parts of the world. Today, most countries use a system based on these ideas. Numbers have also become essential in modern technology. Computers use a special system made up of only two digits: 0 and 1. These digits are called binary numbers. Although humans and computers use different number systems, both depend on numbers to organize and communicate information. 9. Why were early counting methods not always useful? A. People did not know how to use their fingers. B. They were difficult to use for large numbers. C. They required computers to work. D. They could only be used by scientists. 10. Why does the writer mention 15, 105 and 1,005? A. To show that all numbers have the same meaning. B. To explain why computers use only two digits. C. To show the importance of zero in writing numbers. D. To prove that ancient people could not count. 11. How does the writer mainly organize the passage? A. By describing the development of number systems over time. B. By comparing the lives of different mathematicians. C. By explaining how to solve mathematical problems. D. By listing the advantages and disadvantages of computers. 12. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Egyptians invented the binary number system. B. Computers and humans always use the same number system. C. Numbers became important only after computers appeared. D. The development of number systems has influenced both everyday life and technology. (D) Computers can now do many things that once seemed impossible. They can recognize faces, translate languages and even create music. Some people believe that computers may become as intelligent as humans in the future. But does being able to complete difficult tasks mean that a computer can really think? To answer this question, we first need to understand how computers work. Most modern computer systems learn by finding patterns in large amounts of data. For example, a computer can learn to recognize cats after studying thousands of pictures. It notices features that often appear in pictures of cats and uses these patterns to identify new pictures. Humans learn differently. A young child may recognize a cat after seeing only a few examples. The child can also connect this knowledge with personal experiences, emotions and other information about the world. Another important difference is that computers do not necessarily understand the meaning of the information they process. A computer may produce a beautiful poem about sadness, but this does not mean that it experiences sadness as a person does. However, computers have advantages over humans in certain tasks. They can process huge amounts of information quickly and perform repeated calculations without getting tired. This makes them useful in areas such as medicine, scientific research and transport. Some researchers believe that future computers will develop abilities that are much closer to human intelligence. Others argue that human thinking involves experiences and forms of understanding that machines may never fully reproduce. The question is therefore more complicated than simply asking whether computers are clever. Perhaps the most useful question is not whether computers can think exactly like humans, but how humans can use intelligent machines responsibly. 13. Why does the writer compare a child with a computer learning to recognize cats? A. To show that computers always learn faster than children. B. To explain why children should learn computer science. C. To illustrate differences between human learning and computer learning. D. To prove that computers cannot recognize animals correctly. 14. What does the word “process” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. To create something completely new. B. To deal with information in a particular way. C. To share information with other people. D. To remember personal experiences. 15. Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards computers? A. Computers are dangerous and should not be used. B. Computers will certainly replace human thinking. C. Computers are less useful than humans in every area. D. Computers are powerful tools, but their abilities should be understood carefully. 16. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A. To encourage readers to think about the responsible use of intelligent technology. B. To explain how to build a more powerful computer. C. To show that scientists have stopped studying artificial intelligence. D. To suggest that human intelligence is becoming less important. (E) 阅读还原（阅读短文，从方框中所给的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中选出四个填入文中空缺处，使短文意思完整、连贯。有一个选项多余。） The internet has changed the way students learn. In the past, students mainly depended on textbooks and teachers for information. Today, they can find learning materials from around the world within seconds. 17. ________ Students can watch educational videos, read online articles and attend lessons from teachers in other countries. This allows them to explore subjects that may not be covered in their school textbooks. Another advantage is that students can learn at their own speed. 18. ________ They can pause a video, review difficult ideas or practise the same problem several times. However, online learning also brings challenges. 19. ________ Messages, games and social media may interrupt their learning and reduce their concentration. In addition, not everything on the internet is correct. Students need to think carefully about the information they find. 20. ________ The internet is a powerful learning tool, but using it successfully requires good habits and independent thinking. A. For example, some students find it difficult to stay focused when studying online. B. One important benefit is that online learning provides a wide range of resources. C. Students should check information from different sources before believing it. D. Therefore, students no longer need teachers or schools. E. For example, they can spend more time understanding something they find difficult. 二、完形填空（共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。每小题1分，共10分。 Many important discoveries happen when scientists are looking for something else. The discovery of a useful new material by a young engineer named Leo is one example. Leo worked in a laboratory that developed materials for electronic devices. His team wanted to create a material that was both strong and 21. ________. One afternoon, Leo made a mistake while mixing two chemicals. Instead of producing the material he expected, he created a thin, flexible sheet. At first, he thought the experiment was a 22. ________. However, when he examined the sheet carefully, he noticed something unusual. It was extremely light, 23. ________ it was difficult to tear. Leo decided to 24. ________ more tests rather than throw the material away. He discovered that the sheet could protect electronic devices from water. His manager was interested 25. ________ the discovery and encouraged him to continue his research. For several months, Leo worked 26. ________ to improve the material. Sometimes his experiments failed, but he never 27. ________. Finally, the team developed a new covering for electronic devices. It could keep small amounts of water from damaging phones and watches. The invention soon attracted the 28. ________ of several technology companies. Leo’s experience teaches us an important 29. ________: mistakes do not always lead to failure. Sometimes, if we stay curious and examine problems carefully, an unexpected result can 30. ________ a valuable discovery. 21. A. heavy　B. expensive　C. lightweight　D. ordinary 22. A. success　B. failure　C. surprise　D. choice 23. A. because　B. although　C. unless　D. before 24. A. carry out　B. turn off　C. look after　D. give away 25. A. on　B. at　C. in　D. for 26. A. carelessly　B. suddenly　C. hardly　D. patiently 27. A. gave up　B. woke up　C. stood up　D. grew up 28. A. memory　B. attention　C. ability　D. knowledge 29. A. experiment　B. question　C. problem　D. lesson 30. A. depend on　B. worry about　C. lead to　D. wait for 三、阅读填空（共10分） Technology is changing the way we live. In the future, the smart homes may become much more common. A smart home uses different devices to make everyday life easier and more 31. ________ (comfort). For example, smart lights can turn on automatically when someone 32. ________ (enter) a room. This can help families save energy. Some smart machines can also learn about people’s daily 33. ________ (activity). They may remember when people usually get up or go to bed. In the kitchen, smart fridges may become 34. ________ (useful) than ordinary ones. They will be able to check what food is inside and remind people to buy things they need. Scientists are also 35. ________ (develop) smart devices to help older people. These devices may notice unusual changes in their health and send messages to family members. However, smart homes may also bring new problems. Some people worry about the 36. ________ (safe) of their personal information. For this reason, it is important for companies to design smart devices 37. ________ (careful). Although smart homes cannot solve every problem, they may play 38. ________ important role in our future lives. As technology continues to develop, our homes will become more closely connected 39. ________ the internet. We should learn to use these new technologies wisely 40. ________ they can make our lives better without creating unnecessary problems. 四、阅读回答（共10分） In the nineteenth century, a young English girl named Ada Lovelace became interested in mathematics at a time when few women had opportunities to study science. Ada was born in London in 1815. Her mother believed that studying mathematics and science was important, so she encouraged Ada to learn these subjects from an early age. When Ada was seventeen, she met Charles Babbage, a mathematician who was designing a machine called the Difference Engine. Ada was fascinated by his ideas. Later, Babbage developed plans for another machine called the Analytical Engine. Although it was never fully built during his lifetime, the machine was designed to perform different kinds of calculations. Ada studied the machine carefully. She realized that machines might do much more than work with numbers. She believed that a machine could possibly produce music or work with other kinds of information if the information could be represented in a suitable way. In 1843, Ada wrote detailed notes about the Analytical Engine. One part of her notes described a method for calculating a sequence of numbers. Today, this is often regarded as the first published computer program intended for a machine. Ada died in 1852 at the age of thirty-six. Although her work was not widely recognized during her lifetime, she is now remembered as an important figure in the history of computing. Her story shows that imagination and logical thinking can work together to create new possibilities. 41. When and where was Ada Lovelace born? ___________________________________________________________ 42. Why did Ada’s mother encourage her to study mathematics and science? ____________________________________________________________ 43. What machine was Charles Babbage designing when Ada first met him? _____________________________________________________________ 44. What did Ada believe machines might be able to do besides working with numbers? Give one example. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 45. What can we learn from Ada Lovelace’s story? ___________________________________________________ 五、书面表达（共20分） 随着科技的发展，电脑已经成为我们日常生活和学习中的重要工具。学校英文网站正在举办以 “Computers in Our Lives” 为主题的征文活动。 请你根据下面的提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈电脑给我们带来的影响，并发表自己的看法。 写作要点： 1. 电脑在我们的学习和生活中有哪些用途？（至少两点） 2. 电脑给我们带来了哪些好处？ 3. 过度使用电脑可能产生哪些问题？ 4. 你认为中学生应该怎样合理使用电脑？ 写作要求： · 词数：80—100词。 · 条理清晰，内容完整，语句通顺。 · 可以适当发挥，增加具体事例。 · 不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。 Computers in Our Lives ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案（教师用） 一、阅读理解（40分） A: 1-4 C B D A B: 5-8 B A C D C: 9-12 B C A D D: 13-16 C B D A E: 17-20 B E A C 2． 二、完形填空 21-25 C B B A C 26-30 D A B D C 三、阅读填空 31 comfortable 32 enters 33 activities 34 more useful 35 developing 36 safety 37 carefully 38 an 39 to 40 so 四、阅读回答（10分） 41. She was born in London in 1815. 42. Because she believed that studying mathematics and science was important. 43. He was designing the Difference Engine. 44. She believed that machines might be able to produce music. 45. We can learn that imagination and logical thinking can work together to create new possibilities. 五、书面表达 Computers in Our Lives Nowadays, computers play an important role in our daily lives. They have changed the way we study and communicate with others. Computers bring us many benefits. We can search for useful information, attend online lessons and stay in touch with friends. For example, when I have difficulty with my homework, I often watch educational videos to understand it better. However, spending too much time on computers may cause health problems and affect our studies. In my opinion, we should use computers wisely and spend more time doing outdoor activities. In this way, computers can make our lives better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $