上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高三年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. what 2. had 3. to look 4. cleared 5. are created 6. that 7. another 8. in 9. giving 10. whether Section B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. G 15. K 16. J 17. E 18. I 19. D 20. H II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C Section B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. D Section C 47. D 48. B 49. F 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. While looking for a job, don’t feel limited by what you learn at college because employers care more about your ability to learn than what you have learned and social trends are hard to predict. Though it may be hard to find a job, don’t lose heart. Don’t compare yourself with others and keep going despite any rejections. IV. Translation 52. In his opinion, it is experiences rather than things that are worth investing in. 53. The psychologist finds that our satisfaction with our possessions wears off over time. 54. You’d better have someone review your essay to see whether your ideas are conveyed in an organized way. 55. Though drinking less coffee every day doesn’t pay off with immediate benefits, it will be good for your health in the long run. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Carol, I am thrilled to hear that you are determined to delve into Chinese literature to further enhance your linguistic proficiency. After careful consideration, I would like to highly recommend a classic masterpiece to you. The book I recommend is My Memories of Old Beijing by Lin Haiyin. It is a captivating autobiographical novel that portrays the genuine life and innocent perspectives of a little girl growing up in Beijing in the 1920s. I recommend this novel for two primary reasons. First, its language is remarkably accessible and authentic, making it ideal for intermediate learners. Second, it offers profound insights into traditional Chinese culture and social customs, allowing you to grasp the cultural connotations deeply. I firmly believe this book will serve as an excellent stepping stone for your Chinese learning journey. Please let me know if you need any further assistance. Happy reading! Yours, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高三年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Don't Wait a Year to Make Resolutions I was a heavy drinker before I gave it up. So I made a resolution. I looked in the mirror and said to myself: "It's early evening. Drink whatever you want now, but it all ends at 11:59. We start anew tomorrow." I am a big believer in the fresh start, which is 1          many of us look to on New Year's. But I think New Year's resolutions are pointless. We depend so much on them, and if we slip on Jan. 12, we give them up. Better luck next year. Thus I 2          (have) my last drink not on Dec. 21 but on a random Saturday in the spring three years ago. Random Saturdays are opportunities, though we don't tend 3          (look) at them that way. We feel as if we must have everything in order in our lives, with desk 4          (clear) of waste papers, and pencils all sharpened and in a row, before we start writing the story. But that's not how stories are composed or anything gets done. They 5          (create) in the small starts that link part to part until you have a road and you are walking down it. There are all kinds of ways to get off to a mini-start 6          can lead to a big end. I like to use a fresh week. Because I'm competitive and it helps motivate me, I play what I call the Week Game. On Saturday, as the week ends and 7          is about to begin, I look back on what I did over seven days. I wrote this many stories, published this many pieces, talked on the radio this many times, and ran this many miles. I'm awfully good at the Week Game now, and I take pride 8          it. For the people who wish to hold me back, I can say, "my week is your career," and my numbers - because I start it over and over - bear it out. It gives me more energy and purpose when life is very hard. It stops me 9          (give) up. We feel extremely let down if we can't get on well with New Year's resolutions. Then you're supposed to wait a year! That's not going to help you, 10          you want to drink less or read more books. A series of constant fresh starts adds up to a life well-lived. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. curiosity B. foundation C. madness D. means E. multiple F. overlooks G. overstates H. possible I. push J. reduce K. special Restless Genes "No other mammal (哺乳动物) moves around like we do," says Svante Paabo, a director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. He uses genetics to study human origins. "There's a kind of 11          to it. Sailing out into the ocean, you have no idea what's on the other side. And now we go to Mars. We never stop. Why?" If an urge to explore rises in us at birth, perhaps its 12          lies within our genome. In fact, there is a mutation (突变) that pops up frequently in such discussions: a variant of a gene called DRD4. DRD4 helps control dopamine, a chemical messenger in the brain that plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. Researchers have repeatedly tied the variant DRD4-7R-carried by roughly 20 percent of all humans--to increased 13          and restlessness. Dozens of human studies have found that 7R makes people more likely to take risks; explore new places, ideas, foods, or relationships; and generally love movement, change, and adventure. So is 7R the explorer's gene or adventure gene, as some call it? Yale University evolutionary and population geneticist Kenneth Kidd thinks that this 14          its roles. Kidd speaks with 15          authority here, as he was part of the team that discovered the 7R variant 20 years ago. "You just can't 16          something as complex as human exploration to a single gene." It would be better, Kidd suggests, to consider how groups of genes might lay a foundation for such behavior. It is likely that different groups of genes contribute to 17          characteristics that enable us to explore. There may be other genes--7R among them--which go even further: They 18          us to explore. It helps, in short, to think not just of the urge to explore but of the ability-not just the motivation but the 19         . Before you can act on the urge, you need the tools or characteristics that make exploration 20         . II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly can't ask animals if they dream, but we can at least 21          the evidence that they might. There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly 22          task. One is to look at their physical behaviour during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains. The story of how we 23          how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then, reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out 24          in their dreams. This was curious, because during so-called REM sleep (rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralysed (麻痹的). Researchers realised that causing a similar state in 25          could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem, called the pons, from a cat's brain 26          it becoming paralysed when in REM. The researchers called the condition "REM without atonia" or REM-A. Instead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of 27          from their waking hours. 28          movement is not the only way of looking into dreams, though. Researchers can now 29          look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes (迷宫). Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during 30          and during REM. 31         , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping. The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise 32          within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze. Does the behaviour of cats in science experiments actually 33          dreaming? Do rats have any subjective awareness that they're running their mazes in their minds while they nap? We can say with a reasonable amount of 34          that the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals. Yet what it's actually like to 35          a dream if you're not human remains a mystery. 21. A. foresee B. cover C. strengthen D. observe 22. A. disconnected B. endless C. uncomfortable D. impossible 23. A. made for B. took over C. worked out D. turned down 24. A. dialogues B. ideals C. movements D. meanings 25. A. animals B. dreams C. humans D. changes 26. A. imagined B. prevented C. appreciated D. witnessed 27. A. disasters B. activities C. successes D. failures 28. A. Physical B. Accidental C. Harmonious D. Independent 29. A. randomly B. reluctantly C. unconsciously D. humanely 30. A. sleeping B. running C. recording D. studying 31. A. To sum up B. By comparison C. For example D. In other words 32. A. location B. prediction C. moment D. nature 33. A. account for B. rely on C. qualify as D. differ from 34. A. doubt B. certainty C. specification D. memory 35. A. explain B. explore C. experience D. experiment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism - as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions (喜欢), meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people - we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail. (I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.) Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely -- everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected - "sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying - but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation （B） Darius (runner) I' ve always been sporty, but I was best at football and athletics. When I was 14, I had a trial for a professional football club, but eventually I chose to go down the athletics route instead. My biggest moment came when I got to compete for my country in the youth team and got a medal. It didn't result in much media attention, though. I'd been hoping some sponsorship would come out of it, because the training doesn't come cheap. I train at home all winter and then go away for three weeks before the season starts. You've got to be really disciplined, though. If friends ask me to go out the night before training, I have to say no. I wish I didn't, but dedication pays in this sport. The main goal for me is to get to the next Olympics--that would be fantastic. Gabriel (surfer) The surfing community is small, so you get to meet the same guys wherever you compete. Professional surfers are very serious and often the best waves are at dawn, so if you're really going to get anywhere, you have to cut out late-night parties altogether. I don't mind that so much, but I do love having a lie-in, and I usually have to give that up too. But it's worth it, because without that kind of dedication I might not have won the National Championships last year. And, of course, the sacrifices are worth it in the long run because winning that championship meant I got picked to present a surfing series on TV. I guess I'm a bit of a star now. Dieter (yacht (帆船) racer) With five people on a boat together, you have a good laugh. We're very traditional and we always celebrate a win in great style. It's been said that we act a bit childishly when we're out, but we don't actively go looking for media coverage. Sometimes the reporters actually seem more concerned about where you go out celebrating and what you get up to there than about where you came in the race. I'm away for eight months of the year, so it's great to get back, go out with my mates from other walks of life and do the things they do. I'm known within the world of sailing, but fortunately I can count the number of times I've been recognised in the street on the fingers of one hand. I'd hate to become a star. Tomas (tennis player) It's always a great thing to walk on court and feel that the crowd's behind you. At the last competition, though, it all got a bit crazy with people crowding around. Despite that, I have to admit that I do still get excited if spotted by fans when I'm out shopping or something. It has its downside though. Tennis players have to travel quite a lot, and in the end that's why my last girlfriend and I split up, I guess. That was hard, but you've got to make sacrifices in any sport; you've got to be serious and professional. Actually, it doesn't really bother me too much. I' m satisfied to concentrate on my game now and catch up on the other things in life once I retired, because, after all, that comes pretty early in this sport. 40. Both Darius and Gabriel think that plays an important role in being a professional athlete. A. relaxation B. talent C. media attention D. self-discipline 41. Which of the following athletes says he/she doesn't enjoy media attention? A. Darius B. Gabriel C. Dieter D. Tomas 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Dieter isn't that popular in the world of sailing. B. Gabriel won last year's National Championship. C. Darius had been a professional footballer for several years. D. Tomas doesn't like his personal life being affected by his career. （C） For millions of years, Arctic sea ice has expanded and shrunk in a rhythmic dance with the summer sun. Humans evolved in this icy world, and civilization relied on it for climatic, ecological, and political stability. But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019's minimum Arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic. Although most people have never seen the sea ice, its effects are never far away. By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth's air conditioner. Once dark water replaces brilliant ice, Earth could warm substantially, equivalent to the warming caused by the additional release of a trillion tons of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere. And declining sea ice threatens wildlife, from the polar bear to algae that grow beneath the sea ice, supporting the large amount of marine life. To avoid the consequences, the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. In the 1950s, countries raced to claim the Antarctic continent for resources and military installations. Enter the scientists. The 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year brought together scientists from competing countries to study Antarctica, and countries temporarily suspended their territorial disputes (争议). In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty to preserve the continent for peaceful scientific discovery rather than territorial and military gain. Sixty years later, we must now save the Arctic. A new Marine Arctic Peace Sanctuary (MAPS) Treaty would protect the Arctic Ocean as a scientific preserve for peaceful purposes only. Similar to Antarctica, MAPS would prohibit resource exploitation, commercial fishing and shipping, and military exercises. So far, only 2 non-Arctic countries have signed MAPS; 97 more need to sign on to enact it into law. Scientists can help-just as they did for the Antarctic-by giving statements of support, asking scientific organizations to endorse (支持) the treaty, communicating the importance of protecting the Arctic to the public and policy-makers, and above all, by convincing national leaders to sign the treaty. In particular, Arctic nations must agree that recognizing the Arctic as an international preserve is better than fighting over it. In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible. Humans have only ever lived in a world topped by ice. Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return? 43. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Wildlife relies on sea ice for food and water. B. The Arctic would be ice-free in 30 years. C. Sea ice slows down the global warming. D. The melting of sea ice releases CO₂. 44. The Antarctic is mentioned in the passage in order to A. remind readers of the past of the Antarctic B. propose a feasible approach for the Arctic C. stress the importance of preserving sea ice D. recall how the Antarctic Treaty came into being 45. The word "moratorium" (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to A. battle B. ban C. memo D. protection 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Antarctic: a Successful Comeback? B. Sea Ice and Global Warming C. Arctic: the Earth's Future D. Life Without Ice? Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Going after a question like this doesn't contribute one answer, but many, opening up entire new fields of inquiry. B. Given the scale of data generated by science, it's impossible for any individual person to deal with it all. C. A crucial point, then, is finding the right problems for these systems to explore. D. Even then, he could see that the rate of scientific discovery was so great that the need to store, process and understand information already went beyond people's natural ability. E. AI systems stand to deepen our scientific understanding and speed up new technological breakthroughs. F. However, this classical approach is limited by its reliance on human programmers who must first find rules from theories and observations, then use these rules to program. AI's Challenge: Ask Right Questions In his visionary essay "As We May Think" published in 1945, the American engineer and science advocate Vannevar Bush predicted that people would soon need to rely on external devices to enhance their minds. 47          His more recent observation rings truer than ever: one of the challenges of modern science is to make sense of the vast amount of information we've gathered about the world. 48          AI stands to help us turn this great amount of information into understanding--enabling us to ask questions that would be almost impossible for individuals to solve. Scientists have long used computing to advance science, employing computer programs to model and imitate natural systems to explain and understand scientific phenomena. This approach has been incredibly fruitful for science. 49          Our hope is to use AI systems to find such rules directly from data or experience, and potentially go beyond what individual researchers might be able to do. These self-learning systems can explore potential solutions and strategies by discovering hidden properties of the underlying structure of datasets, and may therefore enhance, rather than be limited to, human understanding. 50          Though a great deal of work is being done applying AI to the sciences, it's not necessary that a direct application of these technologies would (or should) result in a breakthrough in every scientific problem. The most impactful advances will come from applying AI techniques to questions that really matter to society, and for which complicated reasoning and analysis abilities are required. Much of the art of solving a problem lies in picking the right question in the first place. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Really Determined Person Will Always Succeed Many job seekers feel limited by the choices they made at college or university. They may think that because they studied marketing, all they can ever do is work in marketing. All the evidence shows that, in fact, employers are less interested in acquired knowledge than the ability to think and learn. It is also very difficult to predict the needs of society. For example, if a person chose to study dentistry because there was a lack of dentists when they were in high school, that may not be the case when they graduate. The needs of employers and the economy can change very quickly, and often unexpectedly. Of course, if it is a very tough time economically, it is hard to find employment straight after university, but it is by no means impossible. It might take several months longer to find a job after graduating, but there is work out there. My chosen career has always been competitive, but I never thought about the other people going for the same jobs. It may be human nature to compare your progress to your peers, but perhaps the best advice would be to try not to. Be focused on what you want and how you are going to get it. After all, it may appear that a friend who has a really well-paid job is doing well, but how do you know what their job is actually like? A really key piece of advice is never get downhearted by rejection, because there will probably be a lot. You can achieve your dream job, whatever it is. You must never give up. Be prepared to work hard and for long hours without necessarily climbing up the career ladder. There is a lot to be said for learning your 'trade' from the bottom up. At the start, there will probably be little money, but it will be worth it in the end. The best jobs are not supposed to be easy--that is what makes them challenging. And if you like a challenge, just keep your head down and go for it. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。(worth) 53. 这位心理学家发现，我们拥有的物品带给我们的满足感会随着时间消逝。(wear) 54. 最好请人审阅一下你的文章，看看自己的想法是否有条不紊地表达出来了。(convey) 55. 尽管每天少喝一点咖啡不会让你收获即时的好处，但从长远来看对你的健康有益。(pay off) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友 Carol 的邮件。在邮件中，她提到在学习三年中文后，她想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合她阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括: 你推荐的小说名字及该小说的主要内容； 你推荐该小说的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $