上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. identifying 2. their 3. the 4. To investigate 5. needed 6. in 7. lacking 8. As long as 9. if/whether 10. developed Section B 11. H　12. B　13. K　14. J　15. C　16. G　17. A　18. I　19. F　20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B Section B 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. A Section C 47. D 48. F 49. C 50. A III. Summary Writing 51. Sleep inertia, or SI, refers to the phenomenon that you feel less alert within the four hours after waking up, which may have serious consequences for some professions. A new study, by means of an online questionnaire given to 50 people, showed that if your alarm sound is melodic, you will be more alert than if it is not. IV. Translation 52. I am far from relaxed although the debate competition is over. 53. The physicists are working on two designs that they hope will make a difference. 54. Many readers think that the writer, who is called the greatest one in the past five decades, doesn’t live up to his reputation. 55. The first four years were extremely hard for us, as we kept making mistakes and were not good at turning to others. V. Guided Writing 56. Honorable judges, distinguished opponents, and fellow students, Today, we stand here to debate whether schools or families exert a greater influence on students, and our side firmly holds the proposition that schools play a more pivotal role. First and foremost, schools provide a systematic and professional educational environment that is indispensable for students' intellectual growth. Families might offer basic care and initial moral guidance, but schools are the primary institutions designed to cultivate critical thinking, academic knowledge, and complex problem-solving skills. Secondly, the peer environment and social interactions within a school profoundly shape a student's character and values. At school, students are exposed to a diverse community where they learn to cooperate, compete, and navigate complex social relationships—skills that are essential for their future integration into society. In conclusion, while the family serves as the cradle of early development, the school acts as the furnace where teenagers are forged into capable and responsible adults. Therefore, we firmly believe that the school has a more profound and lasting impact on students. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Turn Back the Clock on Ageing Imagine if we could turn back time. A team 1 ______ (identify) a new way in which cells age has also reversed it, giving old mice younger bodies. One way our cells produce energy is through aerobic respiration (有氧呼吸). This takes place mainly in mitochondria—the powerhouses of cells. While mitochondria carry 2 ______ own genomes, some cellular components (成分) necessary for respiration are produced by the nucleus (原子核), so 3 ______ two must work together efficiently. As we age, mitochondrial function declines, which can lead to disease. 4 ______ (investigate) why, Ana Gomos at Harvard Medical School and her colleagues compared levels of messenger RNA—molecules that convey genetic information around a cell—for the cellular components 5 ______ (need) for respiration in the muscle of 6- and 22-month-old mice. Levels of mRNA in the nucleus were similar 6 ______ young and old mice, while levels in the mitochondria decreased with age. Similar changes were seen in mice 7 ______ (lack) a protein called SIRT1. These mice also had higher levels of a protein produced by the nucleus called HIF-1-alpha. This suggests that communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria depends on events involving both these proteins. 8 ______ SIRT1 levels remain high, this type of ageing is impossible. But SIRT1 levels are controlled by another molecule called NAD+, and crucially that declines with age, leading to a breakdown in communication. To see 9 ______ they could fix this breakdown, the team injected the old mice twice daily for a week with a molecule known to increase NAD+. At the end of the week, the mice 10 ______ (develop) a muscle type common in 6-month-old mice. "It gives us a new pathway to target that can reverse some aspects of ageing," says Gomos. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appeal B. conserve C. demonstrates D. dwell E. enormous F. generate G. highlight H. initiatives I. precious J. remedy K. threatened Museums for the People (11) ______ around the world are designed to address pressing social issues and (12) ______ cultural heritage that would otherwise be lost. Many communities around the globe have traditions that are (13) ______ by modern-day globalisation. Some museums are working to (14) ______ this loss by recording oral histories, preserving handicraft techniques and hosting community events. These projects (15) ______ how museums can go beyond displaying objects to actively supporting living culture. Apart from safeguarding cultural heritage, museums also (16) ______ important social issues. For example, some museums create exhibits about climate change to raise public awareness. Such exhibits have great (17) ______ to visitors, especially young people. They help people realise that our natural resources are (18) ______ and should be protected. Museums also (19) ______ public discussion and reflection. They offer safe spaces where visitors can (20) ______ on difficult topics such as social inequality. In this way, museums become more than places of entertainment or education—they become agents for positive change. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Teenagers are paradoxical (自相矛盾的). That's a mild way of saying something that parents often express with considerably (21) ______ language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, (22) ______ and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything get to take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and obedient children become rebellious teenage (23) ______. A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues (24) ______ that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers (25) ______ the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of (26) ______ as well as risk. The researchers studied "prosocial (亲社会的)" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then (27) ______ as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same (28) ______ holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like (29) ______ helping a friend. Most significantly, there was a positive correlation (相关性) between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop (30) ______. Is there some common factor that (31) ______ these apparently conflicting developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity". Decision-making always involves (32) ______ rewards and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk. Teenagers are particularly (33) ______ to social rewards like winning the game or impressing a new friend. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we (34) ______. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh the (35) ______ of getting up off the couch. 21. A. plainer B. stronger C. more different D. more complex 22. A. careless B. promising C. emotional D. helpless 23. A. risk-takers B. trouble-shooters C. decision-makers D. care-providers 24. A. demands B. questions C. suggests D. denies 25. A. concentrated on B. fought against C. came across D. looked over 26. A. matter B. opportunity C. danger D. consideration 27. A. moves on B. dies out C. sets off D. fades away 28. A. behavior B. study C. pattern D. report 29. A. unconsciously B. unwillingly C. unselfishly D. unthoroughly 30. A. separately B. together C. straight D. randomly 31. A. explores B. foresees C. influences D. underlies 32. A. balancing B. discovering C. forgetting D. exchanging 33. A. attached B. committed C. sensitive D. similar 34. A. age B. grow C. leave D. stay 35. A. chance B. effort C. risk D. habit Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） You were interested in how your face and hair looked. We were interested in honesty, courage and lack of self-consciousness. And on Monday our mutual concerns met. A group of judges that included a professor of drawing, Stephen Farthing; the Turner Prize-winning artist Grayson Perry; and myself, an art critic, assembled to assess the entries for the Tate Times Drawing Challenge. The competition invited anyone from 1 to 18 to pick up their pencils and submit (递交) a self-portrait, the best of which would be displayed in the Tate. There were more than 1,000 entries. A self-portrait can be about honesty. But, equally, it can be all about ways of deceiving. Artists can rival actors when it comes to making themselves look better. Think of the difference between that public face that you practise in the mirror and that embarrassing grimace (做鬼脸) in the camera snap. The construction of an image involves dozens of decisions. To study a self-portrait is to understand how an artist wants to be seen. In the case of young people it would seem that for every pretty-faced teenager who would like to imagine themselves as some soft-focus fashion model, there is another who is keen for the world to know that they are alone and misunderstood in their rooms. Despite all the worst intentions, a self-portrait reveals how its sitter sees the world. The judges were looking for a vision that seemed enlivening or truthful, courageous or unselfconsciously fresh. There were pictures of young people doing anything from brushing their teeth, to wearing funny hats, to listening to iPods. But the most interesting images were less self-consciously presented: it was as if the sitters had been caught unprepared. The judges tended to prefer the pictures in which the artist had really tried to look in a mirror rather than copy the surface of a photograph. The best images, says Stephen Farthing, professor of drawing at University of the Arts, London, 'are those done by someone who has spent time drawing from life, not just trying to make pictures that look as if they are finished. The imperfections are where the subconscious leaks out,' Grayson Perry says. It was notable how many entrants mapped out the spots on their faces. Clearly this matters a lot to a teenager. Hair was another obsession, though several got so caught up that their images were more like advertisements for L'Oréal. They weren't worth it. Most judges preferred the bad-hair days of entrants such as 13-year-old Daniel Adkins, in whose self-portrait the hair took on a character all of its own. 36. In the first paragraph, the writer says the judges discovered that ______. A. they shared the same objectives as the competitors B. both entrants and judges were equally satisfied with the results C. the entrants' and the judges' differing objectives were achieved D. the winning entries combined good looks with other positive qualities 37. According to the writer, what do all self-portraits have in common? A. They show exactly what the artist sees in the mirror. B. They reflect the artist's attitudes and concerns. C. They are used to improve the artist's image. D. They deceive both the artist and the viewer. 38. What kind of pictures did the judges tend to prefer? A. The ones that were perfect. B. The ones that were more honest. C. The ones that were more ridiculous. D. The ones that showed more self-awareness. 39. How does the writer feel about the way competitors drew their hair? A. It was more attractive than their spots. B. It suited them better when it was untidy. C. It deserved more attention from the artists. D. It took up too much time for some artists. （B） This week's problem If I do not get into a university like Oxbridge, what can I do to level up my career playing field? —Mary, 20s Jonathan's answer There is a traditional view that a degree from top universities can in itself place you on the highest career path. If your career playing field is assessed purely by salary, then the data support this view: figures for 2016-17 from the UK's education department reveal that Oxford and Cambridge graduates have the highest median incomes of all employed graduates, five years after leaving university. In any event, it is not just university choice that affects your career outcome. In Lauren Rivera's 2015 book, Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs, she reported on Wall Street firms' recruiting practices and showed that unspoken biases apply to select people with a similar cultural fit. One of Professor Rivera's findings was that on Wall Street, male applicants from upper-middle-class backgrounds with an interest in team sports did particularly well. Some employers are levelling the playing field, actively seeking graduates from other well-known institutions, to increase diversity and perhaps because the undergraduate courses at these institutions offer candidates advantages, including vocational elements. Other recruiters are trying out "background blind" admissions, removing from applications references to schools or universities. While there may be peer or family pressure to study at certain institutions, your long-term career success depends on more than the brand name, including what you can demonstrate in terms of technical and employability skills. Research all leading universities to decide which course would suit you best, including the content, style and intensity of teaching, and examination methods. You may also consider which institution would provide the best extracurricular opportunities. Even if Oxbridge doors close for you, other doors will open: employers will be impressed by what you do with the opportunities you actually had, not what might have been. 40. The word "biases" (in paragraph 2 in Jonathan's Answer) most probably means ______. A. common recruiting practices B. unexpected career outcomes C. tendencies to prefer someone D. emphases on culture awareness 41. Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 in Jonathan's Answer are intended to illustrate that ______. A. one's career outcome is affected by more factors than his university choice B. it is better to apply to the companies that care less about educational backgrounds C. well-known institutions prefer university graduates with proper vocational training D. job applicants must provide potential employers with references to universities 42. What advice does Jonathan give Mary? A. Don't take salary too seriously. B. Find a university that fits you best. C. Choose a vocation-oriented college. D. Don't think too much about the future. （C） Dear partners, colleagues and (dare I say it) close personal friends, As the new boss of Multinational United Subsidiary Holdings (MUSH), I am proud to look back on another year of success at our great company. Our performance is largely down to you and your efforts, and we hope that next year those efforts will be rewarded with the end of our long-running pay freeze. Under my tenure (任期), CEO does not stand for Chief Executive Officer but for cheerleader extraordinaire. I feel passionate about reaching out to as many of you as possible, and the door to my office is always open, especially now that we are in an open-plan building. When it comes to 360-degree feedback, I have unlimited bandwidth. 2020 has had its share of painful experiences. My predecessor's (前任的) decision to centralise all group functions did not work, resulting in some exceptional and extraordinary losses for the fifth year running. This forced us to close a few factories. On the bright side, our carbon emissions fell considerably as a result. Just doing our bit for the planet. I plan to return more power to the remaining staff by handing over control to the individual business units. Going forward, we will be moving backwards. This means that now more than ever we need your input and inspiration for 2021. Please think 24/7. We need greater granularity (精细度) and more thought leadership. Let us create a snowstorm and see what lands. If we architect successfully and become well-organized, we can blitzscale (快速扩张) MUSH and impact the market. Business is getting a bad press at the moment for prioritising shareholders above all else. As our results make clear, we have managed to avoid this. What's more, our company has a purpose, and next year we intend to find out precisely what it is. Those of us in the management have been kicking around some ideas, starting with the creation of a cross-disciplinary taskforce. Does becoming part of that winning team fit into your wheelhouse? If so, let our HR department know and someone from the staff interface community will circle back to you. Where will our corporate journey take us in 2021? Hopefully, to the sunlit uplands where a thousand flowers bloom among blue-sky thinking. For that to happen, we must join the dots and create a toolbox that will do the heavy-lifting to allow us to leverage (杠杆) our collective skillset. 43. Why does the writer say CEO stands for "cheerleader extraordinaire"? A. He prefers to work in an open-plan building. B. He will always keep the door to his office open. C. He is ready to know about the employees' thoughts. D. He is thankful to the employees for their hard work. 44. What does the writer mean by "we will be moving backwards" (in paragraph 3)? A. He will decentralize some group functions. B. He will follow his predecessor's decisions. C. He will open some new factories worldwide. D. He will increase the number of individual units. 45. According to the writer, which of the following is an achievement of MUSH's in 2020? A. It ended its long-running pay freeze. B. It recovered its loss in the last year. C. It did its bit for the environment. D. It became better-organized. 46. The writer hopes that MUSH will ______ in 2021. A. make clear what its purpose precisely is B. prioritise shareholders above all else C. find an upland where flowers bloom D. start the staff interface community Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Today, it isn't clear whether the coronavirus will lead to new styles. B. But for now, it seems most likely that we'll all just continue wearing masks. C. In the 1850s and 1860s, more middle-class women started wearing the crinoline as the skirts started being mass-produced. D. Fashion might not be the first thing that comes to mind when we think of isolation strategies. E. Crinolines could be a health hazard—many women burned to death after their skirts caught fire. F. Social distancing didn't have anything to do with isolation or health. The fashionable history of social distancing As the world fights against the coronavirus (新冠病毒) outbreak, "social distancing" has become a buzzword of these strange times. Instead of stockpiling food or rushing to the hospital, authorities are saying social distancing—deliberately increasing the physical space between people—is the best way ordinary people can help stop the spread of the virus. (47) ______ But as a historian who writes about the political and cultural meanings of clothing, I know that fashion can play an important role in the project of social distancing. In the past, maintaining distance—especially between genders, classes and races—was an important aspect of social gatherings and public life. (48) ______ It was, instead, about manners and class. And fashion was the perfect tool. Take the Victorian-era "crinoline". This large, voluminous skirt, which became fashionable in the mid-19th century, was used to create a barrier between the genders in social settings. While the origins of this trend can be traced to the 15th-century Spanish court, these voluminous skirts became a marker of class in the 18th century. Only those privileged (有特权的) enough to avoid household chores could wear them; you needed a house with enough space to be able to comfortably move from room to room, along with a servant to help you put it on. The bigger your skirt, the higher your status. (49) ______ Soon, "Crinolinemania" swept the fashion world. Despite criticism by dress reformers who saw it as another tool to oppress women's mobility and freedom, the large skirt was a useful way of maintaining women's social safety. The crinoline ensured that a stranger would keep a safe distance from a woman's body. (50) ______ Perhaps we'll see the rise of new forms of protective outerwear, like the "wearable shield" that one Asian company developed. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Your Alarm Sound May Be the Reason Why You Feel Sleepy After Waking Up A team of Australian scientists from RMIT University in Melbourne found that melodic alarms were linked to reductions in "sleep inertia", (SI) according to a study published in the journal PLOS ONE. SI is the reduction in alertness experienced up to four hours after waking, the researchers said. This phenomenon can affect human performance in a variety of ways. "If you don't wake properly, your work performance can be degraded for periods up to four hours, and that has been linked to major accidents," Stuart McFarlane, an author of the study from RMIT, said in a statement. "You would assume that a loud 'beep beep beep' alarm would improve alertness. However, our data revealed that melodic alarms may be the key element. This was unexpected." "Although more research is needed to better understand the precise combination of melody and rhythm that might work best, considering that most people use alarms to wake up, the sound you choose may have important consequences," he said. "This is particularly important for people who might work in dangerous situations shortly after waking, like firefighters or pilots, but also for anyone who has to be rapidly alert, such as someone driving to hospital in an emergency." For their study, the researchers surveyed 50 people using an online questionnaire, asking various questions about the types of sounds that they used for their alarms and how alert they tended to feel after waking up. The results revealed that the participants who rated their alarm sound as being "melodic" tended to report reductions in SI compared to "unmelodic" or harsh sounds. The study is limited by the fact that the results are based on self-reported survey responses and, thus, the researchers did not directly test how SI is linked to the type of alarm tone. However, they do suggest a potential mechanism to explain the results that they recorded. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 辩论赛虽然结束了，但我一点都没感到轻松。(far) 53. 物理学家们正在研究两种他们希望可以带来变化的设计。(work) 54. 许多读者认为这位被誉为五十年来最伟大的作家其实名不副实。(live) 55. 最初的四年对我们来说异常煎熬，我们不断犯错，也不善于向他人求助。(turn) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，作为校辩论队选手，你和队友即将参加一项辩论赛，辩题为“和家庭相比，学校对学生的影响更大”，你方将作为正方参赛，写一篇辩论稿，内容须包括：1) 你的观点；2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $